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Sussman C, Liberatore RA, Drozdz MM. Delivery of DNA-Based Therapeutics for Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:535. [PMID: 38675196 PMCID: PMC11053842 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy and its role in the medical field have evolved drastically in recent decades. Studies aim to define DNA-based medicine as well as encourage innovation and the further development of novel approaches. Gene therapy has been established as an alternative approach to treat a variety of diseases. Its range of mechanistic applicability is wide; gene therapy has the capacity to address the symptoms of disease, the body's ability to fight disease, and in some cases has the ability to cure disease, making it a more attractive intervention than some traditional approaches to treatment (i.e., medicine and surgery). Such versatility also suggests gene therapy has the potential to address a greater number of indications than conventional treatments. Many DNA-based therapies have shown promise in clinical trials, and several have been approved for use in humans. Whereas current treatment regimens for chronic disease often require frequent dosing, DNA-based therapies can produce robust and durable expression of therapeutic genes with fewer treatments. This benefit encourages the application of DNA-based gene therapy to manage chronic diseases, an area where improving efficiency of current treatments is urgent. Here, we provide an overview of two DNA-based gene therapies as well as their delivery methods: adeno associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy and plasmid DNA (pDNA)-based gene therapy. We will focus on how these therapies have already been utilized to improve treatment of chronic disease, as well as how current literature supports the expansion of these therapies to treat additional chronic indications in the future.
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2
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Krasilnikova O, Yakimova A, Ivanov S, Atiakshin D, Kostin AA, Sosin D, Shegay P, Kaprin AD, Klabukov I. Gene-Activated Materials in Regenerative Dentistry: Narrative Review of Technology and Study Results. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16250. [PMID: 38003439 PMCID: PMC10671237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of a wide variety of defects in the oral and maxillofacial regions requires the use of innovative approaches to achieve best outcomes. One of the promising directions is the use of gene-activated materials (GAMs) that represent a combination of tissue engineering and gene therapy. This approach implies that biocompatible materials will be enriched with gene-carrying vectors and implanted into the defect site resulting in transfection of the recipient's cells and secretion of encoded therapeutic protein in situ. GAMs may be presented in various designs depending on the type of material, encoded protein, vector, and way of connecting the vector and the material. Thus, it is possible to choose the most suitable GAM design for the treatment of a particular pathology. The use of plasmids for delivery of therapeutic genes is of particular interest. In the present review, we aimed to delineate the principle of work and various designs of plasmid-based GAMs and to highlight results of experimental and clinical studies devoted to the treatment of periodontitis, jaw bone defects, teeth avulsion, and other pathologies in the oral and maxillofacial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Krasilnikova
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anna Yakimova
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Zhukov St. 10, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre—Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Zhukov St. 10, 249031 Obninsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri Atiakshin
- Scientific and Educational Resource Center for Innovative Technologies of Immunophenotyping, Digital Spatial Profiling and Ultrastructural Analysis, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Kostin
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Sosin
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Klabukov
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva St. 4, 249036 Obninsk, Russia
- Department of Urology and Operative Nephrology, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Studgorodok 1, 249039 Obninsk, Russia
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Edelblute C, Mangiamele C, Heller R. Moderate Heat-Assisted Gene Electrotransfer as a Potential Delivery Approach for Protein Replacement Therapy through the Skin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111908. [PMID: 34834323 PMCID: PMC8624362 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene-based approaches for protein replacement therapies have the potential to reduce the number of administrations. Our previous work demonstrated that expression could be enhanced and/or the applied voltage reduced by preheating the tissue prior to pulse administration. In the current study, we utilized our 16-pin multi-electrode array (MEA) and incorporated nine optical fibers, connected to an infrared laser, between each set of four electrodes to heat the tissue to 43 °C. For proof of principle, a guinea pig model was used to test delivery of reporter genes. We observed that when the skin was preheated, it was possible to achieve the same expression levels as gene electrotransfer without preheating, but with a 23% reduction of applied voltage or a 50% reduction of pulse number. With respect to expression distribution, preheating allowed for delivery to the deep dermis and muscle. This suggested that this cutaneous delivery approach has the potential to achieve expression in the systemic circulation, thus this protocol was repeated using a plasmid encoding Human Factor IX. Elevated Factor IX serum protein levels were detected by ELISA up to 100 days post gene delivery. Further work will involve optimizing protein levels and scalability in an effort to reduce application frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Edelblute
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (C.E.); (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Cathryn Mangiamele
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, 4211 Monarch Way, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (C.E.); (C.M.)
| | - Richard Heller
- Department of Medical Engineering, Colleges of Medicine and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
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GRIM19 Impedes Obesity by Regulating Inflammatory White Fat Browning and Promoting Th17/Treg Balance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010162. [PMID: 33467683 PMCID: PMC7829987 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a condition characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, is a metabolic disorder related to an increased risk of chronic inflammation. Obesity is mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, which is regulated by genes associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality (GRIM) 19, a protein ubiquitously expressed in various human tissues. In this study, we investigated the role of GRIM19 in diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice via intravenous or intramuscular administration of a plasmid encoding GRIM19. Splenocytes from wild-type and GRIM19-overexpressing mice were compared using enzyme-linked immunoassay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and histological analyses. GRIM19 attenuated the progression of obesity by regulating STAT3 activity and enhancing brown adipose tissue (BAT) differentiation. GRIM19 regulated the differentiation of mouse-derived 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes, while modulating gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT. GRIM19 overexpression reduced diet-induced obesity and enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver. Moreover, GRIM19 overexpression reduced WAT differentiation and induced BAT differentiation in obese mice. GRIM19-transgenic mice exhibited reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels and a reciprocal balance between Th17 and Treg cells. These results suggest that GRIM19 attenuates the progression of obesity by controlling adipocyte differentiation.
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Mozneb M, Mirtaheri E, Sanabria AO, Li CZ. Bioelectronic properties of DNA, protein, cells and their applications for diagnostic medical devices. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112441. [PMID: 32763825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
From a couple of centuries ago, understanding physical properties of biological material, their interference with their natural host and their potential manipulation for employment as a conductor in medical devices, has gathered substantial interest in the field of bioelectronics. With the fast-emerging technologies for fabrication of diagnostic modalities, wearable biosensors and implantable devices, which electrical components are of essential importance, a need for developing novel conductors within such devices has evolved over the past decades. As the possibility of electron transport within small biological molecules, such as DNA and proteins, as well as larger elements such as cells was established, several discoveries of the modern charge characterization technologies were evolved. Development of Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance among many other techniques were of vital importance, following the discoveries made in sub-micron scales of biological material. This review covers the most recent understandings of electronic properties within different scale of biological material starting from nanometer range to millimeter-sized organs. We also discuss the state-of-the-art technology that's been made taking advantage of electronic properties of biological material for addressing diseases like Parkinson's Disease and Epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Mozneb
- Florida International University, Biomedical Engineering Department, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| | - Elnaz Mirtaheri
- Florida International University, Biomedical Engineering Department, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| | - Arianna Ortega Sanabria
- Florida International University, Biomedical Engineering Department, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Florida International University, Biomedical Engineering Department, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL, 33174, USA.
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6
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Induction of a local muscular dystrophy using electroporation in vivo: an easy tool for screening therapeutics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11301. [PMID: 32647247 PMCID: PMC7347864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular injection and electroporation of naked plasmid DNA (IMEP) has emerged as a potential alternative to viral vector injection for transgene expression into skeletal muscles. In this study, IMEP was used to express the DUX4 gene into mouse tibialis anterior muscle. DUX4 is normally expressed in germ cells and early embryo, and silenced in adult muscle cells where its pathological reactivation leads to Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. DUX4 encodes a potent transcription factor causing a large deregulation cascade. Its high toxicity but sporadic expression constitutes major issues for testing emerging therapeutics. The IMEP method appeared as a convenient technique to locally express DUX4 in mouse muscles. Histological analyses revealed well delineated muscle lesions 1-week after DUX4 IMEP. We have therefore developed a convenient outcome measure by quantification of the damaged muscle area using color thresholding. This method was used to characterize lesion distribution and to assess plasmid recirculation and dose–response. DUX4 expression and activity were confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels and through a quantification of target gene expression. Finally, this study gives a proof of concept of IMEP model usefulness for the rapid screening of therapeutic strategies, as demonstrated using antisense oligonucleotides against DUX4 mRNA.
