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Jang S, Kim HI, Jung JW, Boo M, Sung SH, Park J, Kim S. Bee venom acupuncture and herbal medicine for hand eczema: Two case reports and an in vivo study. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:102994. [PMID: 38637265 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eczema and contact dermatitis are relatively common, non-life-threatening disease, but can reduce the patient's quality-of-life when it becomes chronic. This study describes two cases of bee venom acupuncture (BVA) and herbal medicine (San Wu Huangqin decoction; SWH) co-treatment for hand eczema and contact dermatitis, then confirms the effect of the combination therapy in an in vivo model of eczema. CASE PRESENTATION A 56-year-old female (case 1) and a 33-year-old male (case 2) presented to the clinic with symptoms of itching and erythema (case 1), and scaliness (case 2) on both hands. Both were diagnosed with hand eczema and contact dermatitis based on examination of the erythema and scaliness. They were treated with BVA and SWH for three months. The lesions were healed and had not recurred after 1 and 3 years of follow-up. A mouse study was conducted by repeated application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) to induce eczema-like contact dermatitis in Balb/c mice. In a DNCB-induced eczema-like contact dermatitis model, BVA and SWH co-administration synergistically improved clinical symptoms seen in eczema. Also, they improved histological changes of the skin, suppressed immune cell infiltration, and decreased inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulin E in the serum. CONCLUSION This study suggests BVA and SWH could be an alternative treatment for eczema and contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsan, 38054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo In Kim
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Wonjae Korean Medical Clinic, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Chilgok, 39895, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Boo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Sung
- Department of Korean Medicine Policy, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Seoul, 04516, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungha Kim
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Chung EJ, Luo CH, Thio CLP, Chang YJ. Immunomodulatory Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Atopic Dermatitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040422. [PMID: 35456097 PMCID: PMC9025081 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium commonly found on humans, and it constitutes the skin microbiota. Presence of S. aureus in healthy individuals usually does not pose any threat, as the human body is equipped with many mechanisms to prevent pathogen invasion and infection. However, colonization of S. aureus has been correlated with many healthcare-associated infections, and has been found in people with atopic diseases. In atopic dermatitis, constant fluctuations due to inflammation of the epidermal and mucosal barriers can cause structural changes and allow foreign antigens and pathogens to bypass the first line of defense of the innate system. As they persist, S. aureus can secrete various virulence factors to enhance their survival by host invasion and evasion mechanisms. In response, epithelial cells can release damage-associated molecular patterns, or alarmins such as TSLP, IL-25, IL-33, and chemokines, to recruit innate and adaptive immune cells to cause inflammation. Until recently, IL-36 had been found to play an important role in modulating atopic dermatitis. Secretion of IL-36 from keratinocytes can activate a Th2 independent pathway to trigger symptoms of allergic reaction resulting in clinical manifestations. This mini review aims to summarize the immunomodulatory roles of S. aureus virulence factors and how they contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Jachen Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Christina Li-Ping Thio
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Zhu Y, Underwood J, Macmillan D, Shariff L, O'Shaughnessy R, Harper JI, Pickard C, Friedmann PS, Healy E, Di WL. Persistent kallikrein 5 activation induces atopic dermatitis-like skin architecture independent of PAR2 activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1310-1322.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Marquet S. Overview of human genetic susceptibility to malaria: From parasitemia control to severe disease. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 66:399-409. [PMID: 28579526 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening blood disease caused by the protozoan Plasmodium. Infection may lead to several different patterns of symptoms in the host: asymptomatic state, uncomplicated disease or severe disease. Severe malaria occurs mostly in young children and is a major cause of death. Disease is thought to result from the sequestration of parasites in the small blood vessels of the brain and the deregulation of key immune system elements. The cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of disease are however not fully understood. What is known it is that the genetic determinants of the host play an important role in the severity of the disease and the outcome of infection. Here we review the most convincing results obtained through genetic epidemiology studies concerning the genetic control of malaria in human caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection. The identification of genes conferring susceptibility or resistance to malaria might improve diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Marquet
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, GIMP, Labex ParaFrap, Marseille, France.
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Hu T, Wu Z, Vervelde L, Rothwell L, Hume DA, Kaiser P. Functional annotation of the T-cell immunoglobulin mucin family in birds. Immunology 2017; 148:287-303. [PMID: 26997606 PMCID: PMC4913284 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin (TIM) family molecules are cell membrane proteins, preferentially expressed on various immune cells and implicated in recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells. Little is known of their function outside human and mouse, and nothing outside mammals. We identified only two TIM genes (chTIM) in the chicken genome, putative orthologues of mammalian TIM1 and TIM4, and cloned the respective cDNAs. Like mammalian TIM1, chTIM1 expression was restricted to lymphoid tissues and immune cells. The gene chTIM4 encodes at least five splice variants with distinct expression profiles that also varied between strains of chicken. Expression of chTIM4 was detected in myeloid antigen‐presenting cells, and in γδ T cells, whereas mammalian TIM4 is not expressed in T cells. Like the mammalian proteins, chTIM1 and chTIM4 fusion proteins bind to phosphatidylserine, and are thereby implicated in recognition of apoptotic cells. The chTIM4–immunoglobulin fusion protein also had co‐stimulatory activity on chicken T cells, suggesting a function in antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanjun Hu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Lisa Rothwell
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - David A Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Pete Kaiser
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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Li F, Zhu Y, Xie X, Ke R, Li S, Liu L, Lu J, Li M. Interleukin-12B gene polymorphisms and bronchial asthma risk: A meta-analysis. J Asthma 2017; 54:777-783. [PMID: 28287286 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1277536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aims to investigate whether interleukin-12B (IL-12B) -1188A/C or the promoter polymorphisms may be a risk factor for asthma. DATA SOURCES Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases were searched (updated August 20, 2015). STUDY SELECTIONS Articles evaluating the association between IL-12B genetic polymorphisms and asthma risk were selected. RESULTS 13 eligible studies with a total of 5092 subjects were finally included in this meta-analysis. For IL-12B -1188A/C, analysis by ethnicity indicated that there was a markedly reduced risk for asthma in East Asian (CC + AC vs. AA: OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.50-0.81, P < 0.001). For IL-12B promoter, analysis by ethnicity indicated there was a markedly increased risk in East Asian (MM vs. WM + WW: OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.18-2.10, P = 0.002). Analysis by allergic state revealed the similar results in atopic subgroup. CONCLUSIONS IL-12B -1188 C allele may be a protective factor against asthma in East Asian. In addition, promoter MM genotype may be a risk factor for asthma in East Asian and allergic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Li
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xinming Xie
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Rui Ke
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Shaojun Li
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Lu Liu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jun Lu
- b Department of Clinical Research Center , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Manxiang Li
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
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Peripheral blood IRF1 expression as a marker for glucocorticoid sensitivity. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2015; 25:126-33. [PMID: 25564375 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite of the common usage of glucocorticoids (GCs), a significant portion of asthma patients exhibit GC insensitivity. This could be mediated by diverse mechanisms, including genomics. Recent work has suggested that measuring changes in gene expression may provide more predictive information about GC insensitivity than baseline gene expression alone, and that expression changes in peripheral blood may be reflective of those in the airway. METHODS We performed in silico discovery using gene expression omnibus (GEO) data that evaluated GC effect on gene expression in multiple tissue types. Subsequently, candidate genes whose expression levels are affected by GC were examined in cell lines and in primary cells derived from human airway and blood. RESULTS Through gene expression omnibus analysis, we identified interferon regulator factor 1 (IRF1), whose expression is affected by GC treatment in airway smooth muscle cells, normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells, and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Significant IRF1 downregulation post GC exposure was confirmed in two cultured airway epithelial cell lines and primary NHBE cells (P<0.05). We observed large interindividual variation in GC-induced IRF1 expression changes among primary NHBE cells tested. Significant downregulation of IRF1 was also observed in six randomly selected LCLs (P<0.05), with variable degrees of downregulation among different samples. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy volunteers, variable downregulation of IRF1 by GC was also shown. NFKB1, a gene whose expression is known to be downregulated by GC and the degree of downregulation of which is reflective of GC response, was used as a control in our study. IRF1 shows more consistent downregulation across tissue types when compared with NFKB1. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that GC-induced IRF1 gene expression changes in peripheral blood could be used as a marker to reflect GC response in the airway.
