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Fionah A, Oluk I, Brady L, Byrne DM, Escobar IC. Performance and Environmental Assessment of Biochar-Based Membranes Synthesized from Traditional and Eco-Friendly Solvents. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:153. [PMID: 39057661 PMCID: PMC11279014 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14070153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Water contamination resulting from coal spills is one of the largest environmental problems affecting communities in the Appalachia Region of the United States. This coal slurry contains potentially toxic substances, such as hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and coal cleaning chemicals, and its leakage into water bodies (lakes, rivers, and aquifers) can lead to adverse health effects not only for freshwater bodies and plant life but also for humans. This study focused on two major experiments. The first experiment involved the use of biochar to create a biochar-polysulfone (BC-PSf) flat-sheet multifunctional membrane to remove organic contaminants, and the other major experiment compared eco-friendly (gamma-valerolactone-GVL; Rhodiasolv® PolarClean-PC) and petroleum-derived solvents (i.e., N-methyl-pyrrolidone-NMP) in the fabrication of the biochar-polysulfone membranes. The resulting membranes were tested for their efficiency in removing both positively and negatively charged organic contaminants from the collected water at varying pH values. A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) with accompanying uncertainty and sensitivity analyses was carried out to understand the global environmental impacts of incorporating biochar, NMP, GVL, and PC in the synthesis of PSf/NMP, BC-PSf/NMP, PSf/GVL, BC-PSf/GVL, PSf/PC, and BC-PSf/PC membranes at a set surface area of 1000 m2. The results showed that the addition of biochar to the membrane matrix increased the surface area of the membranes and improved both their adsorptive and mechanical properties. The membranes with biochar incorporated in their matrix showed a higher potential for contaminant removal than those without biochar. The environmental impacts normalized to the BC-PSf/GVL membrane showed that the addition of biochar increased global warming impacts, eutrophication, and respiratory impacts by over 100% in all the membrane configurations with biochar. The environmental impacts were highly sensitive to biochar addition (Spearman's coefficient > 0.8). The BC/PSf membrane with Rhodiasolv® PolarClean had the lowest associated global environmental impacts among all the membranes with biochar. Ultimately, this study highlighted potential tradeoffs between functional performance and global environmental impacts regarding choices for membrane fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelline Fionah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Isaac Oluk
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (I.O.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Laura Brady
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Diana M. Byrne
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; (I.O.); (D.M.B.)
| | - Isabel C. Escobar
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
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2
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Miklavčič R, Megušar P, Kodermac ŠM, Bakalar B, Dolenc D, Sekirnik R, Štrancar A, Černigoj U. High Recovery Chromatographic Purification of mRNA at Room Temperature and Neutral pH. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14267. [PMID: 37762568 PMCID: PMC10532270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is becoming an increasingly important therapeutic modality due to its potential for fast development and platform production. New emerging RNA modalities, such as circular RNA, drive the need for the development of non-affinity purification approaches. Recently, the highly efficient chromatographic purification of mRNA was demonstrated with multimodal monolithic chromatography media (CIM® PrimaS), where efficient mRNA elution was achieved with an ascending pH gradient approach at pH 10.5. Here, we report that a newly developed chromatographic material enables the elution of mRNA at neutral pH and room temperature. This material demonstrates weak anion-exchanging properties and an isoelectric point of 5.3. It enables the baseline separation of mRNA (at least up to 10,000 nucleotides (nt) in size) from parental plasmid DNA (regardless of isoform composition) with both a NaCl gradient and ascending pH gradient approach, while mRNA elution is achieved in a pH range of 5-7. In addition, the basic structure of the novel material is a chromatographic monolith, enabling convection-assisted mass transfer of large RNA molecules to and from the active surface. This facilitates the elution of mRNA in 3-7 column volumes with more than 80% elution recovery and uncompromised integrity. This is demonstrated by the purification of a model mRNA (size 995 nt) from an in vitro transcription reaction mixture. The purified mRNA is stable for at least 34 days, stored in purified H2O at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Miklavčič
