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Ji Y, Ren J, Qian Y, Li J, Liu H, Yao Y, Sun J, Khanna R, Sun L. Aβ25-35-induced autophagy and apoptosis are prevented by the CRMP2-derived peptide ST2-104 (R9-CBD3) via a CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR signaling hub. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309794. [PMID: 39325788 PMCID: PMC11426444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the peptide ST2-104 (CBD3, for Ca2+ channel-binding domain 3), derived from the collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2)-a cytosolic phosphoprotein, protects neuroblastoma cells against β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide-mediated toxicity through engagement of a phosphorylated CRMP2/NMDAR pathway. Abnormal aggregation of Aβ peptides (e.g., Aβ25-35) leads to programmed cell death (apoptosis) as well autophagy-both of which contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Here, we asked if ST2-104 affects apoptosis and autophagy in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma challenged with the toxic Aβ25-35 peptide and subsequently mapped the downstream signaling pathways involved. ST2-104 protected SH-SY5Y cells from death following Aβ25-35 peptide challenge by reducing apoptosis and autophagy as well as limiting excessive calcium entry. Cytotoxicity of SHY-SY5Y cells challenged with Aβ25-35 peptide was blunted by ST2-104. The autophagy activator Rapamycin blunted the anti-apoptotic activity of ST2-104. ST2-104 reversed Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis via inhibiting Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)-mediated autophagy, which was partly enhanced by STO-609 (an inhibitor of CaMKKβ). ST2-104 attenuated neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy through a CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR signaling hub. These findings identify a mechanism whereby, in the face of Aβ25-35, the concerted actions of ST2-104 leads to a reduction in intracellular calcium overload and inhibition of the CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR pathway resulting in attenuation of autophagy and cellular apoptosis. These findings define a mechanistic framework for how ST2-104 transduces "outside" (calcium channels) to "inside" signaling (CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR) to confer neuroprotection in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jinghong Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Huanyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Sun
- Department of Physiology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Pain and Addiction Therapeutics (PATH) Collaboratory, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, PR China
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2
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Xing Y, Xie SY, Deng W, Tang QZ. Cardiolipin in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury: From molecular mechanisms to clinical strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116936. [PMID: 38878685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial reperfusion injury occurs when blood flow is restored after ischemia, an essential process to salvage ischemic tissue. However, this phenomenon is intricate, characterized by various harmful effects. Tissue damage in ischemia-reperfusion injury arises from various factors, including the production of reactive oxygen species, the sequestration of proinflammatory immune cells in ischemic tissues, the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the occurrence of postischemic capillary no-reflow. Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) plays a crucial role in the eicosanoid pathway by releasing free arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids' sn-2 position. This liberated arachidonic acid serves as a substrate for various eicosanoid biosynthetic enzymes, including cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochromes P450, ultimately resulting in inflammation and an elevated risk of reperfusion injury. Therefore, the activation of sPLA2 directly correlates with the heightened and accelerated damage observed in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Presently, clinical trials are in progress for medications aimed at sPLA2, presenting promising avenues for intervention. Cardiolipin (CL) plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial function, and its alteration is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction observed in MIRI. This paper provides a critical analysis of CL modifications concerning mitochondrial dysfunction in MIRI, along with its associated molecular mechanisms. Additionally, it delves into various pharmacological approaches to prevent or alleviate MIRI, whether by directly targeting mitochondrial CL or through indirect means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Sai-Yang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
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3
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Chen Y, Zhang M, Yang C, Gao M, Yan Y, Deng C, Sun N. Designed Directional Growth of Ti-Metal-Organic Frameworks for Decoding Alzheimer's Disease-Specific Exosome Metabolites. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2727-2736. [PMID: 38300748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, a growing focus for liquid biopsies, contain diverse molecular cargos. In particular, exosome metabolites with valuable information have exhibited great potential for improving the efficiency of liquid biopsies for addressing complex medical conditions. In this work, we design the directional growth of Ti-metal-organic frameworks on polar-functionalized magnetic particles. This design facilitates the rapid synergistic capture of exosomes with the assistance of an external magnetic field and additionally synergistically enhances the ionization of their metabolites during mass spectrometry detection. Benefiting from this dual synergistic effect, we identified three high-performance exosome metabolites through the differential comparison of a large number of serum samples from individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal cognition. Notably, the accuracy of AD identification ranges from 93.18 to 100% using a single exosome metabolite and reaches a flawless 100% with three metabolites. These findings emphasize the transformative potential of this work to enhance the precision and reliability of AD diagnosis, ushering in a new era of improved diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingxia Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yinghua Yan
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Nianrong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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4
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Khezri MR, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. The Role of Caspases in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathophysiology Implications and Pharmacologic Modulation. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:71-90. [PMID: 36442198 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Although the main cause of the onset and development of AD is not known yet, neuronal death due to pathologic changes such as amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and calcium dyshomeostasis are considered to be the main cause. At the present, there is no cure for this insidious disorder. However, accurate identification of molecular changes in AD can help provide new therapeutic goals. Caspases are a group of proteases which are known because of their role in cellular apoptosis. In addition, different caspases are involved in other cellular responses to the environment, such as induction of inflammation. Emerging evidence suggest that these proteases play a central role in AD pathophysiology due to their role in the processing of amyloid-β protein precursor, tau cleavage, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, it seems that targeting caspases may be a suitable therapeutic option to slow the progression of AD. This review focuses on the role of caspases in AD pathophysiology and introduce results from studies targeted caspases in different models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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5
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Costa VM, Capela JP, Bastos ML, Remião F, Varner KJ, Duarte JA, Carvalho F. Study of the potential toxicity of adrenaline to neurons, using the SH-SY5Y human cellular model. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2023; 59. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902023e20467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - João Paulo Capela
- University of Porto, Portugal; Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Portugal
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6
