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Zalewski D, Chmiel P, Kołodziej P, Borowski G, Feldo M, Kocki J, Bogucka-Kocka A. Dysregulations of Key Regulators of Angiogenesis and Inflammation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12087. [PMID: 37569462 PMCID: PMC10418409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic vascular disease caused by localized weakening and broadening of the abdominal aorta. AAA is a clearly underdiagnosed disease and is burdened with a high mortality rate (65-85%) from AAA rupture. Studies indicate that abnormal regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation contributes to progression and onset of this disease; however, dysregulations in the molecular pathways associated with this disease are not yet fully explained. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to identify dysregulations in the key regulators of angiogenesis and inflammation in patients with AAA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (using qPCR) and plasma samples (using ELISA). Expression levels of ANGPT1, CXCL8, PDGFA, TGFB1, VEGFB, and VEGFC and plasma levels of TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 1, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C were found to be significantly altered in the AAA group compared to the control subjects without AAA. Associations between analyzed factors and risk factors or biochemical parameters were also explored. Any of the analyzed factors was associated with the size of the aneurysm. The presented study identified dysregulations in key angiogenesis- and inflammation-related factors potentially involved in AAA formation, giving new insight into the molecular pathways involved in the development of this disease and providing candidates for biomarkers that could serve as diagnostic or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zalewski
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (P.K.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Paulina Chmiel
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (P.K.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Przemysław Kołodziej
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (P.K.); (A.B.-K.)
| | - Grzegorz Borowski
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (G.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Marcin Feldo
- Chair and Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (G.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Chair of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Chair and Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.C.); (P.K.); (A.B.-K.)
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Involvement of Angiogenesis in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Aneurysms. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091269. [PMID: 34572455 PMCID: PMC8469881 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the plasma concentration of pro and antiangiogenic factors and their role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery abnormal dilation (CAAD). We measured the plasma concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), Angiopoietin-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) using a sandwich ELISA technique in the plasma of patients with coronary artery abnormal dilation (CAAD, Group 1), coronary artery disease (CAD, Group 2), and normal coronary arteries (NCA, Group 3). Patients suffering from CAAD showed significantly higher plasma concentrations of VEGF (p = 0.002) than those from the control group. Both pathological angiogenesis and inflammation appear to be crucial in the pathogenesis of aneurysmal dilatation of the coronary arteries.
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Summerhill VI, Sukhorukov VN, Eid AH, Nedosugova LV, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. Pathophysiological Aspects of the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with a Special Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Genetic Associations. Biomol Concepts 2021; 12:55-67. [PMID: 34115932 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex degenerative vascular disease, with considerable morbidity and mortality rates among the elderly population. The mortality of AAA is related to aneurysm expansion (the enlargement of the aortic diameter up to 30 mm and above) and the subsequent rupture. The pathogenesis of AAA involves several biological processes, including aortic mural inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, elastin depletion, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also found to be associated with AAA formation. The evidence accumulated to date supports a close relationship between environmental and genetic factors in AAA initiation and progression. However, a comprehensive pathophysiological understanding of AAA formation remains incomplete. The open surgical repair of AAA is the only therapeutic option currently available, while a specific pharmacotherapy is still awaited. Therefore, there is a great need to clarify pathophysiological cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying AAA formation that would help to develop effective pharmacological therapies. In this review, pathophysiological aspects of AAA development with a special focus on mitochondrial dysfunction and genetic associations were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha I Summerhill
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut-Lebanon
| | - Ludmila V Nedosugova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8/2 Trubenskaya Street, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Street, Moscow 121552, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow 121609, Russia.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia
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Searching for new molecular markers for cells obtained from abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:487-497. [PMID: 34080122 PMCID: PMC8357660 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate specific potential markers for cells obtained from three layers of human AAA divided into three segments along the AAA based on morphological differences. The isolated cells were compared to control commercial cell types from healthy human abdominal aortas. For each type of aortic layer, three specimens from 6 patients were compared. Total RNA was isolated from 36 cell cultures for gene expression profiling and potential new cytometry markers were typed. Isolated cells were analyzed by flow cytometry by using fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies to markers: CNN1, MYH10, ENG, ICAM2, and TEK. The relative expression of 45 genes in primary cell cultures and control lines was analyzed. Statistically significant differences were found in the expression of most of the analyzed genes between individual layers and control lines. Based on relative expression, antibodies were selected for flow cytometry. Gene expression profiles allowed to select new potential cytometry markers: CNN1, MYH10, MYOCD, ENG, ICAM2, TEK. However, none of the tested markers seems to be optimal and characteristic for a specific layer of AAA.
