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Kaviarasan V, Deka D, Balaji D, Pathak S, Banerjee A. Signaling Pathways in Trans-differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Recent Advances. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2736:207-223. [PMID: 37140811 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2023_478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are a group of multipotent cells that can be induced to differentiate into other cell types. The cells fate is decided by various signaling pathways, growth factors, and transcription factors in differentiation. The proper coordination of these factors will result in cell specification. MSCs are capable of being differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Different conditions induces the MSCs into particular phenotypes. The MSC trans-differentiation ensues as a response to environmental factors or due to circumstances that prove to favor trans-differentiation. Depending on the stage at which they are expressed, and the genetic alterations they undergo prior to their expression, transcription factors can accelerate the process of trans-differentiation. Further research has been conducted on the challenging aspect of MSCs being developed into non-mesenchymal lineage. The cells that are differentiated in this way maintain their stability even after being induced in animals. The recent advancements in the trans-differentiation capacities of MSCs on induction with chemicals, growth inducers, improved differentiation mediums, growth factors from plant extracts, and electrical stimulation are discussed in this paper. Signaling pathways have a great effect on MSCs trans-differentiation and they need to be better understood for their applications in therapeutic techniques. So, this paper tends to review the major signaling pathways that play a vital role in the trans-differentiation of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishak Kaviarasan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Dikshita Deka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Darshini Balaji
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai, India.
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Buck AM, Deveau TM, Henrich TJ, Deitchman AN. Challenges in HIV-1 Latent Reservoir and Target Cell Quantification in CAR-T Cell and Other Lentiviral Gene Modifying HIV Cure Strategies. Viruses 2023; 15:1126. [PMID: 37243212 PMCID: PMC10222761 DOI: 10.3390/v15051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-modification therapies are at the forefront of HIV-1 cure strategies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells pose a potential approach to target infected cells during antiretroviral therapy or following analytical treatment interruption (ATI). However, there are technical challenges in the quantification of HIV-1-infected and CAR-T cells in the setting of lentiviral CAR gene delivery and also in the identification of cells expressing target antigens. First, there is a lack of validated techniques to identify and characterize cells expressing the hypervariable HIV gp120 in both ART-suppressed and viremic individuals. Second, close sequence homology between lentiviral-based CAR-T gene modification vectors and conserved regions of HIV-1 creates quantification challenges of HIV-1 and lentiviral vector levels. Consideration needs to be taken into standardizing HIV-1 DNA/RNA assays in the setting of CAR-T cell and other lentiviral vector-based therapies to avoid these confounding interactions. Lastly, with the introduction of HIV-1 resistance genes in CAR-T cells, there is a need for assays with single-cell resolution to determine the competence of the gene inserts to prevent CAR-T cells from becoming infected in vivo. As novel therapies continue to arise in the HIV-1 cure field, resolving these challenges in CAR-T-cell therapy will be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Buck
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Tyler-Marie Deveau
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Amelia N. Deitchman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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Padmaswari MH, Agrawal S, Jia MS, Ivy A, Maxenberger DA, Burcham LA, Nelson CE. Delivery challenges for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011307. [PMID: 36864908 PMCID: PMC9969352 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked neuromuscular disorder that affects about one in every 5000 live male births. DMD is caused by mutations in the gene that codes for dystrophin, which is required for muscle membrane stabilization. The loss of functional dystrophin causes muscle degradation that leads to weakness, loss of ambulation, cardiac and respiratory complications, and eventually, premature death. Therapies to treat DMD have advanced in the past decade, with treatments in clinical trials and four exon-skipping drugs receiving conditional Food and Drug Administration approval. However, to date, no treatment has provided long-term correction. Gene editing has emerged as a promising approach to treating DMD. There is a wide range of tools, including meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and, most notably, RNA-guided enzymes from the bacterial adaptive immune system clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Although challenges in using CRISPR for gene therapy in humans still abound, including safety and efficiency of delivery, the future for CRISPR gene editing for DMD is promising. This review will summarize the progress in CRISPR gene editing for DMD including key summaries of current approaches, delivery methodologies, and the challenges that gene editing still faces as well as prospective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpi Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Mary S. Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Allie Ivy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Daniel A. Maxenberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Landon A. Burcham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Pruschinski Fernandes MT, Farias dos Santos J, Freitas BL, Reigado GR, Antunes F, Tessarollo NG, Chambergo Alcalde FS, Strauss BE, Nunes VA. Reporter system controlled by the involucrin promoter as a tool to follow epidermal differentiation. Biochimie 2022; 201:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Gaudreau MC, Gudi RR, Li G, Johnson BM, Vasu C. Gastrin producing syngeneic mesenchymal stem cells protect non-obese diabetic mice from type 1 diabetes. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:95-108. [PMID: 34882054 PMCID: PMC9875811 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2021.2012165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Progressive destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells by immune cells is a primary feature of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and therapies that can restore the functional β-cell mass are needed to alleviate disease progression. Here, we report the use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) for the production and delivery of Gastrin, a peptide hormone that is produced by intestinal cells and foetal islets and can increase β-Cell mass, to promote protection from T1D. A single injection of syngeneic MSCs that were engineered to express Gastrin (Gastrin-MSCs) caused a significant delay in hyperglycaemia in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice compared to engineered control-MSCs. Similar treatment of early-hyperglycaemic mice caused the restoration of euglycemia for a considerable duration, and these therapeutic effects were associated with the protection of, and/or higher frequencies of, insulin-producing islets and less severe insulitis. While the overall immune cell phenotype was not affected profoundly upon treatment using Gastrin-MSCs or upon in vitro culture, pancreatic lymph node cells from Gastrin-MSC treated mice, upon ex vivo challenge with self-antigen, showed a Th2 and Th17 bias, and diminished the diabetogenic property in NOD-Rag1 deficient mice suggesting a disease protective immune modulation under Gastrin-MSC treatment associated protection from hyperglycaemia. Overall, this study shows the potential of production and delivery of Gastrin in vivo, by MSCs, in protecting insulin-producing β-cells and ameliorating the disease progression in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Gaudreau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC-29425
| | - Radhika R. Gudi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC-29425
| | - Gongbo Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612
| | - Benjamin M. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC-29425
| | - Chenthamarakshan Vasu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC-29425,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL-60612,Address Correspondence: Chenthamarakshan Vasu, Medical University of South Carolina, Microbiology and Immunology, 173 Ashley Avenue, MSC 509, BSB214B, Charleston, SC-29425, Phone: 843-792-1032, Fax: 843-792-9588,
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6
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Roig-Merino A, Urban M, Bozza M, Peterson JD, Bullen L, Büchler-Schäff M, Stäble S, van der Hoeven F, Müller-Decker K, McKay TR, Milsom MD, Harbottle RP. An episomal DNA vector platform for the persistent genetic modification of pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated progeny. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 17:143-158. [PMID: 34942088 PMCID: PMC8758943 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic modification of stem cells (SCs) is typically achieved using integrating vectors, whose potential integrative genotoxicity and propensity for epigenetic silencing during differentiation limit their application. The genetic modification of cells should provide sustainable levels of transgene expression, without compromising the viability of a cell or its progeny. We developed nonviral, nonintegrating, and autonomously replicating minimally sized DNA nanovectors to persistently genetically modify SCs and their differentiated progeny without causing any molecular or genetic damage. These DNA vectors are capable of efficiently modifying murine and human pluripotent SCs with minimal impact and without differentiation-mediated transgene silencing or vector loss. We demonstrate that these vectors remain episomal and provide robust and sustained transgene expression during self-renewal and targeted differentiation of SCs both in vitro and in vivo through embryogenesis and differentiation into adult tissues, without damaging their phenotypic characteristics. Nanovectors are used to engineer SCs efficiently, safely, and persistently Isogenic SC lines retain their capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency Nanovectors survive reprogramming and differentiation without loss or silencing Nanovectors are a universal genetic tool for the modification of any cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Roig-Merino