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Oghifobibi OA, Toader AE, Nicholas MA, Nelson BP, Alindogan NG, Wolf MS, Kline AE, Nouraie SM, Bondi CO, Iordanova B, Clark RS, Bayır H, Loughran PA, Watkins SC, St Croix CM, Kochanek PM, Vazquez AL, Manole MD. Resuscitation with epinephrine worsens cerebral capillary no-reflow after experimental pediatric cardiac arrest: An in vivo multiphoton microscopy evaluation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:2255-2269. [PMID: 35854408 PMCID: PMC9670003 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epinephrine is the principal resuscitation therapy for pediatric cardiac arrest (CA). Clinical data suggest that although epinephrine increases the rate of resuscitation, it fails to improve neurological outcome, possibly secondary to reductions in microvascular flow. We characterized the effect of epinephrine vs. placebo administered at resuscitation from pediatric asphyxial CA on microvascular and macrovascular cortical perfusion assessed using in vivo multiphoton microscopy and laser speckle flowmetry, respectively, and on brain tissue oxygenation (PbO2), behavioral outcomes, and neuropathology in 16-18-day-old rats. Epinephrine-treated rats had a more rapid return of spontaneous circulation and brisk immediate cortical reperfusion during 1-3 min post-CA vs. placebo. However, at the microvascular level, epinephrine-treated rats had penetrating arteriole constriction and increases in both capillary stalling (no-reflow) and cortical capillary transit time 30-60 min post-CA vs. placebo. Placebo-treated rats had increased capillary diameters post-CA. The cortex was hypoxic post-CA in both groups. Epinephrine treatment worsened reference memory performance vs. shams. Hippocampal neuron counts did not differ between groups. Resuscitation with epinephrine enhanced immediate reperfusion but produced microvascular alterations during the first hour post-resuscitation, characterized by vasoconstriction, capillary stasis, prolonged cortical transit time, and absence of compensatory cortical vasodilation. Targeted therapies mitigating the deleterious microvascular effects of epinephrine are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onome A Oghifobibi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Andrew E Toader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Melissa A Nicholas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Brittany P Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Nicole G Alindogan
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Michael S Wolf
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Anthony E Kline
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Seyed M Nouraie
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Corina O Bondi
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Bistra Iordanova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Robert Sb Clark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Alberto L Vazquez
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Mioara D Manole
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital, Pittsburgh, USA
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7
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BNIP3L/NIX-mediated mitophagy protects against glucocorticoid-induced synapse defects. Nat Commun 2021; 12:487. [PMID: 33473105 PMCID: PMC7817668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced glucocorticoids disturb mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics; however, instead of being removed via mitophagy, the damaged mitochondria accumulate. Therefore, we investigate the role of glucocorticoids in mitophagy inhibition and subsequent synaptic defects in hippocampal neurons, SH-SY5Y cells, and ICR mice. First, we observe that glucocorticoids decrease both synaptic density and vesicle recycling due to suppressed mitophagy. Screening data reveal that glucocorticoids downregulate BNIP3-like (BNIP3L)/NIX, resulting in the reduced mitochondrial respiration function and synaptic density. Notably, we find that glucocorticoids direct the glucocorticoid receptor to bind directly to the PGC1α promoter, downregulating its expression and nuclear translocation. PGC1α downregulation selectively decreases NIX-dependent mitophagy. Consistent with these results, NIX enhancer pre-treatment of a corticosterone-exposed mouse elevates mitophagy and synaptic density in hippocampus, improving the outcome of a spatial memory task. In conclusion, glucocorticoids inhibit mitophagy via downregulating NIX and that NIX activation represents a potential target for restoring synapse function. Stress-induced glucocorticoids cause mitochondrial damage in neurons, but they are not cleared by mitophagy. Here, the authors show that glucocorticoids inhibit NIX-dependent basal mitophagy, contributing to neurodegeneration in a mouse model that can be reversed by pretreatment with a NIX enhancer.
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8
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Wong KY, Roy J, Fung ML, Heng BC, Zhang C, Lim LW. Relationships between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurotransmission Failure in Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1291-1316. [PMID: 33014538 PMCID: PMC7505271 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides extracellular deposition of amyloid beta and formation of phosphorylated tau in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the pathogenesis of AD is also thought to involve mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered neurotransmission systems. However, none of these components can describe the diverse cognitive, behavioural, and psychiatric symptoms of AD without the pathologies interacting with one another. The purpose of this review is to understand the relationships between mitochondrial and neurotransmission dysfunctions in terms of (1) how mitochondrial alterations affect cholinergic and monoaminergic systems via disruption of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis; and (2) how different neurotransmission systems drive mitochondrial dysfunction via increasing amyloid beta internalisation, oxidative stress, disruption of mitochondrial permeabilisation, and mitochondrial trafficking. All these interactions are separately discussed in terms of neurotransmission systems. The association of mitochondrial dysfunctions with alterations in dopamine, norepinephrine, and histamine is the prospective goal in this research field. By unfolding the complex interactions surrounding mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, we can better develop potential treatments to delay, prevent, or cure this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yin Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Jaydeep Roy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Kiarash Fekri, Nayebi AM, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Farajdokht F, Mahmoudi J. The Neurochemical Changes Involved in Immobilization Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depression: Roles for Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971242002004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Banagozar Mohammadi A, Torbati M, Farajdokht F, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Fazljou SMB, Vatandoust SM, Golzari SE, Mahmoudi J. Sericin alleviates restraint stress induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors via modulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Brain Res 2019; 1715:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Ren Y, Mu Y, Yue Y, Jin H, Tao K, Hou T. Neochamaejasmin A extracted from Stellera chamaejasme L. induces apoptosis involving mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Sf9 cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 157:169-177. [PMID: 31153465 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To explore the toxicity mechanisms of neochamaejasmin A (NCA), extracted from Stellera chamaejasme L., we first evaluated its cytotoxicity on the Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell line. The results confirmed that NCA inhibited Sf9 cell survival in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. Then, intracellular biochemical assays showed that NCA induced apoptosis in Sf9 cells. Evidence of apoptosis was confirmed by morphological changes and the activation of caspases-3/9. We also observed that NCA induced apoptosis via mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway by upregulating cytochrome c and proapoptotic protein (Bax) and downregulating the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Moreover, we found a dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulation of lipid peroxidation product and an inactivation of the antioxidant enzymes in treated cells. Additionally, the cleavage of PARP and G2/M arrest were also detected in Sf9 cells exposed to NCA. These findings provide critical information that NCA effectively induced apoptosis in Sf9 cells through mitochondrial pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yangping Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ke Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Taiping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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12