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Wang Z, Sundy JS, Foss CM, Barnhart HX, Palmer SM, Allgood SD, Trudeau E, Alexander KM, Levesque MC. Racial differences in the association of CD14 polymorphisms with serum total IgE levels and allergen skin test reactivity. J Asthma Allergy 2013; 6:81-92. [PMID: 23836995 PMCID: PMC3699133 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s42695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The CD14 C-159T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been investigated widely as a candidate genetic locus in patients with allergic disease. There are conflicting results for the association of the CD14 C-159T SNP with total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and atopy. There are limited data regarding the association of the CD14 C-159T SNP in subjects of African ancestry. The aim of the study was to determine whether the C-159T SNP and other CD14 SNPs (C1188G, C1341T) were associated with total serum IgE levels and with allergy skin test results in nonatopic and atopic subjects; as well as in Caucasian and African American subjects. Methods A total of 291 participants, 18–40 years old, were screened to determine whether they were atopic and/or asthmatic. Analyses were performed to determine the association between CD14 C-159T, C1188G, or C1341T genotypes with serum IgE levels and with the number of positive skin tests among Caucasian or African American subjects. Results We found no significant association of serum total IgE level with CD14 C-159T, C1188G, or C1341T genotypes within nonatopic or atopic subjects. Subjects with CD14-159 T alleles had significantly more positive allergen skin tests than subjects without CD14-159 T alleles (P = 0.0388). There was a significant association between the CD14 1188 G allele, but not the CD14 1341 T allele, with the number of positive skin-test results in Caucasians, but not in African Americans. Conclusion These results support a possible association between CD14 polymorphisms and atopy. CD14-159 T or CD14 1188 G alleles were associated with atopic disease. For subjects with CD14 1188 G alleles, the association with atopic disease was stronger in Caucasians compared to African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyao Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
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9
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Spertini F, Reymond C, Leimgruber A. Allergen-specific immunotherapy of allergy and asthma: current and future trends. Expert Rev Respir Med 2012; 3:37-51. [PMID: 20477281 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.3.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only immunomodulatory and etiological therapy of allergy and asthma. Conventional specific immunotherapy (SIT) with whole-allergen extract is antigen specific, effective on multiple organs, efficient on asthma in defined conditions, provides long-lasting protection and is cost effective. Moreover, SIT is able to prevent the course of rhinitis to asthma. SIT has its drawbacks: the long duration of treatment, the unsatisfactory standardization of allergen extracts and a questionable safety level. Novel approaches are aimed at drastically reducing adverse anaphylactic events, shortening the duration of therapy and improving its efficacy. Novel promising approaches have based their formulation on a limited set of recombinant allergens or chimeric molecules as well as on hypoallergenic allergen fragments or peptides. The simultaneous use of adjuvants with immunomodulatory properties may contribute to improve both the safety and efficacy of allergen-SIT of allergy and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Spertini
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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Wang EY, Liang WB, Zhang L. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in interleukin-12A and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1475-9. [PMID: 22734699 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or disease of small airways. It has been reported that the genetic variation may play a role in the development and severity of COPD. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in interleukin (IL)-12A and IL-12B were associated with COPD in a Chinese population. The IL-12A rs2243115 and IL-12B rs3212227 polymorphisms were genotyped by performing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 298 patients with COPD and 346 healthy controls. We observed that the frequencies of GT and GT+GG of IL-12A rs2243115 were significantly different from TT in the COPD group and the control group (GT vs. TT: odds ratio [OR]=2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.55-3.57, p<0.001; GT+GG vs. TT: OR=2.46, 95% CI=1.63-3.71, p<0.001). These data suggest that the IL-12A rs2243115 polymorphism may contribute to genetic susceptibility to COPD in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Yin Wang
- Department of Forensic Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Zhao LP, Di Z, Zhang L, Wang L, Ma L, Lv Y, Hong Y, Wei H, Chen HD, Gao XH. Association of SPINK5 gene polymorphisms with atopic dermatitis in Northeast China. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 26:572-7. [PMID: 21585560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defect in the SPINK5 gene is known to be implicated in Netherton syndrome (NS), and has been suggested to be a locus predisposing to atopy in general. Coding polymorphisms in SPINK5 exons 13, 14 and 26 have been reported to be associated with atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma and high level of IgE. OBJECTIVES To examine whether the SPINK5 gene polymorphisms are associated with AD in Northeast China, and to assess how variants influence selected phenotypic traits. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on four non-synonymous polymorphisms in the coding region of SPINK5 in AD and controls. The SPINK5 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using the PCR and RFLP methods. RESULTS For the four non-synonymous SNPs, A1103G(Asn368Ser), G1156A(Asp386Asn), G1258A(Glu420Lys), G2475T(Glu825Asp) in SPINK5, the allelic frequencies in the AD cohort were 0.55 for 1103G, 0.57 for 1156A, 0.54for 1258A, 0.62 for 2475T, consistent with those already published in the original British and Japanese cohorts. The T allele of SNP 2475G > T was found to be significantly associated with AD. There were significant differences in genotype frequencies for G1258A(Glu420Lys) and G2475T(Glu825Asp) but not for A1103G(Asn368Ser) and G1156A(Asp386Asn). Genotypes GA(420Glu/Lys), TT (2475Asp/Asp) and GT(2475Glu/Asp) were significantly more frequent in AD. However, the SPINK5 gene polymorphisms was found not to be associated with AD in regard to either serum IgE levels, concurrent allergic asthma or early onset of AD. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the association between SPINK5 and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Joubert BR, Reif DM, Edwards SW, Leiner KA, Hudgens EE, Egeghy P, Gallagher JE, Hubal EC. Evaluation of genetic susceptibility to childhood allergy and asthma in an African American urban population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:25. [PMID: 21320344 PMCID: PMC3048491 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and allergy represent complex phenotypes, which disproportionately burden ethnic minorities in the United States. Strong evidence for genomic factors predisposing subjects to asthma/allergy is available. However, methods to utilize this information to identify high risk groups are variable and replication of genetic associations in African Americans is warranted. METHODS We evaluated 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and a deletion corresponding to 11 genes demonstrating association with asthma in the literature, for association with asthma, atopy, testing positive for food allergens, eosinophilia, and total serum IgE among 141 African American children living in Detroit, Michigan. Independent SNP and haplotype associations were investigated for association with each trait, and subsequently assessed in concert using a genetic risk score (GRS). RESULTS Statistically significant associations with asthma were observed for SNPs in GSTM1, MS4A2, and GSTP1 genes, after correction for multiple testing. Chromosome 11 haplotype CTACGAGGCC (corresponding to MS4A2 rs574700, rs1441586, rs556917, rs502581, rs502419 and GSTP1 rs6591256, rs17593068, rs1695, rs1871042, rs947895) was associated with a nearly five-fold increase in the odds of asthma (Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.8, p = 0.007). The GRS was significantly associated with a higher odds of asthma (OR = 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.21, 2.13; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Variation in genes associated with asthma in predominantly non-African ethnic groups contributed to increased odds of asthma in this African American study population. Evaluating all significant variants in concert helped to identify the highest risk subset of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie R Joubert
- US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Exposure Research Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA.
