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Ji BY, Ma XT, Rong JD, Ren GD, Pan Z, Li XM. The adult, pupa, and larva of a new species of Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Blaptini) from the Tibetan Plateau, with molecular phylogenetic inferences. Zookeys 2024; 1190:91-106. [PMID: 38298407 PMCID: PMC10829047 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1190.113126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The adult, pupa and larva of a new species, Gnaptorina (Gnaptorina) lhorongica Li, sp. nov., from northeastern Xizang, China are described and illustrated. The species was identified using molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three mitochondrial fragments and one nuclear gene fragment (COI, Cytb, 16S, and 28S-D2). The taxonomic status of the new species is confirmed using a combination of molecular and morphological datasets. This study provides valuable molecular and morphological data for phylogenetic studies of the tribe Blaptini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yue Ji
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaHebei UniversityHebeiChina
| | - Xing-Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaHebei UniversityHebeiChina
| | - Ji-Da Rong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaHebei UniversityHebeiChina
| | - Guo-Dong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaHebei UniversityHebeiChina
| | - Zhao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaHebei UniversityHebeiChina
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaHebei UniversityHebeiChina
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2
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Quicke DLJ, Ranjith AP, Priyadarsanan DR, Nasser M, Hebert PDN, Butcher BA. Two new genera and one new species of the tribe Adeshini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) from India and South Africa. Zookeys 2023; 1166:235-259. [PMID: 37346769 PMCID: PMC10280206 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1166.105589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new genera and one new species of the Braconinae tribe Adeshini are described and illustrated: Crenuladesha Ranjith & Quicke, gen. nov., type species Adeshanarendrani Ranjith, 2017, comb. nov. from India, and Protadesha Quicke & Butcher, gen. nov., type species Protadeshaintermedia Quicke & Butcher, sp. nov. from South Africa. The former lacks the mid-longitudinal propodeal carina characteristic of the tribe, and the latter displays less derived fore wing venation with two distinct abscissae of vein 2CU. A molecular phylogenetic analysis is included to confirm their correct placement. Since neither of the two new genera displays all of the characters given in the original diagnosis of the Adeshini a revised diagnosis is provided, as well as an illustrated key to the genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L. J. Quicke
- Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Avunjikkattu Parambil Ranjith
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore 560064, IndiaAshoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE)BangaloreIndia
| | - Dharma Rajan Priyadarsanan
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bangalore 560064, IndiaAshoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE)BangaloreIndia
| | - Mannankadiyan Nasser
- Insect Ecology and Ethology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala, Pin: 673635, IndiaUniversity of CalicutCalicutIndia
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, Guelph, CanadaUniversity of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Buntika A. Butcher
- Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailandChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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3
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Li XM, Ji B, Tian J, Ren GD. The Adult and Larva of a New Species of the Genus Dila (Coleoptera, Blaptinae, Blaptini) from Himalayas, with Molecular Phylogenetic Inferences of Related Genera of the Blaptini. INSECTS 2023; 14:284. [PMID: 36975968 PMCID: PMC10099737 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new species of the genus Dila Fischer von Waldheim, 1844, D. ngaria Li and Ren sp. n., was described from the southwestern Himalayas. The adult and larva were associated using molecular phylogenetic analyses based on fragments of three mitochondrial and one nuclear gene fragment (COI, Cytb, 16S and 28S-D2). Additionally, a preliminary phylogenetic tree was reconstructed and discussed based on a molecular dataset with seven related genera and 24 species of the tribe Blaptini. Meanwhile, the monophyly of the subtribe Dilina and the taxonomic status of D. bomina Ren and Li, 2001 are discussed. This work provides new molecular data for phylogenetic studies on the tribe Blaptini in the future.
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4
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Xu S, Li W, Liu Q, Wang Y, Li X, Duan X, He J, Song F. The mitochondrial genome of Binodoxys acalephae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with unique gene rearrangement and phylogenetic implications. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2641-2649. [PMID: 36639523 PMCID: PMC10011326 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species in the subfamily Aphidiinae from the Braconidae of Hymenoptera are endoparasitic wasps that exclusively utilize aphids as hosts. Some Aphidiinae species are widely used as biological agents. However, there were only one species with determined complete mitochondrial genome from this subfamily. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Binodoxys acalephae, which was 15,116 bp in size and contained 37 genes. The start codon of 13 protein-coding genes was ATN, and the complete stop codon TAA and TAG was widely assigned to 11 protein-coding genes. The lrRNA contains 43 stem-loop structures, and srRNA contains 25 stem-loop structures. Translocation and inversion of tRNA genes was found to be dominant in B. acalephae. In contrast to Aphidius gifuensis from the same subfamily Aphidiinae, inverted tRNALeu1 was translocated to the gene cluster between tRNALeu2 and COX2, and the control region between tRNAIle and tRNAMet was deleted in the mitogenome of B. acalephae. Within Braconidae, gene clusters tRNATrp-tRNACys-tRNATyr and CR-tRNAIle-tRNAGln-tRNAMet were hotspots for gene rearrangement. Phylogenetic analysis showed that both Bayesian and maximum-likelihood methods recovered the monophyly of Aphidiinae and suggested that Aphidiinae formed sister clades with the remaining subfamilies. The phylogenetic analyses of nine subfamilies supported the monophyly of Cyclostomes and Noncyclostomes in Braconidae. CONCLUSION The arrangement of mitochondrial genes and the phylogenetic relationships among nine Braconidae subfamilies were constructed better to understand the diversity and evolution of Aphidiinae mitogenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Xu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650223, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yunming Wang
- Yuxi Branch, Yunnan Tobacco Company, 653100, Yuxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Yuxi Branch, Yunnan Tobacco Company, 653100, Yuxi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Duan
- Yuxi Branch, Yunnan Tobacco Company, 653100, Yuxi, China
| | - Jia He
- Institute of Plant Protection, Academy of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science, 750002, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control, 750002, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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5
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Cognato AI, Taft W, Osborn RK, Rubinoff D. Multi-gene phylogeny of North American clear-winged moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae): a foundation for future evolutionary study of a speciose mimicry complex. Cladistics 2023; 39:1-17. [PMID: 35944148 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesiids are a diverse group of predominantly diurnal moths, many of which are Batesian mimics of Hymenoptera. However, their diversity and relationships are poorly understood. A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of 48 North American sesiid species confirmed the traditional taxonomic tribal ranks, demonstrated the paraphyly of Carmenta and Synanthedon with respect to several other genera and ultimately provided minimal phylogenetic resolution within and between North American and European groups. Character support from each gene suggested inconsistency between the phylogenetic signal of the CAD gene and that of the other four genes. However, removal of CAD from subsequent phylogenetic analyses did not substantially change the initial phylogenetic results or return Carmenta and Synanthedon as reciprocally monophyletic, suggesting that it was not impacting the overall phylogenetic signal. The lack of resolution using genes that are typically informative at the species level for other lepidopterans suggests a surprisingly rapid radiation of species in Carmenta/Synanthedon. This group also exhibits a wide range of mimicry strategies and hostplant usage, which could be fertile ground for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony I Cognato
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, room 243, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - William Taft
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, room 243, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Rachel K Osborn
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, room 243, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Daniel Rubinoff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 310 Gilmore Hall, 3050 Maile Way, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
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Hariharan N, Ghosh S, Palakodeti D. The story of rRNA expansion segments: Finding functionality amidst diversity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1732. [PMID: 35429135 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Expansion segments (ESs) are multinucleotide insertions present across phyla at specific conserved positions in eukaryotic rRNAs. ESs are generally absent in bacterial rRNAs with some exceptions, while the archaeal rRNAs have microexpansions at regions that coincide with those of eukaryotic ESs. Although there is an increasing prominence of ribosomes, especially the ribosomal proteins, in fine-tuning gene expression through translation regulation, the role of rRNA ESs is relatively underexplored. While rRNAs have been established as the major catalytic hub in ribosome function, the presence of ESs widens their scope as a species-specific regulatory hub of protein synthesis. In this comprehensive review, we have elaborately discussed the current understanding of the functional aspects of rRNA ESs of cytoplasmic eukaryotic ribosomes and discuss their past, present, and future. This article is categorized under: RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems Translation > Ribosome Structure/Function Translation > Regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Hariharan
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India.,The University of Trans-disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Sumana Ghosh
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dasaradhi Palakodeti
- Technologies for the Advancement of Science, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
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High Phenotypic Diversity Does Not Always Hide Taxonomic Diversity: A Study Case with Cheilosia soror (Zetterstedt, 1843) (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Iberian Peninsula. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8378483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Comprising nearly 500 species worldwide, Cheilosia Meigen is the largest genus of Syrphidae in the Palaearctic region. Within Cheilosia, phenotypic diversity has been assessed in different species groups, including the group of Cheilosia longula (Zetterstedt, 1838). However, the phenotypic variability of Cheilosia soror (Zetterstedt, 1843), a highly variable member of the C. longula group, has never been assessed in western Europe. In the present work, morphological and molecular analyses were conducted to assess the phenotypic variability found in 300+ specimens of C. soror from the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 16 variable characters were identified and defined for the C. soror morphology, with the highest variation found in the colour of the mesonotum pilosity and the metatibia colour. Morphological variation was assessed against molecular variation based on two molecular markers, one mitochondrial, the 5
end of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI-5
), and one nuclear, the large subunit ribosomal DNA (28S). Phylogenetic analyses rendered trees with topologies in disagreement with the defined morphological variation. Two haplotypes were identified amongst the analysed specimens of C. soror, together with a haplotypic variant exclusive to the Iberian region. Potential distributions were used to identify unexplored areas of occurrence of C. soror and other species of the C. longula group in the Iberian Peninsula. Unassessed areas of occurrence of C. soror should be surveyed in the future to confirm the absence of hidden taxonomic diversity within the range of phenotypic variation for this species. Phenotypic variation of the other two Iberian species of the C. longula group, C. longula and C. scutellata (Fallén, 1817), was also assessed to find that they are species with less-variable morphology than C. soror and with molecular characters in accordance with other conspecific populations in Europe. New distributional data are provided for C. soror and C. scutellata from Spain, and a leg abnormality is identified for the first time in C. soror.
