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Hossain T, Eckmann DM. Hyperoxic exposure alters intracellular bioenergetics distribution in human pulmonary cells. Life Sci 2023:121880. [PMID: 37356749 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary oxygen toxicity is caused by exposure to a high fraction of inspired oxygen, which damages multiple cell types within the lung. The cellular basis for pulmonary oxygen toxicity includes mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of hyperoxic exposure on mitochondrial bioenergetic and dynamic functions in pulmonary cells. MAIN METHODS Mitochondrial respiration, inner membrane potential, dynamics (including motility), and distribution of mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity in two intracellular regions were quantified using cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells, human pulmonary artery endothelial cells and A549 cells. Hyperoxic (95 % O2) exposures lasted 24, 48 and 72 h, durations relevant to mechanical ventilation in intensive care settings. KEY FINDINGS Mitochondrial motility was altered following all hyperoxic exposures utilized in experiments. Inhomogeneities in inner membrane potential and respiration parameters were present in each cell type following hyperoxia. The partitioning of ATP-linked respiration was also hyperoxia-duration and cell type dependent. Hyperoxic exposure lasting 48 h or longer provoked the largest alterations in mitochondrial motility and the greatest decreases in ATP-linked respiration, with a suggestion of decreases in respiration complex protein levels. SIGNIFICANCE Hyperoxic exposures of different durations produce intracellular inhomogeneities in mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics in pulmonary cells. Oxygen therapy is utilized commonly in clinical care and can induce undesirable decrements in bioenergy function needed to maintain pulmonary cell function and viability. There may be adjunctive or prophylactic measures that can be employed during hyperoxic exposures to prevent the mitochondrial dysfunction that signals the presence of oxygen toxcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America; Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
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2
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Ye J, Lyu TJ, Li LY, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Xi X, Liu ZJ, Gao JQ. Ginsenoside Re attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion induced ferroptosis via miR-144-3p/SLC7A11. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154681. [PMID: 36893674 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginsenoside Re is an active component in ginseng that confers protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Ferroptosis is a type of regulated cell death found in various diseases. PURPOSE Our study aims to investigate the role of ferroptosis and the protective mechanism of Ginsenoside Re in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS In the present study, we treated rats for five days with Ginsenoside Re, then established the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury rat model to detect molecular implications in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion regulation and to determine the underlying mechanism. RESULTS This study identifies the mechanism behind ginsenoside Re's effect on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and its regulation of ferroptosis through miR-144-3p. Ginsenoside Re significantly reduced cardiac damage caused by ferroptosis during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and glutathione decline. To determine how Ginsenoside Re regulated ferroptosis, we isolated exosomes from VEGFR2+ endothelial progenitor cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury and performed miRNA profiling to screen the miRNAs aberrantly expressed in the process of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and ginsenoside Re treatment. We identified that miR-144-3p was upregulated in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by luciferase report and qRT-PCR. We further confirmed that the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) was the target gene of miR-144-3p by database analysis and western blot. In comparison with ferropstatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, in vivo studies confirmed that ferropstatin-1 also diminished myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury induced cardiac function damage. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ginsenoside Re attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion induced ferroptosis via miR-144-3p/SLC7A11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Jiao Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xi
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Qing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.
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Gauthier AG, Lin M, Zefi S, Kulkarni A, Thakur GA, Ashby CR, Mantell LL. GAT107-mediated α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling attenuates inflammatory lung injury and mortality in a mouse model of ventilator-associated pneumonia by alleviating macrophage mitochondrial oxidative stress via reducing MnSOD-S-glutathionylation. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102614. [PMID: 36717349 PMCID: PMC9950665 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) can compromise host defense and increase susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections, causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Compromised host defense and inflammatory lung injury are mediated, in part, by high extracellular concentrations of HMGB1, which can be decreased by GTS-21, a partial agonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Here, we report that a novel α7nAChR agonistic positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM), GAT107, at 3.3 mg/kg, i.p., significantly decreased animal mortality and markers of inflammatory injury in mice exposed to hyperoxia and subsequently infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The incubation of macrophages with 3.3 μM of GAT107 significantly decreased hyperoxia-induced extracellular HMGB1 accumulation and HMGB1-induced macrophage phagocytic dysfunction. Hyperoxia-compromised macrophage function was correlated with impaired mitochondrial membrane integrity, increased superoxide levels, and decreased manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity. This compromised MnSOD activity is due to a significant increase in its level of glutathionylation. The incubation of hyperoxic macrophages with 3.3 μM of GAT107 significantly decreases the levels of glutathionylated MnSOD, and restores MnSOD activity and mitochondrial membrane integrity. Thus, GAT107 restored hyperoxia-compromised phagocytic functions by decreasing HMGB1 release, most likely via a mitochondrial-directed pathway. Overall, our results suggest that GAT107 may be a potential treatment to decrease acute inflammatory lung injury by increasing host defense in patients with VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G. Gauthier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Mosi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Sidorela Zefi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Lin L. Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 128 St. Albert Hall, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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Mohammadi A, Higazy R, Gauda EB. PGC-1α activity and mitochondrial dysfunction in preterm infants. Front Physiol 2022; 13:997619. [PMID: 36225305 PMCID: PMC9548560 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.997619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) are born in a relatively hyperoxic environment with weak antioxidant defenses, placing them at high risk for mitochondrial dysfunction affecting multiple organ systems including the nervous, respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal systems. The brain and lungs are highly affected by mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation in the neonate, causing white matter injury (WMI) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), respectively. Adequate mitochondrial function is important in providing sufficient energy for organ development as it relates to alveolarization and axonal myelination and decreasing oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) detoxification. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is at the root of WMI and BPD pathobiology, exploring therapies that can regulate PGC-1α activity may be beneficial. This review article describes several promising therapeutic agents that can mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction through direct and indirect activation and upregulation of the PGC-1α pathway. Metformin, resveratrol, omega 3 fatty acids, montelukast, L-citrulline, and adiponectin are promising candidates that require further pre-clinical and clinical studies to understand their efficacy in decreasing the burden of disease from WMI and BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Mohammadi
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Randa Higazy
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Estelle B. Gauda
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Estelle B. Gauda,
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Diverse Roles of Mitochondria in Renal Injury from Environmental Toxicants and Therapeutic Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084172. [PMID: 33920653 PMCID: PMC8073222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well-known to function as the primary sites of ATP synthesis in most mammalian cells, including the renal proximal tubule. Other functions have also been associated with different mitochondrial activities, including the regulation of redox status and the initiation of mitophagy and apoptosis. Mechanisms for the membrane transport of glutathione (GSH) and various GSH-derived metabolites across the mitochondrial inner membrane of renal proximal tubular cells are critical determinants of these functions and may serve as pharmacological targets for potential therapeutic approaches. Specific interactions of reactive intermediates, derived from drug metabolism, with molecular components in mitochondria have been identified as early steps in diverse forms of chemically-induced nephrotoxicity. Applying this key observation, we developed a novel hypothesis regarding the identification of early, sensitive, and specific biomarkers of exposure to nephrotoxicants. The underlying concept is that upon exposure to a diverse array of environmental contaminants, as well as therapeutic drugs whose efficacy is limited by nephrotoxicity, renal mitochondria will release both high- and low-molecular-weight components into the urine or the extracellular medium in an in vitro model. The detection of these components may then serve as indicators of exposure before irreversible renal injury has occurred.