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Protocatechuic acid inhibits Toll-like receptor-4-dependent activation of NF-κB by suppressing activation of the Akt, mTOR, JNK and p38-MAPK. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 55:272-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Kim A, Lee CS. Apigenin reduces the Toll-like receptor-4-dependent activation of NF-κB by suppressing the Akt, mTOR, JNK, and p38-MAPK. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 391:271-283. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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K ATP channel block inhibits the Toll-like receptor 2-mediated stimulation of NF-κB by suppressing the activation of Akt, mTOR, JNK and p38-MAPK. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:190-201. [PMID: 28923349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the KATP channel activity have been shown to regulate inflammation and immune responses. Using human keratinocytes, we investigated the effect of KATP channel inhibition on inflammatory mediator production in relation to the Toll like receptor-2-mediated-Akt, mTOR and NF-κB pathways, as well as JNK and p38-MAPK, which regulate the transcription genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. 5-Hydroxydecanoate (a selective KATP channel blocker), glibenclamide (a cell surface and mitochondrial KATP channel inhibitor), the Akt inhibitor, rapamycin, Bay 11-7085 and N-acetylcysteine reduced the lipoteichoic acid- or peptidoglycan-induced production of cytokines and chemokines, and production of reactive oxygen species and increased the levels and activities of Kir 6.2, NF-κB, phosphorylated-Akt and mTOR, and the activation of JNK and p38-MAPK in keratinocytes. Inhibitors of c-JNK (SP600125) and p38-MAPK (SB203580) attenuated the lipoteichoic acid- or peptidoglycan-induced production of inflammatory mediators, the activation of the JNK and p38-MAPK, and the production of reactive oxygen species in keratinocytes. The results show that KATP channel blockers may reduce the bacterial component-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the Toll-like receptor-2-mediated activation of the Akt, mTOR and NF-κB pathways, as well as JNK and p38-MAPK. The suppressive effect of KATP channel blockers appears to be achieved by the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production.
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15
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Lee HY, Lee JS, Kim HG, Kim WY, Lee SB, Choi YH, Son CG. The ethanol extract of Aquilariae Lignum ameliorates hippocampal oxidative stress in a repeated restraint stress mouse model. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:397. [PMID: 28797292 PMCID: PMC5553856 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic stress contributes to the development of brain disorders, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Oxidative damage is well known as a causative factor for pathogenic process in brain tissues. The aim of this study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of a 30% ethanol extract of Aquilariae Lignum (ALE) in repeated stress-induced hippocampal oxidative injury. Methods Fifty BALB/c male mice (12 weeks old) were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10). For 11 consecutive days, each group was orally administered with distilled water, ALE (20 or 80 mg/kg) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 100 mg/kg), and then all mice (except unstressed group) were subjected to restraint stress for 6 h. On the final day, brain tissues and sera were isolated, and stress hormones and hippocampal oxidative alterations were examined. We also treated lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells with ALE (1 and 5 μg/mL) or NAC (10 μM) to investigate the pharmacological mechanism. Results Restraint stress considerably increased the serum levels of corticosterone and adrenaline and the hippocampal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA). ALE administration significantly attenuated the above abnormalities. ALE also significantly normalized the stress-induced activation of astrocytes and microglial cells in the hippocampus as well as the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). The in vitro assay outcome supplemented ALE could dramatically block NF-κB activation in microglia. The anti-oxidative stress effects of ALE were supported by the results of antioxidant components, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NFE2L2 (Nrf2) in the hippocampal tissues. Conclusions We firstly demonstrated the neuroprotective potentials of A. Lignum against hippocampal oxidative injury in repeated restraint stress. The corresponding mechanisms might involve modulations in the release of ROS, pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress hormones.
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16
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Kim A, Nam YJ, Lee CS. Taxifolin reduces the cholesterol oxidation product-induced neuronal apoptosis by suppressing the Akt and NF-κB activation-mediated cell death. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:63-71. [PMID: 28710022 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The taxifolin effect on the cholesterol oxidation product-induced neuronal apoptosis was investigated using differentiated PC12 cells and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. 7-ketocholesterol induced phosphorylation of Akt, and increase in the levels of cytosolic and nuclear NF-κB p65, cytosolic NF-κB p50 and cytosolic phosphorylated-IκB-α in PC12 cells. The cholesterol oxidation products also induced a decrease in the levels of Bid and Bcl-2, increase in the levels of p53 and Bax, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspases (-8, -9 and -3), production of reactive oxygen species, depletion of GSH and cell death in both cell lines. Taxifolin, N-acetylcysteine, trolox, Akt inhibitor and Bay11-7085 attenuated the cholesterol oxidation product-induced changes in the apoptosis-related protein levels, activation of the Akt and NF-κB, reactive oxygen species production, GSH depletion and cell death. These results show that taxifolin may reduce the cholesterol oxidation product-induced neuronal apoptosis by suppressing the Akt and NF-κB activation-mediated cell death. The suppressive effect appears to be attributed to the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production and GSH depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arum Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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Kim A, Nam YJ, Shin YK, Lee MS, Sohn DS, Lee CS. Rotundarpene inhibits TNF-α-induced activation of the Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways, and the JNK and p38 associated with production of reactive oxygen species. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 434:113-125. [PMID: 28432555 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ilex Rotunda Thunb has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In human keratinocytes, we investigated the effect of rotundarpene (4-caffeoyl-3-methyl-but-2-ene-1,4-diol) on the TNF-α-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in relation to the Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways, and the JNK and p38-MAPK. Rotundarpene, Akt inhibitor, Bay 11-7085, rapamycin, and N-acetylcysteine inhibited the TNF-α-stimulated production of cytokines and chemokines, increase in the levels of p-Akt and mTOR, activation of NF-κB, and production of reactive oxygen species in keratinocytes. TNF-α treatment induced phosphorylation of the JNK and p38-MAPK. Inhibitors of the c-JNK (SP600125) and p38-MAPK (SB203580) reduced the TNF-α-induced production of inflammatory mediators, binding of NF-κB to DNA, and activation of the JNK and p38-MAPK in keratinocytes. The results show that rotundarpene may reduce the TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory mediator production by suppressing the reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of the Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways, and activation of the JNK and p38-MAPK in human keratinocytes. Additionally, rotundarpene appears to attenuate the Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways and the JNK and p38-MAPK-mediated inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arum Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and The BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and The BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and The BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
| | - Min Sung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, SoonChunHyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Kyung-Gi-Do, 420-767, South Korea
| | - Dong Suep Sohn
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 156-755, South Korea
| | - Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and The BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea.