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Zhao B, Abdelmoudjib G, Li J, Li H, Wei C, Gong Y, Liu Q. Two polymorphisms in the TIM-4 gene are associated with asthma in a Chinese Han population. Int J Immunogenet 2010; 38:31-5. [PMID: 20727045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The gene family of the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) proteins encodes cell surface receptors that are involved in the regulation of Th1- and Th2-cell-mediated immunity. TIM-1 gene has been found to be associated with asthma in several populations. TIM-4, the natural ligand for TIM-1, may influence the susceptility to asthma.To investigate the association of the TIM-4 gene polymorphisms with asthma in a Chinese Han population. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TIM-4 gene, rs6882076, rs12658558 and rs4702747, were genotyped in 551 unrelated asthma patients and 549 healthy controls. We found that two SNPs of the TIM-4 gene, rs6882076 and rs4702747, were associated with asthma susceptibility in our study population (with P-values = 0.009 and 0.005 respectively). No association was observed between asthma and rs12658558. Our results suggest that TIM-4 gene polymorphisms are associated with asthma in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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García-Lozano JR, Abad C, Escalera A, Torres B, Fernández O, García A, Sánchez-Román J, Sabio JM, Ortego-Centeno N, Raya-Alvarez E, Núñez-Roldán A, Martín J, González-Escribano MF. Identification of HAVCR1 gene haplotypes associated with mRNA expression levels and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. Hum Genet 2010; 128:221-9. [PMID: 20549518 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human HAVCR1 gene maps on 5q33.2, a region linked with susceptibility to allergic and autoimmune diseases. The aims of the present study were to define the haplotypes of HAVCR1 gene taking into account both HapMap Project SNP haplotypes and exon 4 variants, to investigate a possible relationship between these haplotypes and mRNA expression levels, and to assess whether HAVCR1 gene is involved in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Genotyping of three ins/del variants in the exon 4 was performed by fragment length analysis. Five tag SNPs genotypes and mRNA levels were determined using TaqMan assays. We defined four major haplotypes in our population: the two major haplotypes (named haplotypes A and B) bear both the 5383_5397del variant and the two most common SNP sets found in the CEU population. Quantification analysis revealed that genotype B/B had the highest median of mRNA expression levels (vs. BX + XX, p < 0.0001). Additionally, frequency of the genotype BB was significantly higher in RA patients than in controls (12.3 vs. 5.9% in controls, p = 0.0046, p (c) = 0.014, OR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.23-4.10). Our results support a relationship between HAVCR1 haplotypes and mRNA expression levels, and suggest an association of this gene with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Raúl García-Lozano
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Biomedicina, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain
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Abstract
Exposure to allergens first occurs at body surfaces in direct contact with the environment such as the skin, airways, and gastrointestinal tract, and compelling evidence suggests that allergic inflammatory responses are profoundly influenced by the products of epithelial cells located at these sites. One such product is thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which is capable of affecting multiple cell lineages involved in allergic reactions. In this review we discuss recent work that has provided insight into the role TSLP plays in both aberrant and protective allergic inflammatory responses, as well as regulation, associations with disease, sources, and functions of this important cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Comeau
- Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Andersson LS, Högström C, Mikko S, Eriksson S, Grandinson K, Broström H, Frey R, Sundquist M, Lindgren G. Polymorphisms inSPINK5do not associate with insect bite hypersensitivity in Icelandic horses born in Sweden. Anim Genet 2009; 40:790-1. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Koppelman GH, Meyers DA, Howard TD, Zheng SL, Hawkins GA, Ampleford EJ, Xu J, Koning H, Bruinenberg M, Nolte IM, van Diemen CC, Boezen HM, Timens W, Whittaker PA, Stine OC, Barton SJ, Holloway JW, Holgate ST, Graves PE, Martinez FD, van Oosterhout AJ, Bleecker ER, Postma DS. Identification of PCDH1 as a novel susceptibility gene for bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:929-35. [PMID: 19729670 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200810-1621oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that affects more than 300 million individuals worldwide. Asthma is caused by interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a hallmark of asthma and results from increased sensitivity of the airways to physical or chemical stimulants. BHR and asthma are linked to chromosome 5q31-q33. OBJECTIVES To identify a gene for BHR on chromosome 5q31-q33. METHODS In 200 Dutch families with asthma, linkage analysis and fine mapping were performed, and the Protocadherin 1 gene (PCDH1) was identified. PCDH1 was resequenced in 96 subjects from ethnically diverse populations to identify novel sequence variants. Subsequent replication studies were undertaken in seven populations from The Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States, including two general population samples, two family samples, and three case-control samples. PCDH1 mRNA and protein expression was investigated using polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In seven out of eight populations (n = 6,168) from The Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States, PCHD1 gene variants were significantly associated with BHR (P values, 0.005-0.05) This association was present in both families with asthma and general populations. PCDH1 mRNA and protein were expressed in airway epithelial cells and in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS PCDH1 is a novel gene for BHR in adults and children. The identification of PCDH1 as a BHR susceptibility gene may suggest that a structural defect in the integrity of the airway epithelium, the first line of defense against inhaled substances, contributes to the development of BHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Liu Q, Xia Y, Zhang W, Li J, Wang P, Li H, Wei C, Gong Y. A functional polymorphism in the SPINK5 gene is associated with asthma in a Chinese Han Population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 10:59. [PMID: 19534795 PMCID: PMC2709655 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutation in SPINK5 causes Netherton syndrome, a rare recessive skin disease that is accompanied by severe atopic manifestations including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, high serum IgE and hypereosinophilia. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the SPINK5 was shown to be significantly associated with atopy, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and total serum IgE. In order to determine the role of the SPINK5 in the development of asthma, a case-control study including 669 asthma patients and 711 healthy controls in Han Chinese was conducted. METHODS Using PCR-RFLP assay, we genotyped one promoter SNP, -206G>A, and four nonsynonymous SNPs, 1103A>G (Asn368Ser), 1156G>A (Asp386Asn), 1258G>A (Glu420Lys), and 2475G>T (Glu825Asp). Also, we analyzed the functional significance of -206G>A using the luciferase reporter assay and electrophoresis mobility shift assay. RESULTS we found that the G allele at SNP -206G>A was associated with increased asthma susceptibility in our study population (p = 0.002, odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.60). There was no significant association between any of four nonsynonymous SNPs and asthma. The A allele at -206G>A has a significantly higher transcriptional activity than the G allele. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay also showed a significantly higher binding efficiency of nuclear protein to the A allele compared with the G allele. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the -206G>A polymorphism in the SPINK5 is associated with asthma susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiji Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Teerlink CC, Camp NJ, Bansal A, Crapo R, Hughes D, Kort E, Rowe K, Cannon-Albright LA. Significant evidence for linkage to chromosome 5q13 in a genome-wide scan for asthma in an extended pedigree resource. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:636-43. [PMID: 19092775 PMCID: PMC2672963 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a multifactorial disease with undetermined genetic factors. We performed a genome-wide scan to identify predisposition loci for asthma. The asthma phenotype consisted of physician-confirmed presence or absence of asthma symptoms. We analyzed 81 extended Utah pedigrees ranging from three to six generations, including 742 affected individuals, ranging from 2 to 40 per pedigree. We performed parametric multipoint linkage analyses with dominant and recessive models. Our analysis revealed genome-wide significant evidence of linkage to region 5q13 (log of the odds ratio (LOD)=3.8, recessive model), and suggestive evidence for linkage to region 6p21 (LOD=2.1, dominant model). Both the 5q13 and 6p21 regions indicated in these analyses have been previously identified as regions of interest in other genome-wide scans for asthma-related phenotypes. The evidence of linkage at the 5q13 region represents the first significant evidence for linkage on a genome-wide basis for this locus. Linked pedigrees localize the region to approximately between 92.3-105.5 Mb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C Teerlink
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5750, USA.