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Bell M, Gandhi R, Shawer H, Tsoumpas C, Bailey MA. Imaging Biological Pathways in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using Positron Emission Tomography. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1596-1606. [PMID: 33761759 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bell
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richa Gandhi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Heba Shawer
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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Li G, Zhou H, He Y, Sun S, Wu X, Yuan H. Ulinastatin Inhibits the Formation and Progression of Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:58-64. [PMID: 31962313 DOI: 10.1159/000504848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aortic mural inflammatory damage takes a vital part in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Recently, ulinastatin (UTI) has attracted attention for its anti-inflammatory function. Our study aimed to evaluate potential influences of UTI on experimental AAA. METHODS A mouse model of AAA was induced by infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) into the abdominal aorta. Mice were treated with UTI (50,000 U/kg/day i.p.) beginning either immediately or on the 4th day after PPE infusion, with treatment being continued until the 14th day. UTI effects were assessed by aortic diameter measurements and aortic histopathological analysis. RESULTS Significant and time-dependent aortic diameter enlargement persisted in the control mice from day 0. In the UTI group, aortic diameter increased, and depletion of aortic mural smooth muscle cells and elastin was significantly -attenuated. Simultaneously, mural CD68+ macrophages, CD8+ T-cell and B220+ B-cell density, as well as neoangiogenesis were suppressed by UTI. In addition, delayed UTI treatment could still effectively limit aneurysm expansion. CONCLUSIONS UTI treatment limits the formation and growth of experimental AAA, and UTI may be a potential treatment for early AAA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxiang He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shunji Sun
- Vascular Intervention Department, Hospital Affiliated to Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xuejun Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China,
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Xu B, Iida Y, Glover KJ, Ge Y, Wang Y, Xuan H, Hu X, Tanaka H, Wang W, Fujimura N, Miyata M, Shoji T, Guo J, Zheng X, Gerritsen M, Kuo C, Michie SA, Dalman RL. Inhibition of VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-A or its Receptor Activity Suppresses Experimental Aneurysm Progression in the Aortic Elastase Infusion Model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1652-1666. [PMID: 31294623 PMCID: PMC6699755 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the pathogenic significance of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-A in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and the translational value of pharmacological VEGF-A or its receptor inhibition in aneurysm suppression. Approaches and Results: AAAs were created in male C57BL/6J mice via intra-aortic elastase infusion. Soluble VEGFR (VEGF receptor)-2 extracellular ligand-binding domain (delivered in Ad [adenovirus]-VEGFR-2), anti-VEGF-A mAb (monoclonal antibody), and sunitinib were used to sequester VEGF-A, neutralize VEGF-A, and inhibit receptor tyrosine kinase activity, respectively. Influences on AAAs were assessed using ultrasonography and histopathology. In vitro transwell migration and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were used to assess myeloid cell chemotaxis and mRNA expression, respectively. Abundant VEGF-A mRNA and VEGF-A-positive cells were present in aneurysmal aortae. Sequestration of VEGF-A by Ad-VEGFR-2 prevented AAA formation, with attenuation of medial elastolysis and smooth muscle depletion, mural angiogenesis and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Treatment with anti-VEGF-A mAb prevented AAA formation without affecting further progression of established AAAs. Sunitinib therapy substantially mitigated both AAA formation and further progression of established AAAs, attenuated aneurysmal aortic MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase) and MMP9 protein expression, inhibited inflammatory monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis to VEGF-A, and reduced MMP2, MMP9, and VEGF-A mRNA expression in macrophages and smooth muscle cells in vitro. Additionally, sunitinib treatment reduced circulating monocytes in aneurysmal mice. CONCLUSIONS VEGF-A and its receptors contribute to experimental AAA formation by suppressing mural angiogenesis, MMP and VEGF-A production, myeloid cell chemotaxis, and circulating monocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases by sunitinib or related compounds may provide novel opportunities for clinical aneurysm suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yasunori Iida
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keith J Glover
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yingbin Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haojun Xuan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Naoki Fujimura
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Masaaki Miyata
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shoji
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoya Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mary Gerritsen
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Calvin Kuo
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sara A Michie
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ronald L Dalman
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Nisson PL, Meybodi AT, Brasiliense L, Berger GK, Golisch K, Benet A, Lawton MT. Cerebral Aneurysms Differ in Patients with Hysterectomies. World Neurosurg 2018; 120:e400-e407. [PMID: 30165227 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Female sex is a well-known risk factor for aneurysm formation. Although the role of the ovaries and estrogen in aneurysm development has been supported, other organ-hormone pairs unique between sexes also may be implicated. In this study, we aimed to determine whether intracranial aneurysms microsurgically clipped in patients with previous hysterectomies exhibit any unique aneurysm characteristics from those without hysterectomies. METHODS Solitary aneurysms microsurgically treated by the senior author (M.T.L.) were included from a database of patients treated between January 2010 and April 2013 at a tertiary academic medical center. Only female patients and patients equal or older in age to the youngest patient in the hysterectomy group were included in the control group. Patient and aneurysm characteristics were compared using the χ2 test for categorical variables and the independent t test analysis for continuous variables. RESULTS A total 233 patients were included in the study. Forty-three patients (19%) had undergone a previous hysterectomy; none had oophorectomies recorded. No difference in mean age (P = 0.89), hypertension (P = 0.38), alcohol use (P = 0.87), tobacco use (P = 0.22), or aneurysm location (P = 1) existed. However, patients in the hysterectomy group more often presented in a good neurologic condition before surgery (88% vs. 74%, P = 0.04) and had fewer large aneurysms (8% vs. 24%, P = 0.03). Also, fewer presented with a ruptured aneurysm (28%) then the nonhysterectomy group (51%) (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Female patients with a surgical history of a hysterectomy have a lower rate of large aneurysms, present in better neurologic condition, and are less likely to present with a ruptured aneurysm than females without a hysterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton L Nisson
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ali Tayebi Meybodi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Leonardo Brasiliense
- Division of Neurosurgery, Banner-University Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Garrett K Berger
- College of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kimberly Golisch
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Arnau Benet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
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Evaluation of the thrombus of abdominal aortic aneurysms using contrast enhanced ultrasound - preliminary results. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34152. [PMID: 27677245 PMCID: PMC5039714 DOI: 10.1038/srep34152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that the degree of vascularization of the thrombus may have a significant impact on the rupture of aortic aneurysms. The presence of neovascularization of the vessel wall and mural thrombus has been confirmed only in histopathological studies. However, no non-invasive imaging technique of qualitative assessment of thrombus and neovascularization has been implemented so far. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been proposed as a feasible and minimally invasive technique for in vivo visualization of neovascularization in the evaluation of tumors and atherosclerotic plaques. The aim of this study was the evaluation of mural thrombus and AAAs wall with CEUS. CEUS was performed in a group of seventeen patients with AAAs. The mural thrombus enhancement was recognized in 12 cases, yet no significant correlation between the degree of contrast enhancement and AAAs diameter, thrombus width, and thrombus echogenicity was found. We observed a rise in AAAs thrombus heterogeneity with the increase in the aneurysm diameter (r = 0.62, p = 0.017). In conclusion CEUS can visualize small channels within AAAs thrombus, which could be a result of an ongoing angiogenesis. There is a need for further research to find out whether the degree of vascularization of the thrombus may have a significant impact on the rupture of aneurysms.