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Mirce 21, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Megušar
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Mirce 21, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | | | - Blaž Bakalar
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Mirce 21, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Darko Dolenc
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Mirce 21, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Rok Sekirnik
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Mirce 21, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Štrancar
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Mirce 21, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
| | - Urh Černigoj
- Sartorius BIA Separations d.o.o., Mirce 21, 5270 Ajdovščina, Slovenia
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3
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Fionah A, McLarney K, Judd A, Escobar IC. Effects of the Applied Potential on the Performance of Polysulfone Membranes Functionalized with Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone Polymers. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:675. [PMID: 37505041 PMCID: PMC10386516 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The global water crisis growth has led to a tremendous increase in membrane technology research. Membranes are favored over many other technologies for water treatment because, in principle, they require no chemical additives and can be used isothermally at low temperatures. Membranes that can reject contaminants and salts, produce adequate permeate flux values, and require minimal cleaning are highly demanded. However, most synthesized membranes on the market have associated problems, such as membrane fouling; inverse relationships between flux and solute rejection; and the high cost of synthesis, operation, and maintenance. Therefore, there is a continuied need to produce membranes with properties that make them able to sustain flux and selectivity over time. This research study focused on increasing the surface charge and hydrophilicity of polysulfone (PSf) membranes by incorporating sulfonate-functionalized poly-ether-ether-ketone (SPEEK) into PSf/N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (PSf/NMP) membranes. The sulfonation of the PEEK provided a net increase in negative charge on the surface of the membranes that enabled charge repulsion to take place, thus increasing the rejection of ions. In this project, the effect of the applied potential on the performance of SPEEK: PSf/NMP membranes was evaluated. The characterization of the as-synthesized membranes was carried out using the surface's structure and morphology, contact angle, and zeta potential. Furthermore, a voltage of 1.5 V was applied to the membranes in the presence of various salts (sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and potassium chloride salts) to evaluate the effects of the applied potential on solute rejection. It was found that both the permeability and the selectivity of the membranes increased when the voltage was applied. The obtained results indicate that incorporating SPEEK into PSf/NMP membranes increased the hydrophilicity of the membranes, and under the applied voltage, the incorporation allowed it to function as an electrodialysis process that is capable of removing ions from water bodies by utilizing the charge repulsion of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelline Fionah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kate McLarney
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Aviana Judd
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Isabel C Escobar
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Pérez MÁ, Gallego S, Palacio L, Hernández A, Prádanos P, Carmona FJ. Saline Retention and Permeability of Nanofiltration Membranes Versus Resistance and Capacitance as Obtained from Impedance Spectroscopy under a Concentration Gradient. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:608. [PMID: 37367812 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy has been widely used for the study of the electrical properties of membranes for their characterization. The most common use of this technique is the measure of the conductivity of different electrolyte solutions to study the behavior and movement of electrically charged particles inside the pores of membranes. The objective of this investigation was to observe if there is a relation present between the retention that a nanofiltration membrane possesses to certain electrolytic solutions (NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, and Na2SO4) and the parameters that are obtained through IS measurements of the active layer of the membrane. To achieve our objective, different characterization techniques were performed to obtain the permeability, retention, and zeta potential values of a Desal-HL nanofiltration membrane. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed when a gradient concentration was present between both sides of the membrane to study the variation that the electrical parameters had with the time evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel-Ángel Pérez