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Park JS, Moon SJ, Lim MA, Byun JK, Hwang SH, Yang S, Kim EK, Lee H, Kim SM, Lee J, Kwok SK, Min JK, Lee MO, Shin DY, Park SH, Cho ML. Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Receptor Alpha Ameliorates Autoimmune Arthritis via Inhibiting of Th17 Cells and Osteoclastogenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2270. [PMID: 31636631 PMCID: PMC6787168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory polyarthritis characterized by progressive joint destruction. IL-17-producing CD4+ T (Th17) cells play pivotal roles in RA development and progression. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) is a negative regulator of inflammatory responses, whereas RORγt, another member of the ROR family, is a Th17 lineage-specific transcription factor. Here, we investigated the immunoregulatory potential of RORα in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, an experimental model of RA. Cholesterol sulfate (CS) or SR1078, a ligand of RORα, inhibited RORγt expression and Th17 differentiation in vitro. In addition, fortification of RORα in T cells inhibited the expression levels of glycolysis-associated genes. We found that RORα overexpression in CIA mice attenuated the clinical and histological severities of inflammatory arthritis. The anti-arthritic effect of RORα was associated with suppressed Th17 differentiation and attenuated mTOR-STAT3 signaling in T cells. Furthermore, altered RORα activity could directly affect osteoclastogenesis implicated in progressive bone destruction in human RA. Our findings defined a critical role of RORα in the pathogenesis of RA. These data suggest that RORα may have novel therapeutic uses in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sil Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Lim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyeong Byun
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Hwang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - SeungCheon Yang
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hohyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jennifer Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ki Min
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Bio-MAX Institute, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Yun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Medical Life Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Maugeri M, Nawaz M, Papadimitriou A, Angerfors A, Camponeschi A, Na M, Hölttä M, Skantze P, Johansson S, Sundqvist M, Lindquist J, Kjellman T, Mårtensson IL, Jin T, Sunnerhagen P, Östman S, Lindfors L, Valadi H. Linkage between endosomal escape of LNP-mRNA and loading into EVs for transport to other cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4333. [PMID: 31551417 PMCID: PMC6760118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics hold great promise for treating diseases and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the most advanced platform for RNA delivery. However, the fate of the LNP-mRNA after endosome-engulfing and escape from the autophagy-lysosomal pathway remains unclear. To investigate this, mRNA (encoding human erythropoietin) was delivered to cells using LNPs, which shows, for the first time, a link between LNP-mRNA endocytosis and its packaging into extracellular vesicles (endo-EVs: secreted after the endocytosis of LNP-mRNA). Endosomal escape of LNP-mRNA is dependent on the molar ratio between ionizable lipids and mRNA nucleotides. Our results show that fractions of ionizable lipids and mRNA (1:1 molar ratio of hEPO mRNA nucleotides:ionizable lipids) of endocytosed LNPs were detected in endo-EVs. Importantly, these EVs can protect the exogenous mRNA during in vivo delivery to produce human protein in mice, detected in plasma and organs. Compared to LNPs, endo-EVs cause lower expression of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Maugeri
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Papadimitriou
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annelie Angerfors
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Camponeschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manli Na
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikko Hölttä
- Translational Biomarkers and Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Pia Skantze
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Svante Johansson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johnny Lindquist
- Translational Biomarkers and Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tomas Kjellman
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Östman
- Animal Sciences and Technologies, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lennart Lindfors
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 46, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Sokołowska E, Błachnio-Zabielska AU. A Critical Review of Electroporation as A Plasmid Delivery System in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112776. [PMID: 31174257 PMCID: PMC6600476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene delivery to skeletal muscles is a promising strategy for the treatment of both muscular disorders (by silencing or overexpression of specific gene) and systemic secretion of therapeutic proteins. The use of a physical method like electroporation with plate or needle electrodes facilitates long-lasting gene silencing in situ. It has been reported that electroporation enhances the expression of the naked DNA gene in the skeletal muscle up to 100 times and decreases the changeability of the intramuscular expression. Coelectransfer of reporter genes such as green fluorescent protein (GFP), luciferase or beta-galactosidase allows the observation of correctly performed silencing in the muscles. Appropriate selection of plasmid injection volume and concentration, as well as electrotransfer parameters, such as the voltage, the length and the number of electrical pulses do not cause long-term damage to myocytes. In this review, we summarized the electroporation methodology as well as the procedure of electrotransfer to the gastrocnemius, tibialis, soleus and foot muscles and compare their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Sokołowska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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10
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Chen TT, Hua W, Zhang XZ, Wang BH, Yang ZS. The effects of pprI gene of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 on acute radiation injury of mice exposed to 60Co γ-ray radiation. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2008-2019. [PMID: 27974687 PMCID: PMC5356773 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the pprI gene from Deinococcus radiodurans R1 in therapy of acute radiation injury of a mammalian host was investigated. We injected a plasmid containing the pprI gene into the muscle of mice exposed to total 6Gy of 60Co γ-ray radiation. After injection, we used in vivo gene electroporation technology to transfer the pprI gene into the cell. We found the PprI protein was expressed significantly at 1 d after irradiation, but there was no expression of pprI gene 7 d post-irradiation. The expression of pprI gene evidently decreased the death rate of mice exposed to lethal dose radiation, significantly relieved effects on blood cells in the acute stage, shortened the persistence time of the decrease of lymphocytes, and decreased the apoptotic rates of spleen cells, thymocytes and bone marrow cells. The expression of Rad51 protein in the lungs, livers, and kidneys was significantly higher in the mice treated with the pprI plasmid after irradiation. However, there were no obvious differences for Rad52 protein expression. We conclude that the prokaryotic pprI gene of D. radiodurans R1 first was expressed in mammalian cells. The expressed prokaryotic PprI protein has distinct effects of the prevention and treatment on acute radiation injury of mammal. The effects of radio-resistance may relate to expression of Rad51 protein which is homologous with RecA from D. radiodurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chen
- Department of Oncology, The People`s Hospital of Subei, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Oncology, The People`s Hospital of Subei, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The People`s Hospital of Subei, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bu-Hai Wang
- Department of Oncology, The People`s Hospital of Subei, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Shan Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Akerstrom T, Vedel K, Needham J, Hojman P, Kontou E, Hellsten Y, Wojtaszewski JF. Optimizing hyaluronidase dose and plasmid DNA delivery greatly improves gene electrotransfer efficiency in rat skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:342-350. [PMID: 29124223 PMCID: PMC5669402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfection of rat skeletal muscle in vivo is a widely used research model. However, gene electrotransfer protocols have been developed for mice and yield variable results in rats. We investigated whether changes in hyaluronidase pre-treatment and plasmid DNA delivery can improve transfection efficiency in rat skeletal muscle. We found that pre-treating the muscle with a hyaluronidase dose suitable for rats (0.56 U/g b.w.) prior to plasmid DNA injection increased transfection efficiency by >200% whereas timing of the pre-treatment did not affect efficiency. Uniformly distributing plasmid DNA delivery across the muscle by increasing the number of plasmid DNA injections further enhanced transfection efficiency whereas increasing plasmid dose from 0.2 to 1.6 µg/g b.w. or vehicle volume had no effect. The optimized protocol resulted in ~80% (CI95%: 79–84%) transfected muscle fibers with a homogenous distribution. We also show that transfection was stable over five weeks of regular exercise or inactivity. Our findings show that species-specific plasmid DNA delivery and hyaluronidase pre-treatment greatly improves transfection efficiency in rat skeletal muscle. Parameters for effective in vivo skeletal muscle transfection are species specific. Pre-treatment with a rat-specific hyaluronidase dose greatly improves transfection efficiency. Delivering plasmid DNA more uniformly enhances transfection efficiency in rat skeletal muscle. Transfection efficiency is not improved by increasing plasmid DNA dose. Exercise training does not affect transfection stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorbjorn Akerstrom
- The August Krogh Centre, Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence to: The August Krogh Centre, Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Fax: +4535320870.The August Krogh Centre, Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 13CopenhagenDK-2100Denmark
| | - Kenneth Vedel
- The August Krogh Centre, Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josefine Needham
- The August Krogh Centre, Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Hojman
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eftychia Kontou
- The August Krogh Centre, Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- The August Krogh Centre, Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski
- The August Krogh Centre, Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mazón MJ, Molés G, Rocha A, Crespo B, Lan-Chow-Wing O, Espigares F, Muñoz I, Felip A, Carrillo M, Zanuy S, Gómez A. Gonadotropins in European sea bass: Endocrine roles and biotechnological applications. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 221:31-41. [PMID: 26002037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) are central endocrine regulators of the gonadal function in vertebrates. They act through specific receptors located in certain cell types found in the gonads. In fish, the differential roles of these hormones are being progressively elucidated due to the development of suitable tools for their study. In European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), isolation of the genes coding for the gonadotropin subunits and receptors allowed in first instance to conduct expression studies. Later, to overcome the limitation of using native hormones, recombinant dimeric gonadotropins, which show different functional characteristics depending on the cell system and DNA construct, were generated. In addition, single gonadotropin beta-subunits have been produced and used as antigens for antibody production. This approach has allowed the development of detection methods for native gonadotropins, with European sea bass being one of the few species where both gonadotropins can be detected in their native form. By administering recombinant gonadotropins to gonad tissues in vitro, we were able to study their effects on steroidogenesis and intracellular pathways. Their administration in vivo has also been tested for use in basic studies and as a biotechnological approach for hormone therapy and assisted reproduction strategies. In addition to the production of recombinant hormones, gene-based therapies using somatic gene transfer have been offered as an alternative. This approach has been tested in sea bass for gonadotropin delivery in vivo. The hormones produced by the genes injected were functional and have allowed studies on the action of gonadotropins in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Mazón
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Gregorio Molés
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana Rocha
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Berta Crespo
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Olivier Lan-Chow-Wing
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Felipe Espigares
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Iciar Muñoz
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Alicia Felip
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Manuel Carrillo
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Silvia Zanuy
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana Gómez
- Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre la Sal (CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595 Torre la Sal, Castellón, Spain.