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8
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Brito CDD, Lanes GDO, Azevedo CO. Morphology and evolution of the mesopleuron in Bethylidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) mapped on a molecular phylogeny. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2022; 71:101214. [PMID: 36306638 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2022.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mesopleuron of Bethylidae has morphostructural characters that remain poorly understood, explored, and defined. The wide range of variability of this sclerite has generated confusion both in taxonomic and cladistic studies. Aiming to solve this issue, we describe the general mesopleural anatomy of Bethylidae. Our goal is to propose primary homologies by matching external and internal structures (muscles and apodemes). We reconstruct the ancestral state of the main mesopleural structures by applying the maximum-likelihood method on ten selected character states. The phylogeny of Bethylidae is built by analyzing a dataset of COI and 28S sequences, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The Bethylidae and all subfamilies are recovered as monophyletic in both resulting phylogenies, with high clade support values. Although the two analyses yielded similar results, we used the tree resulting from the Bayesian inference to map the evolution of the morphological characters, as it is better supported. The study of mesopleural anatomy allows exploration and discussion of the evolution of characters and their present states in Bethylidae and Hymenoptera in general. Reconstruction of the ancestral states shows that many characters arose independently in Bethylidae subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirlei D de Brito
- Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | | | - Celso O Azevedo
- Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, Goiabeiras, 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Systematic Review of the Genus Nalepa Reitter, 1887 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Blaptinae, Blaptini) from the Tibetan Plateau, with Description of Six New Species and Two Larvae. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070598. [PMID: 35886774 PMCID: PMC9316563 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The Tibetan Plateau is the largest and highest plateau in the world. The Tibetan Plateau is widely considered as a large natural experimental area for speciation; its uplift has facilitated allopatric speciation and diversification since the Miocene. In general, the Tibetan Plateau is known for its large number of endemic species. In this study, we revise the systematics of the endemic Tibetan genus Nalepa Reitter, 1887 (Blaptini tribe) and describe six new species based on larval and adult morphology and molecular data. We also provide a diagnostic key to the members of the genus Nalepa. Larvae were associated with the adults using a combined molecular species delimitation, and adult males and females are described and illustrated. Phylogenetic relationships of the members of the genus Nalepa are provided and discussed based on fragments of the mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Further, we applied molecular species delimitation methods to verify the taxonomic status of the new species. Lastly, the status of the genus Nalepa from the Tibetan Plateau is briefly discussed. Abstract Nalepa Reitter, 1887 is a monotypic genus of the tenebrionid tribe Blaptini and is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the genus Nalepa was reviewed using a combination of molecular and morphological datasets. Based on the results, six new species were described: N.acuminatasp. n., N. ovalifoliasp. n., N.politasp. n., N. quadratasp. n.,N.xinlongensissp. n., and N.yushuensissp. n. In addition, the larvae of N. cylindracea Reitter, 1887 and N. quadratasp. n. were described and associated with related adults using molecular approaches. This study provides valuable molecular and morphological data for phylogenetic studies.
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10
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Havelka J, Kaliuzhna M, Danilov J, Rakauskas R. Pauesia species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) attacking Eulachnini aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) on coniferous plants in Lithuania: ecological and mitochondrial COI diversity. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-021-00512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Ponomarenko MG, Omelko MM, Omelko NV. New genus of gelechiid moths (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Borneo, and its four new species. Zootaxa 2021; 5004:465-480. [PMID: 34811297 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5004.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Tawaya gen. n. and its four new species (T. flaventia sp. n., T. rutila sp. n., T. luteola sp. n. and T. armeniaca sp. n.) are described from Borneo. A key to the described species is provided. The taxonomic position of a new genus within the subfamily Dichomeridinae (Gelechiidae) is proposed based on a combination of molecular and morphological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita G Ponomarenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia .
| | - Michail M Omelko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia .
| | - Natalia V Omelko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia .
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12
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Twiddy D, Fell S, de Beer ZW, Fourie G. Screening for Susceptibility of Macadamia to Euwallacea fornicatus and its Fungal Symbiont Fusarium euwallaceae. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:739-742. [PMID: 33084544 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1555-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The polyphagous shothole borer (Euwallacea fornicatus, PSHB), an ambrosia beetle, with its fungal symbiont, Fusarium euwallaceae, is responsible for Fusarium dieback (FD) in a wide range of woody hosts. In 2019, the first suspected case of E. fornicatus was reported in macadamia in South Africa. The aims of this study were to confirm the E. fornicatus report and thereafter to assess the susceptibility of commercially planted macadamia cultivars to FD caused by F. euwallaceae. The identities of the beetle and associated fungal symbionts were confirmed by means of DNA sequence analysis of the 28S ribosomal large subunit gene for beetles and the internal transcribed spacer region for fungi. Isolates identified as Fusarium species were further characterized by phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor 1α and the β-tubulin gene regions. Thereafter, Koch's postulates regarding F. euwallaceae were fulfilled on a mature Macadamia integrifolia tree planted at the experimental farm of the University of Pretoria. In order to determine susceptibility against FD, additional cultivar screening was conducted on nine commercially planted cultivars by means of pathogenicity trials using sterilized or inoculated toothpicks inserted into detached branches. Detached branch inoculations showed no significant lesion development six weeks post inoculation, except for cultivar 816. The restricted growth of F. euwallaceae observed in macadamia tissues therefore suggests that macadamia may not be a suitable host for F. euwallaceae and that the threat of FD in macadamia in the event of E. fornicatus infestation is less than for other E. fornicatus hosts. Future work on beetle attraction to macadamia is recommended for a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between E. fornicatus and its fungal symbionts and macadamia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Twiddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S Fell
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Z W de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G Fourie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Investigating the Parasitoid Community Associated with the Invasive Mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis in Southern China. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12040290. [PMID: 33810458 PMCID: PMC8066467 DOI: 10.3390/insects12040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an emerging invasive insect pest in China. Hymenopteran parasitoids have great potential to be used as biological agents to suppress the populations of P. solenopsis in the field. We used an integrated approach of species delimitation, combining morphology with molecular data, to investigate the parasitoid community associated with P. solenopsis from south China. On the basis of both morphological and molecular evidence, we identified 18 hymenopteran parasitoid species belonging to 11 genera of four families. Among these species, eight species are primary parasitoids with Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) being the dominant taxon, while the other 10 species are probably hyperparasitoids. These findings can assist in the utility of these parasitoids in the biological control of P. solenopsis. Abstract The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an emerging invasive insect pest in China. Hymenopteran parasitoids are the key organisms for suppressing populations of P. solenopsis in the field, and therefore could be used as biological agents. Accurate identification of the associated parasitoids is the critical step to assess their potential role in biological control. In this study, we facilitated the identification of the parasitoid composition of P. solenopsis using an integrated approach of species delimitation, combining morphology with molecular data. Eighteen Hymenoptera parasitoid species belonging to 11 genera of four families are recognized based on morphological examination and molecular species delimitation of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene and the 28S rDNA using the automatic barcode gap discovery (ABGD) and the Bayesian Poisson tree processes model (bPTP). Among these species, eight species are primary parasitoids with Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) being the dominant taxon, while the other 10 species are probably hyperparasitoids, with a prevalence of Cheiloneurus nankingensis Li & Xu (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). These results indicate that parasitoid wasps associated with P. solenopsis from China are diverse and the integrated taxonomic approach applied in this study could enhance the accurate identification of these parasitoids that should be assessed in future biological control programs.