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Gauthier AG, Wu J, Lin M, Sitapara R, Kulkarni A, Thakur GA, Schmidt EE, Perron JC, Ashby CR, Mantell LL. The Positive Allosteric Modulation of alpha7-Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors by GAT107 Increases Bacterial Lung Clearance in Hyperoxic Mice by Decreasing Oxidative Stress in Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:135. [PMID: 33477969 PMCID: PMC7835977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental oxygen therapy with supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia; >21% O2) is a life-saving intervention for patients experiencing respiratory distress. However, prolonged exposure to hyperoxia can compromise bacterial clearance processes, due to oxidative stress-mediated impairment of macrophages, contributing to the increased susceptibility to pulmonary infections. This study reports that the activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) with the delete allosteric agonistic-positive allosteric modulator, GAT107, decreases the bacterial burden in mouse lungs by improving hyperoxia-induced lung redox imbalance. The incubation of RAW 264.7 cells with GAT107 (3.3 µM) rescues hyperoxia-compromised phagocytic functions in cultured macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells, and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. Similarly, GAT107 (3.3 µM) also attenuated oxidative stress in hyperoxia-exposed macrophages, which prevents oxidation and hyper-polymerization of phagosome filamentous actin (F-actin) from oxidation. Furthermore, GAT107 (3.3 µM) increases the (1) activity of superoxide dismutase 1; (2) activation of Nrf2 and (3) the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in macrophages exposed to hyperoxia. Overall, these data suggest that the novel α7nAChR compound, GAT107, could be used to improve host defense functions in patients, such as those with COVID-19, who are exposed to prolonged periods of hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G. Gauthier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Mosi Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Ravikumar Sitapara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Abhijit Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.K.); (G.A.T.)
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.K.); (G.A.T.)
| | - Edward E. Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Jeanette C. Perron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
| | - Lin L. Mantell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA; (A.G.G.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (R.S.); (J.C.P.); (C.R.A.J.)
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Faulkes CG, Eykyn TR, Aksentijevic D. Cardiac metabolomic profile of the naked mole-rat-glycogen to the rescue. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190710. [PMID: 31771414 PMCID: PMC6892520 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The African naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is unique among mammals, displaying extreme longevity, resistance to cardiovascular disease and an ability to survive long periods of extreme hypoxia. The metabolic adaptations required for resistance to hypoxia are hotly debated and a recent report provides evidence that they are able to switch from glucose to fructose driven glycolysis in the brain. However, other systemic alterations in their metabolism are largely unknown. In the current study, a semi-targeted high resolution 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) metabolomics investigation was performed on cardiac tissue from the naked mole-rat (NMR) and wild-type C57/BL6 mice to better understand these adaptations. A range of metabolic differences was observed in the NMR including increased lactate, consistent with enhanced rates of glycolysis previously reported, increased glutathione, suggesting increased resistance to oxidative stress and decreased succinate/fumarate ratio suggesting reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ROS production. Surprisingly, the most significant difference was an elevation of glycogen stores and glucose-1-phosphate resulting from glycogen turnover, that were completely absent in the mouse heart and above the levels found in the mouse liver. Thus, we identified a range of metabolic adaptations in the NMR heart that are relevant to their ability to survive extreme environmental pressures and metabolic stress. Our study underscores the plasticity of energetic pathways and the need for compensatory strategies to adapt in response to the physiological and pathological stress including ageing and ischaemic heart pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris G Faulkes
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, G.E. Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London, UK
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dunja Aksentijevic
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, G.E. Fogg Building, Mile End Road, London, UK
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Ramani M, Miller K, Brown J, Kumar R, Kadasamy J, McMahon L, Ballinger S, Ambalavanan N. Early Life Supraphysiological Levels of Oxygen Exposure Permanently Impairs Hippocampal Mitochondrial Function. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13364. [PMID: 31527593 PMCID: PMC6746707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants requiring prolonged oxygen therapy often develop cognitive dysfunction in later life. Previously, we reported that 14-week-old young adult mice exposed to hyperoxia as newborns had spatial and learning deficits and hippocampal shrinkage. We hypothesized that the underlying mechanism was the induction of hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction by neonatal hyperoxia. C57BL/6J mouse pups were exposed to 85% oxygen or room air from P2-P14. Hippocampal proteomic analysis was performed in young adult mice (14 weeks). Mitochondrial bioenergetics were measured in neonatal (P14) and young adult mice. We found that hyperoxia exposure reduced mitochondrial ATP-linked oxygen consumption and increased state 4 respiration linked proton leak in both neonatal and young adult mice while complex I function was decreased at P14 but increased in young adult mice. Proteomic analysis revealed that hyperoxia exposure decreased complex I NDUFB8 and NDUFB11 and complex IV 7B subunits, but increased complex III subunit 9 in young adult mice. In conclusion, neonatal hyperoxia permanently impairs hippocampal mitochondrial function and alters complex I function. These hippocampal mitochondrial changes may account for cognitive deficits seen in children and adolescents born preterm and may potentially be a contributing mechanism in other oxidative stress associated brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manimaran Ramani
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Kiara Miller
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Jamelle Brown
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Departments of Bioinformatics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Jegen Kadasamy
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Lori McMahon
- Departments of cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Departments of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Departments of cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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Ten VS, Ratner V. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and pulmonary dysfunction: Current progress and future directions. Paediatr Respir Rev 2019; 34:37-45. [PMID: 31060947 PMCID: PMC6790157 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes current understanding of mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction applicable to mechanisms of lung diseases and outlines challenges and future directions in this rapidly emerging field. Although the role of mitochondria extends beyond the term of cellular "powerhouse", energy generation remains the most fundamental function of these organelles. It is not counterintuitive to propose that intact energy supply is important for favorable cellular fate following pulmonary insult. In this review, the discussion of mitochondrial dysfunction focuses on those molecular mechanisms that alter cellular bioenergetics in the lungs: (a) inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain, (b) mitochondrial leak and uncoupling, (c) alteration of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, (d) mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species and self-oxidation. The discussed lung diseases were selected according to their pathological nature and relevance to pediatrics: Acute lung injury (ALI), defined as acute parenchymal lung disease associated with cellular demise and inflammation (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS, Pneumonia), alveolar developmental failure (Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, BPD or chronic lung disease in premature infants), obstructive airway diseases (Bronchial asthma) and vascular remodeling affecting pulmonary circulation (Pulmonary Hypertension, PH). The analysis highlights primary mechanisms of mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction contributing to the disease-specific pulmonary insufficiency and proposes potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim S. Ten
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Veniamin Ratner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Ashibe S, Miyamoto R, Kato Y, Nagao Y. Detrimental effects of oxidative stress in bovine oocytes during intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Theriogenology 2019; 133:71-78. [PMID: 31071617 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an essential technology in animal and human reproduction. However, the developmental competence and pregnancy rate of embryos derived from ICSI are still lower than that from the conventional in vitro fertilization technique. In this report, we focused on reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a potential detrimental factor for ICSI. Experiment 1 was conducted to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress by two different oxygen concentrations (20%: control vs. 5%) in ICSI on the developmental competence (blastocyst rate: day 7, DNA fragmentation rate: day 4) and, ROS concentration and mitochondrial membrane potential of oocytes in ICSI. In the 5% O2 group, the blastocyst rate (29.5%) was higher and DNA fragmentation rate (4.8 ± 1.0%) was lower than those in the control group significantly (12.7% and 18.2 ± 2.4%, respectively, P < 0.05). Also, ROS concentration in the 5% O2 group (12.8 ± 0.7) was significantly lower than that in the control group (47.8 ± 6.9, P < 0.05). In experiment 2, we examined the supplementation of media with reduced glutathione (GSH) during ICSI procedure in an attempt to reduce the oxidative stress. The addition of GSH to the culture medium improved the blastocyst rate (17.6% vs. 30.4%, P < 0.05), and decreased the ROS levels in the oocytes (70.0 ± 7.4 vs. 23.9 ± 4.0, P < 0.05). In conclusion, our present study revealed that oocytes are under oxidative stress in ICSI procedure. Reduction of the oxygen concentration to 5% in the culture environment, or the addition of GSH in to the medium during ICSI procedure can promote the normal embryo development following the ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ashibe
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 443 Shimokomoriya, Mohka, Tochigi 321-4415, Japan
| | - Rui Miyamoto
- University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 443 Shimokomoriya, Mohka, Tochigi 321-4415, Japan
| | - Yoku Kato
- University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 443 Shimokomoriya, Mohka, Tochigi 321-4415, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- Department of Animal Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, 443 Shimokomoriya, Mohka, Tochigi 321-4415, Japan.