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Vandermeulen G, Vanvarenberg K, De Beuckelaer A, De Koker S, Lambricht L, Uyttenhove C, Reschner A, Vanderplasschen A, Grooten J, Préat V. The site of administration influences both the type and the magnitude of the immune response induced by DNA vaccine electroporation. Vaccine 2015; 33:3179-85. [PMID: 25980430 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of the site of administration of DNA vaccine on the induced immune response. DNA vaccines were administered by electroporation at three different sites: tibial cranial muscle, abdominal skin and ear pinna. Aiming to draw general conclusions about DNA vaccine delivery, we successively used several plasmids encoding either luciferase and ovalbumin as models or gp160 and P1A as vaccines against HIV and P815 mastocytoma, respectively. Low levels and duration of luciferase transgene expression were observed after electroporation of the abdominal skin, partly explaining its lower immunogenic performance as compared to the other sites of administration. Analyses of OT-I CD8+ and OT-II CD4+ T cell responses highlighted the differential impact of the delivery site on the elicited immune response. Muscle electroporation induced the strongest humoral immune response and both muscle and ear pinna sites induced cellular immunity against gp160. Ear pinna delivery generated the highest level of CTL responses against P1A but electroporation of muscle and ear pinna were equally efficient in delaying P815 growth and improving mice survival. The present study demonstrated that the site of administration is a key factor to be tested in the development of DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Vandermeulen
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ans De Beuckelaer
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Koker
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laure Lambricht
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Uyttenhove
- Université catholique de Louvain, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anca Reschner
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Vanderplasschen
- Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Johan Grooten
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Brussels, Belgium.
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Moon SJ, Lim MA, Park JS, Byun JK, Kim SM, Park MK, Kim EK, Moon YM, Min JK, Ahn SM, Park SH, Cho ML. Dual-specificity phosphatase 5 attenuates autoimmune arthritis in mice via reciprocal regulation of the Th17/Treg cell balance and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 66:3083-95. [PMID: 25047518 DOI: 10.1002/art.38787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP-5) is a phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates both phosphoserine and phosphotyrosine residues of MAPK. The dysregulated activation of MAPK contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. This study was undertaken to investigate the therapeutic potential of DUSP-5 in preventing the development of autoimmune arthritis in an animal model. METHODS Autoimmune arthritis was induced in DBA/1J mice by immunization with type II collagen (CII). Eight days after CII immunization, the mice were injected intravenously with pcDNA-DUSP5 or mock vector, and electroporation was performed. The serum concentration of anti-CII antibodies was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histologic analysis of the joints was performed using Safranin O, toluidine blue, and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of transcription factors was analyzed by immunostaining and Western blotting. The frequencies of interleukin-17-producing CD4+ Th17 cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS In DUSP5-overexpressing mice, the severity of arthritis, as indicated by the clinical arthritis score and the extent of histologic inflammation and cartilage damage, was attenuated. The pcDNA-DUSP5-injected mice had lower circulating levels of total and CII-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a. The Th17 cell population frequency was decreased and the Treg cell frequency was increased in the spleens of the DUSP5-treated group. The reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells in vivo was associated with attenuated activity of pSTAT-3 and pERK, and with increased activity of pSTAT-5. DUSP5 overexpression suppressed joint damage through down-regulation of pro-osteoclastogenic molecules. CONCLUSION The antiarthritic properties of DUSP-5 are associated with its reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells and its inhibition of ERK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Moon
- Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Abstract
Electroporation has been used extensively to transfer DNA to bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells in culture for the past 30 years. Over this time, numerous advances have been made, from using fields to facilitate cell fusion, delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to cells and tissues, and most importantly, gene and drug delivery in living tissues from rodents to man. Electroporation uses electrical fields to transiently destabilize the membrane allowing the entry of normally impermeable macromolecules into the cytoplasm. Surprisingly, at the appropriate field strengths, the application of these fields to tissues results in little, if any, damage or trauma. Indeed, electroporation has even been used successfully in human trials for gene delivery for the treatment of tumors and for vaccine development. Electroporation can lead to between 100 and 1000-fold increases in gene delivery and expression and can also increase both the distribution of cells taking up and expressing the DNA as well as the absolute amount of gene product per cell (likely due to increased delivery of plasmids into each cell). Effective electroporation depends on electric field parameters, electrode design, the tissues and cells being targeted, and the plasmids that are being transferred themselves. Most importantly, there is no single combination of these variables that leads to greatest efficacy in every situation; optimization is required in every new setting. Electroporation-mediated in vivo gene delivery has proven highly effective in vaccine production, transgene expression, enzyme replacement, and control of a variety of cancers. Almost any tissue can be targeted with electroporation, including muscle, skin, heart, liver, lung, and vasculature. This chapter will provide an overview of the theory of electroporation for the delivery of DNA both in individual cells and in tissues and its application for in vivo gene delivery in a number of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David A Dean
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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In vivo action of IL-27: reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells in collagen-induced arthritis. Exp Mol Med 2013; 45:e46. [PMID: 24091748 PMCID: PMC3809362 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27 is a novel cytokine of the IL-6/IL-12 family that has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and has a pivotal role as both a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine. We investigated the in vivo effects of IL-27 on arthritis severity in a murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and its mechanism of action regarding control of regulatory T (Tregs) and IL-17-producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells. IL-27-Fc-treated CIA mice showed a lower severity of arthritis. IL-17 expression in the spleens was significantly decreased in IL-27-Fc-treated CIA mice compared with that in the CIA model. The Th17 population was decreased in the spleens of IL-27-Fc-treated CIA mice, whereas the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg population increased. In vitro studies revealed that IL-27 inhibited IL-17 production in murine CD4+ T cells, and the effect was associated with retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γT and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition. In contrast, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and IL-10 were profoundly augmented by IL-27 treatment. Regarding the suppressive capacity of Treg cells, the proportions of CTLA-4+ (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), PD-1+ (programmed cell death protein 1) and GITR+ (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor) Tregs increased in the spleens of IL-27-Fc-treated CIA mice. Furthermore, in vitro differentiated Treg cells with IL-27 exerted a more suppressive capacity on T-cell proliferation. We found that IL-27 acts as a reciprocal regulator of the Th17 and Treg populations in CD4+ cells isolated from healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as from humans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) PBMCs. Our study suggests that IL-27 has the potential to ameliorate overwhelming inflammation in patients with RA through a reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells.