- DNA Vectors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Manuela Urban
- DNA Vectors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Matthias Bozza
- DNA Vectors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julia D Peterson
- DNA Vectors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Louise Bullen
- Stem Cell Biology, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Marleen Büchler-Schäff
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (Hi-STEM), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Division of Experimental Hematology, DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sina Stäble
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (Hi-STEM), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Translational Cancer Epigenomics, Division of Translational Medical Oncology, DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | | | - Tristan R McKay
- Stem Cell Biology, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Michael D Milsom
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (Hi-STEM), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Division of Experimental Hematology, DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Richard P Harbottle
- DNA Vectors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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7
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Influence of Different Glycoproteins and of the Virion Core on SERINC5 Antiviral Activity. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071279. [PMID: 34209034 PMCID: PMC8310182 DOI: 10.3390/v13071279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Host plasma membrane protein SERINC5 is incorporated into budding retrovirus particles where it blocks subsequent entry into susceptible target cells. Three structurally unrelated proteins encoded by diverse retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef, equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) S2, and ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV) GlycoGag, disrupt SERINC5 antiviral activity by redirecting SERINC5 from the site of virion assembly on the plasma membrane to an internal RAB7+ endosomal compartment. Pseudotyping retroviruses with particular glycoproteins, e.g., vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV G), renders the infectivity of particles resistant to inhibition by virion-associated SERINC5. To better understand viral determinants for SERINC5-sensitivity, the effect of SERINC5 was assessed using HIV-1, MLV, and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) virion cores, pseudotyped with glycoproteins from Arenavirus, Coronavirus, Filovirus, Rhabdovirus, Paramyxovirus, and Orthomyxovirus genera. SERINC5 restricted virions pseudotyped with glycoproteins from several retroviruses, an orthomyxovirus, a rhabdovirus, a paramyxovirus, and an arenavirus. Infectivity of particles pseudotyped with HIV-1, amphotropic-MLV (A-MLV), or influenza A virus (IAV) glycoproteins, was decreased by SERINC5, whether the core was provided by HIV-1, MLV, or M-PMV. In contrast, particles pseudotyped with glycoproteins from M-PMV, parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), or rabies virus (RABV) were sensitive to SERINC5, but only with particular retroviral cores. Resistance to SERINC5 did not correlate with reduced SERINC5 incorporation into particles, route of viral entry, or absolute infectivity of the pseudotyped virions. These findings indicate that some non-retroviruses may be sensitive to SERINC5 and that, in addition to the viral glycoprotein, the retroviral core influences sensitivity to SERINC5.
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8
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Srifa W, Kosaric N, Amorin A, Jadi O, Park Y, Mantri S, Camarena J, Gurtner GC, Porteus M. Cas9-AAV6-engineered human mesenchymal stromal cells improved cutaneous wound healing in diabetic mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2470. [PMID: 32424320 PMCID: PMC7235221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are a promising source for engineered cell-based therapies in which genetic engineering could enhance therapeutic efficacy and install novel cellular functions. Here, we describe an optimized Cas9-AAV6-based genome editing tool platform for site-specific mutagenesis and integration of up to more than 3 kilobases of exogenous DNA in the genome of hMSCs derived from the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood without altering their ex vivo characteristics. We generate safe harbor-integrated lines of engineered hMSCs and show that engineered luciferase-expressing hMSCs are transiently active in vivo in wound beds of db/db mice. Moreover, we generate PDGF-BB- and VEGFA-hypersecreting hMSC lines as short-term, local wound healing agents with superior therapeutic efficacy over wildtype hMSCs in the diabetic mouse model without replacing resident cells long-term. This study establishes a precise genetic engineering platform for genetic studies of hMSCs and development of engineered hMSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waracharee Srifa
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nina Kosaric
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alvaro Amorin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Othmane Jadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yujin Park
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sruthi Mantri
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joab Camarena
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Porteus
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Safarova Y, Umbayev B, Hortelano G, Askarova S. Mesenchymal stem cells modifications for enhanced bone targeting and bone regeneration. Regen Med 2020; 15:1579-1594. [PMID: 32297546 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In pathological bone conditions (e.g., osteoporotic fractures or critical size bone defects), increasing the pool of osteoblast progenitor cells is a promising therapeutic approach to facilitate bone healing. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to the osteogenic lineage, a number of clinical trials investigated the potential of MSCs transplantation for bone regeneration. However, the engraftment of transplanted cells is often hindered by insufficient oxygen and nutrients supply and the tendency of MSCs to home to different sites of the body. In this review, we discuss various approaches of MSCs transplantation for bone regeneration including scaffold and hydrogel constructs, genetic modifications and surface engineering of the cell membrane aimed to improve homing and increase cell viability, proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Safarova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,School of Engineering & Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Bauyrzhan Umbayev
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Gonzalo Hortelano
- School of Sciences & Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Sholpan Askarova
- Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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Calikoglu Koyuncu AC, Nayman AH, Telci D, Torun Kose G. Tissue transglutaminase_variant 2-transduced mesenchymal stem cells and their chondrogenic potential. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1839-1852. [PMID: 32068240 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As cartilage is incapable of self-healing upon severe degeneration because of the lack of blood vessels, cartilage tissue engineering is gaining importance in the treatment of cartilage defects. This study was designed to improve cartilage tissue regeneration by expressing tissue transglutaminase variant 2 (TGM2_v2) in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from bone marrow of rats. For this purpose, rat MSCs transduced with TGM2_v2 were grown and differentiated on three-dimensional polybutylene succinate (PBSu) and poly-l-lactide (PLLA) blend scaffolds. The transduced cells could not only successfully express the short form transglutaminase-2, but also deposited the protein onto the scaffolds. In addition, they could spontaneously produce cartilage-specific proteins without any chondrogenic induction, suggesting that TGM2_v2 expression provided the cells the ability of chondrogenic differentiation. PBSu:PLLA scaffolds loaded with TGM2_v2 expressing MSCs could be used in repair of articular cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayse Hande Nayman
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering/Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Telci
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering/Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Torun Kose
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering/Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Immunotherapy and for Gene and Drug Delivery. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 16:204-224. [PMID: 32071924 PMCID: PMC7012781 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess several fairly unique properties that, when combined, make them ideally suited for cellular-based immunotherapy and as vehicles for gene and drug delivery for a wide range of diseases and disorders. Key among these are: (1) their relative ease of isolation from a variety of tissues; (2) the ability to be expanded in culture without a loss of functionality, a property that varies to some degree with tissue source; (3) they are relatively immune-inert, perhaps obviating the need for precise donor/recipient matching; (4) they possess potent immunomodulatory functions that can be tailored by so-called licensing in vitro and in vivo; (5) the efficiency with which they can be modified with viral-based vectors; and (6) their almost uncanny ability to selectively home to damaged tissues, tumors, and metastases following systemic administration. In this review, we summarize the latest research in the immunological properties of MSCs, their use as immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory agents, methods for licensing MSCs to customize their immunological profile, and their use as vehicles for transferring both therapeutic genes in genetic disease and drugs and genes designed to destroy tumor cells.