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Kirsch EWM, Radu NC, Allaire E, Loisance DY. Pathobiology of Idiopathic Ascending Aortic Aneurysms. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2016; 14:254-60. [PMID: 16714709 DOI: 10.1177/021849230601400320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The majority of ascending aortic aneurysms cannot be related to any specific etiology and should be qualified as idiopathic. The pathobiology of ascending aortic aneurysms remains incompletely understood. Data from direct study are still scarce and often limited because of patient heterogenicity. Currently available information suggests that destructive remodeling of the aortic wall, inflammation and angiogenesis, biomechanical wall stress, and molecular genetics are relevant mechanisms of idiopathic ascending aortic aneurysm formation and progression. Further understanding of these mechanisms will likely provide novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutical tools for the clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Matthias Kirsch
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue Mal de Lattre de Tassigny, Créteil Cedex 94 000, France.
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Rubio-Navarro A, Amaro Villalobos JM, Lindholt JS, Buendía I, Egido J, Blanco-Colio LM, Samaniego R, Meilhac O, Michel JB, Martín-Ventura JL, Moreno JA. Hemoglobin induces monocyte recruitment and CD163-macrophage polarization in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201:66-78. [PMID: 26296046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased hemoglobin (Hb) accumulation was reported in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). CD163 is a macrophage receptor involved in tissue Hb clearance, however its role in AAA has not been reported. We investigated the role of Hb on monocyte recruitment and differentiation towards CD163 expressing macrophages ex vivo, in vitro and in human AAA. METHODS AND RESULTS CD163 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in human AAA (n=7) vs. healthy wall (n=6). CD163 was predominantly found in adventitia of AAA, coinciding with areas rich in hemosiderin and adjacent to neoangiogenic microvessels. Dual CD14/CD163 expression was observed in recently infiltrated monocytes surrounding microvessels. A higher release of soluble CD163 was observed in the conditioned medium from AAA (AAA-CM, n=10), mainly in the adventitial layer. Similar to Hb, AAA-CM induced CD163-dependent monocyte chemotaxis, especially on circulating monocytes from AAA patients. Hb or AAA-CM promoted differentiation towards CD163(high)/HLA-DR(low)-expressing macrophages, with enhanced Hb uptake, increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 secretion and decreased pro-inflammatory IL-12p40 release. All these effects were partially suppressed when Hb was removed from AAA-CM. Separate analysis on circulating monocytes reported increased percentage of pre-infiltrating CD14(++)CD16(+) monocytes in patients with AAA (n=21), as compared to controls (n=14). A significant increase in CD163 expression in CD14(++)CD16(+) monocyte subpopulation was observed in AAA patients. CONCLUSIONS The presence of Hb in the adventitial AAA-wall promotes the migration and differentiation of activated circulating monocytes in AAA patients, explaining the existence of a protective CD163-macrophage phenotype that could take up the Hb present in the AAA-wall, avoiding its injurious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Rubio-Navarro
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jes S Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Irene Buendía
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Samaniego
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- INSERM U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jean Baptiste Michel
- INSERM UMRS 1148 Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - José Luis Martín-Ventura
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain.
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Vijaynagar B, Bown MJ, Sayers RD, Choke E. Potential role for anti-angiogenic therapy in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:758-65. [PMID: 23672465 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a condition that mainly affects elderly men. At present, there is no effective medical therapy that can retard aneurysm growth or prevent aneurysm rupture. There is evidence that angiogenesis within the wall of an aortic aneurysm may play key roles in aneurysm progression as well as rupture. The use of anti-angiogenic therapy as potential medical therapy in AAA is a promising strategy but has never been studied in detail. DESIGN This paper discusses the basic mechanisms of angiogenesis, the role played by angiogenesis in aortic aneurysms and the potential therapeutic role of anti-angiogenic drugs against aneurysm expansion or rupture. RESULTS Angiogenesis is a multi-step process which is fundamental for growth and differentiation of various tissues within a multi-cellular organism. Hypoxia and inflammation are key stimuli for activation of neoangiogenesis. Investigations in both human tissues and animal models of AAA have shown that angiogenesis is a pathological hallmark of AAA and appears to play a role in the development and progression of the condition. Pre-clinical studies have shown that anti-angiogenic drugs can potentially be effective in reducing the intensity of aneurysm formation, suggesting that such drugs may potentially be useful as novel drug therapy for AAA in humans. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests that angiogenesis contributes to the destructive processes within aneurysmal aortic wall. As novel drug therapy for aortic aneurysms (for use in humans) is still eluding researchers, anti-angiogenic pathway appears to be an attractive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri Vijaynagar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Scott DJA, Allen CJ, Honstvet CA, Hanby AM, Hammond C, Johnson AB, Perry SL, Jones PF. Lymphangiogenesis in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Br J Surg 2013; 100:895-903. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ongoing angiogenesis is implicated in the inflammatory environment that characterizes abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Although lymphangiogenesis has been associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, it has yet to be demonstrated in AAA. The aim was to determine the presence of lymphangiogenesis and to delineate the relationship between inflammation and neovascularization in AAA tissue.
Methods
AAA samples and preoperative computed tomography images were obtained from patients undergoing elective AAA repair. Control samples were age-matched abdominal aortic tissue. Specific immunostains for blood vessels (CD31, CD105), lymphatic vessels (D2-40), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 3 allowed characterization and quantitation of vasculature.