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Desler C, Lillenes MS, Tønjum T, Rasmussen LJ. The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5578-5587. [PMID: 28618998 PMCID: PMC6446443 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170616110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current molecular understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has still not resulted in successful interventions. Mitochondrial dysfunction of the AD brain is currently emerging as a hallmark of this disease. One mitochondrial function often affected in AD is oxidative phosphorylation responsible for ATP production, but also for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and for the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines. This paper reviews the role of mitochondrial produced ROS and pyrimidines in the aetiology of AD and their proposed role in oxidative degeneration of macromolecules, synthesis of essential phospholipids and maintenance of mitochondrial viability in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Desler
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Meryl S Lillenes
- Healthy Brain Aging Centre (HBAC), Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone Tønjum
- Healthy Brain Aging Centre (HBAC), Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Juel Rasmussen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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de Oliveira MR. Carnosic Acid as a Promising Agent in Protecting Mitochondria of Brain Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6687-6699. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sengoku T, Murray KM, Wilson ME. Neonatal hyperoxia induces alterations in neurotrophin gene expression. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 48:31-7. [PMID: 26592967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Each year in the United States, nearly 500,000 infants a year are born prematurely. Babies born before 35 weeks gestation are often placed on ventilators and/or given supplemental oxygen. This increase in oxygen, while critical for survival, can cause long-term damage to lungs, retinas and brains. In particular, hyperoxia causes apoptosis in neurons and alters glial activity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are members of the neurotrophin family of proteins that function to promote the growth, differentiation and development of the nervous system. We hypothesized that hyperoxia can alter the regulation of these genes and by doing so adversely affect the development of the brain. We predicted that mice exposed to hyperoxic conditions would have differences in BDNF and GDNF mRNA expression and relative level of methylated promoter regions coinciding with differences in the relative levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3a mRNA expression. To test this hypothesis, newborn C57Bl/6 mice and their littermates were placed in hyperoxic or normoxic conditions from postnatal day 7 to 12. There were significant decreases in BDNF mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex following hyperoxia, but a significant increase in the isocortex. GDNF mRNA expression was significantly increased in both the isocortex and prefrontal cortex following hyperoxia. DNMT1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the isocortex but significantly increased in the prefrontal following hyperoxia. Together these data suggest that short-term exposure to hyperoxic conditions can affect the regulation and expression of BDNF and GDNF potentially leading to alterations in neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sengoku
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physiology, 800 Rose Street, MS 508, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - K M Murray
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physiology, 800 Rose Street, MS 508, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - M E Wilson
- University of Kentucky, Department of Physiology, 800 Rose Street, MS 508, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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14
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Lee S, Han KH, Yabuki E, Nakamura Y, Kawakami S, Shimada K, Hayakawa T, Onoue H, Fukushima M. Dietary l-cysteine inhibits d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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15
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Bolton DJ. Campylobacter virulence and survival factors. Food Microbiol 2014; 48:99-108. [PMID: 25790997 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite over 30 years of research, campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent foodborne bacterial infection in many countries including in the European Union and the United States of America. However, relatively little is known about the virulence factors in Campylobacter or how an apparently fragile organism can survive in the food chain, often with enhanced pathogenicity. This review collates information on the virulence and survival determinants including motility, chemotaxis, adhesion, invasion, multidrug resistance, bile resistance and stress response factors. It discusses their function in transition through the food processing environment and human infection. In doing so it provides a fundamental understanding of Campylobacter, critical for improved diagnosis, surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan J Bolton
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
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16
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Sliman SM, Patel RB, Cruff JP, Kotha SR, Newland CA, Schrader CA, Sherwani SI, Gurney TO, Magalang UJ, Parinandi NL. Adiponectin protects against hyperoxic lung injury and vascular leak. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 67:399-414. [PMID: 22183615 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Ad), an adipokine exclusively secreted by the adipose tissue, has emerged as a paracrine metabolic regulator as well as a protectant against oxidative stress. Pharmacological approaches of protecting against clinical hyperoxic lung injury during oxygen therapy/treatment are limited. We have previously reported that Ad inhibits the NADPH oxidase-catalyzed formation of superoxide from molecular oxygen in human neutrophils. Based on this premise, we conducted studies to determine whether (i) exogenous Ad would protect against the hyperoxia-induced barrier dysfunction in the lung endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro, and (ii) endogenously synthesized Ad would protect against hyperoxic lung injury in wild-type (WT) and Ad-overexpressing transgenic (AdTg) mice in vivo. The results demonstrated that exogenous Ad protected against the hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress, loss of glutathione (GSH), cytoskeletal reorganization, barrier dysfunction, and leak in the lung ECs in vitro. Furthermore, the hyperoxia-induced lung injury, vascular leak, and lipid peroxidation were significantly attenuated in AdTg mice in vivo. Also, AdTg mice exhibited elevated levels of total thiols and GSH in the lungs as compared with WT mice. For the first time, our studies demonstrated that Ad protected against the hyperoxia-induced lung damage apparently through attenuation of oxidative stress and modulation of thiol-redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Sliman
- Lipid Signaling, Lipidomics, and Vasculotoxicity Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 473 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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17
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Monteiro F, Bernal V, Saelens X, Lozano AB, Bernal C, Sevilla A, Carrondo MJ, Alves PM. Metabolic profiling of insect cell lines: Unveiling cell line determinants behind system's productivity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:816-28. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Monteiro
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica; Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biológica; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Oeiras Portugal
| | - Vicente Bernal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Xavier Saelens
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research; VIB; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Ana B. Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Cristina Bernal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Angel Sevilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Murcia; Murcia Spain
- Inbionova Biotech S.L.; Universidad de Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Manuel J.T. Carrondo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica; Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biológica; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Oeiras Portugal
- Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Caparica Portugal
| | - Paula M. Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica; Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biológica; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Oeiras Portugal
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18
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Singh AK, Pandey P, Tewari M, Pandey HP, Shukla HS. Human mitochondrial genome flaws and risk of cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:329-34. [PMID: 25204536 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.796520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria perform significant roles in cellular energy metabolism. Among others, these functions include free radicals generation, control of cell death, growth, development, integration of signals from mitochondria to nucleus and nucleus to mitochondria, and various metabolic pathways. The biological impact of a given mutation may vary, depending on the nature of the mutation and the proportion of mutant mtDNAs carried by the cell. Identification of mtDNA mutations in precancerous lesions supports their early contribution to cell transformation and cancer progression. Introduction of mtDNA mutations in transformed cells has been associated with increased ROS production and tumor growth. Studies reveal that increased and altered mtDNA plays a role in the development of cancer but further work is required to establish the functional significance of specific mitochondrial mutations in cancer and disease progression. This review briefly summarizes the recent progress in this field.