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17
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Mazón MJ, Zanuy S, Muñoz I, Carrillo M, Gómez A. Luteinizing Hormone Plasmid Therapy Results in Long-Lasting High Circulating Lh and Increased Sperm Production in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)1. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:32. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.102640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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18
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Baligand C, Jouvion G, Schakman O, Gilson H, Wary C, Thissen JP, Carlier PG. Multiparametric functional nuclear magnetic resonance imaging shows alterations associated with plasmid electrotransfer in mouse skeletal muscle. J Gene Med 2012; 14:598-608. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Schakman
- Pôle d'Endocrinologie, de Diabétologie et Nutrition, Institut de Recherches expérimentales et cliniques (IREC); Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels; Belgium
| | - Helene Gilson
- Pôle d'Endocrinologie, de Diabétologie et Nutrition, Institut de Recherches expérimentales et cliniques (IREC); Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels; Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Pôle d'Endocrinologie, de Diabétologie et Nutrition, Institut de Recherches expérimentales et cliniques (IREC); Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels; Belgium
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Su CH, Wu YJ, Wang HH, Yeh HI. Nonviral gene therapy targeting cardiovascular system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H629-38. [PMID: 22821991 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00126.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of gene therapy is either to introduce a therapeutic gene into or replace a defective gene in an individual's cells and tissues. Gene therapy has been urged as a potential method to induce therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium and peripheral tissues after extensive investigation in recent preclinical and clinical studies. A successful gene therapy mainly relies on the development of the gene delivery vector. Developments in viral and nonviral vector technology including cell-based gene transfer will further improve transgene delivery and expression efficiency. Nonviral approaches as alternative gene delivery vehicles to viral vectors have received significant attention. Recently, a simple and safe approach of gene delivery into target cells using naked DNA has been improved by combining several techniques. Among the physical approaches, ultrasonic microbubble gene delivery, with its high safety profile, low costs, and repeatable applicability, can increase the permeability of cell membrane to macromolecules such as plasmid DNA by its bioeffects and can provide as a feasible tool in gene delivery. On the other hand, among the promising areas for gene therapy in acquired diseases, ischemic cardiovascular diseases have been widely studied. As a result, gene therapy using advanced technology may play an important role in this regard. The aims of this review focus on understanding the cellular and in vivo barriers in gene transfer and provide an overview of currently used chemical vectors and physical tools that are applied in nonviral cardiovascular gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Huang Su
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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20
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Rochard A, Scherman D, Bigey P. Genetic immunization with plasmid DNA mediated by electrotransfer. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:789-98. [PMID: 21631165 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of DNA immunization was first advanced in the early 1990s, but was not developed because of an initial lack of efficiency. Recent technical advances in plasmid design and gene delivery techniques have allowed renewed interest in the idea. Particularly, a better understanding of genetic immunization has led to construction of optimized plasmids and the use of efficient molecular adjuvants. The field also took great advantage of new delivery techniques such as electrotransfer. This is a simple physical technique consisting of injecting plasmid DNA into a target tissue and applying an electric field, allowing up to a thousandfold more expression of the transgene than naked DNA. DNA immunization mediated by electrotransfer is now effective in a variety of preclinical models against infectious or acquired diseases such as cancer or autoimmune diseases, and is making its way through the clinics in several ongoing phase I human clinical trials. This review will briefly describe genetic immunization mediated by electrotransfer and the main fields of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rochard
- Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique et d'Imagerie, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris, F-75006 France
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21
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Sukedai M, Ariyoshi W, Okinaga T, Iwanaga K, Habu M, Yoshioka I, Tominaga K, Nishihara T. Inhibition of adjuvant arthritis in rats by electroporation with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011; 31:839-46. [PMID: 21859345 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2011.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the protective effects of the cytokine inhibitor interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on gene induction, an electroporation technique to treat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats was established, and its advantage was estimated in the present study. Electroporation with human IL-1ra was performed in Lewis rats before and after induction of AIA. Local inflammation was evaluated by monitoring hind paw swelling, whereas histological evaluations were performed using paraffin embedded sections of hind paw specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In addition, serum IL-1? levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Induction of IL-1ra by our electroporation method inhibited systematic body weight loss and enhancement of local inflammation after intradermal injection of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Notably, IL-1ra electroporation reduced paw swelling, inflammation, and bone erosion scores in embedded sections and serum IL-1? levels induced in AIA rats. The IL-1ra gene induction using the present electroporation technique inhibited local and systematic inflammation in AIA rats. These results indicate that this method may represent a novel pharmacotherapy strategy for arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Sukedai
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, Japan
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22
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Hojman P, Spanggaard I, Olsen CH, Gehl J, Gissel H. Calcium electrotransfer for termination of transgene expression in muscle. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:753-60. [PMID: 21470044 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene electrotransfer is expanding in clinical use, thus we have searched for an emergency procedure to stop transgene expression in case of serious adverse events. Calcium is cytotoxic at high intracellular levels, so we tested effects of calcium electrotransfer on transgene expression in muscle. A clinical grade calcium solution (20 μl, 168 mM) was injected into transfected mouse or rat tibialis cranialis muscle. Ca(2+) uptake was quantified using calcium 45 ((45)Ca), and voltage and time between injection and pulsation were varied. Extinction of transgene expression was investigated by using both in vivo imaging of infrared fluorescent "Katushka" and erythropoietin evaluated by ELISA and hemoglobin. Histology was performed. Electrotransfer of Katushka and erythropoietin yielded significant expression. Maximal calcium uptake occurred after injection of Ca(2+) before electropulsing using eight high voltage pulses of 1000 V/cm. Using these parameters, in vivo imaging showed that transgene expression significantly decreased 4 hr after Ca(2+) electrotransfer and was eliminated within 24 hr. Similarly, serum erythropoietin was reduced by 46% at 4 hr and to control levels at 2 days. Histological analyses showed muscle damage and subsequent regeneration. Electrotransfer of isotonic CaCl(2) terminates transgenic protein expression in muscles and may be used for contingency elimination of transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Hojman
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DK-2730 Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Electroporation-Mediated DNA Vaccination. CLINICAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROPORATION 2011. [PMCID: PMC7122510 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8363-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Touchard E, Kowalczuk L, Bloquel C, Naud MC, Bigey P, Behar-Cohen F. The ciliary smooth muscle electrotransfer: basic principles and potential for sustained intraocular production of therapeutic proteins. J Gene Med 2010; 12:904-19. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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25
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Ratanamart J, Huggins CG, Shaw JAM. Transgene expression in mononuclear muscle cells not infiltrating inflammatory cells following intramuscular plasmid gene electrotransfer. J Gene Med 2010; 12:377-84. [PMID: 20373332 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In situ electroporation-assisted intramuscular plasmid DNA delivery offers high efficiency for therapeutic protein replacement. Expression may be impaired by an immune response against the plasmid or transgenic protein. Expression of the transgene in non-muscle cells may increase the immune response. Gene transfer efficiency and phenotypic identification of intramuscular transgene-expressing mononuclear cells was studied following electroporation-mediated plasmid delivery. METHODS Plasmids expressing beta-galactosidase (pVR1012-betagal) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) (pVR1012-eGFP) were electrotransferred into rat tibialis anterior muscles. Both transfection efficiency and the inflammatory response were determined in pVR1012-betagal-injected muscles by beta-galactosidase and haematoxylin and eosin staining of muscles 7 days post-plasmid injection. Muscles injected with pVR1012-eGFP were stained for CD3, CD68 and desmin at 24 and 48 h post-injection to determine whether mononuclear cells expressing eGFP were of immune or myogenic origin. RESULTS With electroporation, beta-galactosidase expression was significantly enhanced by up to ten-fold compared to plasmid injection without electroporation. A large area of regenerating muscle fibres and inflammatory cell infiltration was found in electroporated plasmid-injected muscle. No eGFP expression was found in CD3- or CD68-positive cells. Small mononuclear cells expressing eGFP showed negative staining for CD3 and CD68, but all stained positive for desmin. CONCLUSIONS In situ electroporation enhanced transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA delivery into muscle. Alongside its advantage for improving gene transfer, electroporation led to an increased inflammatory response and muscle damage. Mononuclear cells in muscle were transfected with plasmid and expressed the transgene. These cells were of myogenic origin with no evidence of transgene expression in infiltrating inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarupa Ratanamart
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Widespread biochemical correction of murine mucopolysaccharidosis type VII pathology by liver hydrodynamic plasmid delivery. Gene Ther 2009; 16:746-56. [PMID: 19357715 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of the acid hydrolase beta-glucuronidase. MPS VII mice develop progressive lysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) within multiple organs, including the brain. Using this animal model, we compared two plasmid gene administration techniques: muscle electrotransfer and liver-directed transfer using hydrodynamic injection. We have evaluated both the expression kinetics and the biodistribution of beta-glucuronidase activity after gene transfer, as well as the correction of biochemical abnormalities in various organs. This study shows that MPS VII mice treated with a plasmid-bearing mouse beta-glucuronidase cDNA, acquire the ability to produce the beta-glucuronidase enzyme for an extended period of time. The liver seemed to be more appropriate than the muscle as a target organ to enable enzyme secretion into the systemic circulation. A beneficial effect on the MPS VII pathology was also observed, as liver-directed gene transfer led to the correction of secondary enzymatic elevations and to the reduction of GAGs storage in peripheral tissues and brain, as well as to histological correction in many tissues. This work is one of the first examples showing that non-viral plasmid DNA delivery can lead to improvements in both peripheral and brain manifestations of MPS VII disease. It confirms the potential of non-viral systemic gene transfer strategy in neurological lysosomal disorders.