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Shimokawa N, Nishiyama C, Hirota T, Tamari M, Hara M, Ikeda S, Okumura K, Ogawa H. Functional analysis of a polymorphism in the promoter region of the IL-12/23p40 gene. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 39:228-35. [PMID: 19134014 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human IL-12B gene on chromosome 5q31 encodes the common p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23. IL-12 is known to play critical roles in the generation of T-helper type 1 (TH(1)) cells, whereas IL-23 is involved in maintenance and/or population expansion of TH(17) cells. Although several reports suggested an association between a polymorphism (-6415CTCTAA/GC) in IL-12B and asthma, the molecular mechanism how this polymorphism is involved in allergic inflammation is still unclear. METHODS The transcription activity was analysed by reporter assay. A transcription factor binding to -6415 polymorphic site was identified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. The amount of cytokines produced from peripheral monocytes were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Reporter assay showed that the transcription activity of the GC allele was higher than that of the CTCTAA allele. A transcription factor Sp1 bound to the region including the GC allele with a higher affinity than that of the CTCTAA allele in EMSA. In vivo binding of Sp1 to IL-12B gene carrying -6415GC was confirmed by ChIP assay. Overexpression of Sp1 up-regulated transcription activity of promoter carrying GC allele sequence, whereas the CTCTAA promoter was not affected by Sp1. We examined the correlation between -6415CTCTA/GC polymorphism and production of cytokine IL-12/23p40, IL-12p70, and IL-23 on peripheral blood monocytes, and monocytes with the GC/GC allele exhibited significantly higher expression of IL-12p70 protein than those with the CTCTAA/CTCTAA allele (P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS The -6415 polymorphism is involved in cytokine production potential by affecting Sp1-mediated transcription activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shimokawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Interleukin-12 p40 gene (IL12B) polymorphisms and the risk of cervical caner in Korean women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2008; 140:71-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liu Q, Shang L, Li J, Wang P, Li H, Wei C, Gong Y. A functional polymorphism in the TIM-1 gene is associated with asthma in a Chinese Han population. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 144:197-202. [PMID: 17570927 DOI: 10.1159/000103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TIM-1, a member of the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) gene family was implicated as an asthma susceptibility gene in previous studies. TIM-1 is selectively expressed on activated CD4+ T cells and its expression is sustained preferentially on T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, which suggests that TIM-1 is associated with T cell differentiation and the development of Th2-biased immune response. METHODS In order to evaluate the effects of the promoter polymorphism in the TIM-1 gene on asthma susceptibility in a Chinese Han population, 2 promoter polymorphisms, -416G>C and -1454G>A, from 2 alternative promoter regions, were genotyped in 409 unrelated asthma patients and 305 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Also, we analyzed the functional significance of -416G>C using the luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS We found that -416G>C was associated with asthma susceptibility in our study population (chi2 = 9.88, p = 0.002, odds ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.14-1.75). No statistically significant difference in the distribution of genotype and allele frequency of the -1454G>A site was observed. The -416G>C substitution increased the transcriptional activity of the TIM-1 gene. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the -416G>C variation site in the human TIM-1 promoter region is associated with asthma susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiji Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, China, Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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23
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Fukushima A, Sumi T, Fukuda K, Kumagai N, Nishida T, Okumura K, Akiba H, Yagita H, Ueno H. T-cell Ig and mucin domain-containing protein (Tim)-2 regulates murine allergic conjunctivitis during the effector phase. Immunol Lett 2007; 110:133-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Bierbaum S, Heinzmann A. The genetics of bronchial asthma in children. Respir Med 2007; 101:1369-75. [PMID: 17353123 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease based on an inappropriate stimulation of the immune system, for instance by environmental aeroallergens. It is characterised by bronchial hyperreactivity, reversible airway obstruction and mucus overproduction. During the last decades bronchial asthma has become the most common disease of childhood. Accordingly, many epidemiological and genetic studies have dealt with its origin. In fact, hundreds of genome-wide linkage analyses and association studies have identified several chromosomal regions harbouring asthma susceptibility genes like chromosome 2q, 5q, 6q, 11q, 12q and 13q. Also about 100 candidate genes for asthma have been described. However, not all of them have been confirmed in independent studies. Besides the genetic predisposition environmental factors play an important role in the development of allergic diseases. Studies predominantly performed in farmer children have shown that exposure to bacterial endotoxin early in life reduces the risk to develop asthma or atopy later on. Thus, recent studies focussed also on the interaction of genes variants with environmental factors which is summarised under the term genetic epidemiology. Further dissection of asthma genetics and its complex interaction with surrounding factors will hopefully help us in the development of new very specific drugs. In addition, the generation of a genetic risk profile for bronchial asthma should enable us for the first time to take well-directed preventive measurements early in live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Bierbaum
- Centre for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, D 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Li JS, Liu QJ, Wang P, Li HC, Wei CH, Guo CH, Gong YQ. Absence of association between two insertion/deletion coding genetic polymorphisms of TIM-1 gene and asthma in Chinese Han population. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 33:417-22. [PMID: 17117951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2006.00634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
TIM-1, a member of T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain (TIM) gene family, was implicated as an asthma susceptibility gene in previous studies. TIM-1 was expressed on CD4(+) T cells after activation and its expression was sustained preferentially in T-helper type 2 (T(H)2) but not in T(H)1 cells, therefore TIM-1 became a good candidate gene for atopic diseases. Recent studies indicated that two insertion/deletion (ins/del) coding genetic polymorphisms in exon 4 of TIM-1 were associated with asthma susceptibility in some but not in all populations. In order to investigate the relationship between TIM-1 genetic polymorphisms and asthma in Chinese Han population, we performed a case-control study for two insertion/deletion polymorphisms in TIM-1 exon 4 (5383_5397ins/del and 5509_5511delCAA) and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 8 (IVS 8+9 G/A) between a healthy control group of 309 people and an asthma patient group of 352 people recruited from Chinese Han population. The polymorphisms were genotyped and the allele and genotype frequencies were analysed, but none of the three polymorphisms showed association with asthma susceptibility in single-locus association analyses. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses demonstrated that the two insertion/deletion polymorphisms were in strong LD but the haplotypes constructed from these two polymorphisms showed no significant association with asthma. In conclusion, our findings suggest that 5383_5397ins/del, 5509_5511delCAA and SNP IVS 8+9 G/A polymorphisms are not associated with asthma susceptibility in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Li
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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26
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Huston DP, Liu YJ. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin:a potential therapeutic target for allergy and asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2006; 6:372-6. [PMID: 16899198 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-996-0006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin (IL)-7-like cytokine that has recently been implicated as central to the microenvironment and is permissive for the immunologic cascade that initiates and propagates allergic immune responses. In humans, TSLP is produced predominantly by epithelial cells and activated mast cells, and stimulates myeloid dendritic cells (mDC), which uniquely express the heterodimeric TSLP receptor. TSLP-activated mDC can promote naïve CD4+ T cells to differentiate into a Th2 phenotype and can promote the expansion of CD4+ Th2 memory cells. Recent evidence implicates TSLP as playing a pivotal role in the pathobiology of allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis. The potential for TSLP to provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of allergic disorders is compelling, and elucidating the mechanisms that regulate TSLP expression and the effects of TSLP on orchestrating the immune response toward a Th2 phenotype should facilitate this quest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Huston
- Immunology Allergy & Rheumatology Section,Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza,BCM 285, Houston TX 77030, USA.