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Liu M, Wan L, Bin Y, Xiang J. Role of norepinephrine in Aβ-related neurotoxicity: dual interactions with Tyr10 and SNK(26-28) of Aβ. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:170-178. [PMID: 28069584 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With their capability to inhibit the formation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) fibril, norepinephrine (NE), and other catechol derivatives have been considered for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Such treatment, however, remains debatable because of the diverse functions of Aβ and NE in AD pathology. Moreover, the complicated oxidation accompanying NE has caused the majority of the previous research to focus on the binding of NE oxides onto Aβ. The molecular mechanism by which Aβ interacts with the reduction state of NE, which is correlated with the brain function, should be urgently explored. In this work, by controlling rigorous anaerobic experimental conditions, the molecular mechanism of the Aβ/NE interaction was investigated, and two binding sites were revealed. Tyr10 was identified as the strong binding site of NE, and SNK(26-28) segment was the weak binding segment. Furthermore, thioflavin T fluorescence confirmed NE's positive function of inhibiting Aβ aggregation through its weak binding with SNK(26-28) segment. Meanwhile, 7-OHCCA fluorescence exhibited NE's negative function of enhancing ·OH generation through inhibiting the Aβ/Cu2+ coordination. The viability tests of the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells displayed that the coexistence of NE, Cu2+, and Aβ induced lower cell viability than free Cu2+, indicating the significant negative effect of excessive NE on AD progression. These data revealed the possible pathway of NE-induced damage in AD brain, which is significant for understanding the function of NE in Aβ-involved AD neuropathology and for designing an NE-related therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Liping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yannan Bin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Juan Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Liu M, Kou L, Bin Y, Wan L, Xiang J. Complicated function of dopamine in Aβ-related neurotoxicity: Dual interactions with Tyr10 and SNK(26–28) of Aβ. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 164:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Nam YJ, Kim A, Sohn DS, Lee CS. Apocynin inhibits Toll-like receptor-4-mediated activation of NF-κB by suppressing the Akt and mTOR pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1267-1277. [PMID: 27590200 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Microbial product lipopolysaccharide has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. Apocynin has demonstrated to have an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of apocynin on the Toll-like receptor-4-dependent activation of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, which is involved in productions of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes, has not been studied. Using human keratinocytes, we investigated the effect of apocynin on the inflammatory mediator production in relation to the Toll-like receptor-4-mediated-Akt/mTOR and NF-κB pathways, which regulates the transcription genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Apocynin, Akt inhibitor SH-5, Bay 11-7085 and N-acetylcysteine each attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of cytokines, PGE2, and chemokines, changes in the levels of Toll-like receptor-4, p-Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB, and production of reactive oxygen species in keratinocytes. The results show that apocynin appears to attenuate the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the Toll-like receptor-4-mediated activation of the Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways. The effect of apocynin appears to be attributed to its inhibitory effect on the production of reactive oxygen species. Apocynin appears to attenuate the microbial product-mediated inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
| | - Arum Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
| | - Dong Suep Sohn
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 156-755, South Korea
| | - Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea.
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Ahmed HH, Morsy FA, El-Nabarawy SK, Ahmed MA, Ali NA. Lycopene: an effective neuroprotective option against neurodeterioration induced by formaldehyde inhalation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-016-2323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Apigenin Reduces Proteasome Inhibition-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis by Suppressing the Cell Death Process. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2969-2980. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Nam YJ, Kim A, Lee MS, Shin YK, Sohn DS, Lee CS. Lamotrigine Attenuates Proteasome Inhibition-Induced Apoptosis by Suppressing the Activation of the Mitochondrial Pathway and the Caspase-8- and Bid-Dependent Pathways. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2503-2516. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Lee DH, Lee CS. Flavonoid myricetin inhibits TNF-α-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators by suppressing the Akt, mTOR and NF-κB pathways in human keratinocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 784:164-72. [PMID: 27221774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid myricetin has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Nevertheless, the effect of myricetin on the TNF-α-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes has not been studied. Using human keratinocytes, we examined the effect of myricetin on the TNF-α-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in relation to the Akt, mTOR and NF-κB pathways, which regulate the transcription genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. TNF-α stimulated production of the inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species in keratinocytes, and activation of the Akt, mTOR and NF-κB pathways in HaCaT cells and primary keratinocytes. Myricetin, Akt inhibitor, Bay 11-7085 (an inhibitor of NF-κB activation), rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) and N-acetylcysteine attenuated TNF-α-induced activation of Akt, mTOR and NF-κB. Myricetin and N-acetylcysteine attenuated the TNF-α-stimulated production of cytokines and chemokines, and production of reactive oxygen species in keratinocytes. The results show that myricetin may reduce TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory mediator production in keratinocytes by suppressing the activation of the Akt, mTOR and NF-κB pathways. The effect of myricetin appears to be associated with inhibition of the production of reactive oxygen species. Further, myricetin appears to attenuate the proinflammatory mediator-induced inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
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25
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Nam YJ, Lee DH, Lee MS, Lee CS. KATP channel block prevents proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:582-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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26
