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Tan SC, Rajendran R, Bhattamisra SK, Krishnappa P, Davamani F, Chitra E, Ambu S, Furman B, Candasamy M. Protective effects of madecassoside, a triterpenoid from Centella asiatica, against oxidative stress in INS-1E cells. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38340357 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2315499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Progressive decline in β cell function and reduction in the β cell mass is important in type 2 diabetes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that madecassoside's previously demonstrated in vivo protective effects on the β cell in experimental diabetes were exerted directly. We investigated the effects of madecassoside in protecting a β cell line (INS-1E) against a variety of agents. INS-1E cells were treated with madecassoside in the presence of high glucose (HG), a cytokine mixture, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or streptozotocin (STZ). HG, the cytokine mixture, H2O2 and STZ each produced a significant decrease in cell viability; this was significantly reversed by madecassoside. Pre-treatment with madecassoside reduced the number of apoptotic cells induced by HG, the cytokine mixture, H2O2, and STZ, and concentration-dependently reduced ROS production. Madecassoside also significantly enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion. The results suggest that madecassoside's in vivo effects are exerted directly on the β cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Ching Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramkumar Rajendran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Purushotham Krishnappa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fabian Davamani
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ebenezer Chitra
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Ambu
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brian Furman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules & Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Haghshenas R, Aftabi Y, Doaei S, Gholamalizadeh M. Synergistic effect of endurance training and nettle leaf extract on the IDO1-KYN-AHR pathway homeostasis and inhibiting of liver toxicity in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1071424. [PMID: 37305057 PMCID: PMC10251405 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1071424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes adversely affects a number of hepatic molecular pathways, including the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. KYN is produced by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). This study evaluated the effect of endurance training (EndTr) and nettle leaf extract (NLE) on the IDO1-KYN-AHR pathway in the livers of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Methods We divided 48 rats into six groups: controls (Ct), treated with EndTr (EndTr), diabetes-induced (D), D treated with NLE (D + NLE), D treated with EndTr (D + EnTr), and D treated with EndTr and NLE (D + EndTr + NLE). EndTr, D + EnTr, and D + EndTr + NLE groups were subjected to training with running on treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 days per week, 25 min in first session to 59 min at last session with intensity of 55% to 65% VO2max. Using real-time PCR gene (Ahr, Cyp1a1, and Ido1) expressions and ELISA, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein (IDO1, AHR, and CYP1A1) levels were determined in the liver samples. Results A significant three-way interaction of exercise, nettle, and diabetes was observed on the all variables (P< 0.001). In particular, significant increases in blood glucose level (BGL), in gene and protein expression, and in MDA and KYN levels were observed in the liver samples of the D group versus the Ct group (P< 0.05). BGL and liver MDA levels were significantly lower in the D + EndTr and D + NLE groups than that in the D group. However, the D + EndTr + NLE group showed a more significant decrease in these factors (P< 0.05). In addition, liver KYN levels were significantly lower in the EndTr group compared with that in the Ct group as well as in the D + EndTr + NLE and D + EndTr groups compared with that in the D groups (P< 0.05). Whereas both the EndTr and D + NLE groups showed lower Ahr expression and AHR level compared with the Ct and D groups, respectively (P< 0.05), the D + EndTr + NLE group showed a higher significant reduction in the AHR level than the D group (P< 0.05). The Cyp1a1 expression and IDO1 level significantly decreased only in the D + EndTr + NLE group compared to that in the D group (P< 0.05). Conclusion Overall, this study showed that the combination of EndTr and NLE may synergistically restore the imbalanced IDO1-KYN-AHR pathway in diabetic liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Haghshenas
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Younes Aftabi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saied Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pancreatic Transdifferentiation Using β-Cell Transcription Factors for Type 1 Diabetes Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142145. [PMID: 35883588 PMCID: PMC9315695 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness in which the native beta (β)-cell population responsible for insulin release has been the subject of autoimmune destruction. This condition requires patients to frequently measure their blood glucose concentration and administer multiple daily exogenous insulin injections accordingly. Current treatments fail to effectively treat the disease without significant side effects, and this has led to the exploration of different approaches for its treatment. Gene therapy and the use of viral vectors has been explored extensively and has been successful in treating a range of diseases. The use of viral vectors to deliver β-cell transcription factors has been researched in the context of type 1 diabetes to induce the pancreatic transdifferentiation of cells to replace the β-cell population destroyed in patients. Studies have used various combinations of pancreatic and β-cell transcription factors in order to induce pancreatic transdifferentiation and have achieved varying levels of success. This review will outline why pancreatic transcription factors have been utilised and how their application can allow the development of insulin-producing cells from non β-cells and potentially act as a cure for type 1 diabetes.