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gallego
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Laura Palacio
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pedro Prádanos
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Carmona
- Grupo de Superficies y Materiales Porosos, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Russell WS, Siwy Z. Enhanced electro-osmosis in propylene carbonate salt solutions. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:134707. [PMID: 33832242 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Properties of solid-liquid interfaces and surface charge characteristics mediate ionic and molecular transport through porous systems, affecting many processes such as separations. Herein, we report experiments designed to probe the electrochemical properties of solid-liquid interfaces using a model system of a single polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pore in contact with aqueous and propylene carbonate solutions of LiClO4. First, the existence and polarity of surface charges were inferred from current-voltage curves recorded when a pore was placed in contact with a LiClO4 concentration gradient. Second, the electro-osmotic transport of uncharged polystyrene particles through the PET pore provided information on the polarity and the magnitude of the pore walls' zeta potential. Our experiments show that the PET pores become effectively positively charged when in contact with LiClO4 solutions in propylene carbonate, even though in aqueous LiClO4, the same pores are negatively charged. Additionally, the electro-osmotic velocity of the particles revealed a significantly higher magnitude of the positive zeta potential of the pores in propylene carbonate compared to the magnitude of the negative zeta potential in water. The presented methods of probing the properties of solid-liquid interfaces are expected to be applicable to a wide variety of solid and liquid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuzanna Siwy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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6
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Ryzhkov II, Shchurkina MA, Mikhlina EV, Simunin MM, Nemtsev IV. Switchable ionic selectivity of membranes with electrically conductive surface: Theory and experiment. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Kotyńska J, Naumowicz M. Effect of Selected Anionic and Cationic Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System on Electrical Properties of Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes: Experiment and Theory. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052270. [PMID: 33668791 PMCID: PMC7956533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between phospholipid membranes and selected drugs affecting the central nervous system (CNS) were investigated. Small, unilamellar liposomes were used as biomimetic cell membrane models. Microelectrophoretic experiments on two-component liposomes were performed using the electrophoretic light scattering technique (ELS). The effect of both positively (perphenazine, PF) and negatively (barbituric acid, BA) charged drugs on zwitterionic L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes were analyzed. Experimental membrane surface charge density (δ) data were determined as a function of pH. Quantitative descriptions of the adsorption equilibria formed due to the binding of solution ions to analyzed two-component membranes are presented. Binding constants of the solution ions with perphenazine and barbituric acid-modified membranes were determined. The results of our research show that both charged drugs change surface charge density values of phosphatidylcholine membranes. It can be concluded that perphenazine and barbituric acid are located near the membrane surface, interacting electrostatically with phosphatidylcholine polar heads.
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8
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High-Pressure Homogenization Pre-Treatment Improved Functional Properties of Oyster Protein Isolate Hydrolysates. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123344. [PMID: 30563010 PMCID: PMC6321599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of HPH (high-pressure homogenization) pre-treatment on the functional properties of OPIH (oyster protein isolates hydrolysates) were studied. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles, solubility, particle size distribution, zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying activity index and microstructure of emulsions were analyzed. Results indicated that HPH pre-treatment increased the accessibility of OPI to trypsin hydrolysis, resulting in decease in particle size, increase in solubility, absolute zeta potential, surface hydrophobicity and emulsifying activity index. In addition, HPH pre-treated OPIH emulsions became more uniform and the particle size of droplets decreased. These results revealed that HPH pre-treatment has the potential to modify the functional properties of OPIH.
