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You Y, Kong H, Li C, Gu Z, Ban X, Li Z. Carbohydrate binding modules: Compact yet potent accessories in the specific substrate binding and performance evolution of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108365. [PMID: 38677391 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) are independent non-catalytic domains widely found in carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and they play an essential role in the substrate binding process of CAZymes by guiding the appended catalytic modules to the target substrates. Owing to their precise recognition and selective affinity for different substrates, CBMs have received increasing research attention over the past few decades. To date, CBMs from different origins have formed a large number of families that show a variety of substrate types, structural features, and ligand recognition mechanisms. Moreover, through the modification of specific sites of CBMs and the fusion of heterologous CBMs with catalytic domains, improved enzymatic properties and catalytic patterns of numerous CAZymes have been achieved. Based on cutting-edge technologies in computational biology, gene editing, and protein engineering, CBMs as auxiliary components have become portable and efficient tools for the evolution and application of CAZymes. With the aim to provide a theoretical reference for the functional research, rational design, and targeted utilization of novel CBMs in the future, we systematically reviewed the function-related characteristics and potentials of CAZyme-derived CBMs in this review, including substrate recognition and binding mechanisms, non-catalytic contributions to enzyme performances, module modifications, and innovative applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian You
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Haocun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Yixing Institute of Food and Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing 214200, China.
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2
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Clark ND, Pham C, Kurniyati K, Sze CW, Coleman L, Fu Q, Zhang S, Malkowski MG, Li C. Functional and structural analyses reveal that a dual domain sialidase protects bacteria from complement killing through desialylation of complement factors. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011674. [PMID: 37747935 PMCID: PMC10553830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is the first line of innate immune defense against microbial infections. To survive in humans and cause infections, bacterial pathogens have developed sophisticated mechanisms to subvert the complement-mediated bactericidal activity. There are reports that sialidases, also known as neuraminidases, are implicated in bacterial complement resistance; however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Several complement proteins (e.g., C1q, C4, and C5) and regulators (e.g., factor H and C4bp) are modified by various sialoglycans (glycans with terminal sialic acids), which are essential for their functions. This report provides both functional and structural evidence that bacterial sialidases can disarm the complement system via desialylating key complement proteins and regulators. The oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, a "keystone" pathogen of periodontitis, produces a dual domain sialidase (PG0352). Biochemical analyses reveal that PG0352 can desialylate human serum and complement factors and thus protect bacteria from serum killing. Structural analyses show that PG0352 contains a N-terminal carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and a C-terminal sialidase domain that exhibits a canonical six-bladed β-propeller sialidase fold with each blade composed of 3-4 antiparallel β-strands. Follow-up functional studies show that PG0352 forms monomers and is active in a broad range of pH. While PG0352 can remove both N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), it has a higher affinity to Neu5Ac, the most abundant sialic acid in humans. Structural and functional analyses further demonstrate that the CBM binds to carbohydrates and serum glycoproteins. The results shown in this report provide new insights into understanding the role of sialidases in bacterial virulence and open a new avenue to investigate the molecular mechanisms of bacterial complement resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Clark
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher Pham
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kurni Kurniyati
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ching Wooen Sze
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Laurynn Coleman
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Qin Fu
- Proteomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Malkowski
- Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Chunhao Li
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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3
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Bell A, Severi E, Owen CD, Latousakis D, Juge N. Biochemical and structural basis of sialic acid utilization by gut microbes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102989. [PMID: 36758803 PMCID: PMC10017367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors diverse microbial communities collectively known as the gut microbiota that exert a profound impact on human health and disease. The repartition and availability of sialic acid derivatives in the gut have a significant impact on the modulation of gut microbes and host susceptibility to infection and inflammation. Although N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is the main form of sialic acids in humans, the sialic acid family regroups more than 50 structurally and chemically distinct modified derivatives. In the GI tract, sialic acids are found in the terminal location of mucin glycan chains constituting the mucus layer and also come from human milk oligosaccharides in the infant gut or from meat-based foods in adults. The repartition of sialic acid in the GI tract influences the gut microbiota composition and pathogen colonization. In this review, we provide an update on the mechanisms underpinning sialic acid utilization by gut microbes, focusing on sialidases, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bell