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Lee DH, Nam YJ, Lee MS, Sohn DS, Shin YK, Lee CS. 3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic Acid Attenuates TRAIL-induced Apoptosis in Human Keratinocytes by Suppressing Apoptosis-related Protein Activation. Phytother Res 2015. [PMID: 26224159 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Caffeoyl derivatives exhibit antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, the effect of 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid on the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes that may be involved in skin diseases has not been studied. In this respect, we investigated the effect of 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes. 3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid and oxidant scavengers attenuated the decrease in the cytosolic levels of Bid, Bcl-2, and survivin proteins; the increase in the levels of cytosolic Bax, p53, and phosphorylated p53; the increase in the levels of phosphorylated p38; the increase in the mitochondrial levels of the voltage-dependent anion channel; loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential; the release of cytochrome c; activation of caspases (8, 9, and 3); cleavage of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase-1; production of reactive oxygen species; the depletion of glutathione (GSH); nuclear damage; and cell death in keratinocytes treated with TRAIL. These results suggest that 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid may reduce TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes by suppressing the activation of the caspase-8 and Bid pathways and the mitochondria-mediated cell death pathway. The effect appears to be associated with the inhibitory effect on the production of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. 3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid appears to be effective in the prevention of TRAIL-induced apoptosis-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
| | - Min Sung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Bucheon City, Kyung-Gi-Do, 420-767, South Korea
| | - Dong Suep Sohn
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 156-755, South Korea
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
| | - Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
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27
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Apocynin attenuates cholesterol oxidation product-induced programmed cell death by suppressing NF-κB-mediated cell death process in differentiated PC12 cells. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:28-39. [PMID: 26122972 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidation products are suggested to be involved in neuronal degeneration. Apocynin has demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. We assessed the effect of apocynin on the cholesterol oxidation product-induced programmed cell death in neuronal cells using differentiated PC12 cells in relation to NF-κB-mediated cell death process. 7-Ketocholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol decreased the levels of Bid and Bcl-2, increased the levels of Bax and p53, and induced loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases (-8, -9 and -3). 7-Ketocholesterol caused an increase in the levels of cytosolic and nuclear NF-κB p65, cytosolic NF-κB p50 and cytosolic phospho-IκB-α, which was inhibited by the addition of 0.5 μM Bay11-7085 (an inhibitor of NF-κB activation). Apocynin attenuated the cholesterol oxidation product-induced changes in the programmed cell death-related protein levels, NF-κB activation, production of reactive oxygen species, and depletion of GSH. The results show that apocynin appears to attenuate the cholesterol oxidation product-induced programmed cell death in PC12 cells by suppressing the activation of the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways that are mediated by NF-κB activation. The preventive effect appears to be associated with the inhibitory effect on the production of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH.
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Sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide attenuates production of inflammatory mediators by suppressing the Toll-like receptor-4-mediated activation of the Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:921-30. [PMID: 25971793 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial product lipopolysaccharide has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. Parthenolide present in extracts of the herb feverfew has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of parthenolide on the Akt/mTOR and NF-κB pathway activation-induced productions of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes has not been studied. Using human keratinocytes, we investigated the effect of parthenolide on the inflammatory mediator production in relation to the Toll-like receptor-4-mediated-Akt/mTOR and NF-κB pathways, which regulate the transcription genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Parthenolide, Akt inhibitor, Bay 11-7085, and N-acetylcysteine each attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of IL-1β and PGE2, increase in the levels of cyclooxygenase, formation of reactive oxygen species, increase in the levels of Toll-like receptor-4, and activation of the Akt/mTOR and NF-κB in keratinocytes. The results show that parthenolide appears to attenuate the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the Toll-like receptor-4-mediated activation of the Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways. The activation of signaling transduction pathways appear to be regulated by reactive oxygen species. Parthenolide appears to attenuate the microbial product-mediated inflammatory skin diseases.
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29
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Lee DH, Nam YJ, Lee CS. Quercetin-3-O-(2″-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside attenuates cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB-mediated cell death process in differentiated PC12 cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:869-81. [PMID: 25845326 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidation products are suggested to be involved in neuronal cell degeneration. We examined the preventive effect of quercetin-3-O-(2″-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (QGR), a quercetin derivative, on the cholesterol oxidation product-induced neuronal cell death using differentiated PC12 cells in relation to nuclear factor (NF)-κB-mediated apoptotic process. 7-Ketocholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol induced a decrease in the levels of BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (Bid) and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), increase in the levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and p53, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). 7-Ketocholesterol induced increase in cytosolic and nuclear NF-κB p65, nuclear phospho-NF-κB p65, cytosolic NF-κB p50, and cytosolic phospho-IκB-α levels. The addition of QGR, N-acetyl cysteine, or Bay 11-7085 attenuated the cholesterol oxidation product-induced changes in the apoptosis-related protein levels, activation of NF-κB, formation of reactive oxygen species, depletion of glutathione (GSH), nuclear damage, and cell death. The results show that QGR may attenuate the cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by suppressing the activation of the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways that is mediated by NF-κB activation. The preventive effect appears to be associated with the inhibitory effect on the formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
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30