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14
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Čkrkić J, Petrović A, Kocić K, Tomanović Ž. Insights into phylogenetic relationships between Trioxys Haliday, 1833 and Binodoxys Mackauer, 1960 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae), with a description of a new species of the genus Trioxys. ZOOSYSTEMA 2021. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2021v43a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelisaveta Čkrkić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade (Serbia) , ,
| | - Andjeljko Petrović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade (Serbia) , ,
| | - Korana Kocić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade (Serbia) , ,
| | - Željko Tomanović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade (Serbia) , ,
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15
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Nel WJ, Wingfield MJ, de Beer ZW, Duong TA. Ophiostomatalean fungi associated with wood boring beetles in South Africa including two new species. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:667-686. [PMID: 33677752 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ambrosia beetles are small wood inhabiting members of the Curculionidae that have evolved obligate symbioses with fungi. The fungal symbionts concentrate nutrients from within infested trees into a usable form for their beetle partners, which then utilize the fungi as their primary source of nutrition. Ambrosia beetle species associate with one or more primary symbiotic fungal species, but they also vector auxiliary symbionts, which may provide the beetle with developmental or ecological advantages. In this study we isolated and identified ophiostomatalean fungi associated with ambrosia beetles occurring in a native forest area in South Africa. Using a modified Bambara beetle trap, living ambrosia beetle specimens were collected and their fungal symbionts isolated. Four beetle species, three Scolytinae and one Bostrichidae, were collected. Five species of ophiostomatalean fungi were isolated from the beetles and were identified using both morphological characters and DNA sequence data. One of these species, Raffaelea sulphurea, was recorded from South Africa for the first time and two novel species were described as Ceratocystiopsis lunata sp. nov. and Raffaelea promiscua sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma J Nel
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tuan A Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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16
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Zupan S, Jugovic J, Čelik T, Buzan E. Population genetic structure of the highly endangered butterfly Coenonympha oedippus (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) at its southern edge of distribution. Genetica 2021; 149:21-36. [PMID: 33389279 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-020-00108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Slovenian False Ringlet Coenonympha oedippus populations are under serious threat, as in the last two decades have witnessed a sharp decline in population distribution and size due to destruction, fragmentation and/or habitat quality degradation through intensive agriculture, abandonment of use and urbanization. We investigated the genetic diversity and structure of C. oedippus from the entire range of the species in Slovenia. Our results showed that the genetic variation in the Slovenian C. oedippus populations agrees with the geographical structure and the ecotypes previously determined by morphological and ecological data. We confirmed the existence of four genetically divergent and spatially non-overlapping geographical groups (Istria, Karst, Gorica, Ljubljansko barje) and two ecotypes ("wet" and "dry"). Despite small sample sizes due to critically threatened species, the results indicated significant nuclear and mitochondrial genetic diversity within the spatial groups. By gaining new insights into the evolutionary history of the C. oedippus population, we have recommended to consider the Slovenian population as one Evolutionary Significant Unit, and four spatial populations as Management Units for conservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zupan
- Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Jure Jugovic
- Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Čelik
- Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elena Buzan
- Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, 6000, Koper, Slovenia. .,Environmental Protection College, Trg mladosti 7, 3320, Velenje, Slovenia.
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17
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Powell C, Caleca V, Rhode C, Teixeira da Costa L, van Asch B. New Mitochondrial Gene Rearrangement in Psyttalia concolor, P. humilis and P. lounsburyi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Three Parasitoid Species of Economic Interest. INSECTS 2020; 11:E854. [PMID: 33276418 PMCID: PMC7761351 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The family Braconidae consists mostly of specialized parasitoids, some of which hold potential in biocontrol of agricultural pests. Psyttalia concolor, Psyttalia humilis and Psyttalia lounsburyi are parasitoids associated with Bactrocera oleae, a major pest of cultivated olives. The native range of Psyttalia concolor is the Mediterranean, and P. humilis and P. lounsburyi are native to sub-Saharan Africa. This study reports the mitochondrial genomes of the three species, thus laying the foundation for mitogenomic analyses in the genus Psyttalia. Comparative mitogenomics within Braconidae showed a novel gene arrangement in Psyttalia in involving translocation and inversion of transfer RNA genes. The placement of Psyttalia in the subfamily Opiinae was well-supported, and the divergence between Psyttalia and its closest relative (Diachasmimorpha longicaudata) was at ~55 MYA [95% highest posterior density (HPD): 34-83 MYA]. Psyttalia lounsburyi occupied the most basal position among the three Psyttalia, having diverged from the other two species ~11 MYA (95% HPD: 6-17 MYA). Psyttalia concolor and P. humilis were recovered as sister species diverged at ~2 MYA (95% HPD: 1.1-3.6 MYA). This phylogeny combining new sequences and a set of 31 other cyclostomes and non-cyclostomes highlights the importance of a comprehensive taxonomic coverage of Braconidae mitogenomes to overcome the lack of robustness in the placement of several subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanté Powell
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; (C.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Virgilio Caleca
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Clint Rhode
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; (C.P.); (C.R.)
| | - Luis Teixeira da Costa
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Norsk Entomologisk Forening, Naturhistorisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo, Postboks 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara van Asch
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; (C.P.); (C.R.)
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18
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Kyei-Poku G, Gauthier D, Quan G. Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay as an Early-Warning Tool for Detecting Emerald Ash Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) Incursions. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2480-2494. [PMID: 32667637 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire), is the most destructive invasive insect species of ash (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. An accurate method for early detection of this noxious insect pest is indispensable to providing adequate warning of A. planipennis infestation. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay (EAB-LAMP) was developed based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The EAB-LAMP required only 30 min at 65°C to amplify A. planipennis DNA from specimens collected from geographically distinct locations. There was no cross-reactivity with other Agrilus and insect species. The developed EAB-LAMP differentially detected traces of A. planipennis genome (COI) within frass from various Fraxinus species. EAB-LAMP was also able to distinguish among A. planipennis DNA and other Agrilus species and nontarget insect species in trap captures. By detecting A. planipennis DNA in two additional trap captures (in situ), the EAB-LAMP was more sensitive and reliable than visual inspection. We tested the quantitative nature of the assay by evaluating pooled trap samples and demonstrated that the EAB-LAMP was capable of functioning optimally using a pool size of at least five individual trap samples. This potentially circumvents the need to perform large-scale individual analysis for processing trap samples. Considering its performance, specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability, the developed EAB-LAMP could be a valuable tool to support strategy and operation of large-scale surveillance for A. planipennis and could profitably be used in routine monitoring programs for effective management of A. planipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kyei-Poku
- Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, East Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Debbie Gauthier
- Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, East Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Guoxing Quan
- Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, East Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
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19
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Leonard A, Khamis FM, Egonyu JP, Kyamanywa S, Ekesi S, Tanga CM, Copeland RS, Subramanian S. Identification of Edible Short- and Long-Horned Grasshoppers and Their Host Plants in East Africa. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2150-2162. [PMID: 33063829 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of information on the edible grasshoppers and their host plants in East Africa. This study adopted morphological and molecular analysis to identify edible grasshoppers in Kenya and Uganda. The associated host plants were identified through molecular analysis of the gut contents of the grasshoppers. The cytochrome b and 16s gene primers were used for grasshopper DNA analysis; while matK gene primers were used for plant DNA analysis. All long-horned grasshoppers sampled were identified as Ruspolia differens (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigonidae); whereas short-horned grasshoppers were identified as Acanthacris ruficornis (Fabricius) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and Cyrtacanthacris tatarica (L.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Host plants of A. ruficornis were Achyranthes aspera (L.), Centella virgata L.f. Drude, Digitaria gayana (Kunth), Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz and Pavon, and Triumfetta pilosa Roth; whereas those of C. tatarica were Alysicarpus rugosus (Willd.) DC and Teramnus uncinatus (L.) SW. Host plants of R. differens were Ageratum conyzoides (L.), Citrus depressa Hayata, Cynodon dactylon (L.), D. gayana, Eragrostis mexicana Hornem, Eucalyptus saligna SM., Indigofera arrecta Hochst. ex A. Rich., Persicaria nepalensis (L.), and Sorghum halepense (L.). Information on the host plants of edible grasshoppers can help in the development of their mass rearing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonce Leonard
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI)-Ukiriguru, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Fathiya M Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James P Egonyu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Kyamanywa