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19
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Patkar RN, Ramos-Pamplona M, Gupta AP, Fan Y, Naqvi NI. Mitochondrial β-oxidation regulates organellar integrity and is necessary for conidial germination and invasive growth inMagnaporthe oryzae. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:1345-63. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh N. Patkar
- Fungal Patho-Biology Group; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory; Singapore; 117604
| | | | - Archna P. Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; 60 Nanyang Drive; Singapore; 637551
| | - Yang Fan
- Fungal Patho-Biology Group; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory; Singapore; 117604
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20
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Chi MC, Chen YY, Lo HF, Lin LL. Experimental evidence for the involvement of amino acid residue Glu398 in the autocatalytic processing of Bacillus licheniformis γ-glutamyltranspeptidase. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:298-304. [PMID: 23772362 PMCID: PMC3678132 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of glutamate 398 in the autocatalytic processing of Bacillus licheniformis γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (BlGGT) was explored by site-directed mutagenesis. This glutamate was substituted by either alanine, aspartate, arginine or glutamine and the expressed mutant enzymes were purified to apparent homogeneity with metal-affinity chromatography. SDS–PAGE analysis showed that E398A, E398D and E398K were unable to process themselves into a large and a small subunit. However, E398Q was not only able to process itself, but also had a catalytic activity comparable to that of BlGGT. As compared with the wild-type enzyme, no significant change in circular dichroism spectra was observed for the mutant proteins. Thermal unfolding of BlGGT, E398A, E398D, E398K and E398Q followed the two-state unfolding process with a transition point (Tm) of 47.7–69.4 °C. Tryptophan fluorescence spectra of the mutant enzymes were different from the wild-type protein in terms of fluorescence intensity. Native BlGGT started to unfold beyond ∼1.92 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) and reached an unfolded intermediate, [GdnHCl]0.5, N–U, at 3.07 M equivalent to free energy change (ΔGN−UH2O) of 14.53 kcal/mol for the N → U process, whereas the denaturation midpoints for the mutant enzymes were 1.31–2.99 M equivalent to ΔGN−UH2O of 3.29–12.05 kcal/mol. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the explored glutamate residue is indeed important for the autocatalytic processing of BlGGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chun Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Taiwan
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21
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Glutathione homeostasis and functions: potential targets for medical interventions. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2012; 2012:736837. [PMID: 22500213 PMCID: PMC3303626 DOI: 10.1155/2012/736837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide, which has many biological roles including protection against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The primary goal of this paper is to characterize the principal mechanisms of the protective role of GSH against reactive species and electrophiles. The ancillary goals are to provide up-to-date knowledge of GSH biosynthesis, hydrolysis, and utilization; intracellular compartmentalization and interorgan transfer; elimination of endogenously produced toxicants; involvement in metal homeostasis; glutathione-related enzymes and their regulation; glutathionylation of sulfhydryls. Individual sections are devoted to the relationships between GSH homeostasis and pathologies as well as to developed research tools and pharmacological approaches to manipulating GSH levels. Special attention is paid to compounds mainly of a natural origin (phytochemicals) which affect GSH-related processes. The paper provides starting points for development of novel tools and provides a hypothesis for investigation of the physiology and biochemistry of glutathione with a focus on human and animal health.
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22
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Selvarasu S, Ho YS, Chong WPK, Wong NSC, Yusufi FNK, Lee YY, Yap MGS, Lee DY. Combined in silico modeling and metabolomics analysis to characterize fed-batch CHO cell culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:1415-29. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Hermans D, Van Deun K, Martel A, Van Immerseel F, Messens W, Heyndrickx M, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F. Colonization factors of Campylobacter jejuni in the chicken gut. Vet Res 2011; 42:82. [PMID: 21714866 PMCID: PMC3156733 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter contaminated broiler chicken meat is an important source of foodborne gastroenteritis and poses a serious health burden in industrialized countries. Broiler chickens are commonly regarded as a natural host for this zoonotic pathogen and infected birds carry a very high C. jejuni load in their gastrointestinal tract, especially the ceca. This eventually results in contaminated carcasses during processing. Current intervention methods fail to reduce the colonization of broiler chicks by C. jejuni due to an incomplete understanding on the interaction between C. jejuni and its avian host. Clearly, C. jejuni developed several survival and colonization mechanisms which are responsible for its highly adapted nature to the chicken host. But how these mechanisms interact with one another, leading to persistent, high-level cecal colonization remains largely obscure. A plethora of mutagenesis studies in the past few years resulted in the identification of several of the genes and proteins of C. jejuni involved in different aspects of the cellular response of this bacterium in the chicken gut. In this review, a thorough, up-to-date overview will be given of the survival mechanisms and colonization factors of C. jejuni identified to date. These factors may contribute to our understanding on how C. jejuni survival and colonization in chicks is mediated, as well as provide potential targets for effective subunit vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hermans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kim Van Deun
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Winy Messens
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Technology and Food Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
- Current address: Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Largo N. Palli 5/A, I-43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Technology and Food Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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24
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Consequences of hyperoxia and the toxicity of oxygen in the lung. Nurs Res Pract 2011; 2011:260482. [PMID: 21994818 PMCID: PMC3169834 DOI: 10.1155/2011/260482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O(2)) is life essential but as a drug has a maximum positive biological benefit and accompanying toxicity effects. Oxygen is therapeutic for treatment of hypoxemia and hypoxia associated with many pathological processes. Pathophysiological processes are associated with increased levels of hyperoxia-induced reactive O(2) species (ROS) which may readily react with surrounding biological tissues, damaging lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Protective antioxidant defenses can become overwhelmed with ROS leading to oxidative stress. Activated alveolar capillary endothelium is characterized by increased adhesiveness causing accumulation of cell populations such as neutrophils, which are a source of ROS. Increased levels of ROS cause hyperpermeability, coagulopathy, and collagen deposition as well as other irreversible changes occurring within the alveolar space. In hyperoxia, multiple signaling pathways determine the pulmonary cellular response: apoptosis, necrosis, or repair. Understanding the effects of O(2) administration is important to prevent inadvertent alveolar damage caused by hyperoxia in patients requiring supplemental oxygenation.