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Lee DH, Nam YJ, Lee MS, Sohn DS, Lee CS. Rotundarpene attenuates cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis by suppressing the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and bid-dependent pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 749:39-48. [PMID: 25592323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The extract of from the barks of Ilex Rotunda Thunb has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Nevertheless, the effect of rotundarpene (4-caffeoyl-3-methyl-but-2-ene-1,4-diol) on the neuronal cell death induced by cholesterol oxidation products is unclear. We assessed the preventive effect of rotundarpene on the cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells using differentiated PC12 cells. 7-Ketocholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol induced a decrease in Bid, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and survivin protein levels, increase in Bax levels, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases (-8, -9 and -3), cleavage of PARP-1 and an increase in the tumor suppressor p53 levels. Rotundarpene attenuated the cholesterol oxidation product-induced changes in the apoptosis-related protein levels, formation of reactive oxygen species, depletion of GSH, nuclear damage and cell death. The results show that rotundarpene may attenuate the cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by suppressing the activation of the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways. The preventive effect appears to be attributed to its inhibitory effect on the formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. Rotundarpene appears to attenuate cholesterol-oxidation product-mediated neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21(plus) Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21(plus) Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Min Sung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, SoonChunHyang University Hospital, Bucheon City, Kyung-Gi-Do 420-767, South Korea
| | - Dong Suep Sohn
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 156-755, South Korea
| | - Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21(plus) Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
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Nam YJ, Lee DH, Shin YK, Sohn DS, Lee CS. Flavanonol Taxifolin Attenuates Proteasome Inhibition-Induced Apoptosis in Differentiated PC12 Cells by Suppressing Cell Death Process. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:480-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Friess SH, Bruins B, Kilbaugh TJ, Smith C, Margulies SS. Differing effects when using phenylephrine and norepinephrine to augment cerebral blood flow after traumatic brain injury in the immature brain. J Neurotrauma 2014; 32:237-43. [PMID: 25072522 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Low cerebral blood flow (CBF) states have been demonstrated in children early after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and have been correlated with poorer outcomes. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) support following severe TBI is commonly implemented to correct cerebral hypoperfusion, but the efficacy of various vasopressors has not been determined. Sixteen 4-week-old female swine underwent nonimpact inertial brain injury in the sagittal plane. Intraparenchymal monitors were placed to measure intracranial pressure (ICP), CBF, brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2), and cerebral microdialysis 30 min to 6 h post-injury. One hour after injury, animals were randomized to receive either phenylephrine (PE) or norepinephrine (NE) infusions titrated to a CPP>70 mm Hg for 5 h. Animals were euthanized 6 h post-TBI, and brains were fixed and stained to assess regions of cell and axonal injury. After initiation of CPP augmentation with NE or PE infusions, there were no differences in ICP between the groups or over time. Animals receiving NE had higher PbtO2 than those receiving PE (29.6±10.2 vs. 19.6±6.4 torr at 6 h post-injury, p<0.05). CBF increased similarly in both the NE and PE groups. CPP support with PE resulted in a greater reduction in metabolic crisis than with NE (lactate/pyruvate ratio 16.7±2.4 vs. 42.7±10.2 at 6 h post-injury, p<0.05). Augmentation of CPP to 70 mm Hg with PE resulted in significantly smaller cell injury volumes at 6 h post-injury than CPP support with NE (0.4% vs. 1.4%, p<0.05). Despite similar increases in CBF, CPP support with NE resulted in greater brain tissue oxygenation and hypoxic-ischemic injury than CPP support with PE. Future clinical studies comparing the effectiveness of various vasopressors for CPP support are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H Friess
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri
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Lee DH, Nam YJ, Kim YJ, Lee MW, Lee CS. Rotundarpene prevents TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes by suppressing the caspase-8- and Bid-pathways and the mitochondrial pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:1209-19. [PMID: 25273175 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The extract and hemiterpene glycosides of Ilex rotunda Thunb have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Nevertheless, the effect of rotundarpene on the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes that may be involved in skin diseases has not been studied. In this respect, we investigated the effect of rotundarpene on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes. TRAIL triggers apoptosis by inducing a decrease in the cytosolic levels of Bid, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and survivin proteins, increase in the cytosolic levels of Bax, and increase in the mitochondrial levels of VDAC1, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspases (-8, -9, and -3), cleavage of PARP-1, and an increase in the tumor suppressor p53 levels. Treatment with rotundarpene prevented TRAIL-induced changes in the levels of apoptosis-related proteins, formations of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, nuclear damage, and cell death. These results suggest that rotundarpene may reduce TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes by suppressing the activation of the caspase-8- and Bid-pathways and the mitochondria-mediated cell death pathway, which is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. These data suggest that rotundarpene appears to be effective in the prevention of TRAIL-induced apoptosis-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21plus Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
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Singh M, Kaur M, Silakari O. Flavones: an important scaffold for medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:206-39. [PMID: 25019478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Flavones have antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-tumor, anti-microbial, estrogenic, acetyl cholinesterase, anti-inflammatory activities and are also used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Also, flavonoids are found to have an effect on several mammalian enzymes like protein kinases that regulate multiple cell signaling pathways and alterations in multiple cellular signaling pathways are frequently found in many diseases. Flavones have been an indispensable anchor for the development of new therapeutic agents. The majority of metabolic diseases are speculated to originate from oxidative stress, and it is therefore significant that recent studies have shown the positive effect of flavones on diseases related to oxidative stress. Due to the wide range of biological activities of flavones, their structure-activity relationships have generated interest among medicinal chemists. The outstanding development of flavones derivatives in diverse diseases in very short span of time proves its magnitude for medicinal chemistry research. The present review gives detail about the structural requirement of flavone derivatives for various pharmacological activities. This information may provide an opportunity to scientists of medicinal chemistry discipline to design selective, optimize as well as poly-functional flavone derivatives for the treatment of multi-factorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder Singh
- Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India.