- Department of Agricultural Production, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Robert S Copeland
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
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20
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Kocić K, Petrović A, Čkrkić J, Kavallieratos NG, Rakhshani E, Arnó J, Aparicio Y, Hebert PDN, Tomanović Ž. Resolving the Taxonomic Status of Potential Biocontrol Agents Belonging to the Neglected Genus Lipolexis Förster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) with Descriptions of Six New Species. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100667. [PMID: 33003457 PMCID: PMC7650595 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Lipolexis is small but widely distributed genus across Europe and Asia. Nevertheless, its taxonomic distinctiveness was subsequently questioned by some authors who considered it as a synonym of the genus Diaeretus. Although Lipolexis is widely distributed and one species (Lipolexis oregmae Gahan) is an important biological control agent, the last taxonomic study on it was conducted more than 50 years ago. Our study employs an integrative approach (morphology and molecular analysis (COI barcode region)), to examine Lipolexis specimens that were sampled worldwide, including specimens from BOLD database. It led to the description of six new species. Each of the new species possesses clear morphological characters that distinguishes it from its congeners. Our findings suggest that two groups can be differentiated within the genus—oregmae and gracilis. Furthermore, we present a key for the identification to all known Lipolexis species of the world. Abstract Lipolexis is a small genus in the subfamily Aphidiinae represented by one species in Europe (Lipolexis gracilis Förster) and by four in Asia (Lipolexis wuyiensis Chen, L. oregmae Gahan, L. myzakkaiae Pramanik and Raychaudhuri and L. pseudoscutellaris Pramanik and Raychaudhuri). Although L. oregmae is employed in biological control programs against pest aphids, the last morphological study on the genus was completed over 50 years ago. This study employs an integrative approach (morphology and molecular analysis (COI barcode region)), to examine Lipolexis specimens that were sampled worldwide, including specimens from BOLD database. These results establish that two currently recognized species of Lipolexis (L. gracilis, L. oregmae) are actually a species complex and also reveal phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Six new species are described and a global key for the identification of Lipolexis species is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korana Kocić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.K.); (A.P.); (J.Č.); (Ž.T.)
| | - Andjeljko Petrović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.K.); (A.P.); (J.Č.); (Ž.T.)
| | - Jelisaveta Čkrkić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.K.); (A.P.); (J.Č.); (Ž.T.)
| | - Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11885 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Ehsan Rakhshani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol 98615-538, Iran;
| | - Judit Arnó
- IRTA Cabrils, 08348 Cabrils, Spain; (J.A.); (Y.A.)
| | | | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, East Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Željko Tomanović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (K.K.); (A.P.); (J.Č.); (Ž.T.)
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21
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Parks KS, Janzen DH, Hallwachs W, Fernández-Triana J, Dyer LA, Rodriguez JJ, Arias-Penna DC, Whitfield JB. A five-gene molecular phylogeny reveals Parapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to be polyphyletic as currently composed. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 150:106859. [PMID: 32497831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parapanteles Ashmead (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) is a medium-sized genus of microgastrine wasps that was erected over a century ago and lacks a unique synapomorphic character, and its monophyly has not been tested by any means. Parapanteles usually are parasitoids of large, unconcealed caterpillars (macrolepidoptera) and have been reared from an unusually large diversity of hosts for a relatively small microgastrine genus. We used Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences ("DNA barcodes") available for Parapanteles and other microgastrines to sample the generic diversity of described and undescribed species currently placed in Parapanteles, and then sequenced four additional genes for this subsample (wingless, elongation factor 1-alpha, ribosomal subunit 28s, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1). We constructed individual gene trees and concatenated Bayesian and maximum-likelihood phylogenies for this 5-gene subsample. In these phylogenies, most Parapanteles species formed a monophyletic clade within another genus, Dolichogenidea, while the remaining Parapanteles species were recovered polyphyletically within several other genera. The latter likely represent misidentified members of other morphologically similar genera. Species in the monophyletic clade containing most Parapanteles parasitized caterpillars from only five families - Erebidae (Arctiinae), Geometridae, Saturniidae, Notodontidae, and Crambidae. We do not make any formal taxonomic decisions here because we were not able to include representatives of type species for Parapanteles or other relevant genera, and because we feel such decisions should be reserved until a comprehensive morphological analysis of the boundaries of these genera is accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Parks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
| | - D H Janzen
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - W Hallwachs
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | | | - L A Dyer
- Department of Biology, Reno, NV 89557, United States.
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Virginia's College at Wise, Wise, VA 24293, United States.
| | - D C Arias-Penna
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - J B Whitfield
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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22
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Quicke DLJ, Belokobylskij SA, Braet Y, van Achterberg C, Hebert PDN, Prosser SWJ, Austin AD, Fagan-Jeffries EP, Ward DF, Shaw MR, Butcher BA. Phylogenetic reassignment of basal cyclostome braconid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) with description of a new, enigmatic Afrotropical tribe with a highly anomalous 28S D2 secondary structure. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new tribe of braconid wasps provisionally included in the Rhyssalinae, Laibaleini trib. nov., type genus Laibalea gen. nov. (type species Laibalea enigmatica sp. nov.), from Kenya and the Central African Republic, is described. A molecular dataset, with emphasis on basally derived taxa based on four gene fragments (28S D2–D3 expansion region, COI barcode, elongation factor 1-alpha and 16S ribosomal DNA), was analysed both alone and in combination with a morphological dataset. Molecular phylogenetic placement of the new species into an existing subfamily is complicated by the extreme sequence divergence of the three sequences obtained for Laibalea. In both the combined sequence analysis and the combined DNA plus morphological tree, Laibalea is recovered as a sister group to the Rhyssalinae plus all non-cyclostome lineage braconids excluding Mesostoinae, Maxfischeriinae and Aphidiinae. A consensus of morphological characters and molecular analyses suggests inclusion of Laibalea either in the otherwise principally Holarctic subfamily Rhyssalinae or perhap more basally, in the principally Gondwanan Mesostoinae s.l., although we cannot exclude the possibility that it might represent a separate basal lineage. We place Laibalea in its own tribe, provisionally included in Rhyssalinae. The DNA sequence data are presented for several genera for the first time. Avga, the type genus of Avgini, is shown not to belong to Mesostoinae s.l. or Hormiinae, but its exact relationships remain uncertain. The generic compositions of Rhyssalinae and Mesostoinae s.l. are revised. Anachyra, Apoavga, Neptihormius, Neoavga and Opiopterus are shown to belong to Mesostoinae s.s. A key to the tribes of Rhyssalinae is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L J Quicke
- Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, BKK, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Entomology: Bee Biology, Diversity of Insects and Mites, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, BKK, Thailand
| | - Sergey A Belokobylskij
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yves Braet
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Phylogeny and Taxonomy, Entomology, Brussels, Belgium
- Unité d’Entomologie fonctionnelle et évolutive, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean W J Prosser
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D Austin
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Erinn P Fagan-Jeffries
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Darren F Ward
- New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Buntika A Butcher
- Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, BKK, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Entomology: Bee Biology, Diversity of Insects and Mites, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, BKK, Thailand
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23
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Čkrkić J, Petrović A, Kocić K, Mitrović M, Kavallieratos NG, van Achterberg C, Hebert PDN, Tomanović Ž. Phylogeny of the Subtribe Monoctonina (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030160. [PMID: 32121620 PMCID: PMC7143268 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Monoctonina subtribe have long been neglected in applied studies of the subfamily Aphidiinae, due to their low economic importance, as they do not parasitize pests of cultivated plants. Consequently, data about this group are scarce, including its taxonomy and phylogeny. In the present study, we explore inter- and intraspecific genetic variation of Monoctonina species, including genera Monoctonus Haliday 1833, Monoctonia Starý 1962, Falciconus Mackauer 1959 and Harkeria Cameron 1900. We employ two molecular markers, the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the D2 region of the 28S nuclear gene (28S rDNA), to analyze genetic structuring and phylogeny of all available Monoctonina species, and combine them with morphological data for an integrative approach. We report one new species, and three potentially new species which can be formally described when further specimens are available. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the subtribe shows a basal position for the genera Falciconus and Monoctonia, and the close relatedness of Harkeria and Monoctonus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelisaveta Čkrkić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.P.); (K.K.); (Ž.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andjeljko Petrović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.P.); (K.K.); (Ž.T.)
| | - Korana Kocić
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.P.); (K.K.); (Ž.T.)
| | - Milana Mitrović
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Department of Plant Pests, Banatska 33, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11885 Athens, Attica, Greece;
| | | | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Željko Tomanović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.P.); (K.K.); (Ž.T.)