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuele Severi
- Microbes in Health and Disease, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - C David Owen
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Latousakis
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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4
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Waespy M, Gbem TT, Dinesh Kumar N, Solaiyappan Mani S, Rosenau J, Dietz F, Kelm S. Cooperativity of catalytic and lectin-like domain of Trypanosoma congolense trans-sialidase modulates its catalytic activity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0009585. [PMID: 35130274 PMCID: PMC8865650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-sialidases (TS) represent a multi-gene family of unusual enzymes, which catalyse the transfer of terminal sialic acids (Sia) from sialoglycoconjugates to terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues of oligosaccharides without the requirement of CMP-Neu5Ac, the activated Sia used by typical sialyltransferases. Enzymes comprise a N-terminal catalytic domain (CD) followed by a lectin-like domain (LD). Most work on trypanosomal TS has been done on enzymatic activities focusing on the CD of TS from Trypanosoma cruzi (causing Chagas disease in Latin America), subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei, (causing human sleeping sickness in Africa) and Trypanosoma congolense (causing African Animal Trypanosomosis in livestock). Previously, we demonstrated that T. congolense TS (TconTS)-LD binds to several carbohydrates, such as 1,4-β-mannotriose. In this study we investigated the influence of TconTS3-LD on Sia transfer efficiency of TconTS1a-CD by swapping domains. in silico analysis on structure models of TconTS enzymes revealed the potential of domain swaps between TconTS1a and TconTS3 without structural disruptions of the enzymes overall topologies. Recombinant domain swapped TconTS1a/TS3 showed clear Sia transfer activity, when using fetuin and lactose as Sia donor and acceptor substrates, respectively. While Sia transfer activity remained unchanged from the level of TconTS1a, hydrolytic release of free Neu5Ac as a side product was suppressed resulting in increased transfer efficiency. Presence of 1,4-β-mannotriose during TS reactions modulates enzyme activities enhancing transfer efficiency possibly due to occupation of the binding site in TconTS1a-LD. Interestingly this effect was in the same range as that observed when swapping TconTS1a-CD and TconTS3-LD. In summary, this study demonstrate the proof-of-principle for swapping CDs and LDs of TconTS and that TconTS3-LD influences enzymatic activity of TconTS1a-CD providing evidence that LDs play pivotal roles in modulating activities and biological functions of TconTS and possibly other TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Waespy
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thaddeus Termulun Gbem
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Africa
- Department of Biology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Africa
| | - Nilima Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Shanmugam Solaiyappan Mani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jana Rosenau
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Frank Dietz
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sørge Kelm
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, Africa
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5
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Sharapova Y, Švedas V, Suplatov D. Catalytic and lectin domains in neuraminidase A from Streptococcus pneumoniae are capable of an intermolecular assembly: Implications for biofilm formation. FEBS J 2020; 288:3217-3230. [PMID: 33108702 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuraminidase A from Streptococcus pneumoniae (NanA) is a cell wall-bound modular enzyme containing one lectin and one catalytic domain. Unlike homologous NanB and NanC expressed by the same bacterium, the two domains within one NanA molecule do not form a stable interaction and are spatially separated by a 16-amino acid-long flexible linker. In this work, the ability of NanA to form intermolecular assemblies was characterized using the methods of molecular modeling and bioinformatic analysis based on crystallographic data and by bringing together previously published experimental data. It was concluded that two catalytic domains, as well as one catalytic and one lectin domain, originating from two cell wall-bound NanA molecules, can interact through a previously uncharacterized interdomain interface to form complexes stabilized by a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and salt bridges. Supercomputer modeling strongly indicated that artocarpin, an earlier experimentally discovered inhibitor of the pneumococcal biofilm formation, is able to bind to a site located in the catalytic domain of one NanA entity and prevent its interaction with the lectin or catalytic domain of another NanA entity, thus directly precluding the generation of intermolecular assemblies. The revealed structural adaptation is discussed as one plausible mechanism of noncatalytic participation of this potentially key pathogenicity enzyme in pneumococcal biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Sharapova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Suplatov