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9
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Yu C, Cha Y, Wu F, Xu X, Du M. Effects of Limited Hydrolysis and High-Pressure Homogenization on Functional Properties of Oyster Protein Isolates. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040729. [PMID: 29565324 PMCID: PMC6017953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of limited hydrolysis and/or high-pressure homogenization (HPH) treatment in acid conditions on the functional properties of oyster protein isolates (OPI) were studied. Protein solubility, surface hydrophobicity, particle size distribution, zeta potential, foaming, and emulsifying properties were evaluated. The results showed that acid treatment led to the dissociation and unfolding of OPI. Subsequent treatment such as limited proteolysis, HPH, and their combination remarkably improved the functional properties of OPI. Acid treatment produced flexible aggregates, as well as reduced particle size and solubility. On the contrary, limited hydrolysis increased the solubility of OPI. Furthermore, HPH enhanced the effectiveness of the above treatments. The emulsifying and foaming properties of acid- or hydrolysis-treated OPI significantly improved. In conclusion, a combination of acid treatment, limited proteolysis, and HPH improved the functional properties of OPI. The improvements in the functional properties of OPI could potentiate the use of oyster protein and its hydrolysates in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Yue Cha
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Xianbing Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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10
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Díaz DR, Carmona FJ, Palacio L, Ochoa NA, Hernández A, Prádanos P. Impedance spectroscopy and membrane potential analysis of microfiltration membranes. The influence of surface fractality. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Sobolev VD, Filippov AN, Vorob’eva TA, Sergeeva IP. Determination of the surface potential for hollow-fiber membranes by the streaming-potential method. COLLOID JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x17050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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He Z, Kasemset S, Kirschner AY, Cheng YH, Paul DR, Freeman BD. The effects of salt concentration and foulant surface charge on hydrocarbon fouling of a poly(vinylidene fluoride) microfiltration membrane. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 117:230-241. [PMID: 28412584 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of inorganic salts and organic hydrocarbons on membrane fouling are often investigated independently. However, in many cases, these foulants are commonly found together, and such mixtures are rarely the subject of fouling studies. In this study, crude oil-in-water emulsions were formulated at three different added NaCl concentrations, 0, 10-3 and 10-1 M. Surface properties, such as surface tension and surface charge, of these emulsions and a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) microfiltration (MF) membrane were characterized. The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) model was utilized to simulate membrane-oil droplet and oil layer-oil droplet surface interactions. The DLVO model qualitatively predicted increasing fouling propensity with increasing emulsion salt concentration. The PVDF MF membrane was challenged with crude oil-in-water emulsions in constant permeate flux crossflow fouling tests to characterize the fouling propensity of the various emulsions, and the results were consistent with the model predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwang He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road Building 133, Austin, TX 78758, United States
| | - Sirirat Kasemset
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road Building 133, Austin, TX 78758, United States
| | - Alon Y Kirschner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road Building 133, Austin, TX 78758, United States
| | - Yu-Heng Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road Building 133, Austin, TX 78758, United States
| | - Donald R Paul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road Building 133, Austin, TX 78758, United States
| | - Benny D Freeman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road Building 133, Austin, TX 78758, United States.
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He Z, Miller DJ, Kasemset S, Wang L, Paul DR, Freeman BD. Fouling propensity of a poly(vinylidene fluoride) microfiltration membrane to several model oil/water emulsions. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Cheng X, Li N, Zhu M, Zhang L, Deng Y, Deng C. Positively charged microporous ceramic membrane for the removal of Titan Yellow through electrostatic adsorption. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 44:204-212. [PMID: 27266317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To develop a depth filter based on the electrostatic adsorption principle, positively charged microporous ceramic membrane was prepared from a diatomaceous earth ceramic membrane. The internal surface of the highly porous ceramic membrane was coated with uniformly distributed electropositive nano-Y2O3 coating. The dye removal performance was evaluated through pressurized filtration tests using Titan Yellow aqueous solution. It showed that positively charged microporous ceramic membrane exhibited a flow rate of 421L/(m(2)·hr) under the trans-membrane pressure of 0.03bar. Moreover it could effectively remove Titan Yellow with feed concentration of 10mg/L between pH3 to 8. The removal rate increased with the enhancement of the surface charge properties with a maximum rejection of 99.6%. This study provides a new and feasible method of removing organic dyes in wastewater. It is convinced that there will be a broad market for the application of charged ceramic membrane in the field of dye removal or recovery from industry wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Cheng
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mengfu Zhu
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Yu Deng
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Institute of Medical Equipment, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300161, China.