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Page NS, Jones G, Stewart GJ. Genetic association studies between the T cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) gene locus and childhood atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 141:331-6. [PMID: 16940744 DOI: 10.1159/000095459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) gene family is involved in T cell proliferation and differentiation and has been implicated in allergic disease. We have tested whether TIM gene polymorphisms are associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) in an Australian cohort. METHODS Transmission disequilibrium testing of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms across TIM-1, TIM-3 and TIM-4 in 93 Caucasian families, and of a tri-allelic (0, 15 and 18 base pairs) TIM-1 insertion polymorphism in 123 Caucasian and Asian families, was carried out in proband-parent trio families. RESULTS Transmission of the 18-base pair variant of this insertion was significantly under-represented in the childhood AD cohort (p = 0.02), which is in agreement with a previous study on asthma in an African-American cohort. We also found a novel association between AD and the major haplotype of TIM-4 (p = 0.016). There was no evidence for an association between AD and TIM-3. CONCLUSIONS In addition to confirming the importance of genetic variation in TIM-1, our results also suggest that genetic variants in the ligand for TIM-1, TIM-4, also contribute to the presentation of AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S Page
- Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia.
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Nishimura F, Shibasaki M, Ichikawa K, Arinami T, Noguchi E. Failure to find an association between CD14-159C/T polymorphism and asthma: a family-based association test and meta-analysis. Allergol Int 2006; 55:55-8. [PMID: 17075287 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.55.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD14 is an essential component of the receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS stimulates T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine expression, potentially suppressing Th2 immune responses involved in IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Previous studies have reported that -159C/T, a promoter polymorphism of CD14, is associated with total serum IgE levels and atopy, but other studies have shown conflicting results. METHODS To examine possible associations of CD14 polymorphisms with asthma susceptibility, we performed transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs) of 137 Japanese families identified through children with atopic asthma. RESULTS We found no association between -159C/T polymorphism and asthma (p= 0.37). Quantitative TDT and ANOVA showed no association between the -159C/T genotype and total serum IgE levels. We also performed a meta-analysis of data from all available studies. Neither a fixed-effects model nor a random-effect model showed a significant odds ratio for the -159C/T polymorphism (p > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that CD14 does not contribute substantially to susceptibility to asthma. Further studies examining both genotypes and environmental factors will be necessary to elucidate the role of CD14 in the development of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumichika Nishimura
- Department of Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract
T cells on activation differentiate into different subsets (Th1 or Th2) with distinct effector functions. These T cell subsets are primarily differentiated on the basis of the cytokines that they produce, however, we have identified a novel gene family called TIM (T cell, immunoglobulin, mucin domain-containing molecules), whose members are differentially expressed on Th1 and Th2 cells. Three of the family members (Tim-1, Tim-3, and Tim-4) are conserved between mouse and man. Genomic association of the TIM family and polymorphisms in both Tim-1 and Tim-3 in different immune-mediated diseases suggest that the family may have an important role in regulating immunity, both in terms of normal immune responses and in diseases like autoimmunity and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Kuchroo
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tan CY, Chen YL, Wu LSH, Liu CF, Chang WT, Wang JY. Association of CD14 promoter polymorphisms and soluble CD14 levels in mite allergen sensitization of children in Taiwan. J Hum Genet 2005; 51:59-67. [PMID: 16292464 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-005-0323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD14 is responsible for environmental lipopolysaccharide recognition and is a positional candidate gene for allergy. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of the CD14 gene may be associated with Dermatophagoides pteronysinnus (Der p) allergen sensitization in children. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD14 promoter region, C(-159)T, A(-1,145)G, and G(-1,359)T were genotyped, and analyzed in 240 randomized case-control school-age children in Taiwan. Serum concentrations of IgE and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were also assayed. We found a significant inverse correlation of sCD14 and total serum IgE levels in our study population. Moreover, sCD14 binds Der p allergen in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The distribution of three SNPs genotypes was similar in asthmatic children and the control group. However, there was a significant difference in the distribution of genotype CD14 G(-1,359)T, but not C(-159)T, between mite-sensitive and non-sensitive children. Haplotype analysis showed strong linkage disequilibrium among these three SNPs in the CD14 promoter region. Carriers of the CD14-159C/-1,145A/-1,359T haplotype had the highest IgE and lowest sCD14 levels as compared to other haplotypes. Our results support the hypothesis that CD14 gene variants may play an important role in influencing allergen sensitization of children in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Yee Tan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chai-Fan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li road, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan.