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Christodoulou I, Goulielmaki M, Devetzi M, Panagiotidis M, Koliakos G, Zoumpourlis V. Mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical cancer cytotherapy: a systematic review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:336. [PMID: 30526687 PMCID: PMC6286545 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) comprise a heterogeneous population of rapidly proliferating cells that can be isolated from adult (e.g., bone marrow, adipose tissue) as well as fetal (e.g., umbilical cord) tissues (termed bone marrow (BM)-, adipose tissue (AT)-, and umbilical cord (UC)-MSC, respectively) and are capable of differentiation into a wide range of non-hematopoietic cell types. An additional, unique attribute of MSC is their ability to home to tumor sites and to interact with the local supportive microenvironment which rapidly conceptualized into MSC-based experimental cancer cytotherapy at the turn of the century. Towards this purpose, both naïve (unmodified) and genetically modified MSC (GM-MSC; used as delivery vehicles for the controlled expression and release of antitumorigenic molecules) have been employed using well-established in vitro and in vivo cancer models, albeit with variable success. The first approach is hampered by contradictory findings regarding the effects of naïve MSC of different origins on tumor growth and metastasis, largely attributed to inherent biological heterogeneity of MSC as well as experimental discrepancies. In the second case, although the anti-cancer effect of GM-MSC is markedly improved over that of naïve cells, it is yet apparent that some protocols are more efficient against some types of cancer than others. Regardless, in order to maximize therapeutic consistency and efficacy, a deeper understanding of the complex interaction between MSC and the tumor microenvironment is required, as well as examination of the role of key experimental parameters in shaping the final cytotherapy outcome. This systematic review represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first thorough evaluation of the impact of experimental anti-cancer therapies based on MSC of human origin (with special focus on human BM-/AT-/UC-MSC). Importantly, we dissect the commonalities and differences as well as address the shortcomings of work accumulated over the last two decades and discuss how this information can serve as a guide map for optimal experimental design implementation ultimately aiding the effective transition into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Christodoulou
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Devetzi
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece.
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Deng R, Law AHY, Shen J, Chan GCF. Mini Review: Application of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Gene and Stem Cells Therapy Era. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-018-0147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Martin-Pena A, Porter R, Plumton G, McCarrel T, Morton A, Guijarro M, Ghivizzani S, Sharma B, Palmer G. Lentiviral-based reporter constructs for profiling chondrogenic activity in primary equine cell populations. Eur Cell Mater 2018; 36:156-170. [PMID: 30311630 PMCID: PMC6788286 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v036a12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies for cartilage repair will likely require the implementation of standardised protocols and broadly applicable tools to facilitate the comparisons among cell types and chondroinduction methods. The present study investigated the utility of recombinant lentiviral reporter vectors as reliable tools for comparing chondrogenic potential among primary cell populations and distinguishing cellular-level variations of chondrogenic activity in widely used three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Primary equine MSCs and chondrocytes were transduced with vectors containing combinations of fluorescent and luciferase reporter genes under constitutive cytomeglavirus (CMV) or chondrocyte-lineage (Col2) promoters. Reporter activity was measured by fluorescence imaging and luciferase assay. In 3D cultures of MSC aggregates and polyethylene glycol-hyaluronic acid (PEG-HA) hydrogels, transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3)-mediated chondroinduction increased Col2 reporter activity, demonstrating close correlation with histology and mRNA expression levels of COL2A1 and SOX9. Comparison of chondrogenic activities among MSC populations using a secretable luciferase reporter revealed enhanced chondrogenesis in bone-marrow-derived MSCs relative to MSC populations from synovium and adipose tissues. A dual fluorescence reporter - enabling discrimination of highly chondrogenic (Col2-GFP) cells within an MSC population (CMV-tdTomato) - revealed marked heterogeneity in differentiating aggregate cultures and identified chondrogenic cells in chondrocyte-seeded PEG-HA hydrogels after 6 weeks in a subcutaneous implant model - indicating stable, long-term reporter expression in vivo. These results suggested that lentiviral reporter vectors may be used to address fundamental questions regarding chondrogenic activity in chondroprogenitor cell populations and accelerate clinical translation of cell-based cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Martin-Pena
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - R.M. Porter
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Arkansas, Little
Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - G Plumton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - T.M. McCarrel
- College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - A.J. Morton
- College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - M.V. Guijarro
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - S.C. Ghivizzani
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - B. Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Arkansas, Little
Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - G.D. Palmer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA,Address for correspondence: Glyn Palmer, Ph.D,
Dept of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer
Rd, MSB, M2-235, Gainesville, FL 32610, Telephone: +1 352 273 7087, Fax: +1 352
273 7427,
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15
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Hamilton AM, Foster PJ, Ronald JA. Evaluating Nonintegrating Lentiviruses as Safe Vectors for Noninvasive Reporter-Based Molecular Imaging of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1213-1225. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Hamilton
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Paula J. Foster
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - John A. Ronald
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
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16
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Singh YP, Moses JC, Bhardwaj N, Mandal BB. Injectable hydrogels: a new paradigm for osteochondral tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5499-5529. [PMID: 32254962 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing focal chondral lesions and early osteoarthritis (OA), which account for progressive joint pain and disability in millions of people worldwide. Towards improving osteochondral tissue repair, injectable hydrogels have emerged as promising matrices due to their wider range of properties such as their high water content and porous framework, similarity to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), ability to encapsulate cells within the matrix and ability to provide biological cues for cellular differentiation. Further, their properties such as those that facilitate minimally invasive deployment or delivery, and their ability to repair geometrically complex irregular defects have been critical for their success. In this review, we provide an overview of innovative approaches to engineer injectable hydrogels towards improved osteochondral tissue repair. Herein, we focus on understanding the biology of osteochondral tissue and osteoarthritis along with the need for injectable hydrogels in osteochondral tissue engineering. Furthermore, we discuss in detail different biomaterials (natural and synthetic) and various advanced fabrication methods being employed for the development of injectable hydrogels in osteochondral repair. In addition, in vitro and in vivo applications of developed injectable hydrogels for osteochondral tissue engineering are also reviewed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives of using injectable hydrogels in osteochondral tissue engineering are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
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17
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Using tyrosinase as a tri-modality reporter gene to monitor transplanted stem cells in acute myocardial infarction. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-10. [PMID: 29700279 PMCID: PMC5938053 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the feasibility of noninvasive monitoring of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transduced with the tyrosinase reporter gene for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with photoacoustic imaging (PAI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) in vitro and in vivo. MSCs were transduced with a lentivirus carrying a tyrosinase reporter gene. After transduction, the rate of 18F-5-fluoro-N-(2-[diethylamino]ethyl)picolinamide (18F-5-FPN) uptake was measured. PAI and MRI of stable cell lines expressing tyrosinase (TYR-MSCs) were performed in vitro. An AMI model was induced and verified. TYR-MSCs and MSCs were injected into the margins of the infarcted areas, and PAI, MRI, and PET images were acquired 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after cell injection. Sham-operated models without injection were used as the control group. TYR-MSCs showed noticeably higher uptake of 18F-5-FPN and stronger signals in T1-weighted MRI and PAI than non-transduced MSCs. In vivo studies revealed prominent signals in the injected area of the infarcted myocardium on PAI/MRI/PET images, whereas no signal could be seen in rats injected with non-transduced MSCs or sham-operated rats. The uptake values of 18F-5-FPN in vivo showed a slight decrease over 28 days, whereas MRI and PAI signal intensity decreased dramatically. MSCs stably transduced with the tyrosinase reporter gene could be monitored in vivo in myocardial infarction models by PET, MRI, and PAI, providing a feasible and reliable method for checking the viability, location, and dwell time of transplanted stem cells. Developing stem cell treatments for heart disease could be aided by adding the gene for tyrosinase, an enzyme that can reveal the location and activity of the cells. Transplanting stem cells derived from bone marrow into injured hearts shows promise for repairing the damage caused by heart attacks. Developing the treatment is hampered by limitations of existing methods for monitoring the fate of the transplanted stem cells. Researchers in China led by Xiaoli Lan at Huazhong University of Science and Technology tackled this limitation by adding the gene for tyrosinase into the stem cells. The enzyme produces the pigment melanin which both directly and by binding to other chemicals generates signals which can be identified by photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. Tests in cultured cells and rats confirm the procedure’s potential.