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Abstract
Infants of birth weight ≤2500 g are termed low birth weight (LBW). These children often have considerable morbidity from prematurity and intra-uterine growth restriction. Additionally, LBW infants have increased risk for cardiac and noncardiac congenital anomalies and may require surgery. Primary rather than palliative surgical repair of cardiac lesions has been preferred in recent years. However, LBW remains a risk factor for increased mortality and morbidity after open-heart surgery (OHS). There is a paucity of information about the anesthetic challenges presented by LBW infants undergoing OHS. This review summarizes the perioperative issues of relevance to anesthesiologists who manage these high-risk patients. Emphasis is placed on management concerns that are unique to LBW infants. Retrospective data from the authors' institution are provided for those aspects of anesthetic care that lack published studies. Successful outcome often requires substantial hospital resources and collaborative multi-disciplinary effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn D Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stanford University, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
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26
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Desler C, Marcker ML, Singh KK, Rasmussen LJ. The importance of mitochondrial DNA in aging and cancer. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:407536. [PMID: 21584235 PMCID: PMC3092560 DOI: 10.4061/2011/407536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in premature aging, age-related diseases, and tumor initiation and progression. Alterations of the mitochondrial genome accumulate both in aging tissue and tumors. This paper describes our contemporary view of mechanisms by which alterations of the mitochondrial genome contributes to the development of age- and tumor-related pathological conditions. The mechanisms described encompass altered production of mitochondrial ROS, altered regulation of the nuclear epigenome, affected initiation of apoptosis, and a limiting effect on the production of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Desler
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Heyob KM, Rogers LK, Tipple TE, Welty SE. Riboflavin supplementation does not attenuate hyperoxic lung injury in transgenic (spc-mt)hGR mice. Exp Lung Res 2010; 37:155-61. [PMID: 21128861 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2010.516057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that mice expressing mitochondrially targeted human glutathione reductase (GR) driven by a surfactant protein C promoter ((spc-mt)hGR) are functionally riboflavin deficient and that this deficiency exacerbates hyperoxic lung injury. The authors further hypothesized that dietary supplementation with riboflavin (FADH) will improve the bioactivity of GR, thus enhancing resistance to hyperoxic lung injury. Transgenic (mt-spc)hGR mice and their nontransgenic littermates were fed control or riboflavin-supplemented diets upon weaning. At 6 weeks of age the mice were exposed to either room air (RA) or >95% O(2) for up to 84 hours. GR activities (with and without exogenous FADH) and GR protein levels were measured in lung tissue homogenates. Glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) concentrations were assayed to identify changes in GR activity in vivo. Lung injury was assessed by right lung to body weight ratios and bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentrations. The data showed that enhanced GR activity in the mitochondria of lung type II cells does not protect adult mice from hyperoxic lung injury. Furthermore, the addition of riboflavin to the diets of (spc-mt)hGR mice neither enhances GR activities nor offers protection from hyperoxic lung injury. The results indicated that modulation of mitochondrial GR activity in lung type II cells is not an effective therapy to minimize hyperoxic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Heyob
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Kamboj SS, Sandhir R. Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine supplementation on mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial enzymes in cerebral cortex of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats. Mitochondrion 2010; 11:214-22. [PMID: 21059408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy, characterized by cognitive deficits involves hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress. Impaired mitochondrial functions might play an important role in accelerated oxidative damage observed in diabetic brain. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunctions in the development of diabetic encephalopathy along with the neuroprotective potential of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Chronic hyperglycemia accentuated mitochondrial oxidative stress in terms of increased ROS production and lipid peroxidation. Significant decrease in Mn-SOD activity along with protein and non-protein thiols was observed in the mitochondria from diabetic brain. The activities of mitochondrial enzymes; NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were decreased in the diabetic brain. Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunctions were associated with increased cytochrome c and active caspase-3 levels in cytosol. Electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial swelling and chromatin condensation in neurons of diabetic animals. NAC administration, on the other hand was found to significantly improve diabetes-induced biochemical and morphological changes, bringing them closer to the controls. The results from the study provide evidence for the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunctions in the development of diabetic encephalopathy and point towards the clinical potential of NAC as an adjuvant therapy to conventional anti-hyperglycemic regimens for the prevention and/or delaying the progression of CNS complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhdev S Kamboj
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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29
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Maron JL, Johnson KL, Parkin C, Iyer L, Davis JM, Bianchi DW. Cord blood genomic analysis highlights the role of redox balance. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:992-6. [PMID: 20566327 PMCID: PMC2921475 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neonates are exposed to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species as they transition from a hypoxic intrauterine to a normoxic extrauterine environment at birth. This increased oxidative stress is associated with neonatal morbidity. Current antioxidant supplementation treatment strategies have yet to translate into improved neonatal outcomes. Our understanding of a newborn's intricate redox balance, particularly at the genomic level, remains limited. Here, we performed genomic microarray analyses (approximately 14,500 genes) on extracted mRNA from umbilical cord whole blood at term gestation (n=10). Bioinformatic analyses identified 282 genes (2.0%) that were consistently present within the highest quintile of expressed genes. These genes were highly associated with oxidant stress and included superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, peroxiredoxins, and uncoupling proteins. Pathway analyses identified statistically significantly overrepresented functional pathways including "oxidative stress," "oxidative stress response mediated by nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor," "hypoxia-inducible factor signaling," and "mitochondrial dysfunction" (p<0.05). These results suggest that neonates require high levels of antioxidants and an intricate cellular redox balance to ensure a successful transition to the extrauterine environment. Understanding the genes necessary to maintain this delicate redox balance may lead to the development of alternative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Maron
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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30
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Métrailler-Ruchonnet I, Pagano A, Carnesecchi S, Khatib K, Herrera P, Donati Y, Bron C, Barazzone C. Bcl-2 overexpression in type II epithelial cells does not prevent hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 299:L312-22. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00212.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic molecule preventing oxidative stress damage and cell death. We have previously shown that Bcl-2 is able to prevent hyperoxia-induced cell death when overexpressed in a murine fibrosarcoma cell line L929. We hypothesized that its specific overexpression in pulmonary epithelial type II cells could prevent hyperoxia-induced lung injury by protecting the epithelial side of the alveolo-capillary barrier. In the present work, we first showed that in vitro Bcl-2 can rescue murine pulmonary epithelial cells (MLE12) from oxygen-induced cell apoptosis, as shown by analysis of LDH release, annexin V/propidium staining, and caspase-3 activity. We then generated transgenic mice overexpressing specifically Bcl-2 in lung epithelial type II cells under surfactant protein C (SP-C) promoter (Tg-Bcl-2) and exposed them to hyperoxia. Bcl-2 did not hinder hyperoxia-induced mitochondria and DNA oxidative damage of type II cell in vivo. Accordingly, lung damage was identical in both Tg-Bcl-2 and littermate mice strains, as measured by lung weight, bronchoalveolar lavage, and protein content. Nevertheless, we observed a significant lower number of TUNEL-positive cells in type II cells isolated from Tg-Bcl-2 mice exposed to hyperoxia compared with cells isolated from littermate mice. In summary, these results show that although Bcl-2 overexpression is able to prevent hyperoxia-induced cell death at single cell level in vitro and ex vivo, it is not sufficient to prevent cell death of parenchymal cells and to protect the lung from acute damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Pagano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 911, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie biologique et en Oncopharmacologie, Université Aix-Marseille, France; and
| | - Stéphanie Carnesecchi
- Departments of 1Pediatrics and
- Pathology-Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Khatib
- Pathology-Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Donati
- Departments of 1Pediatrics and
- Pathology-Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Camille Bron
- Departments of 1Pediatrics and
- Pathology-Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Constance Barazzone
- Departments of 1Pediatrics and
- Pathology-Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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Nagato A, Silva FL, Silva AR, Bezerra FS, Oliveira ML, Belló-Klein A, Cristovao Porto L, Santos Valenca S. Hyperoxia-induced lung injury is dose dependent in Wistar rats. Exp Lung Res 2010; 35:713-28. [PMID: 19895324 DOI: 10.3109/01902140902853184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is indispensable for aerobic respiration. However, the effects of hyperoxia on the lungs are poorly defined. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of different oxygen concentrations on rat lungs. Rats (n = 6 per group) were exposed to hyperoxia for 90 minutes at 3 different concentrations: 50% (H50%), 75% (H75%), or 100% (H100%). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and the right lungs were removed for histological analyses. The BAL samples were assayed for lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status using biochemical methods. Hyperoxia induced influxes of macrophages (1.8- to 2.3-fold) and neutrophils (7.0- to 10.2-fold) into the lungs compared to the control group (exposed to normoxia; n = 6). Histological analyses of the hyperoxic groups showed hemorrhagic areas and septal edema. A significant increase (2.2-fold) in lipid peroxidation was observed in the H100% group compared to the control group (P <.05). Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were reduced to approximately 20% and 40% of the control values, respectively, in all 3 hyperoxic groups, and catalase activity was reduced in both the H75% (-0.6-fold) and H100% (-0.7-fold) groups. These results indicate a harmful effect of hyperoxia on the rat lung, with evidence of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and histological damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Nagato