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24
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Ferrari RR, Onuferko TM, Monckton SK, Packer L. The evolutionary history of the cellophane bee genus Colletes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Colletidae): Molecular phylogeny, biogeography and implications for a global infrageneric classification. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 146:106750. [PMID: 32028034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colletes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) is a diverse genus with 518 valid species distributed in all biogeographic realms, except Australasia and Antarctica. Here we provide a comprehensive dated phylogeny for Colletes based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood-based analyses of DNA sequence data of six loci: 28S rDNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, elongation factor-1α copy F2, long-wavelength rhodopsin, RNA polymerase II and wingless. In total, our multilocus matrix consists of 4824 aligned base pairs for 143 species, including 112 Colletes species plus 31 outgroups (one stenotritid and a diverse array of colletids representing all subfamilies). Overall, analyses of each of the six single-locus datasets resulted in poorly resolved consensus trees with conflicting phylogenetic signal. However, our analyses of the multilocus matrix provided strong support for the monophyly of Colletes and show that it can be subdivided into five major clades. The implications of our phylogenetic results for future attempts at infrageneric classification for the Colletes of the world are discussed. We propose species groups for the Neotropical species of Colletes, the only major biogeographic realm for which no species groups have been proposed to date. Our dating analysis indicated that Colletes diverged from its sister taxon, Hemicotelles Toro and Cabezas, in the early Oligocene and that its extant lineages began diversifying only in the late Oligocene. According to our biogeographic reconstruction, Colletes originated in the Neotropics (most likely within South America) and then spread to the Nearctic very early in its evolutionary history. Geodispersal to the Old World occurred soon after colonization of the Northern Hemisphere. Lastly, the historical biogeography of Colletes is analyzed in light of available geological and palaeoenvironmental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Thomas M Onuferko
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; The Beaty Centre for Species Discovery, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada
| | - Spencer K Monckton
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Laurence Packer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Kocić K, Petrović A, Čkrkić J, Mitrović M, Željko Tomanović. Phylogenetic relationships and subgeneric classification of European Ephedrus species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Zookeys 2019; 878:1-22. [PMID: 31632174 PMCID: PMC6791897 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.878.38408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study two molecular markers were used to establish taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Ephedrus subgenera and species distributed in Europe. Fifteen of the nineteen currently known species have been analysed, representing three subgenera: Breviephedrus Gärdenfors, 1986, Lysephedrus Starý, 1958 and Ephedrus Haliday, 1833. The results of analysis of COI and EF1α molecular markers and morphological studies did not support this classification. Three clades separated by the highest genetic distances reported for the subfamily Aphidiinae on intrageneric level. Ephedrusbrevis is separated from persicae and plagiator species groups with genetic distances of 19.6 % and 16.3 % respectively, while the distance between persicae and plagiator groups was 20.7 %. These results lead to the conclusion that the traditional subgeneric classification of Ephedrus needs revision. Species from persicae species group are raised to subgenus level as Fovephedrus Chen, 1986 and Lysephedrussyn. nov. is assigned as a junior synonym of subgenusEphedrus. Key for identification of Ephedrus subgenera is provided. Ephedrushyadaphidis Kocić & Tomanović sp. nov. is described and several species are confirmed as valid species for the first time. Furthermore, two species are synonymised: E.dysaphidissyn. nov. as a junior synonym of E.cerasicola and E.blattnyisyn. nov. as a junior synonym of E.plagiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korana Kocić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology. Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjeljko Petrović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology. Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelisaveta Čkrkić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology. Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milana Mitrović
- Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Department of Plant Pests, Banatska 33, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Tomanović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology. Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Onuferko TM, Bogusch P, Ferrari RR, Packer L. Phylogeny and biogeography of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and cophylogenetic analysis with its host bee genus Colletes (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 141:106603. [PMID: 31470133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The bee genus Epeolus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae) consists of 109 species, which are known to be exclusively cleptoparasites of polyester (or cellophane) bees of the genus Colletes Latreille (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Both genera have a nearly cosmopolitan distribution and are represented on all continents except Antarctica and Australia. We present the most comprehensive phylogeny for Epeolus to date, based on combined molecular and morphological data. In total, 59 ingroup taxa (species of Epeolus) and 7 outgroup taxa (other Epeolini) were scored for 99 morphological characters, and sequence data were obtained for seven genes (one mitochondrial and six nuclear, 5399 bp in total). Epeolus was found to be monophyletic, with a crown age estimated to be 25.0-13.4 Ma (95% HPD) and its origins traced to the Nearctic region. Epeolus was found to contain six major clades, five of which were well supported. The evolutionary history of Epeolus is explored in the context of earth history events and the evolutionary history of its host genus Colletes, for which a molecular phylogeny was constructed based on the same seven genes. A comparison of Epeolus and Colletes phylogenies limited to taxa for which there is evidence of an association suggests there was some cospeciation. However, more cladogenetic events in Epeolus were linked to instances of dispersal/vicariance. It is not yet clear the extent to which allopatric speciation contributed to diversification in Colletes, but the genus' success in having colonized and diversified across much of the globe made it possible for Epeolus to do the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Onuferko
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; The Beaty Centre for Species Discovery, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada.
| | - Petr Bogusch
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, CZ-500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael R Ferrari
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Laurence Packer
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Chen XX, van Achterberg C. Systematics, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Braconid Wasps: 30 Years of Progress. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 64:335-358. [PMID: 30332295 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011118-111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The parasitoid wasp family Braconidae is likely the second-most species-rich family in the animal kingdom. Braconid wasps are widely distributed and often encountered. They constitute one of the principal groups of natural enemies of phytophagous insects, of which many are serious pest species. The enormous biological diversification of braconid wasps has led to many homoplasies, which contributed widely to instabilities in historical classifications. Recent studies using combinations of genetic markers or total mitochondrial genomes allow for better founded groupings and will ultimately lead to a stable classification. We present the current status of the phylogenetics of the Braconidae in a historical perspective and our understanding of the effects on higher classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cornelis van Achterberg
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
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Li XM, Bai XL, Ren GD. A new species of the genus Blaptogonia from the Himalayas with four DNA markers (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Blaptini). Zookeys 2018:69-78. [PMID: 30026661 PMCID: PMC6048176 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.773.24656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of the genus Blaptogonia Medvedev, 1998, B. zhentangasp. n., is described from the southern Himalayas of China. Two fragments of mitochondrial protein-coding genes (COI, Cytb), one fragment of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene (16S), and one fragment of nuclear rRNA gene (28SD2) of the new species were obtained. A key to the known species of the genus is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Min Li
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Long Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Dong Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
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Ban X, Jiang N, Cheng R, Xue D, Han H. Tribal classification and phylogeny of Geometrinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) inferred from seven gene regions. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Ban
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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30