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18
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Gabner S, Hlavaty J, Velde K, Renner M, Jenner F, Egerbacher M. Inflammation-induced transgene expression in genetically engineered equine mesenchymal stem cells. J Gene Med 2018; 18:154-64. [PMID: 27272202 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis, a chronic and progressive degenerative joint disorder, ranks amongst the top five causes of disability. Given the high incidence, associated socioeconomic costs and the absence of effective disease-modifying therapies of osteoarthritis, cell-based treatments offer a promising new approach. Owing to their paracrine, differentiation and self-renewal abilities, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for regenerative medicine, which might be further enhanced by targeted gene therapy. Hence, the development of systems allowing transgene expression, particularly when regulated by natural disease-dependent occuring substances, is of high interest. METHODS Bone marrow-isolated equine MSCs were stably transduced with an HIV-1 based lentiviral vector expressing the luciferase gene under control of an inducible nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-responsive promoter. Marker gene expression was analysed by determining luciferase activity in transduced cells stimulated with different concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α. RESULTS A dose-dependent increase in luciferase expression was observed in transduced MSCs upon cytokine stimulation. The induction effect was more potent in cells treated with TNFα compared to those treated with IL-1β. Maximum transgene expression was obtained after 48 h of stimulation and the same time was necessary to return to baseline luciferase expression levels after withdrawal of the stimulus. Repeated cycles of induction allowed on-off modulation of transgene expression without becoming refractory to induction. The NFκB-responsive promoter retained its inducibility also in chondrogenically differentiated MSC/Luc cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate that on demand transgene expression from the NFκB-responsive promoter using naturally occurring inflammatory cytokines can be induced in undifferentiated and chondrogenically differentiated equine MSCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gabner
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juraj Hlavaty
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Velde
- Equine University Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Renner
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Florien Jenner
- Equine University Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for more deaths globally than any other single disease. There are on average 1.5 million episodes of myocardial infarction (heart attack) each year in the United States alone with roughly one-third resulting in death. There is therefore a major need for developing new and effective strategies to promote cardiac repair. Intramyocardial transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged as a leading contender in the pursuit of clinical intervention and therapy. MSCs are potent mediators of cardiac repair and are therefore an attractive tool in the development of preclinical and clinical trials. MSCs are capable of secreting a large array of soluble factors, which have had demonstrated effects on pathogenic cardiac remolding, fibrosis, immune activation, and cardiac stem cell proliferation within the damaged heart. MSCs are also capable of differentiation into cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, although the relative contribution of trilineage differentiation and paracrine effectors on cardiac repair remains the subject of active investigation.
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20
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Varas-Godoy M, Lladser A, Farfan N, Villota C, Villegas J, Tapia JC, Burzio LO, Burzio VA, Valenzuela PDT. In vivo knockdown of antisense non-coding mitochondrial RNAs by a lentiviral-encoded shRNA inhibits melanoma tumor growth and lung colonization. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:64-72. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida; Santiago Chile
- Center for Biomedical Research; Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de los Andes; Santiago Chile
| | | | - Nicole Farfan
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida; Santiago Chile
- Andes Biotechnologies SpA; Santiago Chile
- Department of Biological Sciences; Universidad Andrés Bello; Santiago Chile
| | - Claudio Villota
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida; Santiago Chile
- Andes Biotechnologies SpA; Santiago Chile
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences; Faculty of Health; Universidad Bernardo O Higgins; Santiago Chile
| | - Jaime Villegas
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida; Santiago Chile
- Andes Biotechnologies SpA; Santiago Chile
- Department of Biological Sciences; Universidad Andrés Bello; Santiago Chile
| | - Julio C. Tapia
- Cell Transformation Laboratory; Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology; Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Luis O. Burzio
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida; Santiago Chile
- Andes Biotechnologies SpA; Santiago Chile
- Department of Biological Sciences; Universidad Andrés Bello; Santiago Chile
| | - Veronica A. Burzio
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida; Santiago Chile
- Andes Biotechnologies SpA; Santiago Chile
- Department of Biological Sciences; Universidad Andrés Bello; Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo D. T. Valenzuela
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida; Santiago Chile
- Andes Biotechnologies SpA; Santiago Chile
- Department of Biological Sciences; Universidad Andrés Bello; Santiago Chile
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21
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Lin H, Tang Y, Lozito TP, Oyster N, Kang RB, Fritch MR, Wang B, Tuan RS. Projection Stereolithographic Fabrication of BMP-2 Gene-activated Matrix for Bone Tissue Engineering. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11327. [PMID: 28900122 PMCID: PMC5595921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, sustained in vivo delivery of active bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) protein to responsive target cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), remains challenging. Ex vivo gene transfer method, while efficient, requires additional operation for cell culture and therefore, is not compatible with point-of-care treatment. In this study, two lentiviral gene constructs - (1) Lv-BMP/GFP, containing human BMP-2 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene (BMP group); or (2) Lv-GFP, containing GFP gene (GFP group) - were incorporated with human BMSCs into a solution of photocrosslinkable gelatin, which was then subjected to visible light-based projection stereolithographic printing to form a scaffold with desired architectures. Upon in vitro culture, compared to the GFP group, cells from BMP group showed >1,000-fold higher BMP-2 release, and the majority of them stained intensely for alkaline phosphatase activity. Real-time RT-PCR also showed dramatically increased expression of osteogenesis marker genes only in the BMP group. 3.5 months post-implantation into SCID mice, the micro-computed tomography imaging showed detectable mineralized areas only in the BMP group, which was restricted within the scaffolds. Alizarin red staining and immunohistochemistry of GFP and osteocalcin further indicated that the grafted hBMSCs, not host cells, contributed primarily to the newly formed bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA
| | - Thomas P Lozito
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA
| | - Nicholas Oyster
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA
| | - Robert B Kang
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA
| | - Madalyn R Fritch
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA.
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA.
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, USA.