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Menadione induces the formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH-mediated apoptosis and inhibits the FAK-mediated cell invasion. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:799-809. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Nam YJ, Lee DH, Kim YJ, Shin YK, Sohn DS, Lee MS, Lee CS. 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid attenuates proteasome inhibition-mediated programmed cell death in differentiated PC12 cells. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1416-25. [PMID: 24825618 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The dysfunction of the proteasome system is suggested to be implicated in neuronal degeneration. Caffeoylquinic acid derivatives have demonstrated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid on the neuronal cell death induced by proteasome inhibition has not been studied. Therefore, in the respect of cell death process, we assessed the effect of 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid on the proteasome inhibition-induced programmed cell death using differentiated PC12 cells. The proteasome inhibitors MG132 and MG115 induced a decrease in Bid, Bcl-2, and survivin protein levels, an increase in Bax, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases (-8, -9 and -3), and an increase in the tumor suppressor p53 levels. Treatment with 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid attenuated the proteasome inhibitor-induced changes in the programmed cell death-related protein levels, formation of reactive oxygen species, GSH depletion and cell death. The results show that 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid may attenuate the proteasome inhibitor-induced programmed cell death in PC12 cells by suppressing the activation of the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways. The preventive effect of 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid appears to be attributed to its inhibitory effect on the formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21(plus) Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, South Korea
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Jung EB, Lee CS. Baicalein attenuates proteasome inhibition-induced apoptosis by suppressing the activation of the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 730:116-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kim YJ, Jung EB, Lee MS, Seo SJ, Kim MH, Lee MW, Lee CS. Rotundarpene inhibits Toll-like receptor 2 activation-induced production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes by suppressing the Akt and NF-κB pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 18:325-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Jung EB, Kim YJ, Lee CS. Casein kinase 2 inhibition attenuates cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis by suppressing the activation of the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and bid-dependent pathways. Neurochem Int 2014; 65:30-9. [PMID: 24398405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein casein kinase 2 is involved in signal transduction, cell growth and apoptosis. However, it is unclear whether the cholesterol oxidation product-induced cell death is regulated by casein kinase 2. Therefore, in the respect of the cell death process, we assessed the regulatory effect of the casein kinase 2 on the cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells using differentiated PC12 cells. Casein kinase 2 inhibitors (4,5,6,7-tetrabromobezotriazole (TBB) and apigenin) which do not have toxic effects, reduced the 7-ketocholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced cell death and nuclear damage in PC12 cells. Treatment with TBB inhibited the 7-ketocholesterol-induced decrease in Bid, Bcl-2 and survivin protein levels, increase in Bax levels, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspases (-8, -9 and -3), cleavage of PARP-1, and increase in the tumor suppressor p53 levels. The results showed that the casein kinase 2 inhibitor at the concentrations tested which does not induce toxic effects, may attenuate the cholesterol oxidation product-induced apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells by suppressing the activation of the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways. The preventive effect appears to be ascribed to its inhibitory effect on the formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Byul Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21(plus) Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21(plus) Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea
| | - Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, and the BK21(plus) Skin Barrier Network Human Resources Development Team, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
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Liu CL, Hsia TC, Yin MC. s-Methyl cysteine enhanced survival of nerve growth factor differentiated PC12 cells under hypoxic conditions. Food Funct 2014; 5:1125-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cell line was used to investigate the protective effects ofs-methyl cysteine (SMC) at 1, 2, 4, and 8 μM under oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-lin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery
- China Medical University Hospital
- Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Te-chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy
- China Medical University
- Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-chin Yin
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology
- Asia University
- Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition
- China Medical University
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Kwak SW, Park ES, Lee CS. Parthenolide induces apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways and inhibits FAK-mediated cell invasion. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 385:133-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Quercetin-3-O-(2”-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside prevents TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes by suppressing the caspase-8- and Bid-pathways and the mitochondrial pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 204:144-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kim YJ, Jung EB, Myung SC, Kim W, Lee CS. Licochalcone A enhances geldanamycin-induced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated caspase activation. Pharmacology 2013; 92:49-59. [PMID: 23921841 DOI: 10.1159/000351846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Geldanamycin and licochalcone A induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, whether the combination of geldanamycin and licochalcone A-induced apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer cells is mediated by the formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to the activation of apoptotic caspase, has not been studied. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using the human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell lines OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3, we investigated the promoting effect of licochalcone A on geldanamycin-induced apoptosis. RESULTS Geldanamycin induced changes in apoptosis-related protein levels, loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspases, cleavage of PARP-1, formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of glutathione (GSH). Licochalcone A enhanced geldanamycin-induced apoptosis-related protein activation, formation of reactive oxygen species, caspase activation and cell death. The combined effect was inhibited by the addition of oxidant scavengers. CONCLUSIONS Licochalcone A may potentiate the apoptotic effect of geldanamycin on ovarian carcinoma cell lines by the activation of the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways and the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. The apoptosis-promoting effect of licochalcone A may be mediated by its stimulatory action on the formation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of GSH, which results in the activation of caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee SA, Kim YJ, Lee CS. Brefeldin a induces apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways and inhibits focal adhesion kinase-mediated cell invasion. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:329-38. [PMID: 23826964 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Brefeldin A induces apoptosis in various cancer cells; however, the apoptotic process in cancer cells exposed to brefeldin A remains unclear. In addition, it is unclear whether brefeldin A-induced apoptosis is mediated by the formation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the effect of brefeldin A on the invasion and migration of human epithelial ovarian cancer cells has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of brefeldin A on apoptosis, cell adhesion and migration using the human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell lines OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3. The results suggest that brefeldin A may induce apoptotic cell death in ovarian carcinoma cell lines by activating the mitochondrial pathway and the caspase-8- and Bid-dependent pathways. The apoptotic effect of brefeldin A seems to be mediated by formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH, which results in the activation of apoptotic caspases. Brefeldin A inhibited foetal bovine serum-induced adhesion and migration of OVCAR-3 cells. Brefeldin A may prevent the foetal bovine serum-induced cell adhesion and migration by limiting the focal adhesion kinase-dependent activation of cytoskeletal-associated components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon A Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee CS, Jeong EB, Kim YJ, Lee MS, Seo SJ, Park KH, Lee MW. Quercetin-3-O-(2″-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside inhibits TNF-α-activated NF-κB-induced inflammatory mediator production by suppressing ERK activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:481-7. [PMID: 23684917 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin and its derivatives have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, the effect of quercetin-3-O-(2″-galloyl)-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (QGR), a new quercetin derivative, on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in keratinocytes is unclear. In addition, the effect of QGR on the ERK and NF-κB-mediated inflammatory process has not been studied. In human keratinocyte HaCat cells, we investigated the effect of QGR on the TNF-α-stimulated production of inflammatory mediators in relation to the nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which regulates the transcription genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. QGR inhibited the TNF-α-stimulated production of cytokines and chemokines in HaCaT cells. QGR, dexamethasone, cyclosporine A, Bay 11-7085 (an inhibitor of NF-κB activation) and cell signaling ERK inhibitor attenuated the TNF-α-induced formation of inflammatory mediators and activation of the NF-κB and ERK. Unlike other compounds, dexamethasone and cyclosporine A did not reduce formation of reactive oxygen species. The results show that QGR may attenuate TNF-α-stimulated inflammatory mediator production in HaCaT cells by suppressing the activation of the ERK-mediated NF-κB pathway that is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Additionally, QGR may exhibit a preventive effect against the proinflammatory mediator-induced skin diseases by inhibiting the activation of the ERK and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Soo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, South Korea.