Results
The AAA wall contained high levels of inflammatory infiltrate; microvascular densities of blood (P < 0·001) and lymphatic (P = 0·003) vessels were significantly increased in AAA samples compared with controls. Maximal AAA vascularity was observed in inflammatory areas, with vessels that stained positively for CD31 (ρ = 0·625, P = 0·017), CD105 (ρ = 0·692, P = 0·009) and D2-40 (ρ = 0·675, P = 0·008) correlating positively with the extent of inflammation. Increased VEGFR-3 and VEGF-A expression was also evident within inflammatory AAA areas.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrated lymphatic vessel involvement in end-stage AAA disease, which was associated with the degree of inflammation, and confirmed the involvement of neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J A Scott
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, and Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C J Allen
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - C A Honstvet
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - A M Hanby
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - C Hammond
- Department of Vascular Radiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - A B Johnson
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, and Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S L Perry
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - P F Jones
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Iida Y, Xu B, Schultz GM, Chow V, White JJ, Sulaimon S, Hezi-Yamit A, Peterson SR, Dalman RL. Efficacy and mechanism of angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49642. [PMID: 23226500 PMCID: PMC3513299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the importance of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis, strategies targeting this system to prevent clinical aneurysm progression remain controversial and unproven. We compared the relative efficacy of two Ang II type 1 receptor blockers, telmisartan and irbesartan, in limiting experimental AAAs in distinct mouse models of aneurysm disease. Methodology/Principal Findings AAAs were induced using either 1) Ang II subcutaneous infusion (1000 ng/kg/min) for 28 days in male ApoE−/− mice, or 2) transient intra-aortic porcine pancreatic elastase infusion in male C57BL/6 mice. One week prior to AAA creation, mice started to daily receive irbesartan (50 mg/kg), telmisartan (10 mg/kg), fluvastatin (40 mg/kg), bosentan (100 mg/kg), doxycycline (100 mg/kg) or vehicle alone. Efficacy was determined via serial in vivo aortic diameter measurements, histopathology and gene expression analysis at sacrifice. Aortic aneurysms developed in 67% of Ang II-infused ApoE−/− mice fed with standard chow and water alone (n = 15), and 40% died of rupture. Strikingly, no telmisartan-treated mouse developed an AAA (n = 14). Both telmisartan and irbesartan limited aneurysm enlargement, medial elastolysis, smooth muscle attenuation, macrophage infiltration, adventitial neocapillary formation, and the expression of proteinases and proinflammatory mediators. Doxycycline, fluvastatin and bosentan did not influence aneurysm progression. Telmisartan was also highly effective in intra-aortic porcine pancreatic elastase infusion-induced AAAs, a second AAA model that did not require exogenous Ang II infusion. Conclusion/Significance Telmisartan suppresses experimental aneurysms in a model-independent manner and may prove valuable in limiting clinical disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Iida
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Baohui Xu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey M. Schultz
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Vinca Chow
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Julie J. White
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Shola Sulaimon
- Medtronic Vascular Inc., Santa Rosa, California, United States of America
| | - Ayala Hezi-Yamit
- Medtronic Vascular Inc., Santa Rosa, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Rea Peterson
- Medtronic Vascular Inc., Santa Rosa, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald L. Dalman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Palmieri D, Pane B, Barisione C, Spinella G, Garibaldi S, Ghigliotti G, Brunelli C, Fulcheri E, Palombo D. Resveratrol counteracts systemic and local inflammation involved in early abdominal aortic aneurysm development. J Surg Res 2011; 171:e237-46. [PMID: 21962734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte activation, macrophage infiltration, vascular oxidative stress and matrix proteolysis are inflammatory key steps contributing to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. A phenotypical and functional heterogeneity is recognizable in monocytes by the differential expression of surface molecules: CD62L- subset corresponds to activated monocytes, while CD143/ACE surface expression increases during their differentiation into macrophages. In this work, Resveratrol, which is an antioxidant polyphenol with vasoprotective properties, has been evaluated for its potential to limit aneurysm development and monocyte-dependent inflammatory response in a model of elastase-induced AAA. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received Resveratrol (10 mg/kg/die) (Rsv group, n=15) or vehicle (ethanol) alone (Et-OH group, n=15) continuously from 7 d before until 14 d after the AAA induction with elastase; five littermates were used as untreated control group (Ctr group, n=5). At the end of treatment, CD143 and CD62L monocyte expression was analyzed by flow cytometry, serum antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the TRAP method and circulating TNFα, and MMP-9 were measured with ELISA and gel zymography, respectively. Aortas were subjected to histology and immunohistochemistry for morphological analysis, macrophage infiltration, and MMP-9, TNFα, and VEGF expression. RESULTS Resveratrol counteracted the CD62L-monocyte subset expansion, CD143 monocyte expression, and circulating levels of MMP-9 activity and TNFα associated to AAA induction. Similarly, treatment with Resveratrol significantly attenuated AAA expansion, vessel wall macrophage infiltration and MMP-9, VEGF, and TNFα expression, compared with AAA from Et-OH group. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol limited the monocyte-dependent inflammatory response, macrophage differentiation and aortic lumen enlargement in elastase-induced AAA. These data suggest that Resveratrol might be tested in selected patients with small AAA to modulate the early systemic and local inflammatory response associated to AAA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Palmieri
- Experimental and Clinical Vascular Biology Lab, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, San Martino Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center of Cardiovascular Biology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Choke E, Cockerill GW, Dawson J, Howe F, Wilson WRW, Loftus IM, Thompson MM. Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances angiotensin II-induced aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Vasc Surg 2010; 52:159-166.e1. [PMID: 20471768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development is associated with increased angiogenesis and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Inhibition of angiogenesis results in attenuation of experimental aneurysms. This study investigated the effects of recombinant human (rh)VEGF on experimental aneurysms. METHODS Apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice were assigned to one of four groups: (1) normal saline infusion (sham), (2) angiotensin-II (AngII) infusion, (3) AngII infusion plus 100 microg daily rhVEGF for 14 days (AngII+14dVEGF), or (4) AngII infusion plus 100 microg daily rhVEGF for 21 days (AngII+21dVEGF). Aortic maximum diameter and cross-sectional area were determined by magnetic resonance imaging and microscopy. All mice were sacrificed at day 28. RESULTS Aneurysms developed in all mice in the AngII+14dVEGF and AngII+21dVEGF groups by day 21 compared with 40% in the AngII group. Treatment with rhVEGF increased maximum aortic diameter (P < .002) and cross-sectional area of aneurysms (P < .005) at day 21. This effect was maintained at day 28 (P < .0005). Decreasing rhVEGF treatment from 21 to 14 days did not attenuate aneurysm formation. Treatment with rhVEGF upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2 gene expression within the aortic wall (P < .0009). CONCLUSIONS Treatment with rhVEGF intensified the formation of AngII-induced aneurysms. Further studies are needed to investigate if antiangiogenic therapy may be a valid medical therapy against aneurysm expansion or rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Choke