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Generation of high-titer neutralizing antibodies against botulinum toxins A, B, and E by DNA electrotransfer. Infect Immun 2009; 77:2221-9. [PMID: 19237523 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01269-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins are known to be among the most toxic known substances. They produce severe paralysis by preventing the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Thus, new strategies for efficient production of safe and effective anti-botulinum neurotoxin antisera have been a high priority. Here we describe the use of DNA electrotransfer into the skeletal muscle to enhance antiserum titers against botulinum toxin serotypes A, B, and E in mice. We treated animals with codon-optimized plasmid DNA encoding the nontoxic but highly immunogenic C-terminal heavy chain fragment of the toxin. By employing both codon optimization and the electrotransfer procedure, the immune response and corresponding neutralizing antiserum titers were markedly increased. The cellular localization of the antigen and the immunization regimens were also shown to increase neutralizing titers to >100 IU/ml. This study demonstrates that DNA electrotransfer is an effective procedure for raising neutralizing antiserum titers to remarkably high levels.
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Puttini S, Lekka M, Dorchies OM, Saugy D, Incitti T, Ruegg UT, Bozzoni I, Kulik AJ, Mermod N. Gene-mediated restoration of normal myofiber elasticity in dystrophic muscles. Mol Ther 2008; 17:19-25. [PMID: 19002166 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin mediates a physical link between the cytoskeleton of muscle fibers and the extracellular matrix, and its absence leads to muscle degeneration and dystrophy. In this article, we show that the lack of dystrophin affects the elasticity of individual fibers within muscle tissue explants, as probed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), providing a sensitive and quantitative description of the properties of normal and dystrophic myofibers. The rescue of dystrophin expression by exon skipping or by the ectopic expression of the utrophin analogue normalized the elasticity of dystrophic muscles, and these effects were commensurate to the functional recovery of whole muscle strength. However, a more homogeneous and widespread restoration of normal elasticity was obtained by the exon-skipping approach when comparing individual myofibers. AFM may thus provide a quantification of the functional benefit of gene therapies from live tissues coupled to single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Puttini
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Trollet C, Scherman D, Bigey P. Delivery of DNA into muscle for treating systemic diseases: advantages and challenges. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 423:199-214. [PMID: 18370200 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-194-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and safe method to deliver DNA in vivo is a requirement for several purposes, such as the study of gene function and gene therapy applications. Among the different nonviral delivery methods currently under investigation, in vivo DNA electrotransfer has proven to be one of the most efficient and simple methods. This technique is a physical method of gene delivery consisting of a local application of electric pulses after injection of DNA. This technique can be applied to almost any tissue of a living animal, including tumors, skin, liver, kidney, artery, retina, cornea, or even brain, but the focus of this review will be on electrotransfer of plasmid DNA into skeletal muscle and its possible therapeutic uses for systemic diseases. Skeletal muscle is a good target for electrotransfer of DNA because of the following features: a large volume of easily accessible tissue, an endocrine organ capable of expressing several local and systemic factors, and muscle fibers as postmitotic cells have a long lifespan, which allows long-term gene expression. In this review, we will describe the main characteristics of DNA electrotransfer, including toxicity and safety issues related to this technique. We will focus on the important possible therapeutic applications of electrotransfer for systemic diseases demonstrated in animal models in the recent years, in the fields of monogenic diseases, tissue-specific diseases, metabolic disorders, immune-system-related diseases, and cancer. Finally, we will discuss the advantages and challenges of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Trollet
- Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, René Descartes Paris 5 University, Paris, France
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Fewell JG. Factor IX gene therapy for hemophilia. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 423:375-382. [PMID: 18370215 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-194-9_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using gene therapy to produce systemic levels of human factor IX for the treatment of hemophilia B has been clinically evaluated using viral-based vectors. The efficacy of this approach has been limited because of immune responses against the viral components. An alternative approach is to use physical methods such as in vivo electroporation to deliver plasmid DNA, thereby avoiding some of the complications associated with viral-based delivery systems. A method describing intramuscular injection of plasmid formulated with an anionic polymer and followed by electroporation, which can produce high transfection efficiency and high levels of systemic factor IX protein following a single administration, is provided here.
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Allera-Moreau C, Delluc-Clavières A, Castano C, Van den Berghe L, Golzio M, Moreau M, Teissié J, Arnal JF, Prats AC. Long term expression of bicistronic vector driven by the FGF-1 IRES in mouse muscle. BMC Biotechnol 2007; 7:74. [PMID: 17963525 PMCID: PMC2180170 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-7-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electrotransfer of plasmid DNA into skeletal muscle is a promising strategy for the delivery of therapeutic molecules targeting various muscular diseases, cancer and lower-limb ischemia. Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRESs) allow co-expression of proteins of interest from a single transcriptional unit. IRESs are RNA elements that have been found in viral RNAs as well as a variety of cellular mRNAs with long 5' untranslated regions. While the encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) IRES is often used in expression vectors, we have shown that the FGF-1 IRES is equally active to drive short term transgene expression in mouse muscle. To compare the ability of the FGF-1 IRES to drive long term expression against the EMCV and FGF-2 IRESs, we performed analyses of expression kinetics using bicistronic vectors that express the bioluminescent renilla and firefly luciferase reporter genes. Long term expression of bicistronic vectors was also compared to that of monocistronic vectors. Bioluminescence was quantified ex vivo using a luminometer and in vivo using a CCD camera that monitors luminescence within live animals. Results Our data demonstrate that the efficiency of the FGF-1 IRES is comparable to that of the EMCV IRES for long term expression of bicistronic transgenes in mouse muscle, whereas the FGF-2 IRES has a very poor activity. Interestingly, we show that despite the global decrease of vector expression over time, the ratio of firefly to renilla luciferase remains stable with bicistronic vectors containing the FGF-1 or FGF-2 IRES and is slightly affected with the EMCV IRES, whereas it is clearly unstable for mixed monocistronic vectors. In addition, long term expression more drastically decreases with monocistronic vectors, and is different for single or mixed vector injection. Conclusion These data validate the use of bicistronic vectors rather than mixed monocistronic vectors for long term expression, and support the use of the FGF-1 IRES. The use of a cellular IRES over one of viral origin is of particular interest in the goal of eliminating viral sequences from transgenic vectors. In addition, the FGF-1 IRES, compared to the EMCV IRES, has a more stable activity, is shorter in length and more flexible in terms of downstream cloning of second cistrons. Finally, the FGF-1 IRES is very attractive to develop multicistronic expression cassettes for gene transfer in mouse muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Allera-Moreau
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), U858, Toulouse, France.
