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Intrinsic cardiac neurons of the adult pigs: chemical types, abundance, parameters and distribution within ganglionated plexus. Ann Anat 2022; 243:151935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Regional Diversities in Fibrogenesis Weighed as a Key Determinant for Atrial Arrhythmogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121900. [PMID: 34944715 PMCID: PMC8698388 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis plays a key role in atrial myopathy, resulting in the genesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). The abnormal distribution of fibrotic tissue, electrical coupling, paracrine interactions, and biomechanical–electrical interactions have all been suggested as causes of fibrosis-related arrhythmogenesis. Moreover, the regional difference in fibrogenesis, specifically the left atrium (LA) exhibiting a higher arrhythmogenesis and level of fibrosis than the right atrium (RA) in AF, is a key contributor to atrial arrhythmogenesis. LA fibroblasts have greater profibrotic cellular activities than RA fibroblasts, but knowledge about the regional diversity of atrial regional fibrogenesis remains limited. This article provides a comprehensive review of research findings on the association between fibrogenesis and arrhythmogenesis from laboratory to clinical evidence and updates the current understanding of the potential mechanism underlying the difference in fibrogenesis between the LA and RA.
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Calcium Regulation on the Atrial Regional Difference of Collagen Production Activity in Atrial Fibrogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060686. [PMID: 34204537 PMCID: PMC8233809 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrosis plays an important role in the genesis of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The left atrium (LA) exhibits a higher level of fibrosis than the right atrium (RA) in heart failure and atrial arrhythmia. However, the mechanism for the high fibrogenic potential of the LA fibroblasts remains unclear. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling contributes to the pro-fibrotic activities of fibroblasts. This study investigated whether differences in Ca2+ homeostasis contribute to differential fibrogenesis in LA and RA fibroblasts. Methods: Ca2+ imaging, a patch clamp assay and Western blotting were performed in isolated rat LA and RA fibroblasts. Results: The LA fibroblasts exhibited a higher Ca2+ entry and gadolinium-sensitive current compared with the RA fibroblasts. The LA fibroblasts exhibited greater pro-collagen type I, type III, phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), phosphorylated phospholipase C (PLC), stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 3 protein expression compared with RA fibroblasts. In the presence of 1 mmol/L ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid (EGTA, Ca2+ chelator), the LA fibroblasts had similar pro-collagen type I, type III and phosphorylated CaMKII expression compared with RA fibroblasts. Moreover, in the presence of KN93 (a CaMKII inhibitor, 10 μmol/L), the LA fibroblasts had similar pro-collagen type I and type III compared with RA fibroblasts. Conclusion: The discrepancy of phosphorylated PLC signaling and gadolinium-sensitive Ca2+ channels in LA and RA fibroblasts induces different levels of Ca2+ influx, phosphorylated CaMKII expression and collagen production.
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Randhawa PK, Jaggi AS. Exploring the putative role of TRPV 1 -dependent CGRP release in remote hind preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 35. [PMID: 28599085 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a phenomenon whereby transient nonlethal ischemia and reperfusion episodes confer protection against prolonged ischemia reperfusion-induced injury. However, the underlying intracellular signaling has not been extensively explored. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to inspect the putative involvement of TRPV1 -dependent CGRP release in mediating remote hind limb preconditioning-induced cardioprotection. METHODS In this study, remote hind limb preconditioning stimulus was delivered (four consecutive episodes of 5 minutes of ischemia reperfusion) using a blood pressure cuff tied at the inguinal level of the rat. The isolated rat hearts were perfused on the Langendorff's system and were subjected to 30-minutes global ischemia and 120-minutes reperfusion. Prolonged ischemia and subsequent reperfusion led to myocardial injury that was evaluated in terms of infarct size, LDH release, CK release, LVDP, +dp/dtmax , -dp/dtmin , and coronary flow rate. The pharmacological agents used in this study included capsaicin as TRPV1 channel activator, sumatriptan and CGRP8-37 as CGRP blockers. RESULTS Remote hind limb and capsaicin preconditioning (10 mg/kg-1 ) significantly reduced the infarct size, LDH release, CK release and significantly improved LVDP, +dp/dtmax , -dp/dtmin , and coronary flow rate. However, remote hind limb and capsaicin preconditioning-induced cardioprotective effects were remarkably reduced in the presence of sumatriptan (8 mg/kg-1 ) and CGRP8-37 (1 mg/kg-1 ). CONCLUSION This indicates that remote hind limb preconditioning stimulus probably activates TRPV1 channels which subsequently induces CGRP release to produce cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kaur Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, India