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15
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Qiu YR, Qi J. Electrokinetic characterization of poly(vinyl butyral) hollow fiber membranes by streaming potential and electroviscous effect. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Silva V, Martín Á, Martínez F, Malfeito J, Prádanos P, Palacio L, Hernández A. Electrical characterization of NF membranes. A modified model with charge variation along the pores. Chem Eng Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Yaroshchuk A, Boiko Y, Makovetskiy A. Ion-rejection, electrokinetic and electrochemical properties of a nanoporous track-etched membrane and their interpretation by means of space charge model. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9605-14. [PMID: 19585984 DOI: 10.1021/la900737q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to their straight cylindrical pores, nanoporous track-etched membranes are suitable materials for studies of the fundamentals of nanofluidics. In contrast to single nanochannels, the nano/micro interface, in this case, can be quantitatively considered within the scope of macroscopically 1D models. The pressure-induced changes in the concentration of dilute KCl solutions (salt rejection phenomenon) have been studied experimentally with a commercially available nanoporous track-etched membrane of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (pore diameter ca. 21 nm). Besides that, we have also studied the concomitant stationary transmembrane electrical phenomenon (filtration potential) and carried out time-resolved measurements of the electrical response to a rapid pressure switch-off (within 5-10 ms). The latter has enabled us to split the filtration potential into the streaming potential and membrane potential components. In this way, we could also confirm that the observed nonlinearity of filtration potential, as a function of the transmembrane volume flow, was primarily caused by the salt rejection. The results of experimental measurements have been interpreted by means of a space charge model with the surface charge density being a single fitting parameter (the pore size was estimated from the membrane hydraulic permeability). By using the surface charge density fitted to the salt rejection data, the results of electrical measurements could be reproduced theoretically with a typical accuracy of 10% or better. Taking into account the simplifications made in the modeling, this accuracy appears to be good and confirms the quantitative applicability of the basic concept of space charge model to the description of transport properties of dilute electrolyte solutions in nanochannels of ca. 20 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Yaroshchuk
- ICREA and Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Zhang Q, Fan Y, Xu N. Effect of the surface properties on filtration performance of Al2O3–TiO2 composite membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alkafeef SF, Alajmi AF. The electrical conductivity and surface conduction of consolidated rock cores. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 309:253-61. [PMID: 17346731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2007] [Accepted: 02/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A fully computerized high-pressure and high-temperature core holder device is simultaneously used to determine the electrical conductivity, zeta potential, and surface conductivity of consolidated rock cores in aqueous and nonaqueous systems. The total electrical conductivity of rock cores was determined by coupling streaming current and potential measurements. This shows that neglecting the surface conductivity Ksigma is crucial to converting the streaming potential into zeta potentials. It is observed that plots of the core total conductivity as a function of the electrolyte conductivity KL exhibit two behaviors. At low ionic strength, the core conductivity clearly depends on the contribution of surface conductivity behind the slip plane, whereas at higher ionic strength, the magnitude of the surface conductivity becomes negligible. The electrical conductivity of rock cores was found to be in good agreement with the O'Brien theory and the Briggs method. The contribution of the stagnant layer to the surface conductivity in nonaqueous systems has been shown to be significant. This shows that the stagnant layer displays significantly different behavior in different nonaqueous systems, depending on the core porosity and the double-layer overlap. The results indicate that the application of electrokinetics in petroleum reservoirs can provide important insights into reservoir fluid flow characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad F Alkafeef
- Petrophysics and Surface Chemistry Research Laboratory, Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Technological Studies, P.O. Box 32, Hadyia 52851, Kuwait.