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32
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Abstract
Non-viral gene transfer is markedly enhanced by the application of in vivo electroporation. Electroporation is a safe and efficient system to introduce genes to a wide variety of tissues, including skeletal muscle, tumors, kidney, liver and skin. Electroporation has been demonstrated to be effective in numerous disease models. This review focuses on the principles of electroporation and the target tissues employed for gene therapy. Based on the accumulation of positive results, the first clinical study for the treatment of malignant melanoma is now underway, and preclinical studies have suggested that electroporation is useful as a gene therapy protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Isaka
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Divisions of Advanced Technology for Transplantation and Nephrology, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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33
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Liu F, Sag D, Wang J, Shollenberger LM, Niu F, Yuan X, Li SD, Thompson M, Monahan P. Sine-wave current for efficient and safe in vivo gene transfer. Mol Ther 2007; 15:1842-7. [PMID: 17637717 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, electro-gene transfer has become a powerful tool to enhance the efficiency of gene expression in different organs and particularly in muscle, which provides efficient secretion of therapeutic proteins into the circulation. However, its toxicity, owing to the high field strengths of conventional direct current (DC) square-waves, should be taken into account and should be minimized if electroporation is to be used routinely for the treatment of human diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that efficient in vivo gene transfer could be safely achieved using pulses of alternating current sine-waves (ACSWs) with a frequency of 60 Hz. Importantly, the field strength was decreased to as low as 20 V/cm and the efficiency of muscle gene transfer increased more than tenfold and showed less toxicity than with conventional DC square-wave pulses. Using ACSW pulses to transfer human clotting factor IX (hFIX) plasmid into muscle, we observed significant phenotypic correction in mice with hemophilia B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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34
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Gene expression profiles in skeletal muscle after gene electrotransfer. BMC Mol Biol 2007; 8:56. [PMID: 17598924 PMCID: PMC1925113 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-8-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene transfer by electroporation (DNA electrotransfer) to muscle results in high level long term transgenic expression, showing great promise for treatment of e.g. protein deficiency syndromes. However little is known about the effects of DNA electrotransfer on muscle fibres. We have therefore investigated transcriptional changes through gene expression profile analyses, morphological changes by histological analysis, and physiological changes by force generation measurements. DNA electrotransfer was obtained using a combination of a short high voltage pulse (HV, 1000 V/cm, 100 mus) followed by a long low voltage pulse (LV, 100 V/cm, 400 ms); a pulse combination optimised for efficient and safe gene transfer. Muscles were transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and excised at 4 hours, 48 hours or 3 weeks after treatment. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes were investigated by microarray analysis, and descriptive statistics were performed to evaluate the effects of 1) electroporation, 2) DNA injection, and 3) time after treatment. The biological significance of the results was assessed by gene annotation and supervised cluster analysis.Generally, electroporation caused down-regulation of structural proteins e.g. sarcospan and catalytic enzymes. Injection of DNA induced down-regulation of intracellular transport proteins e.g. sentrin. The effects on muscle fibres were transient as the expression profiles 3 weeks after treatment were closely related with the control muscles. Most interestingly, no changes in the expression of proteins involved in inflammatory responses or muscle regeneration was detected, indicating limited muscle damage and regeneration. Histological analysis revealed structural changes with loss of cell integrity and striation pattern in some fibres after DNA+HV+LV treatment, while HV+LV pulses alone showed preservation of cell integrity. No difference in the force generation capacity was observed in the muscles 2 weeks after DNA electrotransfer. CONCLUSION The small and transient changes found in the gene expression profiles are of great importance, as this demonstrates that DNA electrotransfer is safe with minor effects on the muscle host cells. These findings are essential for introducing the DNA electrotransfer to muscle for clinical use. Indeed the HV+LV pulse combination used has been optimised to ensure highly efficient and safe DNA electrotransfer.
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35
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Hojman P, Gissel H, Gehl J. Sensitive and precise regulation of haemoglobin after gene transfer of erythropoietin to muscle tissue using electroporation. Gene Ther 2007; 14:950-9. [PMID: 17410179 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation-based gene transfer (electro gene transfer (EGT)) is gaining increasing momentum, in particular for muscle tissue, where long-term high-level expression is obtainable. Induction of expression using the Tet-On system was previously established; however, attempts to reach a predefined target dose - a prescription, have not been reported. We set three target haemoglobin levels (10, 12 and 14 mmol/l, base level was 8.2 mmol/l) and aimed at them by transferring the erythropoietin (EPO) gene to mouse tibialis cranialis (TC) muscle, and varying (1) DNA amount, (2) muscle mass transfected and (3) induction with the Tet-On system. Results showed that (a) using GFP, luciferase and EPO low DNA amounts were needed. In fact, 0.5 microg of DNA to one TC muscle led to significant Hgb elevation - this amount extrapolates to 1.4 mg of DNA in humans, (b) three prescribers hit the targets with average Hgb of 10.5, 12.0 and 13.7 mmol/l, (c) different approaches could be used, (d) undershooting could be corrected by retransferring, and (e) overshooting could be alleviated by reducing dose of inducer (doxycycline (dox)). In conclusion, this study shows that using EGT to muscle, a preset level of protein expression can be reached. This is of great interest for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hojman
- Laboratory of the Department of Oncology, University of Copenhagen at Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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36
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Bryer SC, Koh TJ. Mechanical strain increases gene transfer to skeletal muscle cells. J Biomech 2007; 40:1995-2001. [PMID: 17092509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gene transfer techniques possess tremendous potential for treating diseases and for facilitating the study of basic physiological processes. However, further development of efficient and safe methods for gene transfer is needed. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that mechanical strain increases the transfer of DNA to differentiated skeletal muscle cells. We tested this hypothesis by applying cyclic strain to cultured skeletal myotubes either prior to or immediately after the introduction of exogenous DNA complexed with lipids, with strains of varying magnitude (10%, 20% and 30%), number (1800, 3600 and 7200 strain cycles) and frequency (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 Hz). Results demonstrated that DNA transfection was increased by exposing muscle cells to cyclic strain, and that strain magnitude, number and frequency each influenced DNA transfection. Optimal strain conditions (20% strain magnitude, 3600 cycles applied at 1 Hz) were utilized to examine the role of membrane transport systems in strain-induced increases in DNA transfection. Filipin III was used to inhibit caveolar transport and was found to inhibit strain-mediated increases in DNA transfection, whereas chlorpromazine, used to inhibit clathrin-coated vesicle transport, had no effect. These results indicate that mechanical strain may be an effective method for increasing DNA transfection in skeletal muscle through enhanced caveolar transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Bryer
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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37
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Abstract
The utilisation of nonviral gene delivery methods has been increasing steadily, however, a drawback has been the relative low efficiency of gene transfer with naked DNA compared with viral delivery methods. In vivo electroporation, which has previously been used clinically to deliver chemotherapeutic agents, also enhances the delivery of plasmid DNA and has been used to deliver plasmids to several tissue types, particularly muscle and tumour. Recently, a large number of preclinical studies for a variety of therapeutic modalities have demonstrated the potential of electrically mediated gene transfer. Although clinical trials using gene transfer with in vivo electroporation have not as yet been realised, the tremendous growth of this technology suggests that the first trials will soon be initiated.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Electroporation
- Erythropoietin/administration & dosage
- Erythropoietin/genetics
- Erythropoietin/metabolism
- Forecasting
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Therapy/trends
- Growth Substances/administration & dosage
- Growth Substances/genetics
- Growth Substances/metabolism
- Hematologic Diseases/genetics
- Hematologic Diseases/metabolism
- Hematologic Diseases/therapy
- Humans
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Interleukin-12/administration & dosage
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Melanoma/therapy
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/genetics
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Protein Deficiency/genetics
- Protein Deficiency/metabolism
- Protein Deficiency/therapy
- Toxins, Biological/administration & dosage
- Toxins, Biological/genetics
- Toxins, Biological/metabolism
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Loree C Heller
- University of South Florida, Center of Molecular Delivery, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Delivery, College of Medicine, Tampa, 33612-4799, USA.
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38
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Fabre EE, Bigey P, Orsini C, Scherman D. Comparison of promoter region constructs for in vivo intramuscular expression. J Gene Med 2006; 8:636-45. [PMID: 16477670 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High transgene expression is generally expected after gene transfer. However, different level, kinetics and localization of expression might be needed for relevant therapeutic applications. Former studies have compared various promoter regions driving gene expression leading to conflicting results. In the present work, two promoter families have been compared using the efficient in vivo intramuscular electrotransfer technique. METHODS Three promoter regions were constructed by associating the strong ubiquitous cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer-promoter to its homologous intron A or to a heterologous intron, or to a hybrid intron. Promoter regions derived from the muscle creatine kinase (MCK) promoter were also studied. The expression of the same transgene (SeAP or neurotrophin-3) under control of these different promoters was compared after plasmid electrotransfer in mouse tibialis-cranialis skeletal muscle. RESULTS Heterologous intron association to the CMV promoter did not modify gene expression kinetics nor increase gene expression level. Usefulness of intron A or hybrid intron association to the CMV promoter depended on the gene. The various MCK promoters drove efficient gene expression but lower than that obtained with the CMV promoter. Furthermore, peak value was reached earlier with MCK promoter regions (14 days). CONCLUSION For applications of gene transfer restricted to skeletal muscle, the MCK promoter or a MCK promoter variant would be a promising alternative to the CMV promoter. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that the use of MCK promoter limits humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Furthermore, the MCK promoter decreases the initial expression peak that may be detrimental, drives a sustained gene expression, and improves gene transfer safety.