- Department of Histology and Embryology, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Marí M, Morales A, Colell A, García-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC. Mitochondrial glutathione, a key survival antioxidant. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2685-700. [PMID: 19558212 PMCID: PMC2821140 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 657] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the primary intracellular site of oxygen consumption and the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), most of them originating from the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Among the arsenal of antioxidants and detoxifying enzymes existing in mitochondria, mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) emerges as the main line of defense for the maintenance of the appropriate mitochondrial redox environment to avoid or repair oxidative modifications leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. mGSH importance is based not only on its abundance, but also on its versatility to counteract hydrogen peroxide, lipid hydroperoxides, or xenobiotics, mainly as a cofactor of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase or glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Many death-inducing stimuli interact with mitochondria, causing oxidative stress; in addition, numerous pathologies are characterized by a consistent decrease in mGSH levels, which may sensitize to additional insults. From the evaluation of mGSH influence on different pathologic settings such as hypoxia, ischemia/reperfusion injury, aging, liver diseases, and neurologic disorders, it is becoming evident that it has an important role in the pathophysiology and biomedical strategies aimed to boost mGSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Marí
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic , IDIBAPS-CIBEK, CIBEREHD, and Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
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Niermeyer S, Vento M. Is 100% oxygen necessary for the resuscitation of newborn infants? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 15:75-84. [PMID: 15209113 DOI: 10.1080/14767050310001650761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper reproduces in detail the debate 'pro-and-con' regarding the use of 100% oxygen or room air in the resuscitation of the asphyxiated newly born infants, celebrated in Oslo at the 2002 European Association of Perinatal Medicine (EAPM) meeting, in which both co-authors participated as featured speakers. The authors describe their arguments which are based on medical tradition, clinical experience, basic science, and prospective randomized and pseudo-randomized clinical studies that have been reported in the past years. Both authors stress the importance of the long-term consequences of the use of high oxygen concentrations in the perinatal period and conclude that there is a need for further research in the way of ample prospective randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Niermeyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colorado 80218-1088, USA
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McGrath-Morrow S, Lauer T, Yee M, Neptune E, Podowski M, Thimmulappa RK, O'Reilly M, Biswal S. Nrf2 increases survival and attenuates alveolar growth inhibition in neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 296:L565-73. [PMID: 19151108 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90487.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress is associated with perinatal asphyxia and respiratory distress in the newborn period. Induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor (Nrf2) has been shown to decrease oxidative stress through the regulation of specific gene pathways. We hypothesized that Nrf2 attenuates mortality and alveolar growth inhibition in newborn mice exposed to hyperoxia. Nrf2(+/+) and Nrf2(-/-) newborn mice were exposed to hyperoxia at 24 h. Survival was significantly less in Nrf2(-/-) mice exposed to 72 h of hyperoxia and returned to room air (P < 0.0001) and in Nrf2(-/-) mice exposed to hyperoxia for 8 continuous days (P < 0.005). To determine the response of Nrf2 target genes to hyperoxia, glutathione peroxidase 2 (Gpx2) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) expression was measured from lung of newborn mice using real-time PCR. In the Nrf2(+/+) mice, significant induction of lung Gpx2 and NQO1 above room air controls was found with hyperoxia. In contrast, Nrf2(-/-) mice had minimal induction of lung Gpx2 and NQO1 with hyperoxia. Expression of p21 and IL-6, genes not regulated by Nrf2, were also measured. IL-6 expression in Nrf2(-/-) lung was markedly induced by 72 h of hyperoxia in contrast to the Nrf2(+/+) mice. p21 was induced in both Nrf2(+/+) and Nrf2(-/-) lung by hyperoxia. Mean linear intercept (MLI) and mean chord length (MCL) were significantly increased in 14-day-old Nrf2(-/-) mice previously exposed to hyperoxia compared with Nrf2(+/+) mice. The percentage of surfactant protein C (Sp-c(+)) type 2 alveolar cells in 14-day-old Nrf2(-/-) mice exposed to neonatal hyperoxia was also significantly less than Nrf2(+/+) mice (P < 0.02). In summary, these findings indicate that Nrf2 increases survival in newborn mice exposed to hyperoxia and that Nrf2 may help attenuate alveolar growth inhibition caused by hyperoxia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon McGrath-Morrow
- Dept. of Pediatric Pulmonary, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-2533, USA.
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Ratner V, Slinko S, Utkina-Sosunova I, Starkov A, Polin RA, Ten VS. Hypoxic stress exacerbates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in a neonatal mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Neonatology 2009; 95:299-305. [PMID: 19052476 PMCID: PMC3659784 DOI: 10.1159/000178798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature infants with lung injury often experience intermittent episodes of hypoxemia. OBJECTIVE This study investigates whether intermittent hypoxemia exacerbates oxidative stress and lung injury in neonatal mice in a hyperoxia-induced model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS For the BPD model, 3-day-old C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to hyperoxia (65% O(2)) for 4 weeks (O(2) group) or to hyperoxia and intermittent (10 min daily) hypoxia (O(2) + H group). Upon completion of O(2) or O(2) + H exposure, the degree of pulmonary alveolarization and granulocytic infiltration were examined. The severity of oxidative injury in lungs was defined by tissue glutathione and protein carbonyl content. Data were compared to those in naïve mice and mice subjected only to intermittent hypoxia. RESULTS Hyperoxia-exposed mice exhibited a dramatic (p < 0.0001) decrease of alveolarization, significantly increased granulocytic infiltration (p < 0.0001) and increased protein carbonyl content (p = 0.04) compared to naïve mice. However, O(2) + H mice demonstrated significantly (p = 0.03) fewer alveoli compared to their O(2) counterparts. This was associated with a significantly (p = 0.02) decreased pulmonary total/oxidized glutathione ratio and a significant (p = 0.03) elevation of protein carbonyl content. CONCLUSIONS Thus, intermittent hypoxic stress during hyperoxic induction of BPD in mice potentiates oxidative stress in lung tissue and exacerbates alveolar developmental arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veniamin Ratner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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de Jonge E, Peelen L, Keijzers PJ, Joore H, de Lange D, van der Voort PHJ, Bosman RJ, de Waal RAL, Wesselink R, de Keizer NF. Association between administered oxygen, arterial partial oxygen pressure and mortality in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2008; 12:R156. [PMID: 19077208 PMCID: PMC2646321 DOI: 10.1186/cc7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate whether in-hospital mortality was associated with the administered fraction of oxygen in inspired air (FiO2) and achieved arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2). METHODS This was a retrospective, observational study on data from the first 24 h after admission from 36,307 consecutive patients admitted to 50 Dutch intensive care units (ICUs) and treated with mechanical ventilation. Oxygenation data from all admission days were analysed in a subset of 3,322 patients in 5 ICUs. RESULTS Mean PaO2 and FiO2 in the first 24 h after ICU admission were 13.2 kPa (standard deviation (SD) 6.5) and 50% (SD 20%) respectively. Mean PaO2 and FiO2 from all admission days were 12.4 kPa (SD 5.5) and 53% (SD 18). Focusing on oxygenation in the first 24 h of admission, in-hospital mortality was shown to be linearly related to FiO2 value and had a U-shaped relationship with PaO2 (both lower and higher PaO2 values were associated with a higher mortality), independent of each other and of Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, age, admission type, reduced Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and individual ICU. Focusing on the entire ICU stay, in-hospital mortality was independently associated with mean FiO2 during ICU stay and with the lower two quintiles of mean PaO2 value during ICU stay. CONCLUSIONS Actually achieved PaO2 values in ICU patients in The Netherlands are higher than generally recommended in the literature. High FiO2, and both low PaO2 and high PaO2 in the first 24 h after admission are independently associated with in-hospital mortality in ICU patients. Future research should study whether this association is causal or merely a reflection of differences in severity of illness insufficiently corrected for in the multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert de Jonge
- Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hildebrandt TM, Grieshaber MK. Redox regulation of mitochondrial sulfide oxidation in the lugworm, Arenicola marina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 211:2617-23. [PMID: 18689415 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.019729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sulfide oxidation in the lugworm, Arenicola marina (L.), is most likely localized in the mitochondria, which can either produce ATP with sulfide as a substrate or detoxify it via an alternative oxidase. The present study identified selective activators of the energy-conserving and the detoxifying sulfide oxidation pathways respectively. In the presence of the ROS scavengers glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate, isolated lugworm mitochondria rapidly oxidized up to 100 micromoll(-1) sulfide with maximal oxygen consumption rates but did not produce any ATP in the process. Under these conditions, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), which is an inhibitor of the alternative oxidase of plant mitochondria, completely blocked oxygen consumption whereas inhibitors of complex III and IV had hardly any effect. By contrast, dehydroascorbate (DHA) enabled the mitochondria to gain ATP from sulfide oxidation even if the sulfide concentration far exceeded the threshold for inhibition of cytochrome oxidase. In the presence of dehydroascorbate, respiratory rates were independent of sulfide concentrations, with a respiratory control ratio of 2.1+/-0.2, and both oxygen consumption and ATP production were completely inhibited by myxothiazol and sodium azide but only marginally by SHAM. The present data indicate that a redox mechanism may contribute to the regulation of sulfide oxidation in lugworm mitochondria in vivo. Thus, mitochondria are presumably much more sulfide resistant in a cellular context than previously thought.