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Lipničanová S, Chmelová D, Ondrejovič M, Frecer V, Miertuš S. Diversity of sialidases found in the human body - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:857-868. [PMID: 31945439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases are enzymes essential for numerous organisms including humans. Hydrolytic sialidases (EC 3.2.1.18), trans-sialidases and anhydrosialidases (intramolecular trans-sialidases, EC 4.2.2.15) are glycoside hydrolase enzymes that cleave the glycosidic linkage and release sialic acid residues from sialyl substrates. The paper summarizes diverse sialidases present in the human body and their potential impact on development of antiviral compounds - inhibitors of viral neuraminidases. It includes a brief overview of catalytic mechanisms of action of sialidases and describes the origin of sialidases in the human body. This is followed by description of the structure and function of sialidase families with a special focus on the GH33 and GH34 families. Various effects of sialidases on human body are also briefly described. Modulation of sialidase activity may be considered a useful tool for effective treatment of various diseases. In some cases, it is desired to completely suppress the activity of sialidases by suitable inhibitors. Specific sialidase inhibitors are useful for the treatment of influenza, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, different types of cancer, or heart defects. Challenges and future directions are shortly depicted in the final part of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lipničanová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Chmelová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Miroslav Ondrejovič
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Vladimír Frecer
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia; ICARST n.o., Jamnického 19, SK-84101, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Stanislav Miertuš
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia; ICARST n.o., Jamnického 19, SK-84101, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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7
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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8
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Xiao A, Slack TJ, Li Y, Shi D, Yu H, Li W, Liu Y, Chen X. Streptococcus pneumoniae Sialidase SpNanB-Catalyzed One-Pot Multienzyme (OPME) Synthesis of 2,7-Anhydro-Sialic Acids as Selective Sialidase Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10798-10804. [PMID: 30105908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae sialidase SpNanB is an intramolecular trans-sialidase (IT-sialidase) and a virulence factor that is essential for streptococcal infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract. SpNanB catalyzes the formation of 2,7-anhydro- N-acetylneuraminic acid (2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac), a potential prebiotic that can be used as the sole carbon source of a common human gut commensal anaerobic bacterium. We report here the development of an efficient one-pot multienzyme (OPME) system for synthesizing 2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac and its derivatives. Based on a crystal structure analysis, an N-cyclohexyl derivative of 2,7-anhydro-neuraminic acid was designed, synthesized, and shown to be a selective inhibitor against SpNanB and another Streptococcus pneumoniae sialidase SpNanC. This study demonstrates a new strategy of synthesizing 2,7-anhydro-sialic acids in a gram scale and the potential application of their derivatives as selective sialidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Xiao
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Teri J Slack
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Dashuang Shi
- Children's National Medical Center , 111 Michigan Ave , NW, Washington, DC 20012 , United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Children's National Medical Center , 111 Michigan Ave , NW, Washington, DC 20012 , United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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9
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Sharapova Y, Suplatov D, Švedas V. Neuraminidase A from Streptococcus pneumoniae has a modular organization of catalytic and lectin domains separated by a flexible linker. FEBS J 2018; 285:2428-2445. [PMID: 29704878 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuraminidase A (NanA) of the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae cleaves receptors of the human respiratory epithelial surface during bacterial colonization. The full-size structure of NanA that contains one lectin and one catalytic domain within a single polypeptide chain remains unresolved. Both domains are crucial for the microorganism's virulence and considered as promising antimicrobial targets. Methods of bioinformatics and molecular dynamics have been implemented to model NanA's structure and study interaction between the lectin and catalytic domains in three neuraminidases NanA, NanB, and NanC from Streptococcus pneumoniae. A significant difference in spatial organization of these homologous enzymes has been revealed. The lectin and catalytic domains of NanB and NanC form rigid globules stabilized by multiple interdomain interactions, whereas in NanA, the two domains are separated by a 16 amino acids long flexible linker - a characteristic of proteins that require conformational flexibility for their functioning. The biological role of this structural adaptation of NanA as a key virulence enzyme is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Sharapova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Dmitry Suplatov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