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39
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Rubenstrunk A, Trollet C, Orsini C, Scherman D. Positive in vivo heterologous gene regulation by electric pulses delivery with metallothionein I gene promoter. J Gene Med 2006; 7:1565-72. [PMID: 16142828 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo electrotransfer is a physical method of gene delivery in various tissues and organs. It is a promising strategy for the systemic secretion of therapeutic proteins and for DNA vaccination. Nevertheless, for the success of gene therapy in clinics, it is essential to develop gene regulation systems. The existing systems described in the literature all rely on the creation of an artificial transcription factor and/or an inducer drug. New strategies based on endogenous regulatable elements are being developed. We have previously identified the murine metallothionein promoter as an endogenous promoter inducible by controlled electric stimuli applied for electrotransfer experiments. We report here a regulation strategy based on this murine metallothionein promoter in a plasmid context using electric pulses delivery as an inducer. METHODS Plasmids containing different constructions of the murine metallothionein I (mMT-I) promoter were transfected in mice tibialis-cranalis muscles using the simple skeletal muscle electrotransfer method. The regulation system was studied with the murine secreted alkaline phosphatase (MUSEAP) reporter gene. RESULTS The mMT-I promoter can be transiently induced in vivo by application of electric fields. Its inducibility was analyzed in a plasmid context. We demonstrated that the mechanism of this transcriptional induction is not mediated by the cellular entry of metal ions. The ARE (antioxidant-responsive element) sequence was identified as the element responsive to the electric field stimulation. CONCLUSIONS This time-control of the expression of a therapeutic gene by physical stimuli could be of value in the context of gene regulation for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rubenstrunk
- UMR 7001 CNRS/ENSCP/Gencell S.A., Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, 94403 Vitry Sur Seine, France
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40
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Zi XY, Yao YC, Zhu HY, Xiong J, Wu XJ, Zhang N, Ba Y, Li WL, Wang XM, Li JX, Yu HY, Ye XT, Lau JTY, Hu YP. Long-term persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody induced by DNA-mediated immunization results in liver and kidney lesions in mice. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:875-86. [PMID: 16552712 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA-mediated immunization has been recognized as a new approach for prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the side effects of this approach have not been well described. Here we report that DNA-mediated immunization by intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA encoding HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) induced long-term persistence of HBsAg and HBsAg-specific antibody (anti-HBs) in the sera of the immunized BALB/c mice and resulted in liver and kidney lesions. The lesions persisted for 6 months after injection. Lesions were also found in normal mice injected with the sera from immunized mice, and in HBV-transgenic mice injected with anti-HBs antibody, or sera from immunized mice. Furthermore, lesions were accompanied by deposition of circulating immune complex (CIC) of HBsAg and anti-HBs antibody in the damaged organs. These results indicate that long-term persistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs in the immunized mice can result in deposited CIC in liver and kidney, and in development of lesions. The use of DNA containing mammalian replication origins, such as the plasmids used in this study, is not appropriate for human vaccines due to safety concerns relating to persistence of DNA; nevertheless, the safety of DNA-mediated immunization protocols still needs to be carefully evaluated before practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Zi
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R China
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41
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Bloquel C, Bejjani R, Bigey P, Bedioui F, Doat M, BenEzra D, Scherman D, Behar-Cohen F. Plasmid electrotransfer of eye ciliary muscle: principles and therapeutic efficacy using hTNF‐α soluble receptor in uveitis. FASEB J 2005; 20:389-91. [PMID: 16352651 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4737fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to its small size and particular isolating barriers, the eye is an ideal target for local therapy. Recombinant protein ocular delivery requires invasive and painful repeated injections. Alternatively, a transfected tissue might be used as a local producer of transgene-encoded therapeutic protein. We have developed a nondamaging electrically mediated plasmid delivery technique (electrotransfer) targeted to the ciliary muscle, which is used as a reservoir tissue for the long-lasting expression and secretion of therapeutic proteins. High and long-lasting reporter gene expression was observed, which was restricted to the ciliary muscle. Chimeric TNF-alpha soluble receptor (hTNFR-Is) electrotransfer led to elevated protein secretion in aqueous humor and to drastic inhibition of clinical and histological inflammation scores in rats with endotoxin-induced uveitis. No hTNFR-Is was detected in the serum, demonstrating the local delivery of proteins using this method. Plasmid electrotransfer to the ciliary muscle, as performed in this study, did not induce any ocular pathology or structural damage. Local and sustained therapeutic protein production through ciliary muscle electrotransfer is a promising alternative to repeated intraocular protein administration for a large number of inflammatory, degenerative, or angiogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bloquel
- INSERM, U640, CNRS, UMR8151, René Descartes Paris 5 University, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Chemical and Genetic Pharmacology Laboratory, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Paris, France
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42
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Durieux AC, Bonnefoy R, Freyssenet D. Kinetic of transgene expression after electrotransfer into skeletal muscle: Importance of promoter origin/strength. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2005; 1725:403-9. [PMID: 16054757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Revised: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We determined over a 3-week period some of the factors that may influence the kinetic of gene expression following in vivo gene electrotransfer. Histochemical analysis of beta-galactosidase and biochemical analysis of luciferase expressions were used to determine reporter gene activity in the Tibialis anterior muscles of young Sprague-Dawley male rats. Transfection efficiency peaked 5 days after gene electrotransfer and then exponentially decreased to reach non-detectable levels at day 28. Reduction of muscle damage by decreasing the amount of DNA injected or the cumulated pulse duration did not improve the kinetic of gene expression. Electrotransfer of luciferase expression plasmids driven either by viral or mammalian promoters rather show that most of the decrease in transgene expression was related to promoter origin/strength. By regulating the amount of transgene expression, the promoter origin/strength could modulate the immune response triggered against the foreign protein and ultimately the kinetic of transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Cécile Durieux
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Unité Physiologie et Physiopathologie de l'Exercice et Handicap, Université Jean Monnet, Faculté de Médecine, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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43
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Satkauskas S, André F, Bureau MF, Scherman D, Miklavcic D, Mir LM. Electrophoretic Component of Electric Pulses Determines the Efficacy of In Vivo DNA Electrotransfer. Hum Gene Ther 2005; 16:1194-201. [PMID: 16218780 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient DNA electrotransfer can be achieved with combinations of short high-voltage (HV) and long low voltage (LV) pulses that cover two effects of the pulses, namely, target cell electropermeabilization and DNA electrophoresis within the tissue. Because HV and LV can be delivered with a lag up to 3000 sec between them, we considered that it was possible to analyze separately the respective importance of the two types of effects of the electric fields on DNA electrotransfer efficiency. The tibialis cranialis muscles of C57BL/6 mice were injected with plasmid DNA encoding luciferase or green fluorescent protein and then exposed to various combinations of HV and LV pulses. DNA electrotransfer efficacy was determined by measuring luciferase activity in the treated muscles. We found that for effective DNA electrotransfer into skeletal muscles the HV pulse is prerequisite; however, its number and duration do not significantly affect electrotransfer efficacy. DNA electrotransfer efficacy is dependent mainly on the parameters of the LV pulse(s). We report that different LV number, LV individual duration, and LV strength can be used, provided the total duration and field strength result in convenient electrophoretic transport of DNA toward and/or across a permeabilized membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulius Satkauskas
- Vectorology and Gene Transfer, UMR 8121 CNRS, Institute Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
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44
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Long YC, Jaichandran S, Ho LP, Tien SL, Tan SY, Kon OL. FVIII gene delivery by muscle electroporation corrects murine hemophilia A. J Gene Med 2005; 7:494-505. [PMID: 15521095 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemophilia A treatment relies on costly factor VIII (FVIII) replacement that may transmit iatrogenic viral diseases. Viral vectors and cell implants are being developed as improvements. We investigated in vivo electroporation of naked DNA as a safe and simple method for correcting FVIII deficiency. METHODS B-domain-deleted murine FVIII cDNA expression plasmids were constructed with CMV and elongation factor 1alpha promoters for characterisation in murine C2C12 myoblasts. The construct conferring highest in vitro FVIII secretion was electroporated into skeletal muscle of FVII null mice in vivo for phenotypic correction using a protocol that minimised tissue injury. RESULTS B-domain-deleted murine FVIII cDNA plasmids induced FVIII secretion from stably transfected C2C12 myoblasts (0.54+/-0.20 mU/day/10(5) cells). Phenotypic correction of hemophilic mice was more consistently achieved using a protocol for in vivo electroporation of gastrocnemius muscle with FVIII cDNA that reduced tissue injury by the use of plate electrodes, hyaluronidase pre-treatment and lower field strength. This technique was associated with <10% muscle necrosis. Activated partial thromboplastin time decreased from 51.4+/-3.3 to 34.7+/-1.1 (mean+/-s.e.m.) seconds (p=0.0004) following in vivo electroporation (0.1 mg plasmid/limb; 8x20 ms pulses, 175 V/cm, 1 Hz) of hemophilic mice. All hemophilic mice (8/8) survived hemostatic challenge after muscle electroporation with FVIII cDNA, whereas all (9/9) untreated hemophilic mice died. Plasmid DNA was detectable only in electroporated muscle and not in all other organs tested, including gonads. CONCLUSION In vivo intramuscular electroporation of naked FVIII plasmid successfully corrects murine hemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chau Long