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Heyob KM, Rogers LK, Welty SE. Glutathione reductase targeted to type II cells does not protect mice from hyperoxic lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 39:683-8. [PMID: 18566333 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0112oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of the lung epithelium to reactive oxygen species without adequate antioxidant defenses leads to airway inflammation, and may contribute to lung injury. Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the reduction of peroxides by oxidation of glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulfide (GSSG), which can in turn be reduced by glutathione reductase (GR). Increased levels of GSSG have been shown to correlate negatively with outcome after oxidant exposure, and increased GR activity has been protective against hyperoxia in lung epithelial cells in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that increased GR expression targeted to type II alveolar epithelial cells would improve outcome in hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Human GR with a mitochondrial targeting sequence was targeted to mouse type II cells using the SPC promoter. Two transgenic lines were identified, with Line 2 having higher lung GR activities than Line 1. Both transgenic lines had lower lung GSSG levels and higher GSH/GSSG ratios than wild-type. Six-week-old wild-type and transgenic mice were exposed to greater than 95% O2 or room air (RA) for 84 hours. After exposure, Line 2 mice had higher right lung/body weight ratios and lavage protein concentrations than wild-type mice, and both lines 1 and 2 had lower GSSG levels than wild-type mice. These findings suggest that GSSG accumulation in the lung may not play a significant role in the development of hyperoxic lung injury, or that compensatory responses to unregulated GR expression render animals more susceptible to hyperoxic lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Heyob
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
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Rao R. Oxidative stress-induced disruption of epithelial and endothelial tight junctions. FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE : A JOURNAL AND VIRTUAL LIBRARY 2008; 13:7210-26. [PMID: 18508729 PMCID: PMC6261932 DOI: 10.2741/3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mounting body of evidence indicates that the disruption of epithelial tight junctions and resulting loss of barrier function play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a variety of gastrointestinal, hepatic, pulmonary, kidney and ocular diseases. Increased production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and reactive oxygen species disrupt the epithelial and endothelial barrier function by destabilizing tight junctions. Oxidative stress induced by various reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid disrupt the epithelial and endothelial tight junctions in various tissues. The mechanism involved in oxidative stress-induced disruption of tight junction includes protein modification such as thiol oxidation, phosphorylation, nitration and carbonylation. The role of signaling molecules such as protein kinases and protein phosphatases in regulation of tight junctions is discussed in this article. Understanding such mechanisms in oxidative stress-induced disruption of epithelial and endothelial barrier functions is likely to provide insight into the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, and may form a basis for the design of treatment strategies for different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Aoki T, Yamasawa F, Kawashiro T, Shibata T, Ishizaka A, Urano T, Okada Y. Effects of long-term low-dose oxygen supplementation on the epithelial function, collagen metabolism and interstitial fibrogenesis in the guinea pig lung. Respir Res 2008; 9:37. [PMID: 18439301 PMCID: PMC2377243 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-9-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The patient population receiving long-term oxygen therapy has increased with the rising morbidity of COPD. Although high-dose oxygen induces pulmonary edema and interstitial fibrosis, potential lung injury caused by long-term exposure to low-dose oxygen has not been fully analyzed. This study was designed to clarify the effects of long-term low-dose oxygen inhalation on pulmonary epithelial function, edema formation, collagen metabolism, and alveolar fibrosis. Methods Guinea pigs (n = 159) were exposed to either 21% or 40% oxygen for a maximum of 16 weeks, and to 90% oxygen for a maximum of 120 hours. Clearance of inhaled technetium-labeled diethylene triamine pentaacetate (Tc-DTPA) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid-to-serum ratio (BAL/Serum) of albumin (ALB) were used as markers of epithelial permeability. Lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) was measured to evaluate pulmonary edema, and types I and III collagenolytic activities and hydroxyproline content in the lung were analyzed as indices of collagen metabolism. Pulmonary fibrotic state was evaluated by histological quantification of fibrous tissue area stained with aniline blue. Results The clearance of Tc-DTPA was higher with 2 week exposure to 40% oxygen, while BAL/Serum Alb and W/D did not differ between the 40% and 21% groups. In the 40% oxygen group, type I collagenolytic activities at 2 and 4 weeks and type III collagenolytic activity at 2 weeks were increased. Hydroxyproline and fibrous tissue area were also increased at 2 weeks. No discernible injury was histologically observed in the 40% group, while progressive alveolar damage was observed in the 90% group. Conclusion These results indicate that epithelial function is damaged, collagen metabolism is affected, and both breakdown of collagen fibrils and fibrogenesis are transiently induced even with low-dose 40% oxygen exposure. However, these changes are successfully compensated even with continuous exposure to low-dose oxygen. We conclude that long-term low-dose oxygen exposure does not significantly induce permanent lung injury in guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Aoki
- Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.