- St. George's Vascular Institute, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Hoh BL, Velat GJ, Wilmer EN, Hosaka K, Fisher RC, Scott EW. A novel murine elastase saccular aneurysm model for studying bone marrow progenitor-derived cell-mediated processes in aneurysm formation. Neurosurgery 2010; 66:544-50; discussion 550. [PMID: 20173550 DOI: 10.1227/01.neu.0000365616.46414.2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are several large-species animal models for saccular aneurysms, there is a need for a simple, reproducible saccular aneurysm model in mice. OBJECTIVE To develop a murine saccular aneurysm model, which replicates key characteristics that occur in the formation of human cerebral aneurysms. METHODS Elastase is applied extravascularly to the right common carotid artery. We induced saccular aneurysm formation by our method in C57BL/6 mice (n = 30). Aneurysms and control arteries (left common carotid arteries) were harvested at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks postinjury (n = 10 for each time point), measured, and stained for elastin content. To demonstrate BMP-derived cell recruitment to the aneurysms, bone marrow from UBC-gfp transgenic mice was transplanted into irradiated C57BL/6 recipients to create C57BL/6.gfp chimeras. Additionally, bone marrow from DsRed transgenic mice was transplanted into irradiated C57BL/6 recipients to create C57BL/6.DsRed chimeras, and bone marrow from B5/EGFP transgenic mice was transplanted into irradiated FVB recipients to create FVB.gfp chimeras. The elastase injury or sham operations were performed in the C57BL/6.gfp, C57BL/6.DsRed, and FVB.gfp chimeras. Aneurysms and sham vessels were harvested at 3 weeks and examined for BMP-derived cell recruitment. Additionally, aneurysms were stained for matrix metalloproteinase-9, which is overexpressed in human cerebral aneurysm tissue. RESULTS Aneurysms consistently demonstrated significant loss of elastin in the vessel wall and had significantly larger diameters than control vessels (591 +/- 238 microm vs 328 +/- 61 microm; P = .003 for aneurysms 3 weeks postinjury). Aneurysms from C57BL/6.gfp, FVB.gfp, and C57BL/6.DsRed chimeras consistently revealed significant BMP-derived cell recruitment in the aneurysm wall that was not seen in sham-operated vessels nor in control left common carotid arteries. Aneurysms demonstrated overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9. CONCLUSION We describe a novel murine elastase saccular aneurysm model that replicates the histopathology and BMP-derived cell-mediated processes that will be a valuable instrument for studying the cell-mediated processes in cerebral aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Hoh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
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18
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Dua MM, Dalman RL. Hemodynamic influences on abdominal aortic aneurysm disease: Application of biomechanics to aneurysm pathophysiology. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:11-21. [PMID: 20347049 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
"Atherosclerotic" abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) occur with the greatest frequency in the distal aorta. The unique hemodynamic environment of this area predisposes it to site-specific degenerative changes. In this review, we summarize the differential hemodynamic influences present along the length of the abdominal aorta, and demonstrate how alterations in aortic flow and wall shear stress modify AAA progression in experimental models. Improved understanding of aortic hemodynamic risk profiles provides an opportunity to modify patient activity patterns to minimize the risk of aneurysmal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Dua
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, United States
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Tedesco MM, Terashima M, Blankenberg FG, Levashova Z, Spin JM, Backer MV, Backer JM, Sho M, Sho E, McConnell MV, Dalman RL. Analysis of in situ and ex vivo vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression during experimental aortic aneurysm progression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:1452-7. [PMID: 19574559 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.187757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mural inflammation and neovascularization are characteristic pathological features of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) expression may also mediate AAA growth and rupture. We examined VEGFR expression as a function of AAA disease progression in the Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apo E(-/-)) murine AAA model. METHODS AND RESULTS Apo E(-/-) mice maintained on a high-fat diet underwent continuous infusion with angiotensin II at 1000 ng/kg/min (Ang II) or vehicle (Control) via subcutaneous osmotic pump. Serial transabdominal ultrasound measurements of abdominal aortic diameter were recorded (n=16 mice, 3 to 4 time points per mouse) for up to 28 days. Near-infrared receptor fluorescent (NIRF) imaging was performed on Ang II mice (n=9) and Controls (n=5) with scVEGF/Cy, a single-chain VEGF homo-dimer labeled with Cy 5.5 fluorescent tracer (7 to 18 microg/mouse IV). NIRF with inactivated single chain VEGF/Cy tracer (scVEGF/In, 18 microg/mouse IV) was performed on 2 additional Ang II mice to control for nonreceptor-mediated tracer binding and uptake. After image acquisition and sacrifice, aortae were harvested for analysis. An additional AAA mouse cohort received either an oral angiogenesis inhibitor or suitable negative or positive controls to clarify the significance of angiogenesis in experimental aneurysm progression. Aneurysms developed in the suprarenal aortic segment of all Ang II mice. Significantly greater fluorescent signal was obtained from aneurysmal aorta as compared to remote, uninvolved aortic segments in Ang II scVEGF/Cy mice or AAA in scVEGF/In mice or suprarenal aortic segments in Control mice. Signal intensity increased in a diameter-dependent fashion in aneurysmal segments. Immunostaining confirmed mural VEGFR-2 expression in medial smooth muscle cells. Treatment with an angiogenesis inhibitor attenuated AAA formation while decreasing mural macrophage infiltration and CD-31(+) cell density. CONCLUSIONS Mural VEGFR expression, as determined by scVEGF/Cy fluorescent imaging and VEGFR-2 immunostaining, increases in experimental AAAs in a diameter-dependent fashion. Angiogenesis inhibition limits AAA progression. Clinical VEGFR expression imaging strategies, if feasible, may improve real-time monitoring of AAA disease progression and response to suppressive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen M Tedesco
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5642, USA
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20
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[Pathobiology of idiopathic ascending aortic aneurysms]. Presse Med 2008; 38:1076-88. [PMID: 19070988 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2008.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of ascending aortic aneurysms cannot be related to any specific etiology and should be qualified as idiopathic. The incidence of this disease is increasing in the population of the developed countries but its pathobiology is poorly understood. AIM This article is reviewing the publications concerning the pathobiology of idiopathic ascending aortic aneurysms. SOURCES A PubMed search on articles published in English or French, between January 1965 and December 2007, on key-words << aortic root >>, << ascending aorta >>, << aortic arch >>, << thoracic aorta >>, << aneurysm >>, << dilatation >> and << dissection >> was undertaken. Articles on aneurysms related to inflammatory and infectious diseases, congenital or genetic syndromes were excluded. RESULTS The presented data suggests that destructive remodeling of the aortic wall, inflammation and angiogenesis, biomechanical wall stress, and molecular genetics are relevant mechanisms of idiopathic ascending aortic aneurysm formation and progression. LIMITS Sparse data available from few direct studies offer limited knowledge on pathobiology of idiopathic ascending aortic aneurysms. CONCLUSION A more intimate knowledge of the triggers and perpetrating factors of this disease might offer new diagnostic and treatment options.