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Hirota T, Suzuki Y, Hasegawa K, Obara K, Matsuda A, Akahoshi M, Nakashima K, Cheng L, Takahashi N, Shimizu M, Doi S, Fujita K, Enomoto T, Ebisawa M, Yoshihara S, Nakamura Y, Kishi F, Shirakawa T, Tamari M. Functional haplotypes of IL-12B are associated with childhood atopic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116:789-95. [PMID: 16210052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Revised: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-12 is a heterodimeric proinflammatory cytokine that forms a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Although associations between polymorphisms of IL-12B on chromosome 5q31-33 and asthma have been reported, the genetic influences of the polymorphisms and haplotype of IL-12B are unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine whether polymorphisms in IL-12B are associated with childhood atopic asthma in a Japanese population. METHODS We identified a total of 13 polymorphisms and characterized the linkage disequilibrium mapping of the gene. Three variants in the promoter and 3' untranslated region were genotyped, and we conducted case-control and case-only association studies between those variants and asthma-related phenotypes (childhood atopic asthma, n = 297; normal controls, n = 555). Haplotype association analysis and functional analysis of these variants were also performed. RESULTS 3' Untranslated region 10841C > A was significantly associated with the risk of childhood atopic asthma (P = .00062). The -6415 promoter variant, in linkage disequilibrium with the 10841C > A (D' = 0.78 and r2 = 0.61), was also marginally associated with childhood atopic asthma (P = .051). We analyzed the 2-locus haplotype by using these 2 polymorphisms and found a positive association with haplotype CTCTAA-C (-6415 CTCTAA and 10841C; P = .00078). Furthermore, 10841C > A affects the stability of transcripts, and promoter variant -6415GC enhances the transcriptional level of IL-12B. CONCLUSION Our results imply that functional haplotype CTCTAA-C, which affects the instability of transcripts and the lower transcriptional level of IL-12B, has a protective effect in childhood atopic asthma. On the basis of these findings, the IL-12B gene might be involved in the development of atopic asthma through functional genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Hirota
- Laboratory for Genetics of Allergic Diseases, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Research Center, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Kanagawa, Japan
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Meyers JH, Sabatos CA, Chakravarti S, Kuchroo VK. The TIM gene family regulates autoimmune and allergic diseases. Trends Mol Med 2005; 11:362-9. [PMID: 16002337 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Revised: 06/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The recently identified TIM gene family encodes cell-surface receptors that are involved in the regulation of Th1- and Th2-cell-mediated immunity. Tim-3 protein is specifically expressed on Th1 cells and negatively regulates Th1 responses, whereas Tim-2 is preferentially expressed in Th2 cells. Tim-1, previously identified as the hepatitis A virus receptor, co-stimulates T-cell expansion and cytokine production. Tim-4, which is preferentially expressed on mature dendritic cells, is the ligand for Tim-1. In mouse models of asthma and multiple sclerosis, affecting the function of Tim molecules altered disease phenotype. Because TIM molecules are differentially expressed on effector Th1 and Th2 cells, further understanding of the mechanisms by which they regulate Th1- and Th2-effector functions will probably provide opportunities for the therapeutic modulation of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hartt Meyers
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Ave. Louis Pasteur, HIM/Room 780, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Fölster-Holst R, Stoll M, Koch WA, Hampe J, Christophers E, Schreiber S. Lack of association of SPINK5 polymorphisms with nonsyndromic atopic dermatitis in the population of Northern Germany. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:1365-7. [PMID: 15949016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang JY, Wang LM, Lin CGJ, Chang ACW, Wu LSH. Association study using combination analysis of SNP and STRP markers: CD14 promoter polymorphism and IgE level in Taiwanese asthma children. J Hum Genet 2004; 50:36-41. [PMID: 15602630 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-004-0215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 5, especially the 5q31-33 region, may contain one or more loci to control total serum IgE as well as asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. To investigate the regions related with IgE level in chromosome 5, we performed a case-control association study on 105 high-IgE-level and 85 normal-IgE-level asthmatic children using 43 microsatellite markers that span the whole chromosome 5 with 5 cM intervals. One of microsatellite marker, D5S2011, had significantly different allele frequency between the two asthmatic groups. E allele (143 bp) of the D5S2011 marker was more frequent in high-IgE asthmatics. CD14 is the candidate gene of atopy and asthma and is distant from D5S2011 by about 1 Mb. We analyzed the SNP genotypes in the CD14 gene region alone and in combination with microsatellite marker D5S2011. The CD14/-2984 polymorphism but not the CD14/-159 is associated with IgE level in Taiwanese asthmatic children. The CD14/-159 allele was observed only to be associated with IgE level when -159T was part of a haplotype containing a D5S2011 E allele. The combination analysis using SNP and STRP markers provided a novel method for increasing detection power in candidate gene association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Yao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Mei Wang
- Product Development Division, Vita Genomics Inc., 7Fl., No.6,Sec.1, Jungshing Rd., Wugu Shiang, Taipei County, 248, Taiwan
| | - Cherry Guan-Ju Lin
- Product Development Division, Vita Genomics Inc., 7Fl., No.6,Sec.1, Jungshing Rd., Wugu Shiang, Taipei County, 248, Taiwan
| | - Ashely Ching-Wei Chang
- Product Development Division, Vita Genomics Inc., 7Fl., No.6,Sec.1, Jungshing Rd., Wugu Shiang, Taipei County, 248, Taiwan
| | - Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu
- Product Development Division, Vita Genomics Inc., 7Fl., No.6,Sec.1, Jungshing Rd., Wugu Shiang, Taipei County, 248, Taiwan.
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Randolph AG, Lange C, Silverman EK, Lazarus R, Silverman ES, Raby B, Brown A, Ozonoff A, Richter B, Weiss ST. The IL12B gene is associated with asthma. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75:709-15. [PMID: 15322986 PMCID: PMC1182059 DOI: 10.1086/424886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL12B gene on chromosome 5q31-33 encodes the p40 subunit of interleukin 12, an immunomodulatory cytokine. To test the hypothesis that the IL12B gene contains polymorphisms associated with asthma, we genotyped six haplotype-tagging polymorphisms in the IL12B gene, both in 708 children enrolled in the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) and in their parents. Using the family-based association test (FBAT) program and its haplotype (HBAT) and phenotype (PBAT) options, we tested each polymorphism and haplotype for association with asthma and asthma-related phenotypes. We tested positive associations for replication in a case-control study comparing 177 adult moderate-to-severe asthmatics with 177 nonasthmatic controls. In whites in the CAMP cohort, the A allele of the IL12B G4237A polymorphism was undertransmitted to asthmatic children (P=.0008, recessive model), the global test for haplotypes for affection status was positive (P=.009, multiallelic chi (2)), and two polymorphisms were associated with different atopy phenotypes. In addition, we found a strong association between the IL12B_4237 and IL12B_6402 polymorphisms and an asthma-severity phenotype in whites, which we also found in the independent population of white adult asthmatics. IL12B may be an important asthma gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne G Randolph
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Liu X, Beaty TH, Deindl P, Huang SK, Lau S, Sommerfeld C, Fallin MD, Kao WHL, Wahn U, Nickel R. Associations between specific serum IgE response and 6 variants within the genes IL4, IL13, and IL4RA in German children: the German Multicenter Atopy Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 113:489-95. [PMID: 15007352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among many published studies of specific IgE response or atopy, only a few showed positive marginal effects for 6 potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; C-590T in the IL4 gene, C-1055T and Arg130Gln in the IL13 gene, and Ile50Val, Ser478Pro, and Gln551Arg in the IL4RA gene). SNPs were commonly considered individually, and therefore the true effect could be masked by other genes or environmental factors. OBJECTIVE We tested the relationship between these 6 SNPs and sensitization to food, mite, cat, and outdoor allergens in unrelated German children drawn from the Multicenter Atopy Study. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions were also evaluated. METHODS Multiple logistic regression models were used for the analyses of 4 sensitization outcomes. RESULTS The variant C-1055T was significantly associated with increased risk of sensitization to food and outdoor allergens, with odds ratios of 3.49 (95% CI, 1.52-8.02) and 2.27 (95% CI, 1.04-4.94), respectively. The effects of the TT genotype on food sensitization appear to depend on variants in the IL4RA gene, in which marginally significant interaction terms were observed. Significant evidence supported an interaction between exposure to maternal smoking and variant Gln551Arg on risk of cat sensitization. In addition, we found that the effect of variant C-590T on sensitization to mite depended on Der p 1 allergen levels in carpet dust samples. CONCLUSIONS These findings not only suggested that variants in the IL4, IL13, and IL4RA genes play an important role in controlling specific IgE response but also strengthened our understanding of gene-gene and gene-environment interaction on the development of specific sensitization in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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37