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22
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Ouyang HW, Goh JCH, Lee EH. Viability of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Stromal Cells following Local Delivery into Patella Tendon in Rabbit Model. Cell Transplant 2017; 13:649-658. [DOI: 10.3727/000000004783983549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells are potentially useful for tendon repair and regeneration. To provide lasting benefits, the seeded cells must survive implantation at local tendon sites. Our objective was to determine the in vivo fate of allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) at different time points after implantation into patella tendon defects (i.e., at 2, 3, 5, and 8 weeks). The protocol involved the labeling of bMSCs with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) before implantation. A window defect (5 × 5 mm) was created at the central portion of rabbit patella tendon and subsequently treated with GFP- or CFDA-marked bMSCs. The marked bMSCs were loaded into the window defect with fibrin glue. Upon sacrifice of the rabbits at the different time points, the implant site of the patellar tendon was immediately retrieved and the viability of the labeled cells was assessed under confocal microscopy. The results showed that the seeded bMSCs remained viable within the tendon wound site for at least 8 weeks after implantation. The cell morphology was changed from a round shape at 2 weeks to a spindle shape at 5 weeks after implantation. This study demonstrated that the bMSCs remained viable for prolonged periods after implantation and therefore have the potential to influence the formation and remodeling of neotendon tissue after tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
| | - James C. H. Goh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
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23
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Khan M, Adil SER, Olson AL. The role of mesenchymal stem cells in oncology and regenerative medicine. Future Oncol 2017; 13:821-831. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have long been used as therapeutic agents in disease affecting various organ systems. However, MSCs are fast emerging as promising anticancer agents which have the potential to treat a number of different cancer types, including glioblastoma and metastatic breast, ovarian and hepatic carcinoma. The ability of MSC to migrate directly into the tumor microenvironment and to produce IFN-α and -β makes this possible. However, the possibility of MSC undergoing either malignant transformation or transformation into protumorigenic fibroblasts currently limits their role in clinical use. It is hoped that future research can overcome these limitations and facilitate the use of MSC clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Khan
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Amanda L Olson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Abstract
Safe, effective approaches for bone regeneration are needed to reverse bone loss caused by trauma, disease, and tumor resection. Unfortunately, the science of bone regeneration is still in its infancy, with all current or emerging therapies having serious limitations. Unlike current regenerative therapies that use single regenerative factors, the natural processes of bone formation and repair require the coordinated expression of many molecules, including growth factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, and specific transcription factors. As will be developed in this article, future advances in bone regeneration will likely incorporate therapies that mimic critical aspects of these natural biological processes, using the tools of gene therapy and tissue engineering. This review will summarize current knowledge related to normal bone development and fracture repair, and will describe how gene therapy, in combination with tissue engineering, may mimic critical aspects of these natural processes. Current gene therapy approaches for bone regeneration will then be summarized, including recent work where combinatorial gene therapy was used to express groups of molecules that synergistically interacted to stimulate bone regeneration. Last, proposed future directions for this field will be discussed, where regulated gene expression systems will be combined with cells seeded in precise three-dimensional configurations on synthetic scaffolds to control both temporal and spatial distribution of regenerative factors. It is the premise of this article that such approaches will eventually allow us to achieve the ultimate goal of bone tissue engineering: to reconstruct entire bones with associated joints, ligaments, or sutures. Abbreviations used: BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; AER, apical ectodermal ridge; ZPA, zone of polarizing activity; PZ, progress zone; SHH, sonic hedgehog; OSX, osterix transcription factor; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; PMN, polymorphonuclear neutrophil; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; TGF-β, tumor-derived growth factor β; CAR, coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor; MLV, murine leukemia virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; AAV, adeno-associated virus; CAT, computer-aided tomography; CMV, cytomegalovirus; GAM, gene-activated matrix; MSC, marrow stromal cell; MDSC, muscle-derived stem cell; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Franceschi
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
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25
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Diehl WE, Lin AE, Grubaugh ND, Carvalho LM, Kim K, Kyawe PP, McCauley SM, Donnard E, Kucukural A, McDonel P, Schaffner SF, Garber M, Rambaut A, Andersen KG, Sabeti PC, Luban J. Ebola Virus Glycoprotein with Increased Infectivity Dominated the 2013-2016 Epidemic. Cell 2016; 167:1088-1098.e6. [PMID: 27814506 PMCID: PMC5115602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude of the 2013-2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic enabled an unprecedented number of viral mutations to occur over successive human-to-human transmission events, increasing the probability that adaptation to the human host occurred during the outbreak. We investigated one nonsynonymous mutation, Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) mutant A82V, for its effect on viral infectivity. This mutation, located at the NPC1-binding site on EBOV GP, occurred early in the 2013-2016 outbreak and rose to high frequency. We found that GP-A82V had heightened ability to infect primate cells, including human dendritic cells. The increased infectivity was restricted to cells that have primate-specific NPC1 sequences at the EBOV interface, suggesting that this mutation was indeed an adaptation to the human host. GP-A82V was associated with increased mortality, consistent with the hypothesis that the heightened intrinsic infectivity of GP-A82V contributed to disease severity during the EVD epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Diehl
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Aaron E Lin
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Luiz Max Carvalho
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland, UK
| | - Kyusik Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Pyae Phyo Kyawe
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sean M McCauley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Elisa Donnard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Patrick McDonel
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Stephen F Schaffner
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Manuel Garber
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Andrew Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, Scotland, UK
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Scripps Translational Science Institute, 3344 North Torrey Pines Court, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Jeremy Luban
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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26
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Quaranta P, Focosi D, Freer G, Pistello M. Tweaking Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cell Immunomodulatory Properties with Viral Vectors Delivering Cytokines. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1321-41. [PMID: 27476883 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can be found in various body sites. Their main role is to differentiate into cartilage, bone, muscle, and fat cells to allow tissue maintenance and repair. During inflammation, MSCs exhibit important immunomodulatory properties that are not constitutive, but require activation, upon which they may exert immunosuppressive functions. MSCs are defined as "sensors of inflammation" since they modulate their ability of interfering with the immune system both in vitro and in vivo upon interaction with different factors. MSCs may influence immune responses through different mechanisms, such as direct cell-to-cell contact, release of soluble factors, and through the induction of anergy and apoptosis. Human MSCs are defined as plastic-adherent cells expressing specific surface molecules. Lack of MHC class II antigens makes them appealing as allogeneic tools for the therapy of both autoimmune diseases and cancer. MSC therapeutic potential could be highly enhanced by the expression of exogenous cytokines provided by transduction with viral vectors. In this review, we attempt to summarize the results of a great number of in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at improving the ability of MSCs as immunomodulators in the therapy of autoimmune, degenerative diseases and cancer. We will also compare results obtained with different vectors to deliver heterologous genes to these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quaranta
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Focosi
- 2 North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
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27
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Sweeney NP, Regan C, Liu J, Galleu A, Dazzi F, Lindemann D, Rupar CA, McClure MO. Rapid and Efficient Stable Gene Transfer to Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Using a Modified Foamy Virus Vector. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1227-36. [PMID: 27133965 PMCID: PMC4982542 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine. Stable ex vivo gene transfer to MSCs could improve the outcome and scope of MSC therapy, but current vectors require multiple rounds of transduction, involve genotoxic viral promoters and/or the addition of cytotoxic cationic polymers in order to achieve efficient transduction. We describe a self-inactivating foamy virus vector (FVV), incorporating the simian macaque foamy virus envelope and using physiological promoters, which efficiently transduces murine MSCs (mMSCs) in a single-round. High and sustained expression of the transgene, whether GFP or the lysosomal enzyme, arylsulphatase A (ARSA), was achieved. Defining MSC characteristics (surface marker expression and differentiation potential), as well as long-term engraftment and distribution in the murine brain following intracerebroventricular delivery, are unaffected by FVV transduction. Similarly, greater than 95% of human MSCs (hMSCs) were stably transduced using the same vector, facilitating human application. This work describes the best stable gene transfer vector available for mMSCs and hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Paul Sweeney
- Jefferiss Research Trust laboratories, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cathy Regan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Pediatrics, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Pediatrics, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antonio Galleu
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dirk Lindemann
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Charles Anthony Rupar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Pediatrics, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myra Olga McClure
- Jefferiss Research Trust laboratories, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Light-activated RNA interference in human embryonic stem cells. Biomaterials 2015; 63:70-9. [PMID: 26086448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe a near infrared (NIR) light-activated gene silencing method in undifferentiated human embryonic stem cell (hESC) using a plasmonic hollow gold nanoshell (HGN) as the siRNA carrier. Our modular biotin-streptavidin coupling strategy enables positively charged TAT-peptide to coat oligonucleotides-saturated nanoparticles as a stable colloid formation. TAT-peptide coated nanoparticles with dense siRNA loading show efficient penetration into a wide variety of hESC cell lines. The siRNA is freed from the nanoparticles and delivered to the cytosol by femtosecond pulses of NIR light with potentially exquisite spatial and temporal control. The effectiveness of this approach is shown by targeting GFP and Oct4 genes in undifferentiated hESC (H9). The accelerated expression of differentiation markers for all three germ layers resulting from Oct4 knockdown confirms that this method has no detectable adverse effects that limit the range of differentiation. This biocompatible and NIR laser-activated patterning method makes possible single cell resolution of siRNA delivery for diverse studies in stem cell biology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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29
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Smurthwaite CA, Williams W, Fetsko A, Abbadessa D, Stolp ZD, Reed CW, Dharmawan A, Wolkowicz R. Genetic barcoding with fluorescent proteins for multiplexed applications. J Vis Exp 2015:52452. [PMID: 25938804 PMCID: PMC4541556 DOI: 10.3791/52452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins, fluorescent dyes and fluorophores in general have revolutionized the field of molecular cell biology. In particular, the discovery of fluorescent proteins and their genes have enabled the engineering of protein fusions for localization, the analysis of transcriptional activation and translation of proteins of interest, or the general tracking of individual cells and cell populations. The use of fluorescent protein genes in combination with retroviral technology has further allowed the expression of these proteins in mammalian cells in a stable and reliable manner. Shown here is how one can utilize these genes to give cells within a population of cells their own biosignature. As the biosignature is achieved with retroviral technology, cells are barcoded 'indefinitely'. As such, they can be individually tracked within a mixture of barcoded cells and utilized in more complex biological applications. The tracking of distinct populations in a mixture of cells is ideal for multiplexed applications such as discovery of drugs against a multitude of targets or the activation profile of different promoters. The protocol describes how to elegantly develop and amplify barcoded mammalian cells with distinct genetic fluorescent markers, and how to use several markers at once or one marker at different intensities. Finally, the protocol describes how the cells can be further utilized in combination with cell-based assays to increase the power of analysis through multiplexing.