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Evolutionary relationships of wing venation and wing size and shape in Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). ORG DIVERS EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-017-0338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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31
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Belshaw R, Quicke DLJ, Völkl W, Godfray HCJ. MOLECULAR MARKERS INDICATE RARE SEX IN A PREDOMINANTLY ASEXUAL PARASITOID WASP. Evolution 2017; 53:1189-1199. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/1998] [Accepted: 03/19/1999] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Belshaw
- Department of Biology and NERC Centre for Population Biology; Imperial College at Silwood Park; Ascot Berks SL5 7PY United Kingdom
| | - Donald L. J. Quicke
- Department of Biology and NERC Centre for Population Biology; Imperial College at Silwood Park; Ascot Berks SL5 7PY United Kingdom
- Department of Entomology; The Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Völkl
- Department of Animal Ecology; University of Bayreuth; P.O. Box 101 251 D-95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - H. Charles J. Godfray
- Department of Biology and NERC Centre for Population Biology; Imperial College at Silwood Park; Ascot Berks SL5 7PY United Kingdom
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De JesÚs-Bonilla VS, Barrientos-Lozano L, ZaldÍvar-RiverÓn A. Sequence-based species delineation and molecular phylogenetics of the transitional Nearctic–Neotropical grasshopper genus Taeniopoda (Orthoptera, Romaleidae). SYST BIODIVERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2017.1313792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Salvador De JesÚs-Bonilla
- Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er. Circuito exterior s/n Cd. Universitaria, Copilco, Coyoacán, A. P. 70-233, C.P 04510, D.F., México
| | - Ludivina Barrientos-Lozano
- Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Victoria. Blvd., Emilio Portes Gil No. 1301, C. P. 87010, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Alejandro ZaldÍvar-RiverÓn
- Colección Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er. Circuito exterior s/n Cd. Universitaria, Copilco, Coyoacán, A. P. 70-233, C.P 04510, D.F., México
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Sharkey MJ, Chapman E. Ten new genera of Agathidini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae) from Southeast Asia. Zookeys 2017; 660:107-150. [PMID: 28794675 PMCID: PMC5549531 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.660.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Agathidini (Braconidae: Agathidinae) genera of Southeast Asia are revised based on a phylogenetic analysis of COI and 28S. Ten new genera are proposed, i.e., Agathigma, Asperagathis, Chimaeragathis, Cymagathis, Liragathis, Leuroagathis, Scabagathis, Trochantagathis, Xanthagathis, and Zosteragathis. An illustrated key to the Southeast Asian genera of this tribe is presented. Species from Thailand are keyed and described for all genera of Agathidini except Bassus and Zosteragathis which have too many species for this publication and will be dealt with separately. The phylogenetic analyses indicate that Bassuss.s. is polyphyletic. However, there are no morphological characters to support this and we have retained the current concept of Bassus, which is basically those Agathidini with simple tarsal claws. Numerous new combinations are proposed based on species that are moved to the newly erected genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Sharkey
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA
| | - Eric Chapman
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, S225 Agricultural Science Center North, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA
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35
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Mitchell G, Cuthill G, Haine A, Zadoks R, Chaudhry U, Skuce P, Sargison N. Evaluation of molecular methods for the field study of the natural history of Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Vet Parasitol 2017; 235:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Petrović A, Kocić K, Kos K, Plećaš M, Žikić V, Kavallieratos NG, Tomanović Ž. High genetic diversity and a new cryptic species within the Ephedrus persicae species group (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Ramalho MO, Martins C, Silva LMR, Martins VG, Bueno OC. Molecular Profile of the Brazilian Weaver Ant Camponotus textor Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:463-470. [PMID: 27116002 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Camponotus textor Forel is, to date, the only weaver ant recorded from Brazil, and all existing studies on the species are restricted to describing its weaving and nesting behaviors. The aim of this work is to establish the molecular profile of the species. We sampled eight different colonies by sequencing mitochondrial genes (COI, transfer DNA (tRNA), and an intergenic spacer) and the nuclear gene 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). We then assessed haplotype diversity and also analyzed distribution patterns of this species based on the correlation between genetic and geographic distances. Our results provide an additional tool for species identification by identifying new regions that can be used as molecular markers for barcoding (such as the intergenic spacer (IGS) and tRNA-Leu). In addition, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. textor has features that could be associated with deep population divergences. We identified a wide range of mitotypes and three distinct groups, suggesting a possible reduction of gene flow between colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Ramalho
- Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" UNESP, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
| | - C Martins
- Univ Federal do Piauí, Parnaíba, PI, Brasil
| | - L M R Silva
- Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" UNESP, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - V G Martins
- Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" UNESP, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - O C Bueno
- Univ Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" UNESP, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
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38
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Li Q, Wei SJ, Tang P, Wu Q, Shi M, Sharkey MJ, Chen XX. Multiple Lines of Evidence from Mitochondrial Genomes Resolve Phylogenetic Relationships of Parasitic Wasps in Braconidae. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:2651-62. [PMID: 27503293 PMCID: PMC5630901 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in the number of mitochondrial genomes in public databases provides opportunities for insect phylogenetic studies; but it also provides challenges because of gene rearrangements and variable substitution rates among both lineages and sites. Typically, phylogenetic studies use mitochondrial sequence data but exclude other features of the mitochondrial genome from analyses. Here, we undertook large-scale sequencing of mitochondrial genomes from a worldwide collection of specimens belonging to Braconidae, one of the largest families of Metazoa. The strand-asymmetry of base composition in the mitochondrial genomes of braconids is reversed, providing evidence for monophyly of the Braconidae. We have reconstructed a backbone phylogeny of the major lineages of Braconidae from gene order of the mitochondrial genomes. Standard phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences provided strong support for both Cyclostomes and Noncyclostomes. Four subfamily complexes, that is, helconoid, euphoroid, sigalphoid, and microgastroid, within the Noncyclostomes were reconstructed robustly, the first three of which formed a monophyletic group sister to the last one. Aphidiinae was recovered as a lineage sister to other groups of Cyclostomes, while the Ichneutinae was recovered as paraphyletic. Separate analyses of the subdivided groups showed congruent relationships, employing different matrices and methods, for the internal nodes of the Cyclostomes and the microgastroid complex of subfamilies. This research, using multiple lines of evidence from mitochondrial genomes, illustrates multiple uses of mitochondrial genomes for phylogenetic inference in Braconidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xue-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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39
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Investigating Biological Control Agents for Controlling Invasive Populations of the Mealybug Pseudococcus comstocki in France. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157965. [PMID: 27362639 PMCID: PMC4928892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudococcus comstocki (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a mealybug species native to Eastern Asia and present as an invasive pest in northern Italy and southern France since the start of the century. It infests apple and pear trees, grapevines and some ornamental trees. Biocontrol programmes against this pest proved successful in central Asia and North America in the second half of the 20th century. In this study, we investigated possible biocontrol agents against P. comstocki, with the aim of developing a biocontrol programme in France. We carried out systematic DNA-barcoding at each step in the search for a specialist parasitoid. First we characterised the French target populations of P. comstocki. We then identified the parasitoids attacking P. comstocki in France. Finally, we searched for foreign mealybug populations identified a priori as P. comstocki and surveyed their hymenopteran parasitoids. Three mealybug species (P. comstocki, P. viburni and P. cryptus) were identified during the survey, together with at least 16 different parasitoid taxa. We selected candidate biological control agent populations for use against P. comstocki in France, from the species Allotropa burrelli (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Acerophagus malinus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The coupling of molecular and morphological characterisation for both pests and natural enemies facilitated the programme development and the rejection of unsuitable or generalist parasitoids.