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Monestier M, Latousakis D, Bell A, Tribolo S, Tailford LE, Colquhoun IJ, Le Gall G, Yu H, Chen X, Rejzek M, Dedola S, Field RA, Juge N. Membrane-enclosed multienzyme (MEME) synthesis of 2,7-anhydro-sialic acid derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2017; 451:110-117. [PMID: 28851488 PMCID: PMC5667892 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring 2,7-anhydro-alpha-N-acetylneuraminic acid (2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac) is a transglycosylation product of bacterial intramolecular trans-sialidases (IT-sialidases). A facile one-pot two-enzyme approach has been established for the synthesis of 2,7-anhydro-sialic acid derivatives including those containing different sialic acid forms such as Neu5Ac and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The approach is based on the use of Ruminoccocus gnavus IT-sialidase for the release of 2,7-anhydro-sialic acid from glycoproteins, and the conversion of free sialic acid by a sialic acid aldolase. This synthetic method, which is based on a membrane-enclosed enzymatic synthesis, can be performed on a preparative scale. Using fetuin as a substrate, high-yield and cost-effective production of 2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac was obtained to high-purity. This method was also applied to the synthesis of 2,7-anhydro-Neu5Gc. The membrane-enclosed multienzyme (MEME) strategy reported here provides an efficient approach to produce a variety of sialic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Monestier
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Dimitrios Latousakis
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Andrew Bell
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Sandra Tribolo
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Louise E Tailford
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Ian J Colquhoun
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Gwenaelle Le Gall
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni Diagnostic Ltd, The Innovation Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7GJ, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; Iceni Diagnostic Ltd, The Innovation Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7GJ, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, The Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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11
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Slugina MA, Shchennikova AV, Kochieva EZ. TAI vacuolar invertase orthologs: the interspecific variability in tomato plants (Solanum section Lycopersicon). Mol Genet Genomics 2017. [PMID: 28634826 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying carbohydrate metabolism can promote the development of biotechnological advances in fruit plants. The flesh tomato fruit represents an ideal system for examining the role of sucrose cleavage enzymes in fruit development, and wild tomato species differing in storage sugars serve as an excellent research material for this purpose. Plant vacuolar invertase is a key enzyme of sucrose metabolism in the sink organs. In the present study, we identified complete gene sequences encoding the TAI vacuolar invertase in 11 wild and one cultivated tomato accessions of the Solanum section Lycopersicon. The average level of interspecific polymorphism in TAI genes was 8.58%; however, in the green-fruited tomatoes, the TAI genes contained 100 times more SNPs than those in the red-fruited accessions. The TAI proteins demonstrated 8% variability, whereas the red-fruited species had none. A TAI-based phylogenetic tree revealed two main clusters containing self-compatible and self-incompatible species, which concurs with the previous crossability-based division and demonstrates that the TAI genes reflect the evolutionary relationships between the red- and green-fruited tomatoes. Furthermore, we detected differential expression patterns of the TAI genes in the fruits of wild and cultivated tomatoes, which corresponded to sugar composition. The polymorphism analysis of the TAI acid invertases of Solanum section Lycopersicon species will contribute to the understanding of the genetic potential of TAI genes to impact tomato breeding through genetic engineering of the carbohydrate composition in the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Slugina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - A V Shchennikova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - E Z Kochieva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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12
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Abstract
Sialidases are a large group of enzymes, the majority of which catalyses the cleavage of terminal sialic acids from complex carbohydrates on glycoproteins or glycolipids. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, sialic acid residues are mostly found in terminal location of mucins via α2-3/6 glycosidic linkages. Many enteric commensal and pathogenic bacteria can utilize sialic acids as a nutrient source, but not all express the sialidases that are required to release free sialic acid. Sialidases encoded by gut bacteria vary in terms of their substrate specificity and their enzymatic reaction. Most are hydrolytic sialidases, which release free sialic acid from sialylated substrates. However, there are also examples with transglycosylation activities. Recently, a third class of sialidases, intramolecular trans-sialidase (IT-sialidase), has been discovered in gut microbiota, releasing (2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac) 2,7-anydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid instead of sialic acid. Reaction specificity varies, with hydrolytic sialidases demonstrating broad activity against α2,3-, α2,6- and α2,8-linked substrates, whereas IT-sialidases tend to be specific for α2,3-linked substrates. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge on the structural and biochemical properties of sialidases involved in the interaction between gut bacteria and epithelial surfaces.