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Jackson M, Derrick Roberts A, Martin E, Rout-Pitt N, Gronthos S, Byers S. Mucopolysaccharidosis enzyme production by bone marrow and dental pulp derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:584-93. [PMID: 25748347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are inherited metabolic disorders that arise from a complete loss or a reduction in one of eleven specific lysosomal enzymes. MPS children display pathology in multiple cell types leading to tissue and organ failure and early death. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to many of the cell types affected in MPS, including those that are refractory to current treatment protocols such as hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) based therapy. In this study we compared multiple MPS enzyme production by bone marrow derived (hBM) and dental pulp derived (hDP) MSCs to enzyme production by HSCs. hBM MSCs produce significantly higher levels of MPS I, II, IIIA, IVA, VI and VII enzyme than HSCs, while hDP MSCs produce significantly higher levels of MPS I, IIIA, IVA, VI and VII enzymes. Higher transfection efficiency was observed in MSCs (89%) compared to HSCs (23%) using a lentiviral vector. Over-expression of four different lysosomal enzymes resulted in up to 9303-fold and up to 5559-fold greater levels in MSC cell layer and media respectively. Stable, persistent transduction of MSCs and sustained over-expression of MPS VII enzyme was observed in vitro. Transduction of MSCs did not affect the ability of the cells to differentiate down osteogenic, adipogenic or chondrogenic lineages, but did partially delay differentiation down the non-mesodermal neurogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Jackson
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ainslie Derrick Roberts
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ellenore Martin
- Department of Genetics, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nathan Rout-Pitt
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharon Byers
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Department of Genetics, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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31
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Porada CD, Rodman C, Ignacio G, Atala A, Almeida-Porada G. Hemophilia A: an ideal disease to correct in utero. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:276. [PMID: 25566073 PMCID: PMC4263089 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemophilia A (HA) is the most frequent inheritable defect of the coagulation proteins. The current standard of care for patients with HA is prophylactic factor infusion, which is comprised of regular (2-3 times per week) intravenous infusions of recombinant or plasma-derived FVIII to maintain hemostasis. While this treatment has greatly increased the quality of life and lengthened the life expectancy for many HA patients, its high cost, the need for lifelong infusions, and the fact that it is unavailable to roughly 75% of the world's HA patients make this type of treatment far from ideal. In addition, this lifesaving therapy suffers from a high risk of treatment failure due to immune response to the infused FVIII. There is thus a need for novel treatments, such as those using stem cells and/or gene therapy, which have the potential to mediate long-term correction or permanent cure following a single intervention. In the present review, we discuss the clinical feasibility and unique advantages that an in utero approach to treating HA could offer, placing special emphasis on a new sheep model of HA we have developed and on the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) as cellular vehicles for delivering the FVIII gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, USA
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Dodd M, Marquez-Curtis L, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Hortelano G. Sustained expression of coagulation factor IX by modified cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. J Gene Med 2014; 16:131-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Dodd
- School of Biomedical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Jimma Institute of Technology; Jimma Ethiopia
| | - Leah Marquez-Curtis
- Centre for Innovation (formerly Research and Development); Canadian Blood Services; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Anna Janowska-Wieczorek
- Centre for Innovation (formerly Research and Development); Canadian Blood Services; Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Gonzalo Hortelano
- School of Biomedical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Biology & Chemistry, School of Science and Technology; Nazarbayev University; Astana Republic of Kazakhstan
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Cao B, Yang M, Zhu Y, Qu X, Mao C. Stem cells loaded with nanoparticles as a drug carrier for in vivo breast cancer therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4627-31. [PMID: 24890678 PMCID: PMC4292873 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel anti-cancer drug carrier, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encapsulating drug-loaded hollow silica nanoparticles, is used to carry a photosensitizer drug and deliver it to breast tumors, due to the natural high tumor affinity of the MSCs, and inhibit tumor growth by photo dynamic therapy. This new strategy for delivering a photo sensitizer to tumors by using tumor-affinitive MSCs addresses the challenge of the accumulation of photosensitizer drugs in tumors in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binrui Cao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019–5251, USA
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019–5251, USA
| | - Xuewei Qu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019–5251, USA
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK 73019–5251, USA
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High levels of SOX5 decrease proliferative capacity of human B cells, but permit plasmablast differentiation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100328. [PMID: 24945754 PMCID: PMC4063782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently very little is known about the differential expression and function of the transcription factor SOX5 during B cell maturation. We identified two new splice variants of SOX5 in human B cells, encoding the known L-SOX5B isoform and a new shorter isoform L-SOX5F. The SOX5 transcripts are highly expressed during late stages of B-cell differentiation, including atypical memory B cells, activated CD21low B cells and germinal center B cells of tonsils. In tonsillar sections SOX5 expression was predominantly polarized to centrocytes within the light zone. After in vitro stimulation, SOX5 expression was down-regulated during proliferation while high expression levels were permissible for plasmablast differentiation. Overexpression of L-SOX5F in human primary B lymphocytes resulted in reduced proliferation, less survival of CD138neg B cells, but comparable numbers of CD138+CD38hi plasmablasts compared to control cells. Thus, our findings describe for the first time a functional role of SOX5 during late B cell development reducing the proliferative capacity and thus potentially affecting the differentiation of B cells during the germinal center response.