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Lee D, Choi P, Hwang BS, Kim T, Kim Y, Kim JC, Song JH, Park JS, Hwang GS, Yamabe N, Kang KS, Ham J. Protective effect of hypoxylonol C and 4,5,4',5'-tetrahydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl isolated from Annulohypoxylon annulatum against streptozotocin-induced damage in INS-1 cells. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103053. [PMID: 31220671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the protective effects of hypoxylonol C and 4,5,4',5'-tetrahydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl (BNT) isolated from Annulohypoxylon annulatum on pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, using the β-cell toxin streptozotocin (STZ). Hypoxylonol C and BNT restored the STZ-induced decrease in INS-1 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment of INS-1 cells with 50 μM STZ resulted in an increase in apoptotic cell death, which was observed as annexin V fluorescence intensity. Apoptotic cell death was decreased by co-treatment with 100 μM hypoxylonol C and 100 μM BNT. Similarly, STZ caused a marked increase in the expression of cleaved caspase-8, caspase-3, Bax, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), as well as a decrease in the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), which was reversed by co-treatment with 100 μM hypoxylonol C and 100 μM BNT. These findings suggest that hypoxylonol C and BNT play an important role in protecting pancreatic β-cells against apoptotic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilju Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Buyng Su Hwang
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejung Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Song
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sik Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Seo Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Noriko Yamabe
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungyeob Ham
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Mei H, Shan W, Shi L, Chang X, Zhu Y, Chen F, Han X. Lentinan protects pancreatic β cells from STZ-induced damage. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1803-12. [PMID: 27444655 PMCID: PMC5020630 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β‐cell death or dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress underlies the development and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we evaluated the effect of lentinan (LNT), an active ingredient purified from the bodies of Lentinus edodes, on pancreatic β‐cell apoptosis and dysfunction caused by streptozotocin (STZ) and the possible mechanisms implicated. The rat insulinoma cell line INS‐1 were pre‐treated with the indicated concentration of LNT for 30 min. and then incubated for 24 hrs with or without 0.5 mM STZ. We found that STZ treatment causes apoptosis of INS‐1 cells by enhancement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide release and activation of the c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. However, LNT significantly increased cell viability and effectively attenuated STZ‐induced ROS production, iNOS expression and nitric oxide release and the activation of JNK and p38 MAPK in a dose‐dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, LNT dose‐dependently prevented STZ‐induced inhibition of insulin synthesis by blocking the activation of nuclear factor kappa beta and increasing the level of Pdx‐1 in INS‐1 cells. Together these findings suggest that LNT could protect against pancreatic β‐cell apoptosis and dysfunction caused by STZ and therefore may be a potential pharmacological agent for preventing pancreatic β‐cell damage caused by oxidative stress associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongliang Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Raza H, John A. Streptozotocin-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:5751-5767. [PMID: 22754329 PMCID: PMC3382802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) is an antibiotic often used in the treatment of different types of cancers. It is also highly cytotoxic to the pancreatic beta-cells and therefore is commonly used to induce experimental type 1 diabetes in rodents. Resistance towards STZ-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells has also been reported. Our previous studies have reported organ-specific toxicity and metabolic alterations in STZ-induced diabetic rats. STZ induces oxidative stress and metabolic complications. The precise molecular mechanism of STZ-induced toxicity in different tissues and carcinomas is, however, unclear. We have, therefore, investigated the mechanism of cytotoxicity of STZ in HepG2 hepatoma cells in culture. Cells were treated with different doses of STZ for various time intervals and the cytotoxicity was studied by observing the alterations in oxidative