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Waespy M, Gbem TT, Elenschneider L, Jeck AP, Day CJ, Hartley-Tassell L, Bovin N, Tiralongo J, Haselhorst T, Kelm S. Carbohydrate Recognition Specificity of Trans-sialidase Lectin Domain from Trypanosoma congolense. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004120. [PMID: 26474304 PMCID: PMC4608562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen different active Trypanosoma congolense trans-sialidases (TconTS), 11 variants of TconTS1 besides TconTS2, TconTS3 and TconTS4, have been described. Notably, the specific transfer and sialidase activities of these TconTS differ by orders of magnitude. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analysis of the catalytic domains (CD) grouped each of the highly active TconTS together with the less active enzymes. In contrast, when aligning lectin-like domains (LD), the highly active TconTS grouped together, leading to the hypothesis that the LD of TconTS modulates its enzymatic activity. So far, little is known about the function and ligand specificity of these LDs. To explore their carbohydrate-binding potential, glycan array analysis was performed on the LD of TconTS1, TconTS2, TconTS3 and TconTS4. In addition, Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR experiments were done on TconTS2-LD for a more detailed analysis of its lectin activity. Several mannose-containing oligosaccharides, such as mannobiose, mannotriose and higher mannosylated glycans, as well as Gal, GalNAc and LacNAc containing oligosaccharides were confirmed as binding partners of TconTS1-LD and TconTS2-LD. Interestingly, terminal mannose residues are not acceptor substrates for TconTS activity. This indicates a different, yet unknown biological function for TconTS-LD, including specific interactions with oligomannose-containing glycans on glycoproteins and GPI anchors found on the surface of the parasite, including the TconTS itself. Experimental evidence for such a scenario is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Waespy
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thaddeus T. Gbem
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Leroy Elenschneider
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - André-Philippe Jeck
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Day
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Nicolai Bovin
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joe Tiralongo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Haselhorst
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sørge Kelm
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty for Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Discovery of intramolecular trans-sialidases in human gut microbiota suggests novel mechanisms of mucosal adaptation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7624. [PMID: 26154892 PMCID: PMC4510645 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucus layer is colonized by a dense community of microbes catabolizing dietary and host carbohydrates during their expansion in the gut. Alterations in mucosal carbohydrate availability impact on the composition of microbial species. Ruminococcus gnavus is a commensal anaerobe present in the gastrointestinal tract of >90% of humans and overrepresented in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Using a combination of genomics, enzymology and crystallography, we show that the mucin-degrader R. gnavus ATCC 29149 strain produces an intramolecular trans-sialidase (IT-sialidase) that cleaves off terminal α2-3-linked sialic acid from glycoproteins, releasing 2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac instead of sialic acid. Evidence of IT-sialidases in human metagenomes indicates that this enzyme occurs in healthy subjects but is more prevalent in IBD metagenomes. Our results uncover a previously unrecognized enzymatic activity in the gut microbiota, which may contribute to the adaptation of intestinal bacteria to the mucosal environment in health and disease. Mucosal sialoglycans contribute to host–microbe interactions at mucosal surfaces and impact bacterial colonization of the digestive system. Here the authors identify and characterize an intramolecular trans-sialidase produced by the gut bacterium R. gnavus ATCC 29149 that may contribute to adaptation to the mucosal environment.