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Liu Y, Zheng G, Liu L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Chen Q, Luo E. Inhibition of osteogenesis surrounding the titanium implant by CGRP deficiency. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:147-156. [PMID: 28402679 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1317759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested one of the neurotransmitters, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), modulates local regulation of bone metabolism; however, the regulating signaling pathway is still being explored. The objective of this study was to determine whether CGRP deficiency affects the osteogenesis surrounding titanium implants in vivo. Titanium screws were implanted in 72 adult rats, which were divided into three groups randomly: Sham, inferior alveolar neurectomy (IAN), and IAN+CGRP. Saline solution containing CGRP (concentration: 100 nmol/L) was injected into the area surrounding the implants in the IAN+CGRP group every day post operation. According to histological observations and Micro-CT, osteogenesis surrounding the implant was suppressed in the IAN group compared to that in the Sham and IAN+CGRP groups; the highest degree of osteogenesis was observed in the Sham group. This effect was also proved via the gene expressions of osteocalcin and runt-related transcription factor 2 surrounding the implant by real-time (RT) PCR analysis. In addition, through immunofluorescence staining and RT-PCR analysis, levels of CGRP and β-catenin were also reduced in the IAN group, while the highest expression was observed in the Sham group (p < 0.05). Our results collectively suggest that the titanium implant bone model established by IAN exhibited CGRP deficiency and reduced osteogenesis surrounding the implant. Additionally, the expression analyses suggest that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway could be involved in this process of bone metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Guangsen Zheng
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhi Wang
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Qianming Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - En Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb Y, Varvara G, Murmura G, Saggini A, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Tetè S, Rosati M, Cianchetti E, Toniato E, Speranza L, Pantalone A, Saggini R, Di Tommaso L, Conti P, Theoharides T, Pandolfi F. Inhibitor Effect of Antioxidant Flavonoids Quercitin, and Capsaicin in Mast Cell Inflammation. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are essential not only for allergies but also for innate and acquired immunity, autoimmunity and inflammation, and they are recognized as a new type of immunoregulatory cells capable of producing different cytokines. Natural compounds have long been recognized to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancergenic activity. Quercitin is an inhibitor for mast cells and is a potent antioxidant, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory compound and has a negative effect on intracellular regulator signal events initiated by FceRI receptor cross-linking and other activating receptors on mast cells. These observations candidate quercitin as a therapeutic compound in association with other therapeutic molecules. Capsaicin is a compound derived from peppers, especially capsicum, and is involved in stimulating circulation aiding digestion and relieving pain. Capsaicin receptor sub type I (VRI) is expressing in neurons and is present in a number of brain nuclei and in non-neuronal tissues, mediating inflammatory response. Capsaicin is involved in migraine, allergic symptoms, arthritis pain and gastric secretion. In this paper we review the biological effects of quercitin and capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Varvara
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - G. Murmura
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - A. Saggini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Caraffa
- Orthopeadics Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - P. Antinolfi
- Orthopeadics Division, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - S. Tetè
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - M. Rosati
- Gynecology Clinic, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - E. Toniato
- Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - L. Speranza
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Pantalone
- Orthopedic Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - R. Saggini
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - L.M. Di Tommaso
- Medicina di Laboratorio, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - P. Conti
- Immunology Division, Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - T.C. Theoharides
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Biochemistry and Internal Medicine Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F. Pandolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Jacob A, Wu R, Wang P. Regulation of RAMP expression in diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 744:87-103. [PMID: 22434110 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2364-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) belong to a single family of transmembrane proteins. RAMPs determine ligand specificity of G-protein coupled receptors; calcitonin receptor and the calcitonin-receptor like receptor (CLR). To date, three members of RAMP family (RAMP-1, -2, -3) have been identified. The co-expression of RAMP-1 with CLR constitutes the calcitonin gene related peptide receptor whereas the association of the RAMP-2 or RAMP-3 with CLR forms the adrenomedullin (AM) receptor. Alterations in signaling and subcellular distribution of G-protein coupled receptors can be responsible for the regulation of many disease conditions. These changes may be mediated by the different isoforms of RAMPs associated with such receptors. In this chapter, we describe the differential responses associated with upregulation of RAMPs in disease conditions. For instance, the upregulation of all three RAMP isoforms contributes to the cardioprotective effects of the CLR/RAMP ligands. On the other hand, strong evidence exists for the involvement of AM in various cancers and that its action is mediated by the upregulation of RAMP isoforms, RAMP-2 and -3. Though limited, a few studies have been reported on the differential response associated with the upregulation of RAMP in other disease conditions such as sepsis, liver cirrhosis, glomerulonephritis, Type 1 diabetes and Parkinson's disease. Thus, the regulation of RAMP expression is involved in the pathophysiology associated with various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Jacob