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Hardas SS, Sultana R, Clark AM, Beckett TL, Szweda LI, Murphy MP, Butterfield DA. Oxidative modification of lipoic acid by HNE in Alzheimer disease brain. Redox Biol 2013; 1:80-5. [PMID: 24024140 PMCID: PMC3757677 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of three pathological hallmarks: synapse loss, extracellular senile plaques (SP) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The major component of SP is amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), which has been shown to induce oxidative stress. The AD brain shows increased levels of lipid peroxidation products, including 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). HNE can react covalently with Cys, His, or Lys residues on proteins, altering structure and function of the latter. In the present study we measured the levels of the HNE-modified lipoic acid in brain of subjects with AD and age-matched controls. Lipoic acid is a key co-factor for a number of proteins including pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, key complexes for cellular energetics. We observed a significant decrease in the levels of HNE-lipoic acid in the AD brain compared to that of age-matched controls. To investigate this phenomenon further, the levels and activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH) were measured in AD and control brains. Additionally, LADH activities were measured after in-vitro HNE-treatment to mice brains. Both LADH levels and activities were found to be significantly reduced in AD brain compared to age-matched control. HNE-treatment also reduced the LADH activity in mice brain. These data are consistent with a two-hit hypothesis of AD: oxidative stress leads to lipid peroxidation that, in turn, causes oxidative dysfunction of key energy-related complexes in mitochondria, triggering neurodegeneration. This study is consonant with the notion that lipoic acid supplementation could be a potential treatment for the observed loss of cellular energetics in AD and potentiate the antioxidant defense system to prevent or delay the oxidative stress in and progression of this devastating dementing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita S Hardas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA ; Center for Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA ; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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Yang HT, Chao PC, Yin MC. Riboflavin at High Doses Enhances Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration. J Food Sci 2013; 78:H343-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-ting Yang
- Dept. of Nutrition; China Medical Univ.; Taichung City; Taiwan
| | - Pei-chun Chao
- Dept. of Nutrition; Chung Shan Medical Univ. Hospital; Taichung City; Taiwan
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Lee E, Eom JE, Kim HL, Baek KH, Jun KY, Kim HJ, Lee M, Mook-Jung I, Kwon Y. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid, μ-calpain inhibitor, on pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:709-18. [PMID: 23246577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
μ-Calpain is a calcium-dependent cysteine protease, which is activated by μM concentration of calcium in vitro. Disrupted intracellular calcium homeostasis leads to hyper-activation of μ-calpain. Hyper-activated μ-calpain enhances the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide by increasing the expression level of β-secretase (BACE1) and induces hyper-phosphorylation of tau along with the formation of neurofibrillary tangle by mediating p35 cleavage into p25, both of which are the major mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, inhibition of μ-calpain activity is very important in the treatment and prevention of AD. In this study, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), an eighteen-carbon unsaturated fatty acid, was discovered as a μ-calpain-specific inhibitor. CLA showed neuroprotective effects against neurotoxins such as H2O2 and Aβ1-42 in SH-SY5Y cells, and inhibited Aβ oligomerization/fibrillation and Aβ-induced Zona Occludens-1 degradation. In addition, CLA decreased the levels of proapoptotic proteins, p35 conversion to p25 and tau phosphorylation. These findings implicate CLA as a new core structure for selective μ-calpain inhibitors with neuroprotective effects. CLA should be further evaluated for its potential use as an AD therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Life & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
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Lee E, Eom JE, Kim HL, Kang DH, Jun KY, Jung DS, Kwon Y. Neuroprotective effect of undecylenic acid extracted from Ricinus communis L. through inhibition of μ-calpain. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 46:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Belyaeva EA, Sokolova TV, Emelyanova LV, Zakharova IO. Mitochondrial electron transport chain in heavy metal-induced neurotoxicity: effects of cadmium, mercury, and copper. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:136063. [PMID: 22619586 PMCID: PMC3349094 DOI: 10.1100/2012/136063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To clarify the role of mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) in heavy-metal-induced neurotoxicity, we studied action of Cd2+, Hg2+, and Cu2+ on cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation, respiratory function, and mitochondrial membrane potential of rat cell line PC12. As found, the metals produced, although in a different way, dose- and time-dependent changes of all these parameters. Importantly, Cd2+ beginning from 10 [mu]M and already at short incubation time (3 h) significantly inhibited the FCCP-uncoupled cell respiration; besides, practically the complete inhibition of the respiration was reached after 3 h incubation with 50 [mu]M Hg2+ or 500 [mu]M Cd2+, whereas even after 48 h exposure with 500 [mu]M Cu2+, only a 50% inhibition of the respiration occurred. Against the Cd2+-induced cell injury, not only different antioxidants and mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitors were protective but also such mtETC effectors as FCCP and stigmatellin (complex III inhibitor). However, all mtETC effectors used did not protect against the Hg2+- or Cu2+-induced cell damage. Notably, stigmatellin was shown to be one of the strongest protectors against the Cd2+-induced cell damage, producing a 15–20% increase in the cell viability. The mechanisms of the mtETC involvement in the heavy-metal-induced mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cell death are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Belyaeva
- I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez pr. 44, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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