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21
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Are patients with POEMS syndrome at increased risk of Salmonella aortitis? Int J Infect Dis 2008; 13:e97-9. [PMID: 18951055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of Salmonella infectious aortitis in a patient with POEMS (peripheral neuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein and skin changes) syndrome, possibly indicating that vasculopathy associated with POEMS syndrome may increase the risk of Salmonella endovascular infection.
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Chapple KS, Parry DJ, McKenzie S, MacLennan KA, Jones P, Scott DJA. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and its association with increased angiogenesis in human abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg 2007; 21:61-6. [PMID: 17349338 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the mechanism whereby non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development is unknown, one potential route is via inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. Despite the fact that evidence from animal models suggests a role for the COX-2 isoform in promotion of AAA development, only very limited data exist on COX-2 expression in human AAAs. Semiquantitative immunohistochemistry for COX-2 was performed on a series of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human AAAs (n = 49). Associated clinicopathological data, including the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and neorevascularization, were obtained. COX-2 protein was detected in 46 of 49 (94%) human AAAs. Expression of COX-2 protein varied widely between AAAs. COX-2 protein localized to cells in the inflammatory infiltrate with a morphology characteristic of macrophages. COX-2 expression increased with the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration (P < 0.001) and with the degree of AAA neorevascularization (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis identified neorevascularization (P < 0.001) as the only significant independent predictor of COX-2 positivity in human AAAs. COX-2 protein is present at increased levels in the majority of human AAAs and is expressed by mononuclear cells in the inflammatory cell infiltrate. Promotion of angiogenesis by COX-2 may play a role in AAA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Chapple
- Academic Unit of Vascular Surgery, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
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23
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Sinha I, Cho BS, Roelofs KJ, Stanley JC, Henke PK, Upchurch GR. Female gender attenuates cytokine and chemokine expression and leukocyte recruitment in experimental rodent abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1085:367-79. [PMID: 17182958 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1383.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Female gender appears to be protective in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This study sought to identify gender differences in cytokine and chemokine expression in an experimental rodent AAA model. Male and female rodent aortas were perfused with either saline (control) or elastase to induce AAA formation. Aortic diameter was determined and aortic tissue was harvested on postperfusion days 4 and 7. Cytokine and chemokine gene expression was examined using focused gene arrays. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify aortic leukocyte infiltration. Data were analyzed by Student's t-tests and ANOVA. Elastase-perfused female rodents developed significantly smaller aneurysms compared to males by day 7 (93 +/- 10% vs. 201 +/- 25%, P = 0.003). Elastase-perfused female aortas exhibited a fivefold decrease in expression of the BMP family and ligands of the TNF superfamily compared to males. In addition, the expression of members of the TGF beta and VEGF families were three to fourfold lower in female elastase-perfused aortas compared to males. Multiple members of the interleukin, CC chemokine receptor, and CC ligand families were detectable in only the male elastase-perfused aortas. Female elastase-perfused aortas demonstrated a corollary twofold lower neutrophil count (females: 17.5 +/- 1.1 PMN/HPF; males: 41 +/- 5.2 neutrophils/HPF, P = 0.01) and a 1.5-fold lower macrophage count (females: 12 +/- 1.1 macrophages/HPF; males: 17.5 +/- 1.1 macrophages/HPF, P = 0.003) compared to male elastase-perfused aortas. This study documents decreased expression of multiple cytokines and chemokines and diminished leukocyte trafficking in female rat aortas compared to male aortas following elastase perfusion. These genes may contribute to the gender disparity seen in AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Sinha
- Department of Surgery, Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0329, USA
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Cheema AN, Hong T, Nili N, Segev A, Moffat JG, Lipson KE, Howlett AR, Holdsworth DW, Cole MJ, Qiang B, Kolodgie F, Virmani R, Stewart DJ, Strauss BH. Adventitial Microvessel Formation After Coronary Stenting and the Effects of SU11218, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:1067-75. [PMID: 16516095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to delineate the temporal profile of adventitial microvessel (Ad-MV) formation after stenting, its relationship to arterial wall hypoxia, and the effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), SU11218, on Ad-MV and in-stent intimal hyperplasia (IH). BACKGROUND Adventitial microvessels have been reported after arterial injury; however, the underlying stimulus for this response and its relationship to IH is unknown. METHODS Coronary stenting was performed in 40 pigs randomized to SU11218 (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20). Vessel wall hypoxia was assessed by pimonidazole adducts and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha expression. Adventitial microvessels were quantified by three-dimensional microscopic computed tomography (3D micro CT). Intimal hyperplasia was measured by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), 3D micro CT, and morphometry. The effects of SU11218 were assessed in vitro on smooth muscle cell (SMC) and endothelial cell (EC) functions and in vivo on Ad-MV and IH. RESULTS Hypoxia was evident in the vessel wall at 48 h and persisted for four weeks. Adventitial microvessels increased significantly at one week (24 +/- 7 microvessels/segment) and four weeks (23 +/- 7 microvessels/segment) compared with uninjured arteries (16 +/- 2 microvessels/segment; p < 0.001) and correlated with IH (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). The TKI SU11218 inhibited platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta phosphorylation, EC and SMC DNA synthesis, and migration in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and significantly inhibited Ad-MV (16 +/- 5 vs. 23 +/- 7 microvessels/segment in placebo, p < 0.001) and produced approximately 80% reduction in IH (0.52 +/- 0.51 mm2 vs. 2.47 +/- 1.66 mm2 in placebo, p < 0.001) at four weeks in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Arterial stenting causes arterial wall hypoxia followed by Ad-MV formation. The TKI SU11218 inhibits both Ad-MV formation and IH and represents a promising therapeutic agent to prevent in-stent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim N Cheema