- The Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Villalón CM, Olesen J. The role of CGRP in the pathophysiology of migraine and efficacy of CGRP receptor antagonists as acute antimigraine drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 124:309-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li Y, Tan Y, Zhang G, Yang B, Zhang J. Effects of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide on the Expression and Activity of Nitric Oxide Synthase During Mandibular Bone Healing in Rabbits: An Experimental Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67:273-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2008.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Arulmani U, Maassenvandenbrink A, Villalón CM, Saxena PR. Calcitonin gene-related peptide and its role in migraine pathophysiology. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 500:315-30. [PMID: 15464043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a common neurological disorder that is associated with an increase in plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels. CGRP, a neuropeptide released from activated trigeminal sensory nerves, dilates intracranial blood vessels and transmits vascular nociception. Therefore, it is propounded that: (i) CGRP may have an important role in migraine pathophysiology, and (ii) inhibition of trigeminal CGRP release or CGRP-induced cranial vasodilatation may abort migraine. In this regard, triptans ameliorate migraine headache primarily by constricting the dilated cranial blood vessels and by inhibiting the trigeminal CGRP release. In order to explore the potential role of CGRP in migraine pathophysiology, the advent of a selective CGRP receptor antagonist was obligatory. The introduction of di-peptide CGRP receptor antagonists, namely BIBN4096BS (1-piperidinecarboxamide, N-[2-[[5-amino-1-[[4-(4-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl] pentyl] amino]-1-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) methyl]-2-oxoethyl]-4-(1,4-dihydro-2-oxo-3(2H)-quinazolinyl)-, [R-(R*,S*)]-), is a breakthrough in CGRP receptor pharmacology and can be used as a tool to investigate the role of CGRP in migraine headaches. Preclinical investigations in established migraine models that are predictive of antimigraine activity have shown that BIBN4096BS is a potent CGRP receptor antagonist and that it has antimigraine potential. Indeed, a recently published clinical study has reported that BIBN409BS is effective in treating acute migraine attacks without significant side effects. The present review will discuss mainly the potential role of CGRP in the pathophysiology of migraine and the various treatment modalities that are currently available to target this neuropeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayasankar Arulmani
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute "COEUR", Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, Rotterdam 3000 DR, The Netherlands
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11
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Katori T, Hoover DB, Ardell JL, Helm RH, Belardi DF, Tocchetti CG, Forfia PR, Kass DA, Paolocci N. Calcitonin gene-related peptide in vivo positive inotropy is attributable to regional sympatho-stimulation and is blunted in congestive heart failure. Circ Res 2004; 96:234-43. [PMID: 15591228 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000152969.42117.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a nonadrenergic/noncholinergic (NANC) peptide with vasodilatative/inotropic action that may benefit the failing heart. However, precise mechanisms for its in vivo inotropic action remain unclear. To assess this, dogs with normal or failing (sustained tachypacing) hearts were instrumented for pressure-dimension analysis. In control hearts, CGRP (20 pmol/kg per minute) enhanced cardiac contractility (eg, +33+/-4.2% in end-systolic elastance) and lowered afterload (-14.2+/-2% in systemic resistance, both P<0.001). The inotropic response was markedly blunted by heart failure (+6.5+/-2%; P<0.001 versus control), whereas arterial dilation remained unaltered (-19.3+/-5%). CGRP-positive inotropy was not attributable to reflex activation because similar changes were observed in the presence of a ganglionic blocker. However, it was fully prevented by the beta-receptor antagonist (timolol), identifying a dominant role of sympatho-stimulatory signaling. In control hearts, myocardial interstitial norepinephrine assessed by microdialysis almost doubled in response to CGRP infusion, whereas systemic plasma levels were unchanged. In addition, CGRP receptors were not observed in ventricular myocardium but were prominent in coronary arteries and the stellate ganglia. Ventricular myocytes isolated from normal and failing hearts displayed no inotropic response to CGRP, further supporting indirect sympatho-stimulation as the primary in vivo mechanism. In contrast, the peripheral vasodilatative capacity of CGRP was similar in femoral vascular rings from normal and failing hearts in dogs. Thus, CGRP-mediated positive inotropy is load-independent but indirect and attributable to myocardial sympathetic activation rather than receptor-coupled stimulation in canine hearts. This mechanism is suppressed in heart failure, so that afterload reduction accounts for CGRP-enhanced function in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Katori
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Baltimore, Md, USA
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Maison SF, Emeson RB, Adams JC, Luebke AE, Liberman MC. Loss of alpha CGRP reduces sound-evoked activity in the cochlear nerve. J Neurophysiol 2003; 90:2941-9. [PMID: 12904337 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00596.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