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15
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Hayre JK, Xu G, Borgianni L, Taylor GL, Andrew PW, Docquier JD, Oggioni MR. Optimization of a direct spectrophotometric method to investigate the kinetics and inhibition of sialidases. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 13:19. [PMID: 23031230 PMCID: PMC3483245 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-13-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Streptococcus pneumoniae expresses three distinct sialidases, NanA, NanB, and NanC, that are believed to be key virulence factors and thus, potential important drug targets. We previously reported that the three enzymes release different products from sialosides, but could share a common catalytic mechanism before the final step of product formation. However, the kinetic investigations of the three sialidases have not been systematically done thus far, due to the lack of an easy and steady measurement of sialidase reaction rate. RESULTS In this work, we present further kinetic characterization of pneumococcal sialidases by using a direct spectrophotometric method with the chromogenic substrate p-nitrophenyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid (p-NP-Neu5Ac). Using our assay, the measured kinetic parameters of the three purified pneumococcal sialidase, NanA, NanB and NanC, were obtained and were in perfect agreement with the previously published data. The major advantage of this alternative method resides in the direct measurement of the released product, allowing to readily determine of initial reaction rates and record complete hydrolysis time courses. CONCLUSION We developed an accurate, fast and sensitive spectrophotometric method to investigate the kinetics of sialidase-catalyzed reactions. This fast, sensitive, inexpensive and accurate method could benefit the study of the kinetics and inhibition of sialidases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Kaur Hayre
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Siena, I-53100, Siena, Italy
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16
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Schauer R, Kamerling JP. The Chemistry and Biology of Trypanosomal trans-Sialidases: Virulence Factors in Chagas Disease and Sleeping Sickness. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2246-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Xu G, Kiefel MJ, Wilson JC, Andrew PW, Oggioni MR, Taylor GL. Three Streptococcus pneumoniae sialidases: three different products. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1718-21. [PMID: 21244006 DOI: 10.1021/ja110733q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus penumoniae is a major human pathogen responsible for respiratory tract infections, septicemia, and meningitis and continues to produce numerous cases of disease with relatively high mortalities. S. pneumoniae encodes up to three sialidases, NanA, NanB, and NanC, that have been implicated in pathogenesis and are potential drug targets. NanA has been shown to be a promiscuous sialidase, hydrolyzing the removal of Neu5Ac from a variety of glycoconjugates with retention of configuration at the anomeric center, as we confirm by NMR. NanB is an intramolecular trans-sialidase producing 2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac selectively from α2,3-sialosides. Here, we show that the first product of NanC is 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac2en) that can be slowly hydrated by the enzyme to Neu5Ac. We propose that the three pneumococcal sialidases share a common catalytic mechanism up to the final product formation step, and speculate on the roles of the enzymes in the lifecycle of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Xu
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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18
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Monti E, Bonten; E, D'Azzo A, Bresciani R, Venerando B, Borsani G, Schauer R, Tettamanti G. Sialidases in Vertebrates. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2010; 64:403-79. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(10)64007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Xu G, Potter JA, Russell RJ, Oggioni MR, Andrew PW, Taylor GL. Crystal Structure of the NanB Sialidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Mol Biol 2008; 384:436-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2008] [Revised: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Gut H, King SJ, Walsh MA. Structural and functional studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae neuraminidase B: An intramolecular trans-sialidase. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:3348-52. [PMID: 18775704 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae expresses neuraminidase proteins that cleave sialic acids from complex carbohydrates. The pneumococcus genome encodes up to three neuraminidase proteins that have been shown to be important virulence factors. Here, we report the first structure of a neuraminidase from S. pneumoniae: the crystal structure of NanB in complex with its reaction product 2,7-anhydro-Neu5Ac. Our structural data, together with biochemical analysis, establish NanB as an intramolecular trans-sialidase with strict specificity towards alpha2-3 linked sialic acid substrates. In addition, we show that NanB differs in its substrate specificity from the other pneumococcal neuraminidase NanA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Gut
- MRC France, BM14 c/o ESRF, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, BP220, 38043 Grenoble, France
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21