- Roy and Ann Foss Cardiovascular Research Program, Terrence Donnelly Heart Center, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Toprak V, Sirin BH, Tok D, Ozbilgin K, Saribülbül O. The Effect of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Internal Mammary Artery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006; 20:63-7. [PMID: 16458216 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial function of a vessel may be impaired by local or systemic inflammation initiated by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The present study was designed to investigate the early effects of CPB on nitric oxide production and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in internal mammary artery (IMA). DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University hospital. PARTICIPANTS Twenty patients who were scheduled for elective CABG with CPB. INTERVENTIONS IMA sections were studied immunohistochemically from these patients. The samples were taken from the distal end of the IMA before the institution of CPB and just before the construction of the IMA-left anterior descending artery anastomosis. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS After CPB, VEGF and endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity increased significantly when compared with baseline values in the endothelium (p = 0.0156, p = 0.0313) and adventitia (p = 0.0313, p = 0.0001), respectively. No significant change was observed in inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS The increase in eNOS expression may have been induced by the inflammation caused by CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verda Toprak
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
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26
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Savino M, Parisi Q, Biondi-Zoccai GGL, Pristipino C, Cianflone D, Crea F. New insights into molecular mechanisms of diffuse coronary ectasiae: A possible role for VEGF. Int J Cardiol 2006; 106:307-12. [PMID: 16337037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/01/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse coronary artery ectasiae (DCE) are occasionally found at necropsy or at angiography. Pathogenetic mechanisms of DCE are still poorly known. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in vascular remodeling and may play a role in DCE. METHODS A total of 1280 consecutive coronary angiograms performed in a single institution in 1 year were screened. DCE were found in 15 patients. Diagnosis at hospital admission was acute coronary syndromes in all of them. Two patients died during initial admission and 1 refused blood sampling; the remaining 12 patients were enrolled in the study. No patient with DCE exhibited coronary stenoses. Plasma levels of VEGF, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in these 12 patients 12 months after discharge during a silent clinical phase, in 12 age- and sex-matched patients with stable angina (SA) and coronary artery disease, and in 12 age- and sex-matched patients with normal coronary arteries (NCA). RESULTS VEGF levels were higher in patients with DCE than in SA or NCA (151.6 pg/ml [36.2-252.9] vs. 66.6 pg/ml [36.4-93.3] and 54.8 pg/ml [14.5-87.1], respectively, p = 0.012]. TIMP-2 levels were lower in DCE and SA than in NCA (5.9 ng/ml [0-33.6] and 5.0 [0-17.4] vs. 139.3 ng/ml [114.4-237.4], respectively, p < 0.001). TIMP-1 and MMP-2 plasma levels were similar in all groups (p = NS), and CRP levels were within normal limits (< 3 mg/L) in most patients, irrespective of their coronary anatomy (75% for DCE, 66% for SA, and 84% for NCA [p = NS]). CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic patients with DCE typically present with an acute coronary syndrome and exhibit lack of obstructive stenosis at angiography, decreased plasma levels of TIMP-2 and raised plasma levels of VEGF. The simultaneous occurrence of reduced MMPs inhibition and increased angiogenetic activity suggests an accelerated and persistent extracellular matrix remodeling process favouring arterial remodeling and aneurysms formation which is likely to enhance the risk of thrombosis because of low shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinica Savino
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Miwa K, Nakashima H, Aoki M, Miyake T, Kawasaki T, Iwai M, Oishi M, Kataoka K, Ohgi S, Ogihara T, Kaneda Y, Morishita R. Inhibition of ets, an essential transcription factor for angiogenesis, to prevent the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm in a rat model. Gene Ther 2005; 12:1109-18. [PMID: 15800662 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is considered to be complicated. As matrix degradation contributes to the progression of AAA, the destruction and degradation of elastin fibers caused by an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays a pivotal role in the development of AAA. Although ets, an essential transcription factor for angiogenesis, regulates MMPs, the role of ets in the development of AAA has not yet been clarified. Thus, we evaluated the role of ets in a rat AAA model using a decoy strategy. Transfection of ODN into AAA was performed by transient aortic perfusion of elastase and by wrapping the AAA in a delivery sheet containing decoy ODN. The inhibitory effect of ets decoy ODN on ets binding activity was confirmed by gel mobility shift assay. MMPs expression was decreased in the aorta transfected with ets decoy ODN as compared to scrambled decoy ODN. Also, ultrasound study demonstrated that elastase-induced aneurismal dilation was significantly suppressed by transfection of ets decoy ODN at 4 weeks after treatment as compared to scrambled decoy ODN. Moreover, the destruction of elastin fibers was inhibited in the aorta transfected with ets decoy ODN, accompanied by a reduction of MMPs expression. An inhibitory effect of decoy ODN on MMP expression was confirmed by ex vivo experiments showing that transfection of decoy ODN into an organ culture of human aorta resulted in significant inhibition of the secretion of both MMP-1 and MMP-9. Here, we demonstrated that ets may play a pivotal role in the progression of AAA through the activation of MMPs in a rat model. Ets might be a potential target to develop pharmacotherapy/gene therapy to treat AAA through the inhibition of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miwa
- Division of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Choke E, Cockerill G, Wilson WRW, Sayed S, Dawson J, Loftus I, Thompson MM. A Review of Biological Factors Implicated in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 30:227-44. [PMID: 15893484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is the 13th commonest cause of death in the Western World. Although considerable research has been applied to the aetiology and mechanism of aneurysm expansion, little is known about the mechanism of rupture. Aneurysm rupture was historically considered to be a simple physical process that occurred when the aortic wall could no longer contain the haemodynamic stress of the circulation. However, AAAs do not conform to the law of Laplace and there is growing evidence that aneurysm rupture involves a complex series of biological changes in the aortic wall. This paper reviews the available data on patient variables associated with aneurysm rupture and presents the evidence implicating biological factors in AAA rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Choke
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