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Han SH, Jang G, Bae BK, Han SM, Koh YR, Ahn JO, Jung WS, Kang SK, Ra JC, Lee HW, Youn HY. Effect of ectopic OCT4 expression on canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1163-73. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Han
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Jang
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Myoung Han
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Rin Koh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ok Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Jung
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Keun Kang
- Stem Cell Research Center; K-STEMCELL Co., Ltd; Seoul 153-768 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chan Ra
- Stem Cell Research Center; K-STEMCELL Co., Ltd; Seoul 153-768 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Woo Lee
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea
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Zhou YF, Yang XJ, Li HX, Han LH, Jiang WP. Genetically-engineered mesenchymal stem cells transfected with human HCN1 gene to create cardiac pacemaker cells. J Int Med Res 2014; 41:1570-6. [PMID: 24097828 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513501123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the proof-of-principle that genetically-engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transfected with the human hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 (hHCN1) gene can be modified to become cardiac pacemaker cells. METHODS MSCs were transfected with the hHCN1 gene using lentiviral-based transfection. The expressed pacemaker current (I(f)) in hHCN1-transfected MSCs was recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp analysis. The effect of the hHCN1-transfected MSCs on cardiomyocyte excitability was determined by coculturing the MSCs with neonatal rabbit ventricular myocytes (NRVM). The spontaneous action potentials of the NRVM were recorded by whole-cell current-clamp analysis. RESULTS A high level time- and voltage-dependent inward hyperpolarization current that was inhibited by 4 mM caesium chloride was detected in hHCN1-transfected MSCs, suggesting that the HCN1 proteins acted as I(f) channels in MSCs. The mean ± SE beating frequency in NRVMs cocultured with control MSCs transfected with the pcDNA3 plasmid control was 82 ± 8 beats/min (n = 5) compared with 129 ± 11 beats/min (n = 5) in NRVMs cocultured with hHCN1-transfected MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Genetically-engineered MSCs transfected with the hHCN1 gene can be modified to become cardiac pacemaker cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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37
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Gong Y, Qian Y, Yang F, Wang H, Yu Y. Lentiviral-mediated expression of SATB2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Oral Sci 2014; 122:190-7. [PMID: 24666017 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Gong
- Department of Stomatology; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Stomatology; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Youcheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai China
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Hayden RS, Fortin JP, Harwood B, Subramanian B, Quinn KP, Georgakoudi I, Kopin AS, Kaplan DL. Cell-tethered ligands modulate bone remodeling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2014; 24:472-479. [PMID: 25419210 PMCID: PMC4235974 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201302210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The goals of the present study are to establish an in vitro co-culture model of osteoblast and osteoclast function and to quantify the resulting bone remodeling. The bone is tissue engineered using well-defined silk protein biomaterials in 2D and 3D formats in combination with human cells expressing tethered agonists for selected G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The tethered constructs are introduced with the objective of triggering sustained and localized GPCR signaling. The cell-modified biomaterial surfaces are reconstructed from SEM images into 3D models using image processing for quantitative measurement of surface characteristics. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are selected because of their roles in bone remodeling for expression in tethered format on bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Increased calcium deposition and increased surface roughness are found in 3D digital surface models constructed from SEM images of silk protein films remodeled by the co-cultures containing the tethered PTH, and decreased surface roughness is found for the films remodeled by the tethered GIP co-cultures. Increased surface roughness is not found in monocultures of hMSCs expressing tethered PTH, suggesting that osteoclast-osteoblast interactions in the presence of PTH signaling are responsible for the increased mineralization. These data point towards the design of in vitro bone models in which osteoblast-osteoclast interactions are mimicked for a better understanding of bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan S. Kopin
- 800 Washington Street, Box 7703, Boston, MA 02111 (USA)
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Rahmati S, Alijani N, Kadivar M. In vitro generation of glucose-responsive insulin producing cells using lentiviral based pdx-1 gene transduction of mouse (C57BL/6) mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:413-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Shah B, Yin PT, Lee KB. Multimodal magnetic core-shell nanoparticles for effective stem-cell differentiation and imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6190-5. [PMID: 23650180 PMCID: PMC3746073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birju Shah
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Perry T. Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854 (USA)
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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McCarthy KR, Schmidt AG, Kirmaier A, Wyand AL, Newman RM, Johnson WE. Gain-of-sensitivity mutations in a Trim5-resistant primary isolate of pathogenic SIV identify two independent conserved determinants of Trim5α specificity. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003352. [PMID: 23675300 PMCID: PMC3649984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral capsid recognition by Trim5 blocks productive infection. Rhesus macaques harbor three functionally distinct Trim5 alleles: Trim5αQ, Trim5αTFP and Trim5CypA. Despite the high degree of amino acid identity between Trim5αQ and Trim5αTFP alleles, the Q/TFP polymorphism results in the differential restriction of some primate lentiviruses, suggesting these alleles differ in how they engage these capsids. Simian immunodeficiency virus of rhesus macaques (SIVmac) evolved to resist all three alleles. Thus, SIVmac provides a unique opportunity to study a virus in the context of the Trim5 repertoire that drove its evolution in vivo. We exploited the evolved rhesus Trim5α resistance of this capsid to identify gain-of-sensitivity mutations that distinguish targets between the Trim5αQ and Trim5αTFP alleles. While both alleles recognize the capsid surface, Trim5αQ and Trim5αTFP alleles differed in their ability to restrict a panel of capsid chimeras and single amino acid substitutions. When mapped onto the structure of the SIVmac239 capsid N-terminal domain, single amino acid substitutions affecting both alleles mapped to the β-hairpin. Given that none of the substitutions affected Trim5αQ alone, and the fact that the β-hairpin is conserved among retroviral capsids, we propose that the β-hairpin is a molecular pattern widely exploited by Trim5α proteins. Mutations specifically affecting rhesus Trim5αTFP (without affecting Trim5αQ) surround a site of conservation unique to primate lentiviruses, overlapping the CPSF6 binding site. We believe targeting this site is an evolutionary innovation driven specifically by the emergence of primate lentiviruses in Africa during the last 12 million years. This modularity in targeting may be a general feature of Trim5 evolution, permitting different regions of the PRYSPRY domain to evolve independent interactions with capsid. TRIM5α is an intrinsic immunity protein that blocks retrovirus infection through a specific interaction with the viral capsid. Uniquely among primates, rhesus macaques harbor three functionally distinct kinds of Trim5 alleles: rhTrim5αTFP, rhTrim5αQ and rhTrim5CypA. SIVmac239, a simian immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS in rhesus macaques, is resistant to all three, whereas its relative, the human AIDS virus HIV-1, is inhibited by rhTrim5αTFP and rhTrim5αQ alleles. We exploited this difference between these two retroviruses to figure out how Trim5α proteins recognize viral capsids. By combining mutagenesis, structural biology and evolutionary data we determined that both rhTrim5αTFP and rhTrim5αQ recognize a conserved structure common to all retroviral capsids. However, we also found evidence suggesting that rhTrim5αTFP evolved to recognize an additional target that is specifically conserved among primate immunodeficiency viruses. Molecular evolutionary analysis indicates that this expanded function appeared in a common ancestor of modern African monkeys sometime between 9–12 million years ago, and that it thereafter continued to be modified by strong evolutionary pressure. Our results provide insight into the evolutionary flexibility of Trim5α-capsid interactions, and support the notion that viruses related to modern HIV and SIV have been present in Africa for millions of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. McCarthy
- Harvard Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aaron G. Schmidt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrea Kirmaier
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Allison L. Wyand
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ruchi M. Newman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Welkin E. Johnson
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shah B, Yin PT, Ghoshal S, Lee KB. Multimodal Magnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Effective Stem-Cell Differentiation and Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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43
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Porada CD, Almeida-Porada G. Treatment of Hemophilia A in Utero and Postnatally using Sheep as a Model for Cell and Gene Delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; S1. [PMID: 23264887 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.s1-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemophilia A represents the most common inheritable deficiency of the coagulation proteins. Current state-of- the-art treatment consists of frequent prophylactic infusions of plasma-derived or recombinant FVIII protein to maintain hemostasis, and has greatly increased life expectancy and quality of life for many hemophilia A patients. This treatment approach is, however, far from ideal, due to the need for lifelong intravenous infusions, the high treatment cost, and the fact that it is unavailable to a large percentage of the world's hemophiliacs. There is thus a need for novel treatments that can promise long-term or permanent correction. In contrast to existing protein based therapeutics, gene therapy offers to provide a permanent cure following few, or even a single, treatment. In the present paper, we review ongoing work towards this end, focusing on studies we have performed in a large animal model. Some of the key topics covered in this review include the unique opportunities sheep offer as a model system, the re-establishment and clinical and molecular characterization of a line of sheep with severe hemophilia A, the advantages and feasibility of treating a disease like hemophilia A in utero, and the use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) as cellular delivery vehicles for the FVIII gene. The review finishes with a brief discussion of our recent success correcting ovine hemophilia A with a postnatal transplant with gene-modified MSC, and the limitations of this approach that remain to be overcome.