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Ab initio calculations on various sialic acids provide valuable information about sialic acid-specific enzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Chiu CPC, Watts AG, Lairson LL, Gilbert M, Lim D, Wakarchuk WW, Withers SG, Strynadka NCJ. Structural analysis of the sialyltransferase CstII from Campylobacter jejuni in complex with a substrate analog. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2004; 11:163-70. [PMID: 14730352 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/08/2003] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid terminates oligosaccharide chains on mammalian and microbial cell surfaces, playing critical roles in recognition and adherence. The enzymes that transfer the sialic acid moiety from cytidine-5'-monophospho-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (CMP-NeuAc) to the terminal positions of these key glycoconjugates are known as sialyltransferases. Despite their important biological roles, little is understood about the mechanism or molecular structure of these membrane-associated enzymes. We report the first structure of a sialyltransferase, that of CstII from Campylobacter jejuni, a highly prevalent foodborne pathogen. Our structural, mutagenesis and kinetic data provide support for a novel mode of substrate binding and glycosyl transfer mechanism, including essential roles of a histidine (general base) and two tyrosine residues (coordination of the phosphate leaving group). This work provides a framework for understanding the activity of several sialyltransferases, from bacterial to human, and for the structure-based design of specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia P C Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2146 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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23
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Wimmerova M, Mitchell E, Sanchez JF, Gautier C, Imberty A. Crystal structure of fungal lectin: six-bladed beta-propeller fold and novel fucose recognition mode for Aleuria aurantia lectin. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:27059-67. [PMID: 12732625 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m302642200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aleuria aurantia lectin is a fungal protein composed of two identical 312-amino acid subunits that specifically recognizes fucosylated glycans. The crystal structure of the lectin complexed with fucose reveals that each monomer consists of a six-bladed beta-propeller fold and of a small antiparallel two-stranded beta-sheet that plays a role in dimerization. Five fucose residues were located in binding pockets between the adjacent propeller blades. Due to repeats in the amino acid sequence, there are strong similarities between the sites. Oxygen atoms O-3, O-4, and O-5 of fucose are involved in hydrogen bonds with side chains of amino acids conserved in all repeats, whereas O-1 and O-2 interact with a large number of water molecules. The nonpolar face of each fucose residue is stacked against the aromatic ring of a Trp or Tyr amino acid, and the methyl group is located in a highly hydrophobic pocket. Depending on the precise binding site geometry, the alpha- or beta-anomer of the fucose ligand is observed bound in the crystal. Surface plasmon resonance experiments conducted on a series of oligosaccharides confirm the broad specificity of the lectin, with a slight preference for alphaFuc1-2Gal disaccharide. This multivalent carbohydrate recognition fold is a new prototype of lectins that is proposed to be involved in the host recognition strategy of several pathogenic organisms including not only the fungi Aspergillus but also the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Wimmerova
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research and Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Buschiazzo A, Amaya MF, Cremona ML, Frasch AC, Alzari PM. The crystal structure and mode of action of trans-sialidase, a key enzyme in Trypanosoma cruzi pathogenesis. Mol Cell 2002; 10:757-68. [PMID: 12419220 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trans-sialidases (TS) are GPI-anchored surface enzymes expressed in specific developmental stages of trypanosome parasites like Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, and T. brucei, the causative agent of sleeping sickness. TS catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid residues from host to parasite glycoconjugates through a transglycosidase reaction that appears to be critical for T. cruzi survival and cell invasion capability. We report here the structure of the T. cruzi trans-sialidase, alone and in complex with sugar ligands. Sialic acid binding is shown to trigger a conformational switch that modulates the affinity for the acceptor substrate and concomitantly creates the conditions for efficient transglycosylation. The structure provides a framework for the structure-based design of novel inhibitors with potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Buschiazzo
- Unité de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS URA 2185, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris, France
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Paris G, Cremona ML, Amaya MF, Buschiazzo A, Giambiagi S, Frasch AC, Alzari PM. Probing molecular function of trypanosomal sialidases: single point mutations can change substrate specificity and increase hydrolytic activity. Glycobiology 2001; 11:305-11. [PMID: 11358879 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/11.4.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialidases are present on the surface of several trypanosomatid protozoan parasites. They are highly specific for sialic acid linked in alpha-(2,3) to a terminal beta-galactose and include the strictly hydrolytic enzymes and trans-sialidases (sialyl-transferases). Based on the structural comparison of the sialidase from Trypanosoma rangeli and the trans-sialidase from T. cruzi (the agent of Chagas' disease in humans), we have explored the role of specific amino acid residues sought to be important for substrate specificity. The substitution of a conserved tryptophanyl residue in the two enzymes, Trp312/313-Ala, changed substrate specificity, rendering the point mutants capable to hydrolyze both alpha-(2,3)- and alpha-(2,6)-linked sialoconjugates. The same mutation abolished sialyl-transferase activity, indicating that transfer (but not hydrolysis) requires a precise orientation of the bound substrate. The exchange substitution of another residue that modulates oligosaccharide binding, Gln284-Pro, was found to significantly increase the hydrolytic activity of sialidase, and residue Tyr119 was confirmed to be part of a second binding site for the acceptor substrate in trans-sialidase. Together with the structural information, these results provide a consistent framework to account for the unique enzymatic properties of trypanosome trans-sialidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CC30, 1650 San Martín, Argentina
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Wilson JC, Thomson RJ, Dyason JC, Florio P, Quelch KJ, Abo S, von Itzstein M. The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of neuraminic acid-based probes of Vibrio cholerae sialidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(99)00552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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