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20
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Chen Y, Xiangli F, Jin W, Xu N. Streaming potential characterization of LBL membranes on porous ceramic supports. AIChE J 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Theoretical calculation on the membrane potential of charged porous membranes in 1-1, 1-2, 2-1 and 2-2 electrolyte solutions. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Alkafeef SF, Alajmi AF. Streaming potentials and conductivities of reservoir rock cores in aqueous and non-aqueous liquids. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Lu F, How TY, Kwok DY. An improved method for determining zeta potential and pore conductivity of porous materials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 299:972-6. [PMID: 16631186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An improved method based on streaming potential and streaming current was proposed to determine zeta potential and surface conductance of porous material simultaneously. In the electrokinetic generation mode, a resistor is connected to the generator and by measuring the voltage drop across resistors with different resistance, a true streaming current can be determined. The zeta potential and surface conductivity can be obtained simultaneously from their relation to streaming potential and streaming current. The electrode and ion concentration polarization effects during the measurement were also discussed. The resistance from channel ends to electrodes, which has typically been ignored in the literature, was shown to have a significant influence on the calculated zeta potential and surface conductance. Ignorance of this resistance would lead to underestimation of both zeta potential and surface conductance values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhi Lu
- Nanoscale Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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24
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Heister K, Kleingeld PJ, Gustav Loch JP. Quantifying the effect of membrane potential in chemical osmosis across bentonite membranes by virtual short-circuiting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 286:294-302. [PMID: 15848431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clay liners are charged membranes and show semipermeable behavior regarding the flow of fluids, electrical charge, chemicals and heat. At zero gradients of temperature and hydrostatic pressure, a salt concentration gradient across a compacted clay sample induces not only an osmotic flux of water and diffusion of salt across the membrane but also an electrical potential gradient, defined as membrane potential. Laboratory experiments were performed on commercially available bentonite samples in a rigid-wall permeameter connected to two electrically insulated fluid reservoirs filled with NaCl solutions of different concentrations and equipped with Ag/AgCl electrodes to measure the electrical potential gradient. The effect of membrane potential could be cancelled out by short-circuiting the clay with the so-called virtual shortcut. The potential gradient across the sample is brought to zero with a negative feedback circuit. It was observed that the water flux and the diffusion of Cl- were hindered by the occurrence of a membrane potential, indicating that an electroosmotic counterflow is induced. Flow parameters were calculated with modified coupled flow equations of irreversible thermodynamics. They were in excellent agreement with values reported in the literature. Comparing the method of short-circuiting with a study elsewhere, where the electrodes were physically short-circuited, it was shown that the virtual shortcut is more appropriate because physically short-circuiting induces additional effects that are attributed to the fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Heister
- Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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25
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Chun MS, Park WC. Time evolution of electrokinetic flow-induced streaming potential and flux in dead-end and cross-flow filtration of colloids through nanopores. J Memb Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Preparation and characterization of NASICON–ZnAl2O4-based ultrafiltration membranes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Yang J, Grundke K, Bellmann C, Michel S, Kostiuk LW, Kwok DY. Oscillating Streaming Potential and Electro-osmosis of Multilayer Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0359485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karina Grundke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cornelia Bellmann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Michel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Larry W. Kostiuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Y. Kwok
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G8, Canada T6G, and Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden, Hohe Strausse 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
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28
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Preparation of Ni Nanodot and Nanowire Arrays Using Porous Alumina on Silicon as a Template Without a Conductive Interlayer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1149/1.1676113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Szymczyk A, Fievet P, Foissy A. Electrokinetic characterization of porous plugs from streaming potential coupled with electrical resistance measurements. J Colloid Interface Sci 2002; 255:323-31. [PMID: 12505080 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2002.8591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The zeta potential of mixed nickel-iron oxide particles is evaluated by a new laboratory instrument. This latter allows the measurement of streaming potential together with the electrical resistance of porous plugs. The conductivity of electrolyte inside plug (pore conductivity) is deduced from electrical resistance measurements and is used together with streaming potential to evaluate the zeta potential by accounting for the surface conduction phenomenon. It is shown that neglecting the surface conduction phenomenon leads to a substantial underestimation of the zeta potential. The coupled measurements of streaming potential and plug electrical resistance yield zeta potential values that are in very good agreement with those obtained by electrophoresis. The densification of the porous plug with increasing pressure increments is put in evidence by the decrease in measured streaming potentials. Electrical resistance measurements make it possible to account for the increase in surface conductivity resulting from the more compacted structure of the plug. By doing so, the calculated zeta potential is found to be virtually independent of the pressure difference involved in streaming potential experiments, whereas the negligence of surface conduction phenomenon leads to a decrease in the apparent zeta potential with increasing pressure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szymczyk
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux et Interfaces, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon cedex, France.
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30
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Fievet P, Szymczyk A. Caractérisation des propriétés électriques des parois de pores d’une membrane. CR CHIM 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1631-0748(02)01413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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