stress, mitochondrial redox and metabolic functions. STZ induced ROS and RNS formation and oxidative stress as measured by an increase in the lipid peroxidation as well as alterations in the GSH-dependent antioxidant metabolism. The mitochondria appear to be a highly sensitive target for STZ toxicity. The mitochondrial membrane potential and enzyme activities were altered in STZ treated cells resulting in the inhibition of ATP synthesis. ROS-sensitive mitochondrial aconitase activity was markedly inhibited suggesting increased oxidative stress in STZ-induced mitochondrial toxicity. These results suggest that STZ-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells is mediated, at least in part, by the increase in ROS/RNS production, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our study may be significant for better understanding the mechanisms of STZ action in chemotherapy and drug induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Raza
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +971-3-7137506; Fax: +971-3-7672033
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Liu HK, McCluskey JT, McClenghan NH, Flatt PR. Streptozotocin-resistant BRIN-BD11 cells possess wide spectrum of toxin tolerance and enhanced insulin-secretory capacity. Endocrine 2007; 32:20-9. [PMID: 17992598 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-007-9000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since streptozotocin (STZ) exhibits beta-cell toxicity, mediated through diverse mechanisms, multiple toxin resistance can be expected in insulin-secretory cells rendered STZ-resistant. RINm5F, but not all cell lines surviving STZ treatment, possess higher insulin content than native parental cells and additional tolerance against alloxan. To understand the impact of STZ tolerant cell selection on toxin resistance and insulin-secretory function, STZ-resistant BRIN-BD11 cells were generated by iterative acute exposure to 20 mM STZ. These cells, denoted BRINst cells, exhibited resistance to toxic challenges from STZ, H(2)O(2), and ninhydrin. Insulin content and both glucose and arginine-stimulated insulin secretion were significantly enhanced in BRINst cells. The toxin-resistance of BRINst cells was gradually lost during continuous cultivation without STZ challenge. However, enhanced insulin secretory capacity at high passage in BRINst cells persisted. Although total SOD activity was decreased, catalase activity was increased and appeared to be important for the ninhydrin and STZ resistance of BRINst cells. This was associated with reductions of both STZ- and ninhydrin-induced DNA damage, although DNA repair was abolished. Further characterization of cells exhibiting multiple toxin tolerance and an enhanced insulin secretory function could provide useful lessons for understanding of beta-cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Kang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Tabiin MT, Tuch BE, Bai L, Han XG, Simpson AM. Susceptibility of insulin-secreting hepatocytes to the toxicity of pro-inflammatory cytokines. J Autoimmun 2001; 17:229-42. [PMID: 11712861 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.2001.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The liver has been suggested as a suitable target organ for reversing type I diabetes by gene therapy. Whilst gene delivery systems to the hepatocyte have yet to be optimized in vivo, whether insulin-secreting hepatocytes are resistant to the autoimmune process that kills pancreatic beta-cells has never been addressed. One of the mechanisms by which beta-cells are killed in type I diabetes is by the release of the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by immune cells. To test the effect of the cytokines on insulin-secreting hepatocytes in vitro we exposed the betacyte, also called the HEP G2ins/g cell which possesses cytokine receptors and can synthesize, store and secrete insulin in a regulated fashion to a glucose stimulus, to the above mentioned cytokines for 14 days. Viability of the HEP G2ins/g cells was similar to that of other liver cell lines/primary cells which were more resistant to the cytokines than the beta-cell line NIT-1. The cytokines had no adverse effect for the first six days on insulin secretion, content and mRNA levels of the HEP G2ins/g cells and insulin secretion in response to 1-h exposure to 20 mM glucose was enhanced 14-fold. Our results indicate that genetically engineered hepatocytes and primary liver cells are more resistant than pancreatic beta-cells to the adverse effects of cytokines offering hope that insulin secreting hepatocytes in vivo made by gene therapy are less likely to be destroyed by cytokines released during autoimmune destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Tabiin
- Diabetes Transplant Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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