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Kumar M, Singh R, Kumar K, Agarwal P, Mahapatra PS, Saxena AK, Kumar A, Bhanja SK, Malakar D, Singh R, Das BC, Bag S. Plasmid vector based generation of transgenic mesenchymal stem cells with stable expression of reporter gene in caprine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/scd.2013.34028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Song L, Xu J, Qu J, Sai Y, Chen C, Yu L, Li D, Guo X. A therapeutic role for mesenchymal stem cells in acute lung injury independent of hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:376-85. [PMID: 21477220 PMCID: PMC3823300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have therapeutic potential in acute lung injury (ALI). Hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor (HIMF) is a lung-specific growth factor that participates in a variety of lung diseases. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic role of BM-MSC transplantation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced ALI and assessed the importance of HIMF in MSC transplantation. MSCs were isolated and identified, and untransduced MSCs, MSCs transduced with null vector or MSCs transduced with a vector encoding HIMF were transplanted into mice with LPS-induced ALI. Histopathological changes, cytokine expression and indices of lung inflammation and lung injury were assessed in the various experimental groups. Lentiviral transduction did not influence the biological features of MSCs. In addition, transplantation of BM-MSCs alone had significant therapeutic effects on LPS-induced ALI, although BM-MSCs expressing HIMF failed to improve the histopathological changes observed with lung injury. Unexpectedly, tumour necrosis factor α levels in lung tissues, lung oedema and leucocyte infiltration into lungs were even higher after the transplantation of MSCs expressing HIMF, followed by a significant increase in lung hydroxyproline content and α-smooth muscle actin expression on day 14, as compared to treatment with untransduced MSCs. BM-MSC transplantation improved LPS-induced lung injury independent of HIMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jun C, Zhihui Z, Lu W, Yaoming N, Lei W, Yao Q, Zhiyuan S. Canine bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells with lentiviral mHCN4 gene transfer create cardiac pacemakers. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:529-39. [DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.654490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Payne NL, Dantanarayana A, Sun G, Moussa L, Caine S, McDonald C, Herszfeld D, Bernard CC, Siatskas C. Early intervention with gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing interleukin-4 enhances anti-inflammatory responses and functional recovery in experimental autoimmune demyelination. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 6:179-89. [PMID: 22568986 PMCID: PMC3427232 DOI: 10.4161/cam.20341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can be isolated from most adult tissues and hold considerable promise for tissue regenerative therapies. Some of the potential advantages that MSCs have over other adult stem cell types include: (1) their relative ease of isolation, culture and expansion; (2) their immunomodulatory properties; (3) they can provide trophic support to injured tissues; (4) they can be transduced by retroviral vectors at a high efficiency; (5) they have an ability to home to sites of inflammation and injury. Collectively these characteristics suggest that MSCs are attractive vehicles for cell and gene therapy applications. In the current study, we investigated whether transplantation of human adipose-derived MSCs (Ad-MSCs) engineered to overexpress the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 was efficacious in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Ad-MSCs transduced with a bicistronic lentiviral vector encoding mouse IL-4 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (Ad-IL4-MSCs) stably expressed, relatively high levels of both transgenes. Importantly the phenotypic and functional attributes of Ad-IL4-MSCs, such as the expression of homing molecules and differentiation capacity, was not altered by the transduction process. Notably, the early administration of Ad-IL4-MSCs in mice with EAE at the time of T-cell priming attenuated clinical disease. This protective effect was associated with a reduction in peripheral MOG-specific T-cell responses and a shift from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory cytokine response. These data suggest that the delivery of Ad-MSCs genetically engineered to express anti-inflammatory cytokines may provide a rational approach to promote immunomodulation and tissue protection in a number of inflammatory and degenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Payne
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Ashanti Dantanarayana
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Leon Moussa
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Sally Caine
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Courtney McDonald
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Daniella Herszfeld
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Claude C.A. Bernard
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher Siatskas
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories; Monash University; Clayton, VIC Australia
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Grinev VV, Seviaryn IN, Posrednik DV, Kosmacheva SM, Potapnev MP. Highly efficient transfer and stable expression of two genes upon lentivirus transduction of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Prototype foamy virus gag nuclear localization: a novel pathway among retroviruses. J Virol 2011; 85:9276-85. [PMID: 21715475 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00663-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gag nuclear localization has long been recognized as a hallmark of foamy virus (FV) infection. Two required motifs, a chromatin-binding site (CBS) and a nuclear localization signal (NLS), both located in glycine-arginine-rich box II (GRII), have been described. However, the underlying mechanisms of Gag nuclear translocation are largely unknown. We analyzed prototype FV (PFV) Gag nuclear localization using a novel live-cell fluorescence microscopy assay. Furthermore, we characterized the nuclear localization route of Gag mutants tagged with the simian vacuolating virus 40-NLS (SV40-NLS) and also dissected the respective contributions of the CBS and the NLS. We found that PFV Gag does not translocate to the nucleus of interphase cells by NLS-mediated nuclear import and does not possess a functional NLS. PFV Gag nuclear localization occurred only by tethering to chromatin during mitosis. This mechanism was found for endogenously expressed Gag as well as for Gag delivered by infecting viral particles. Thereby, the CBS was absolutely essential, while the NLS was dispensable. Gag CBS-dependent nuclear localization was neither essential for infectivity nor necessary for Pol encapsidation. Interestingly, Gag localization was independent of the presence of Pol, Env, and viral RNA. The addition of a heterologous SV40-NLS resulted in the nuclear import of PFV Gag in interphase cells, rescued the nuclear localization deficiency but not the infectivity defect of a PFV Gag ΔGRII mutant, and did not enhance FV's ability to infect G(1)/S-phase-arrested cells. Thus, PFV Gag nuclear localization follows a novel pathway among orthoretroviral Gag proteins.
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Lin SL, Chang FC, Schrimpf C, Chen YT, Wu CF, Wu VC, Chiang WC, Kuhnert F, Kuo CJ, Chen YM, Wu KD, Tsai TJ, Duffield JS. Targeting endothelium-pericyte cross talk by inhibiting VEGF receptor signaling attenuates kidney microvascular rarefaction and fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:911-23. [PMID: 21281822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular pericytes and perivascular fibroblasts have recently been identified as the source of scar-producing myofibroblasts that appear after injury of the kidney. We show that cross talk between pericytes and endothelial cells concomitantly dictates development of fibrosis and loss of microvasculature after injury. When either platelet-derived growth factor receptor (R)-β signaling in pericytes or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)R2 signaling in endothelial cells was blocked by circulating soluble receptor ectodomains, both fibrosis and capillary rarefaction were markedly attenuated during progressive kidney injury. Blockade of either receptor-mediated signaling pathway prevented pericyte differentiation and proliferation, but VEGFR2 blockade also attenuated recruitment of inflammatory macrophages throughout disease progression. Whereas injury down-regulated angiogenic VEGF164, the dys-angiogenic isomers VEGF120 and VEGF188 were up-regulated, suggesting that pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation triggers endothelial loss by a switch in secretion of VEGF isomers. These findings link fibrogenesis inextricably with microvascular rarefaction for the first time, add new significance to fibrogenesis, and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuei-Liong Lin
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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