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40
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Kittel RN, Austin AD, Klopfstein S. Molecular and morphological phylogenetics of chelonine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a critical assessment of divergence time estimations. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 101:224-241. [PMID: 27179700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parasitoid wasps of the subfamily Cheloninae are both species rich and poorly known. Although the taxonomy of Cheloninae appears to be relatively stable, there is no clear understanding of relationships among higher-level taxa. We here applied molecular phylogenetic analyses using three markers (COI, EF1α, 28S) and 37 morphological characters to elucidate the evolution and systematics of these wasps. Analyses were based on 83 specimens representing 13 genera. All genera except Ascogaster, Phanerotoma, and Pseudophanerotoma formed monophyletic groups; Furcidentia (stat. rev.) is raised to generic rank. Neither Chelonus (Chelonus) nor Chelonus (Microchelonus) were recovered as monophyletic, but together formed a monophyletic lineage. The tribes Chelonini and Odontosphaeropygini formed monophyletic groups, but the Phanerotomini sensu Zettel and Pseudophanerotomini were retrieved as either para- or polyphyletic. The genera comprising the former subfamily Adeliinae were confirmed as being nested within the Cheloninae. To estimate the age of the subfamily, we used 16 fossil taxa. Three approaches were compared: fixed-rate dating, node dating, and total-evidence dating, with age estimates differing greatly between the three methods. Shortcomings of each approach in relation to our dataset are discussed, and none of the age estimates is deemed sufficiently reliable. Given that most dating studies use a single method only, in most cases without presenting analyses on the sensitivity to priors, it is likely that numerous age estimates in the literature suffer from a similar lack of robustness. We argue for a more rigorous approach to dating analyses and for a faithful presentation of uncertainties in divergence time estimates. Given the results of the phylogenetic analysis the following taxonomic changes are proposed: Furcidentia Zettel (stat. rev.), previously treated as a subgenus of Pseudophanerotoma Zettel is raised to generic rank; Microchelonus Szépligeti (syn. nov.), variously treated by previous authors, is proposed as a junior synonym of Chelonus Jurine; the following subgenera of Microchelonus - Baculonus Braet & van Achterberg (syn. nov.), Carinichelonus Tobias (syn. nov.) and Scabrichelonus He, Chen & van Achterberg (syn. nov.), are proposed as junior synonyms of Chelonus; a number of new species names are proposed due to homonyms resulting from the above changes and these are listed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N Kittel
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Andrew D Austin
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Seraina Klopfstein
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bernastr. 15, CH-3005 Bern, Switzerland
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41
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Martinez AJ, Kim KL, Harmon JP, Oliver KM. Specificity of Multi-Modal Aphid Defenses against Two Rival Parasitoids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154670. [PMID: 27135743 PMCID: PMC4852904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects are often attacked by multiple natural enemies, imposing dynamic selective pressures for the development and maintenance of enemy-specific resistance. Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) have emerged as models for the study of variation in resistance against natural enemies, including parasitoid wasps. Internal defenses against their most common parasitoid wasp, Aphidius ervi, are sourced through two known mechanisms– 1) endogenously encoded resistance or 2) infection with the heritable bacterial symbiont, Hamiltonella defensa. Levels of resistance can range from nearly 0–100% against A. ervi but varies based on aphid genotype and the strain of toxin-encoding bacteriophage (called APSE) carried by Hamiltonella. Previously, other parasitoid wasps were found to commonly attack this host, but North American introductions of A. ervi have apparently displaced all other parasitoids except Praon pequodorum, a related aphidiine braconid wasp, which is still found attacking this host in natural populations. To explain P. pequodorum’s persistence, multiple studies have compared direct competition between both wasps, but have not examined specificity of host defenses as an indirectly mediating factor. Using an array of experimental aphid lines, we first examined whether aphid defenses varied in effectiveness toward either wasp species. Expectedly, both types of aphid defenses were effective against A. ervi, but unexpectedly, were completely ineffective against P. pequodorum. Further examination showed that P. pequodorum wasps suffered no consistent fitness costs from developing in even highly ‘resistant’ aphids. Comparison of both wasps’ egg-larval development revealed that P. pequodorum’s eggs have thicker chorions and hatch two days later than A. ervi’s, likely explaining their differing abilities to overcome aphid defenses. Overall, our results indicate that aphids resistant to A. ervi may serve as reservoirs for P. pequodorum, hence contributing to its persistence in field populations. We find that specificity of host defenses and defensive symbiont infections, may have important roles in influencing enemy compositions by indirectly mediating the interactions and abundance of rival natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Martinez
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyungsun L. Kim
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jason P. Harmon
- Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Kerry M. Oliver
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Broad GR, Shaw MR, Godfray HCJ. Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Braconidae. Biodivers Data J 2016; 4:e8151. [PMID: 27226759 PMCID: PMC4867695 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.4.e8151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The checklist of British and Irish Braconidae is revised, based in large part on the collections of the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, and the Natural History Museum, London. Distribution records are provided at the country level together with extensive synonymy and bibliography. NEW INFORMATION Of the 1,338 species regarded as valid, presumed native and certainly identified, 83 are here recorded for the first time from the British Isles. One new synonym is established (Dyscritus suffolciensis Morley, 1933 = Syntretus splendidus (Marshall, 1887) syn. nov.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R. Shaw
- National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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43
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Dejaco T, Gassner M, Arthofer W, Schlick-Steiner BC, Steiner FM. Taxonomist's Nightmare … Evolutionist's Delight : An Integrative Approach Resolves Species Limits in Jumping Bristletails Despite Widespread Hybridization and Parthenogenesis. Syst Biol 2016; 65:947-974. [PMID: 26869489 PMCID: PMC5066060 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate species delimitation is fundamental to biology. Traditionally, species were delimited based on morphological characters, sometimes leading to taxonomic uncertainty in morphologically conserved taxa. Recently, multiple taxonomically challenging cases have benefited from integrative taxonomy-an approach that highlights congruence among different disciplines and invokes evolutionary explanations for incongruence, acknowledging that different methods can mirror different stages of the speciation continuum. Here, we used a cohesive protocol for integrative taxonomy to revise species limits in 20 nominal species and 4 morphospecies of an ancestrally wingless insect group, the jumping bristletail genus Machilis from the European Eastern Alps. Even though morphologically conserved, several small-scale endemic species have been described from the Eastern Alps based on variation in hypodermal pigmentation patterns-a highly questionable character. As valuable as these endemics are for conservation, they have never been verified by alternative methods. Using traditional morphometrics, mitochondrial DNA, ribosomal DNA, and amplified fragment-length polymorphism markers, we identify six nominal species as taxonomic junior synonyms (Machilis alpicola Janetschek, 1953 syn. n. under M. vagans Wygodzinsky, 1941; M. ladensis Janetschek, 1950 syn. n., M. robusta Wygodzinsky, 1941 syn. n., and M. vicina Wygodzinsky, 1941 syn. n. under M. inermis Wygodzinsky, 1941; M. aleamaculata Wygodzinsky, 1941 syn. n. under M. montana Wygodzinsky, 1941; M. pulchra Janetschek, 1950 syn. n. under M. helleri Verhoeff, 1910) and describe two new species (Machilis cryptoglacialis sp. n. and Machilis albida sp. n.), one uncovered from morphological crypsis and one never sampled before. Building on numerous cases of incongruence among data sources, we further shed light on complex evolutionary histories including hybrid speciation, historical and recent hybridization, and ongoing speciation. We hypothesize that an inherent affinity to hybridization, combined with parallel switches to parthenogenesis and repeated postglacial colonization events may have boosted endemicity in Eastern Alpine Machilis We thus emphasize the importance of integrative taxonomy for rigorous species delimitation and its implication for evolutionary research and conservation in taxonomically challenging taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dejaco
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria .,Museum of Nature South Tyrol, Bindergasse 1, 39100 Bozen/Bolzano, Italy
| | - Melitta Gassner
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Arthofer
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit C Schlick-Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian M Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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44
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Klopfstein S, Kropf C, Baur H. Wolbachiaendosymbionts distort DNA barcoding in the parasitoid wasp genusDiplazon(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seraina Klopfstein
- Department of Invertebrates; Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern; Bernastrasse 15 CH-3005 Bern Switzerland
- Division of Community Ecology; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Baltzerstrasse 7 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Christian Kropf
- Department of Invertebrates; Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern; Bernastrasse 15 CH-3005 Bern Switzerland
- Division of Community Ecology; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Baltzerstrasse 7 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Hannes Baur
- Department of Invertebrates; Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern; Bernastrasse 15 CH-3005 Bern Switzerland
- Division of Community Ecology; Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Baltzerstrasse 7 3012 Bern Switzerland
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45
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Al Khatib F, Cruaud A, Fusu L, Genson G, Rasplus JY, Ris N, Delvare G. Multilocus phylogeny and ecological differentiation of the "Eupelmus urozonus species group" (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) in the West-Palaearctic. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:13. [PMID: 26781031 PMCID: PMC4717567 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ecological differentiation of insects with parasitic life-style is a complex process that may involve phylogenetic constraints as well as morphological and/or behavioural adaptations. In most cases, the relative importance of these driving forces remains unexplored. We investigate here this question for the "Eupelmus urozonus species group" which encompasses parasitoid wasps of potential interest in biological control. This was achieved using seven molecular markers, reliable records on 91 host species and a proxy of the ovipositor length. RESULTS After using an adequate partitioning scheme, Maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches provide a well-resolved phylogeny supporting the monophyly of this species group and highlighting its subdivision into three sub-groups. Great variations of both the ovipositor length and the host range (specialist versus generalist) were observed at this scale, with these two features being not significantly constrained by the phylogeny. Ovipositor length was not shown as a significant predictor of the parasitoid host range. CONCLUSIONS This study provides firstly the first evidence for the strong lability of both the ovipositor's length and the realised host range in a set of phylogenetically related and sympatric species. In both cases, strong contrasts were observed between sister species. Moreover, no significant correlation was found between these two features. Alternative drivers of the ecological differentiation such as interspecific interactions are proposed and the consequences on the recruitment of these parasitoids on native and exotic pests are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Al Khatib
- INRA, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, 06900, France.