- National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, National University Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Republic of Singapore
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Satkauskas S, Andre F, Bureau MF, Scherman D, Miklavcic D, Mir LM. Electrophoretic Component of Electric Pulses Determines the Efficacy of In Vivo DNA Electrotransfer. Hum Gene Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.ft-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Grønevik E, von Steyern FV, Kalhovde JM, Tjelle TE, Mathiesen I. Gene expression and immune response kinetics using electroporation-mediated DNA delivery to muscle. J Gene Med 2005; 7:218-27. [PMID: 15515140 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injection of DNA encoding exogenic proteins into muscle tissue combined with electroporation often results in a transient increase of the encoded protein concentration in the muscle and the blood. The reduction is normally due to an immune response against the exogenic protein but other factors may also be involved. How various electroporation parameters affect the concentration kinetics of syngenic and exogenic proteins is studied in relation to immune response and muscle damage after electroporation-mediated DNA transfer to muscle. METHODS Electroporation was applied to mouse quadriceps and rat tibialis anterior muscles after injection of DNA encoding either secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), luciferase or a mouse IgG molecule. Protein concentrations in blood or muscle and antibody responses were measured for a period up to 3 months. Tissue inflammation and muscle cell damage were studied on muscle cross-sections and assessed by measuring the concentrations of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in blood. RESULTS Mice with the highest SEAP concentration in blood at day 7 also had the highest rate of decrease afterwards, the strongest antibody responses against SEAP and the highest acute levels of CPK in blood. DNA-transfected muscle fibers were significantly reduced in number from days 7 to 14. Mononuclear cells surrounded the reporter gene expressing muscle fibers, thus indicating a cellular immune response. When using DNA encoding a syngenic protein the protein concentration in blood was relatively stabile over a 3-month period, but showed different kinetics for various electroporation parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the optimal electroporation parameters for DNA vaccination may be different from the optimal parameters for long-term expression of genes encoding syngenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Grønevik
- Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, Box 1103 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Thanaketpaisarn O, Nishikawa M, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Tissue-Specific Characteristics of in Vivo Electric Gene: Transfer by Tissue and Intravenous Injection of Plasmid DNA. Pharm Res 2005; 22:883-91. [PMID: 15948032 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-4583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the tissue-specific characteristics of electric gene transfer after tissue and intravenous injection of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA). METHODS pDNA encoding firefly luciferase was injected directly into the liver, kidney, spleen, skin and muscle, or into the tail vein of mice, and electric pulses were then applied to one of these organs. The distribution of transgene expressing cells was evaluated using pDNA encoding beta-galactosidase. RESULTS Tissue injection of pDNA produced a significant degree of transgene expression in any tissue with the greatest amount in the liver, followed by kidney and spleen. The expression in these organs decreased quickly with time, and muscle showed the greatest expression at 7 days. Electroporation significantly increased the expression, and the expression level was comparable among the organs. Intravenous injection of pDNA followed by electroporation resulted in a significant expression in the liver, spleen, and kidney but not in the skin or muscle. CONCLUSIONS Electric gene transfer to the liver, kidney, and spleen can be an effective approach to obtain significant amounts of transgene expression by either tissue or intravenous injection of pDNA, whereas it is only effective after tissue injection as far as skin- or muscle-targeted gene transfer is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oranuch Thanaketpaisarn
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Richard P, Pollard H, Lanctin C, Bello-Roufaï M, Désigaux L, Escande D, Pitard B. Inducible production of erythropoietin using intramuscular injection of block copolymer/DNA formulation. J Gene Med 2005; 7:80-6. [PMID: 15468192 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA formulated with a non-ionic amphiphile synthetic vector [poly(ethylene oxide)(13)-poly(propylene oxide)(30)-poly(ethylene oxide)(13) block copolymer; PE6400] increases reporter gene expression compared with naked DNA. We have now investigated this simple non-viral formulation for production of secreted proteins from the mouse skeletal muscle. METHODS Plasmids encoding either constitutive human secreted alkaline phosphatase or murine erythropoietin inducible via a Tet-on system were formulated with PE6400 and intramuscularly injected into the mouse tibial anterior muscle. RESULTS PE6400/DNA formulation led to an increased amount of recombinant alkaline phosphatase secreted from skeletal muscle as compared with naked DNA. In the presence of doxycycline, a single injection of 10 microg plasmid encoding inducible murine erythropoietin formulated with PE6400 significantly increased the hematocrit, whereas the same amount of DNA in the absence of PE6400 had no effect. The increase in the hematocrit was stable for 42 days. The tetracycline-inducible promoter permitted pharmacological control of hematocrit level after DNA intramuscular injection. However, 4 months post-injection the hematocrit returned to its pre-injection value, even in the presence of doxycycline. This phenomenon was likely caused by an immune response against the tetracycline-activated transcription factor. CONCLUSIONS Intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA formulated with PE6400 provides an efficient and simple method for secretion and production of non-muscle proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Richard
- L'Institut du Thorax, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm U533, Faculté de Médecine, 44000 Nantes, France
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Mir LM, Moller PH, André F, Gehl J. Electric pulse-mediated gene delivery to various animal tissues. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2005; 54:83-114. [PMID: 16096009 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2660(05)54005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation designates the use of electric pulses to transiently permeabilize the cell membrane. It has been shown that DNA can be transferred to cells through a combined effect of electric pulses causing (1) permeabilization of the cell membrane and (2) an electrophoretic effect on DNA, leading the polyanionic molecule to move toward or across the destabilized membrane. This process is now referred to as DNA electrotransfer or electro gene transfer (EGT). Several studies have shown that EGT can be highly efficient, with low variability both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the area transfected is restricted by the placement of the electrodes, and is thus highly controllable. This has led to an increasing use of the technology to transfer reporter or therapeutic genes to various tissues, as evidenced from the large amount of data accumulated on this new approach for non-viral gene therapy, termed electrogenetherapy (EGT as well). By transfecting cells with a long lifetime, such as muscle fibers, a very long-term expression of genes can be obtained. A great variety of tissues have been transfected successfully, from muscle as the most extensively used, to both soft (e.g., spleen) and hard tissue (e.g., cartilage). It has been shown that therapeutic levels of systemically circulating proteins can be obtained, opening possibilities for using EGT therapeutically. This chapter describes the various aspects of in vivo gene delivery by means of electric pulses, from important issues in methodology to updated results concerning the electrotransfer of reporter and therapeutic genes to different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis M Mir
- Laboratory of Vectorology and Gene Transfer, UMR 8121 CNRS Institut Gustave-Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif Cédex, France
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Wang XD, Tang JG, Xie XL, Yang JC, Li S, Ji JG, Gu J. A comprehensive study of optimal conditions for naked plasmid DNA transfer into skeletal muscle by electroporation. J Gene Med 2005; 7:1235-45. [PMID: 15880605 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient gene transfer is a key factor in gene therapy. Reducing the damage caused by gene transfer to muscle by electroporation is very important for its clinical application. Extensive investigation of optimal conditions for gene transfer by electroporation is required. The parameters used for electroporation, including plasmid concentration; injection volume; the plasmid dose of the injection; the concentration of saline media; the size of plasmid DNA; the age of the mice; the lag time between plasmid injection and electroporation; and the effect of repeated gene transfer by electroporation, were systematically investigated in the present study. The efficiencies of gene transfer by electroporation in normal and rodent models of diabetes were also evaluated. We found that electroporation used for non-viral gene transfer could be repeated in the same place in the muscle, but the expression efficiency was closely related to the muscle damage. Increasing pulse times could enhance the efficiency of gene transfer with a lower strength of electric field. It was better to use a higher plasmid concentration than to use a larger dose of plasmid and repeated injection to achieve a high level of transgene expression. Optimal conditions varied in different animal models, being milder for diabetic mice than for normal mice, and it was also shown that the conditions that worked well on these small rodents were not necessarily suitable for larger animals. Our results provide a comprehensive view of the factors that affect the efficiency of gene transfer into skeletal muscle by electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dong Wang
- National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
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