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Robinet A, Fahem A, Cauchard JH, Huet E, Vincent L, Lorimier S, Antonicelli F, Soria C, Crepin M, Hornebeck W, Bellon G. Elastin-derived peptides enhance angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis through upregulation of MT1-MMP. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:343-56. [PMID: 15632106 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastin-derived peptides display a wide range of biological activities in a number of normal and transformed cells but their involvement in angiogenesis has not been reported. In the present study, we show that kappa-elastin and VGVAPG hexapeptide elastin motif accelerated angiogenesis in the chick chorio-allantoic membrane in an in vivo model. They also stimulated pseudotube formation from human vascular and microvascular endothelial cells in the matrigel and collagen models as well as cell migration in an in vitro wound healing assay. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed the main reorganization of actin filaments mediated by elastin-derived peptides and changes in cell shape that correlated with a decrease of the cell form factor determined by computerized image analysis. Such elastin-derived peptide effects were attributed to upregulation of proMT1-MMP and proMMP-2 expression and activation at both the mRNA and protein levels. Batimastat, an inhibitor of furin convertase and TIMP-2, but not TIMP-1, totally abolished the influence of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) on cell migration and tubulogenesis, thus favoring the involvement of MT1-MMP in such processes. To assess its contribution to EDP-mediated angiogenesis further, we used a small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach for specifically silencing MT1-MMP in human microvascular endothelial cells. Four sets of 21 bp siRNA duplexes targeting MT1-MMP mRNA were synthesized by in vitro transcription. Two of them proved to inhibit MT1-MMP expression efficiently but did not affect MT2-, MT3- and MT5-MMP expression. Seventy-two hours after transfection with 25 nM siRNAs EDP-induced MT1-MMP expression at the mRNA and protein levels was decreased fourfold. In parallel, proMMP-2 activation was inhibited. A scrambled siRNA, used as a negative control, had no effect. Finally, the effect of elastin peptides on pseudotube formation in MT1-MMP-siRNA transfected cells was totally abolished. These data emphasise the crucial role of MT1-MMP in the elastin-induced angiogenic phenotype of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Robinet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 6198, IFR 53 Biomolécules, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims CEDEX, France
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Sho E, Sho M, Nanjo H, Kawamura K, Masuda H, Dalman RL. Hemodynamic Regulation of CD34+Cell Localization and Differentiation in Experimental Aneurysms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:1916-21. [PMID: 15319272 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000142805.20398.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone marrow-derived vascular progenitor cells (CD34+) are present in human and animal models of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease. These preterminally differentiated cells may modulate disease resistance. We examined the influence of variable hemodynamic conditions on progenitor cell localization and differentiation in experimental AAAs. METHODS AND RESULTS Murine AAAs were created via porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) infusion. AAA blood flow was increased by aortocaval fistula (ACF) formation (HF-AAA), decreased via left iliac ligation (LF-AAA), or left unchanged (NF-AAA). ACF creation increased flow by 1700%, whereas iliac ligation decreased flow 79% compared with baseline (0.6+/-0.1 mL/min). Wall shear stress (WSS) increased or decreased accordingly, and remained elevated (9.2+/-2.0 dynes/cm2) in HF-AAA 14 days after PPE infusion. CD34+ cells were identified throughout the aortic wall in all flow conditions. Seven days after PPE infusion, HF-AAAs had more CD34+ cells than LF-AAA (187+/-10 versus 155+/-7 CD34+ cells/cross sectional, P<0.05), more medial smooth muscle cells, fewer infiltrative macrophages, and a smaller diameter than LF-AAA. LF-AAAs also contained more adventitial capillaries (CD34+ capillaries 181+/-12 versus 89+/-32/cross-sectional area in HF-AAA, P<0.05). The total progenitor cell/capillary index (CD34+ capillary plus CD31+ capillary/cross sectional area) was higher in LF-AAA (282+/-31 versus 129+/-47, P<0.05). Vascular endothelial (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) expression varied directly with capillary density between groups. Increased granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression was also present in LF-AAAs. CONCLUSIONS Hemodynamic conditions influence CD34+ cell localization and differentiation in experimental AAA. Adventitial capillary angiogenesis may augment inflammation and disease progression. Modulating cell lineage differentiation of mature progenitor cells may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to maintain medial cellularity and extracellular matrix integrity in AAA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiketsu Sho
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif 94304, USA
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Bellon G, Martiny L, Robinet A. Matrix metalloproteinases and matrikines in angiogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2004; 49:203-20. [PMID: 15036261 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2003.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2003] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoangiogenesis, the formation of new blood capillaries from pre-existing vessels, plays an important role in a number of physiological and pathological processes, particularly in tumor growth and metastasis. Extracellular proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinases or other neutral proteinases is an absolute requirement for initiating tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Cryptic segments or pre-existing domains within larger proteins, most of them belonging to the extracellular matrix, can be exposed by conformational changes and/or generated by partial enzymatic hydrolysis. They can positively or negatively regulate important functions of endothelial cells including adhesion, migration, proliferation, cell survival and cell-cell interactions. Such regulations by cryptic segments and proteolytic fragments led to the concept of matricryptins and matrikines, respectively. Matrix metalloproteinases and matrikines in conjunction with other pro- or anti-angiogenic factors might act in concert at any step of the angiogenesis process. A number of matrikines have been identified as potent anti-angiogenic factors, which could provide a new alternative to anti-proteolytic strategies for the development of anti-angiogenic therapeutic molecules aimed at inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Some of them are currently being investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Bellon
- FRE 2534 CNRS, Faculty of Medicine, IFR-53 "Biomolécules", University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51095 Reims Cedex, France.
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32
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Tonar Z, Němeček S, Holota R, Kočová J, Třeška V, Moláček J, Kohoutek T, Hadravská Š. Microscopic image analysis of elastin network in samples of normal, atherosclerotic and aneurysmatic abdominal aorta and its biomechanical implications. J Appl Biomed 2003. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2003.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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