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Gao N, Li L, Shi Z, Zhang X, Jin W. High-throughput determination of glutathione and reactive oxygen species in single cells based on fluorescence images in a microchannel. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3966-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Franco R, Schoneveld OJ, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. The central role of glutathione in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Arch Physiol Biochem 2007; 113:234-58. [PMID: 18158646 DOI: 10.1080/13813450701661198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is the prevalent low-molecular-weight thiol in mammalian cells. It is formed in a two-step enzymatic process including, first, the formation of gamma-glutamylcysteine from glutamate and cysteine, by the activity of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase; and second, the formation of GSH by the activity of GSH synthetase which uses gamma-glutamylcysteine and glycine as substrates. While its synthesis and metabolism occur intracellularly, its catabolism occurs extracellularly by a series of enzymatic and plasma membrane transport steps. Glutathione metabolism and transport participates in many cellular reactions including: antioxidant defense of the cell, drug detoxification and cell signaling (involved in the regulation of gene expression, apoptosis and cell proliferation). Alterations in its concentration have also been demonstrated to be a common feature of many pathological conditions including diabetes, cancer, AIDS, neurodegenerative and liver diseases. Additionally, GSH catabolism has been recently reported to modulate redox-sensitive components of signal transduction cascades. In this manuscript, we review the current state of knowledge on the role of GSH in the pathogenesis of human diseases with the aim to underscore its relevance in translational research for future therapeutic treatment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Franco
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Tabassum H, Parvez S, Rehman H, Banerjee BD, Raisuddin S. Catechin as an antioxidant in liver mitochondrial toxicity: Inhibition of tamoxifen-induced protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2007; 21:110-7. [PMID: 17623883 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a nonsteroidal triphenylethylene antiestrogenic drug widely used in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. TAM brings about a collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential. It acts both as an uncoupling agent and as a powerful inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport chain. The effect of catechin pretreatment on the mitochondrial toxicity of TAM was studied in liver mitochondria of Swiss albino mice. TAM treatment caused a significant increase in the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the protein carbonyls (PCs). It also caused a significant increase in superoxide radical production. Pretreatment of mice with catechin (40 mg/kg) showed significant protection as demonstrated by marked attenuation of increased oxidative stress parameters such LPO, PCs, and superoxide production. It also restored the decreased nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants of mitochondria. The inhibitory effect of catechin on TAM-:induced oxidative damage suggests that it may have potential benefits in prevention of human diseases where reactive oxygen species have some role as causative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Tabassum
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India
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Clucas L, Doyle LW, Dawson J, Donath S, Davis PG. Compliance with alarm limits for pulse oximetry in very preterm infants. Pediatrics 2007; 119:1056-60. [PMID: 17545370 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the rate of compliance with hospital guidelines for alarm limits for pulse oximetry in preterm infants on oxygen therapy. METHODS All infants admitted to the nurseries at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, with gestational age <32 weeks or birth weight <1500 g between August 2005 and February 2006 were eligible for inclusion. Data on the alarm limits set for infants on oxygen therapy were collected prospectively. The target saturation range recommended in written hospital guidelines was 88% to 92%, with alarm limits set at 85% and 94%. RESULTS Data were prospectively collected for 144 subjects with mean (SD) gestational age 29.3 (2.4) weeks and birth weight 1226 (354) g; 1073 alarm limits were collected when infants were on oxygen. The lower alarm limit was set correctly 91.1% of the time. In contrast, the upper alarm limit was set correctly only 23.3% of the time: 76.5% of the time it was too high, and 23.8% of the time it was set at 100%. Infants with an upper alarm limit set correctly on a particular day had a significantly lower birth weight, gestational age, postmenstrual age, and postnatal age than infants who had the upper alarm limit set too high. Use of assisted ventilation, higher inspired oxygen concentrations, and more frequent changes in inspired oxygen concentration were all associated with improved odds of having an appropriately set upper alarm limit. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that current guidelines regarding the upper pulse oximeter alarm limit for infants receiving oxygen might be commonly exceeded, although compliance might be better for infants at higher risk of adverse outcomes. However, there might be less variation from guidelines for the lower alarm limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Clucas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Barnes IH, Bagnall MC, Browning DD, Thompson SA, Manning G, Newell DG. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase has a role in the persistent colonization of the avian gut by Campylobacter jejuni. Microb Pathog 2007; 43:198-207. [PMID: 17600669 PMCID: PMC2778803 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) to Campylobacter jejuni virulence and colonization of the avian gut has been investigated. The presence of the ggt gene in C. jejuni strains directly correlated with the expression of GGT activity as measured by cleavage and transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety. Inactivation of the monocistronic ggt gene in C. jejuni strain 81116 resulted in isogenic mutants with undetectable GGT activity; nevertheless, these mutants grew normally in vitro. However, the mutants had increased motility, a 5.4-fold higher invasion efficiency into INT407 cells in vitro and increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide stress. Moreover, the apoptosis-inducing activity of the ggt mutant was significantly lower than that of the parental strain. In vivo studies showed that, although GGT activity was not required for initial colonization of 1-day-old chicks, the enzyme was required for persistent colonization of the avian gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- If H.A. Barnes
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912-2100, USA
| | - Mary C. Bagnall
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Darren D. Browning
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912-2100, USA
| | - Stuart A. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912-2100, USA
| | - Georgina Manning
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Diane G. Newell
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 1932357547; fax: +44 1932357268. (D.G. Newell)
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Abstract
Most cultured cells and intact animals die under hyperoxic conditions. However, a strain of HeLa cells that proliferates under 80% O(2), termed "HeLa-80," has been derived from wildtype HeLa cells ("HeLa-20") by selection for resistance to stepwise increases of oxygen partial pressure. The tolerance of HeLa-80 cells to hyperoxia is not associated with changes in antioxidant defenses or susceptibility to oxidant-mediated killing. Rather, under both 20 and 80% O(2), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is approximately 2-fold less in HeLa-80 cells, likely related to a significantly higher cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity ( approximately 2-fold), which may act to deplete upstream electron-rich intermediates responsible for ROS generation. We now report that in HeLa-80 cells elevated COX activity is associated with a >2-fold increase in the regulatory subunit COX Vb, whereas expression levels of other subunits are very close to wild type. Small interfering RNA against Vb selectively lowers COX Vb expression in HeLa-80 cells, increases mitochondrial ROS generation, decreases COX activity 60-80%, and diminishes viability under 80% (but not 20%) O(2). In addition, overexpression of subunit Vb increases COX activity and decreases ROS production in wild-type HeLa-20 cells, along with some increase in tolerance to hyperoxia. Overall, our results indicate that it is possible to make cells tolerant of hyperoxia by manipulation of mitochondrial electron transport. These observations may suggest new pharmaceutical strategies to diminish oxygen-mediated cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li Campian
- Molecular Targets Group, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Khanna S, Roy S, Parinandi NL, Maurer M, Sen CK. Characterization of the potent neuroprotective properties of the natural vitamin E alpha-tocotrienol. J Neurochem 2006; 98:1474-86. [PMID: 16923160 PMCID: PMC1847628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The natural vitamin E tocotrienols possess properties not shared by tocopherols. Nanomolar alpha-tocotrienol, not alpha-tocopherol, is potently neuroprotective. On a concentration basis, this finding represents the most potent of all biological functions exhibited by any natural vitamin E molecule. We sought to dissect the antioxidant-independent and -dependent neuroprotective properties of alpha-tocotrienol by using two different triggers of neurotoxicity, homocysteic acid (HCA) and linoleic acid. Both HCA and linoleic acid caused neurotoxicity with comparable features, such as increased ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione GSSG/GSH, raised intracellular calcium concentration and compromised mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanisms underlying HCA-induced neurodegeneration were comparable to those in the path implicated in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Inducible activation of c-Src and 12-lipoxygenase (12-Lox) represented early events in that pathway. Overexpression of active c-Src or 12-Lox sensitized cells to HCA-induced death. Nanomolar alpha-tocotrienol was protective. Knock-down of c-Src or 12-Lox attenuated HCA-induced neurotoxicity. Oxidative stress represented a late event in HCA-induced death. The observation that micromolar, but not nanomolar, alpha-tocotrienol functions as an antioxidant was verified in a model involving linoleic acid-induced oxidative stress and cell death. Oral supplementation of alpha-tocotrienol to humans results in a peak plasma concentration of 3 microm. Thus, oral alpha-tocotrienol may be neuroprotective by antioxidant-independent as well as antioxidant-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Khanna
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Colombus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Ling YY, Yin XF, Fang ZL. Simultaneous determination of glutathione and reactive oxygen species in individual cells by microchip electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:4759-66. [PMID: 16278919 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A microchip electrophoresis method was developed for simultaneous determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the individual erythrocyte cell. In this method, cell sampling, single-cell loading, docking, lysing, and capillary electrophoretic separation with LIF detection were integrated on a microfluidic chip with crossed channels. ROS was labeled with dihydrorhodamine 123 in the intact cell, while GSH was on-chip labeled with 2,3-naphthalene-dicarboxaldehyde, which was included in the separation medium. On-chip electrical lysis, characterized by extremely fast disruption of the cellular membrane (<40 ms), was exploited to minimize enzymatic effects on analyte concentrations during the determination. The microfluidic network was optimized to prevent cell leaking from the sample reservoir (S) into separation during the separation phase. The structure of the S was modified to avoid blockage of its outlet by deposited cells. Detection limits of 0.5 and 6.9 amol for ROS and GSH, respectively, were achieved. The average cell throughput was 25 cells/h. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated in the simultaneous determination of GSH and ROS in individual cells and the variations of cellular GSH and ROS contents in response to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yang Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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