alpha-Calcitonin gene-related peptide (alphaCGRP) is one of several neurotransmitters immunolocalized in the unmyelinated component of the cochlear efferent innervation, the lateral olivocochlear (OC) system, which makes axo-dendritic synapses with cochlear sensory neurons. In rodents, CGRP is also immunocolocalized in the myelinated medial OC system, which contacts cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs). To understand the role(s) of this neuropeptide in the OC system, we characterized the auditory phenotype of alphaCGRP-null mice. Cochlear threshold sensitivity was normal in mutant mice, both via a neural metric, the auditory brain stem response (ABR), and an OHC-based metric, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Medial OC function and resistance to acoustic injury were also unaffected by alphaCGRP deletion: the former was assessed by measuring cochlear response suppression with electrical stimulation of the OC bundle, the latter by measuring temporary threshold shifts after exposure to high level sound. However, significant abnormality in alphaCGRP-null mice was seen in the growth of cochlear neural responses with increasing stimulus level. This observation, contrasted with normal amplitude-versus-level functions for DPOAEs, is consistent with a selective, postsynaptic effect on cochlear neurons via alphaCGRP release from lateral OC terminals. This constitutes the most direct evidence to date for a functional role of the lateral OC system in the auditory periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane F Maison
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Cueille C, Pidoux E, de Vernejoul MC, Ventura-Clapier R, Garel JM. Increased myocardial expression of RAMP1 and RAMP3 in rats with chronic heart failure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 294:340-6. [PMID: 12051717 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (ADM) are potent vasodilators in humans and improved myocardial ischemia is observed after CGRP administration. Receptors for CGRP and ADM were already identified in heart. Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) determine the ligand specificity of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR); co-expression of RAMP1 and CRLR results in a CGRP receptor, whereas the association of RAMP2 or RAMP3 with CRLR gives an ADM receptor. As CGRP and ADM may play a beneficial role in heart failure, we investigated whether the CGRP and ADM receptors are upregulated in chronic heart failure. We have used semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western-blot analysis to detect and quantify the mRNA and the protein of RAMP1 and RAMP3 in both atria and ventricles of failing hearts 6 months after aortic banding in rats. Our results showed for the first time an up-regulation of RAMP1 and RAMP3 mRNAs and proteins in this model of cardiac failure. No change was observed in mRNAs coding for CRLR, RAMP2, RDC1 (canine orphan receptor), and ADM. The present results suggested after congestive heart failure in adult rats, an up-regulation of the CGRP receptor (by an increase in RAMP1 that is associated with CRLR) in atria and ventricles and of ADM receptor (by increased RAMP3 expression that is associated with CRLR) in atria. These findings support a functional role for CGRP and ADM receptors to compensate the chronic heart failure in rats.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenomedullin
- Animals
- Aortic Valve Stenosis/complications
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism
- Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein
- Chronic Disease
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Atria/chemistry
- Heart Atria/metabolism
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/chemistry
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Peptides/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 1
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins
- Receptors, CXCR
- Receptors, Calcitonin/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Cueille
- INSERM-U349, Hôpital Lariboisière, Centre Viggo Petersen, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris-Cedex 10, France
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Paolocci N, Saavedra WF, Miranda KM, Martignani C, Isoda T, Hare JM, Espey MG, Fukuto JM, Feelisch M, Wink DA, Kass DA. Nitroxyl anion exerts redox-sensitive positive cardiac inotropy in vivo by calcitonin gene-related peptide signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:10463-8. [PMID: 11517312 PMCID: PMC56983 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.181191198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroxyl anion (NO(-)) is the one-electron reduction product of nitric oxide (NO( small middle dot)) and is enzymatically generated by NO synthase in vitro. The physiologic activity and mechanism of action of NO(-) in vivo remains unknown. The NO(-) generator Angeli's salt (AS, Na(2)N(2)O(3)) was administered to conscious chronically instrumented dogs, and pressure-dimension analysis was used to discriminate contractile from peripheral vascular responses. AS rapidly enhanced left ventricular contractility and concomitantly lowered cardiac preload volume and diastolic pressure (venodilation) without a change in arterial resistance. There were no associated changes in arterial or venous plasma cGMP. The inotropic response was similar despite reflex blockade with hexamethonium or volume reexpansion, indicating its independence from baroreflex stimulation. However, reflex activation did play a major role in the selective venodilation observed under basal conditions. These data contrasted with the pure NO donor diethylamine/NO, which induced a negligible inotropic response and a more balanced veno/arterial dilation. AS-induced positive inotropy, but not systemic vasodilatation, was highly redox-sensitive, being virtually inhibited by coinfusion of N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Cardiac inotropic signaling by NO(-) was mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), as treatment with the selective CGRP-receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37) prevented this effect but not systemic vasodilation. Thus, NO(-) is a redox-sensitive positive inotrope with selective venodilator action, whose cardiac effects are mediated by CGRP-receptor stimulation. This fact is evidence linking NO(-) to redox-sensitive cardiac contractile modulation by nonadrenergic/noncholinergic peptide signaling. Given its cardiac and vascular properties, NO(-) may prove useful for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases characterized by cardiac depression and elevated venous filling pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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