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Mas M, Cavaillès P, Colacios C, Subra JF, Lagrange D, Calise M, Christen MO, Druet P, Pelletier L, Gauguier D, Fournié GJ. Studies of Congenic Lines in the Brown Norway Rat Model of Th2-Mediated Immunopathological Disorders Show That the Aurothiopropanol Sulfonate-Induced Immunological Disorder (Aiid3) Locus on Chromosome 9 Plays a Major Role Compared to Aiid2 on Chromosome 10. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6354-61. [PMID: 15128826 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Brown Norway (BN) rats treated with aurothiopropanol-sulfonate (Atps) constitute a model of Th2-mediated immunological disorders associated with elevated IgE responses and renal IgG deposits. Using F(2) offspring between Atps-susceptible BN and Atps-resistant Lewis rats, we had previously mapped three quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 9, 10, and 20 for which BN alleles increased susceptibility to Atps-induced immunological disorders (Aiid). In this study we have used congenic lines for the latter two quantitative trait loci, formerly called Atps2 and Atps3 and now named Aiid2 (chromosome 10) and Aiid3 (chromosome 9), for fine mapping and characterization of their impact on Atps-triggered reactions. In Aiid2 congenic lines, the gene(s) controlling part of the IgE response to Atps was mapped to an approximately 7-cM region, which includes the IL-4 cytokine gene cluster. Two congenic lines in which the introgressed segments shared only a portion of this 7-cM region, showed an intermediate IgE response, indicating the involvement of several genes within this region. Results from BN rats congenic for the Lewis Aiid3 locus, which we mapped to a 1.2-cM interval, showed a stronger effect of this region. In this congenic line, the Atps-triggered IgE response was 10-fold lower than in the BN parental strain, and glomerular IgG deposits were either absent or dramatically reduced. Further genetic and functional dissections of these loci should provide insights into pathways that lead to Th2-adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Mas
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Département Génétique Fonctionnelle des Maladies des Epithéliums, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 563, Hôpital Purpan and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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38
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Strobel S. Understanding primary oral tolerance induction: the end of the beginning. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-003-0801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Brusic V, Petrovsky N, Gendel SM, Millot M, Gigonzac O, Stelman SJ. Computational tools for the study of allergens. Allergy 2003; 58:1083-92. [PMID: 14616117 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Allergy is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. The number of characterized allergens and related information is increasing rapidly creating demands for advanced information storage, retrieval and analysis. Bioinformatics provides useful tools for analysing allergens and these are complementary to traditional laboratory techniques for the study of allergens. Specific applications include structural analysis of allergens, identification of B- and T-cell epitopes, assessment of allergenicity and cross-reactivity, and genome analysis. In this paper, the most important bioinformatic tools and methods with relevance to the study of allergy have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Brusic
- Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore
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40
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McIntire JJ, Umetsu DT, DeKruyff RH. TIM-1, a novel allergy and asthma susceptibility gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 25:335-48. [PMID: 15007635 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-003-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2003] [Accepted: 08/26/2003] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atopic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, are caused by environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Although the prevalence of these diseases has risen dramatically over the past two decades, it has been difficult to identify the underlying causes of these diseases due to the complex interplay between the genetic and environmental factors involved. Using a congenic mouse model of asthma, we simplified this complex trait and identified the novel T cell immunoglobulin domain, mucin-like domain (TIM) gene family, that encodes transmembrane proteins expressed by CD4 T cells. Recent studies demonstrate that the TIM family, particularly TIM-1, plays a critical role in immune responses that regulate the development of atopic diseases. In humans, certain polymorphic variants of TIM-1 are strongly associated with protection against atopy, and this association occurs only in individuals who have had past infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV). Since TIM-1 functions as the cellular receptor for HAV, activation of T cells through TIM-1 by HAV or by its natural ligand may affect T cell differentiation and the development of Th2-driven allergic inflammatory responses. Epidemiologically, HAV infection is associated with a reduced risk of developing atopy, and because the incidence of HAV infection has been significantly reduced in industrialized countries over the past 30 years, the discovery of a genetic interaction between HAV and TIM-1 provides the first molecular genetic evidence for the hygiene hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J McIntire
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, CA 94305-5208, USA
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41
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Liu X, Beaty TH, Deindl P, Huang SK, Lau S, Sommerfeld C, Fallin MD, Kao WHL, Wahn U, Nickel R. Associations between total serum IgE levels and the 6 potentially functional variants within the genes IL4, IL13, and IL4RA in German children: the German Multicenter Atopy Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 112:382-8. [PMID: 12897746 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased total serum IgE levels are a common characteristic of atopic disorders. Six potentially functional variants, including C-590T in the IL4 gene, C-1055T and Arg130Gln in the IL13 gene, and Ile50Val, Ser478Pro, and Gln551Arg in the IL4RA gene, have been evaluated for their involvement in the control of total serum IgE levels and related atopic disorders, but the results of these studies have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We examined whether these 6 variants had genotypic effects on total serum IgE levels in 823 unrelated German children from a large infant cohort, the German Multicenter Atopy Study. METHODS Marginal effect models were used for the analyses of the repeated IgE measurements. Weighted linear regression and family-based tests of association were performed to minimize the possibility of spurious effects caused by selection bias or confounding on the basis of ethnic background. RESULTS There are significant associations between increased total serum IgE levels and 2 variants in the IL13 gene (P <.005 and.0002 for Arg130Gln and C-1055T, respectively). These genetic effects are unlikely to be due to solely linkage disequilibrium between 2 polymorphisms, population stratification, or nonrepresentative samples. In addition, exposure to maternal smoking appears to modify the above effects on total serum IgE levels. However, no statistical association was observed between this quantitative phenotype and the other 4 variants examined. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that variants C-1055T and Arg130Gln of the IL13 gene might play an important role on total serum IgE production in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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42
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Ahmadi KR, Lanchbury JS, Reed P, Chiano M, Thompson D, Galley M, Line A, Lank E, Wong HJ, Strachan D, Spector TD. Novel association suggests multiple independent QTLs within chromosome 5q21-33 region control variation in total humans IgE levels. Genes Immun 2003; 4:289-97. [PMID: 12761566 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, heterogeneous, complex disease accompanied by raised total and specific immunoglobulin-E (IgE) antibody levels. Despite numerous previous reports of linkage and association of asthma, atopy and serum IgE levels to genes within the 5q21-33 region, definitive, replicable results are still not available. We used the classical twin design to (i) estimate the relative contributions of genes and environment to variation in total IgE levels, (ii) assess genetic linkage, and (iii) examine allelic association of 11 microsatellite markers spanning the 5q21-33 region to total IgE. Variation in total IgE level was shown to be highly heritable (65%). Although evidence for linkage of the 11 microsatellites to IgE was not observed, the omnibus test of association, not confounded by population substructure, showed positive association of D5S393 and D5S673 to IgE. Genes in the vicinity of D5S673 include hepatitis A virus receptor (HAVCR-1) and IL-12B. Recently, the mouse orthologue of HAVCR-1, the T-cell membrane family of proteins, have been shown to be in strong association with expression of airway hyperactivity in a mouse model of human asthma and atopy. IL-12B subserves many proinflammatory functions and also induces B cells proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Ahmadi
- Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St Thomas' Hospital, and Molecular Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Rheumatology, GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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43
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Colilla S, Nicolae D, Pluzhnikov A, Blumenthal MN, Beaty TH, Bleecker ER, Lange EM, Rich SS, Meyers DA, Ober C, Cox NJ. Evidence for gene-environment interactions in a linkage study of asthma and smoking exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:840-6. [PMID: 12704367 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2003.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma, a common and chronic disease of the airways, has a multifactorial cause involving both genetic and environmental factors. As a result, mapping genes that influence asthma susceptibility has been challenging. OBJECTIVE This study tests the hypothesis that inclusion of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), a potential risk factor for asthma, would improve the ability to map genes for asthma. METHODS By using 144 white families from the Collaborative Study for the Genetics of Asthma, environmental information about exposure to ETS during infancy was incorporated into a genome-wide multipoint linkage analysis. Statistical significance of observed gene-environment interactions was assessed by means of simulation. RESULTS Three regions with nominal evidence for linkage when stratified on the basis of ETS exposure were identified (P <.01) and showed a significant increase from the baseline lod score (1p at 97 cM, D1S1669-D1S1665; 5q at 135 cM, D5S1505-D5S816; and 9q at 106 cM, D9S910; all P <.05). In addition, 2 other regions, although not meeting nominal significance after stratification on the basis of ETS exposure, showed a significant increase from baseline lod score when ETS was taken into account (1q at 240 cM, D1S549; 17p at 3 cM, D17S1308; all P <.01). CONCLUSION These results illustrate how evidence for linkage of asthma can depend on exposure to an environmental factor, such as ETS. Future linkage analyses should include information on suspected environmental factors for asthma to help target new candidate susceptibility genes for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Colilla
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abstract
Asthma, one of the most common chronic diseases, is a complex and heterogeneous disorder. The results of genome screens for asthma-related traits in 11 different populations identified at least 18 regions of the genome that probably house asthma/atopy genes. The most consistently replicated regions are on chromosomes 2q, 5q, 6p, 12q and 13q. Positional cloning projects are ongoing in laboratories around the world to identify the asthma susceptibility loci in these regions. In addition, many candidate genes have been associated with asthma phenotypes, such as the genes in the IL-4/IL-13 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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45
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Noguchi E, Arinami T. Candidate genes for atopic asthma: current results from genome screens. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGENOMICS : GENOMICS-RELATED RESEARCH IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2002; 1:251-61. [PMID: 12083957 DOI: 10.2165/00129785-200101040-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atopic asthma is one of the most common childhood diseases in developed countries. Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, and airway inflammation. Atopy in childhood is considered the strongest predisposing factor for asthma. The etiology of asthma is complex and is thought to involve the interaction of multiple genes and a variety of environmental factors such as allergens and viral and bacterial infections. To identify genes conferring susceptibility for asthma and atopy, many genome-wide screens for asthma and its associated traits have now been carried out, and genetic linkage has been consistently identified in several regions. Several independent genome-wide screens found regions of linkage with asthma on chromosomes 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 16 and 19, identifying candidate susceptibility genes including FCER1B, the IL-4 gene cluster, TNFalpha, HLA loci and others. However, the evidence for linkage is still only suggestive for most regions. In an effort to clarify the mechanism underlying the development of asthma, further studies utilizing new technologies and data from the Human Genome Project are ongoing. It is hoped that this accumulation of data will lead to improved genetic testing and assist in the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Noguchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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46
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Baldini M, Vercelli D, Martinez FD. CD14: an example of gene by environment interaction in allergic disease. Allergy 2002; 57:188-92. [PMID: 11906331 DOI: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.1r152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Baldini
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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47
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McIntire JJ, Umetsu SE, Akbari O, Potter M, Kuchroo VK, Barsh GS, Freeman GJ, Umetsu DT, DeKruyff RH. Identification of Tapr (an airway hyperreactivity regulatory locus) and the linked Tim gene family. Nat Immunol 2001; 2:1109-16. [PMID: 11725301 DOI: 10.1038/ni739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To simplify the analysis of asthma susceptibility genes located at human chromosome 5q23-35, we examined congenic mice that differed at the homologous chromosomal segment. We identified a Mendelian trait encoded by T cell and Airway Phenotype Regulator (Tapr). Tapr is genetically distinct from known cytokine genes and controls the development of airway hyperreactivity and T cell production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13. Positional cloning identified a gene family that encodes T cell membrane proteins (TIMs); major sequence variants of this gene family (Tim) completely cosegregated with Tapr. The human homolog of TIM-1 is the hepatitis A virus (HAV) receptor, which may explain the inverse relationship between HAV infection and the development of atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J McIntire
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics and the Howard Hughes Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5208, USA
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48
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Abstract
Before Robert Koch's work in the late nineteenth century, diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy were widely believed to be inherited disorders. Heritability of susceptibility to several infectious diseases has been confirmed by studies in the twentieth century. Infectious diseases, old and new, continue to be an important cause of mortality worldwide. A greater understanding of disease processes is needed if more effective therapies and more useful vaccines are to be produced. As part of this effort, developments in genetics have allowed a more systematic study of the impact that the human genome and infectious disease have on each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Cooke
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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49
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Linkages and associations to intermediate phenotypes underlying asthma and allergic disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2001. [DOI: 10.1097/00130832-200110000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Walley AJ, Chavanas S, Moffatt MF, Esnouf RM, Ubhi B, Lawrence R, Wong K, Abecasis GR, Jones EY, Harper JI, Hovnanian A, Cookson WO. Gene polymorphism in Netherton and common atopic disease. Nat Genet 2001; 29:175-8. [PMID: 11544479 DOI: 10.1038/ng728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma are characterized by IgE-mediated atopic (allergic) responses to common proteins (allergens), many of which are proteinases. Loci influencing atopy have been localized to a number of chromosomal regions, including the chromosome 5q31 cytokine cluster. Netherton disease is a rare recessive skin disorder in which atopy is a universal accompaniment. The gene underlying Netherton disease (SPINK5) encodes a 15-domain serine proteinase inhibitor (LEKTI) which is expressed in epithelial and mucosal surfaces and in the thymus. We have identified six coding polymorphisms in SPINK5 (Table 1) and found that a Glu420-->Lys variant shows significant association with atopy and AD in two independent panels of families. Our results implicate a previously unrecognized pathway for the development of common allergic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Walley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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