- CIRAD, UMR 55 CBGP, 755 Avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS 30016 F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez, Cedex, France.
| | - A Cruaud
- INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP, 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS 30016 F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez, Cedex, France
| | - L Fusu
- Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Bd. Carol I nr. 11, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - G Genson
- INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP, 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS 30016 F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez, Cedex, France
| | - J-Y Rasplus
- INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP, 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS 30016 F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez, Cedex, France
| | - N Ris
- INRA, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, 06900, France
| | - G Delvare
- CIRAD, UMR 55 CBGP, 755 Avenue du Campus Agropolis, CS 30016 F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez, Cedex, France
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46
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Kurina O, Õunap E, Põldmaa K. Two new Neuratelia Rondani (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) species from Western Palaearctic: a case of limited congruence between morphology and DNA sequence data. Zookeys 2015:105-29. [PMID: 25931957 PMCID: PMC4410159 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.496.9315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new Mycetophilidae species, Neurateliajabalmoussae sp. n. and Neurateliasalmelai sp. n. are described on the basis of material collected from Lebanon, Estonia and Finland. Detailed figures of male terminalia and photographs of general facies are provided along with discussions of their morphological distinction from sibling species. For the first time molecular characters are used to distinguish new fungus gnat species. Molecular analysis relies on cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) but has additionally been corroborated by information from the 28S and ITS2 regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Situations where morphological and molecular data provide conflicting evidence for species delimitation are discussed. A new country record from Georgia is provided for Neurateliacaucasica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavi Kurina
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi st 5D, 51014 Tartu, ESTONIA
| | - Erki Õunap
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi st 5D, 51014 Tartu, ESTONIA ; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, ESTONIA
| | - Kadri Põldmaa
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, ESTONIA
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47
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de Souza Canevazzi NC, Noll FB. Cladistic analysis of self-grooming indicates a single origin of eusociality in corbiculate bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Cladistics 2015; 31:126-141. [PMID: 34758580 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioural traits have been used extensively in recent years as an important character source for making phylogenetic inferences. The phylogenetic positions of the members of the Apini subtribe are increasingly being debated, and new characters must be examined. We analysed the presence and absence of certain behavioural patterns, as well as the sequences of some of these patterns, to generate 79 characters. Eleven species comprised the ingroup, and Xylocopini comprised the outgroup. Parsimony analysis showed that the most parsimonious tree was (Euglossina(Bombina(Apina+Meliponina))). This topology is consistent with most studies that use morphological data and the few that use behavioural data, which suggests that advanced eusociality arose only once in a common ancestor of the clade Apina plus Meliponina; however, this hypothesis is inconsistent with our molecular data. Thus we considered behavioural, molecular, and morphological data and recovered the same topology, in which eusociality has a single origin in corbiculate bees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Barbosa Noll
- Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, IBILCE-UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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48
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Jiang Y, Yang Z, Wang X, Hou Y. Molecular identification of sibling species of Sclerodermus (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) that parasitize buprestid and cerambycid beetles by using partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and 28S ribosomal RNA gene. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119573. [PMID: 25782000 PMCID: PMC4364368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The species belonging to Sclerodermus (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) are currently the most important insect natural enemies of wood borer pests, mainly buprestid and cerambycid beetles, in China. However, some sibling species of this genus are very difficult to distinguish because of their similar morphological features. To address this issue, we conducted phylogenetic and genetic analyses of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and 28S RNA gene sequences from eight species of Sclerodermus reared from different wood borer pests. The eight sibling species were as follows: S. guani Xiao et Wu, S. sichuanensis Xiao, S. pupariae Yang et Yao, and Sclerodermus spp. (Nos. 1-5). A 594-bp fragment of COI and 750-bp fragment of 28S were subsequently sequenced. For COI, the G-C content was found to be low in all the species, averaging to about 30.0%. Sequence divergences (Kimura-2-parameter distances) between congeneric species averaged to 4.5%, and intraspecific divergences averaged to about 0.09%. Further, the maximum sequence divergences between congeneric species and Sclerodermus sp. (No. 5) averaged to about 16.5%. All 136 samples analyzed were included in six reciprocally monophyletic clades in the COI neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. The NJ tree inferred from the 28S rRNA sequence yielded almost identical results, but the samples from S. guani, S. sichuanensis, S. pupariae, and Sclerodermus spp. (Nos. 1-4) clustered together and only Sclerodermus sp. (No. 5) clustered separately. Our findings indicate that the standard barcode region of COI can be efficiently used to distinguish morphologically similar Sclerodermus species. Further, we speculate that Sclerodermus sp. (No. 5) might be a new species of Sclerodermus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, China State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhongqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, China State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, China State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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49
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Petrović A, Mitrović M, Ivanović A, Žikić V, Kavallieratos NG, Starý P, Bogdanović AM, Tomanović Ž, Vorburger C. Genetic and morphological variation in sexual and asexual parasitoids of the genus Lysiphlebus - an apparent link between wing shape and reproductive mode. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:5. [PMID: 25887731 PMCID: PMC4332431 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Morphological divergence often increases with phylogenetic distance, thus making morphology taxonomically informative. However, transitions to asexual reproduction may complicate this relationship because asexual lineages capture and freeze parts of the phenotypic variation of the sexual populations from which they derive. Parasitoid wasps belonging to the genus Lysiphlebus Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) are composed of over 20 species that exploit over a hundred species of aphid hosts, including many important agricultural pests. Within Lysiphlebus, two genetically and morphologically well-defined species groups are recognised: the “fabarum” and the “testaceipes” groups. Yet within each group, sexual as well as asexual lineages occur, and in L. fabarum different morphs of unknown origin and status have been recognised. In this study, we selected a broad sample of specimens from the genus Lysiphlebus to explore the relationship between genetic divergence, reproductive mode and morphological variation in wing size and shape (quantified by geometric morphometrics). Results The analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences revealed a clear separation between the “testaceipes” and “fabarum” groups of Lysiphlebus, as well as three well-defined phylogenetic lineages within the “fabarum” species group and two lineages within the “testaceipes” group. Divergence in wing shape was concordant with the deep split between the “testaceipes” and “fabarum” species groups, but within groups no clear association between genetic divergence and wing shape variation was observed. On the other hand, we found significant and consistent differences in the shape of the wing between sexual and asexual lineages, even when they were closely related. Conclusions Mapping wing shape data onto an independently derived molecular phylogeny of Lysiphlebus revealed an association between genetic and morphological divergence only for the deepest phylogenetic split. In more recently diverged taxa, much of the variation in wing shape was explained by differences between sexual and asexual lineages, suggesting a mechanistic link between wing shape and reproductive mode in these parasitoid wasps. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0293-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjeljko Petrović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milana Mitrović
- Department of Plant Pests, Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, Zemun, 11080, Serbia.
| | - Ana Ivanović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir Žikić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 Stefanou Delta str., 14561, Kifissia, Attica, Greece. .,Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855, Athens, Attica, Greece.
| | - Petr Starý
- Laboratory of Aphidology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Ana Mitrovski Bogdanović
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Željko Tomanović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Christoph Vorburger
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland, and EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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50
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Smith SM, Cognato AI. A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Zookeys 2014; 450:1-182. [PMID: 25408617 PMCID: PMC4233402 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.450.7452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nearctic bark beetle genus Scolytus Geoffroy was revised based in part on a molecular and morphological phylogeny. Monophyly of the native species was tested using mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (28S, CAD, ArgK) genes and 43 morphological characters in parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Parsimony analyses of molecular and combined datasets provided mixed results while Bayesian analysis recovered most nodes with posterior probabilities >90%. Native hardwood- and conifer-feeding Scolytus species were recovered as paraphyletic. Native Nearctic species were recovered as paraphyletic with hardwood-feeding species sister to Palearctic hardwood-feeding species rather than to native conifer-feeding species. The Nearctic conifer-feeding species were monophyletic. Twenty-five species were recognized. Four new synonyms were discovered: Scolytuspraeceps LeConte, 1868 (= Scolytusabietis Blackman, 1934; = Scolytusopacus Blackman, 1934), Scolytusreflexus Blackman, 1934 (= Scolytusvirgatus Bright, 1972; = Scolytuswickhami Blackman, 1934). Two species were reinstated: Scolytusfiskei Blackman, 1934 and Scolytussilvaticus Bright, 1972. A diagnosis, description, distribution, host records and images were provided for each species and a key is presented to all species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Smith
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, Natural Science Building, room 243, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Anthony I. Cognato
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, Natural Science Building, room 243, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
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