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Hakim U, Pinti P, Noah AJ, Zhang X, Burgess P, Hamilton A, Hirsch J, Tachtsidis I. Investigation of functional near-infrared spectroscopy signal quality and development of the hemodynamic phase correlation signal. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:025001. [PMID: 35599691 PMCID: PMC9116886 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: There is a longstanding recommendation within the field of fNIRS to use oxygenated (HbO 2 ) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin when analyzing and interpreting results. Despite this, many fNIRS studies do focus onHbO 2 only. Previous work has shown thatHbO 2 on its own is susceptible to systemic interference and results may mostly reflect that rather than functional activation. Studies using bothHbO 2 and HHb to draw their conclusions do so with varying methods and can lead to discrepancies between studies. The combination ofHbO 2 and HHb has been recommended as a method to utilize both signals in analysis. Aim: We present the development of the hemodynamic phase correlation (HPC) signal to combineHbO 2 and HHb as recommended to utilize both signals in the analysis. We use synthetic and experimental data to evaluate how the HPC and current signals used for fNIRS analysis compare. Approach: About 18 synthetic datasets were formed using resting-state fNIRS data acquired from 16 channels over the frontal lobe. To simulate fNIRS data for a block-design task, we superimposed a synthetic task-related hemodynamic response to the resting state data. This data was used to develop an HPC-general linear model (GLM) framework. Experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of each signal at different SNR and to investigate the effect of false positives on the data. Performance was based on each signal's mean T -value across channels. Experimental data recorded from 128 participants across 134 channels during a finger-tapping task were used to investigate the performance of multiple signals [HbO 2 , HHb, HbT, HbD, correlation-based signal improvement (CBSI), and HPC] on real data. Signal performance was evaluated on its ability to localize activation to a specific region of interest. Results: Results from varying the SNR show that the HPC signal has the highest performance for high SNRs. The CBSI performed the best for medium-low SNR. The next analysis evaluated how false positives affect the signals. The analyses evaluating the effect of false positives showed that the HPC and CBSI signals reflect the effect of false positives onHbO 2 and HHb. The analysis of real experimental data revealed that the HPC and HHb signals provide localization to the primary motor cortex with the highest accuracy. Conclusions: We developed a new hemodynamic signal (HPC) with the potential to overcome the current limitations of usingHbO 2 and HHb separately. Our results suggest that the HPC signal provides comparable accuracy to HHb to localize functional activation while at the same time being more robust against false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair Hakim
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Pinti
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
- University of London, Birkbeck College, Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Noah
- Yale University, Department of Neuroscience and Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, United States
| | - Xian Zhang
- Yale University, Department of Neuroscience and Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, United States
| | - Paul Burgess
- University College London, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Hamilton
- University College London, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Hirsch
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
- Yale University, Department of Neuroscience and Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
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Kuhn W, Neufeld T, Müller T. Kinesiology training in patients with Parkinson's disease: results of a pilot study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:793-798. [PMID: 31919654 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Complementary therapies are an essential component of the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease. They aim to ameliorate disease symptoms in conjunction with dopamine substitution. Kinesiology trains about the effective use of physical, mental and emotional skills. Objectives of this pilot study were to demonstrate the efficacy of a standardised kinesiology programme in 20 patients with Parkinson's disease. They were on a stable drug regimen during the whole trial. Ten patients received two kinesiology sessions per week over a 6-week lasting interval. The remaining ten patients were only followed over the same time period without any kinesiology training. We scored disease symptoms, tested cognition and assessed instrumental movement performance at baseline and study end. Kinesiology improved disease symptoms, cognitive abilities and execution of simple but not complex movement series. We show a certain value of a standardised kinesiology programme as adjunct, complementary therapeutic approach in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Kuhn
- Department of Neurology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Gustav Adolf Str. 8, 97422, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Tanja Neufeld
- Department of Neurology, Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt, Gustav Adolf Str. 8, 97422, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weissensee, Gartenstr. 1, 13088, Berlin, Germany.
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Collins LM, Begeti F, Panin F, Lazar AS, Cruickshank T, Ziman M, Mason SL, Barker RA. Novel Nut and Bolt Task Quantifies Motor Deficits in Premanifest and Manifest Huntington's Disease. PLOS CURRENTS 2015; 7. [PMID: 26421223 PMCID: PMC4570842 DOI: 10.1371/currents.hd.ded251617ae62a1364506b0521bd3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: We investigated the use of a simple novel nut and bolt task in premanifest and manifest Huntington’s disease (HD) patients to detect and quantify motor impairments at all stages of the disease. Methods: Premanifest HD (n=24), manifest HD (n=27) and control (n=32) participants were asked to screw a nut onto a bolt in one direction, using three different sized bolts with their left and right hand in turn. Results: We identified some impairments at all stages of HD and in the premanifest individuals, deficits in the non-dominant hand correlated with disease burden scores. Conclusion: This simple, cheap motor task was able to detect motor impairments in both premanifest and manifest HD and as such might be a useful quantifiable measure of motor function for use in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesca Panin
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alpar S Lazar
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Travis Cruickshank
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mel Ziman
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah L Mason
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge, United Kingdom; School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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4
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A Reliability Study on Brain Activation During Active and Passive Arm Movements Supported by an MRI-Compatible Robot. Brain Topogr 2014; 27:731-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-014-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Salinet AS, Robinson TG, Panerai RB. Reproducibility of cerebral and peripheral haemodynamic responses to active, passive and motor imagery paradigms in older healthy volunteers: A fTCD study. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 206:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Petit A, Constans T, Mondon K, Andersson F, Perrier-Palisson D, Marqué A, Hommet C. Hemispheric lateralization in aging: interest of the verbal-manual concurrency paradigm. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2011; 18:620-631. [PMID: 21916665 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2011.600752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the classic asymmetry seen in hemispheric functioning is modified in older adults by using a verbal-manual concurrency task. METHOD Thirty-five right-handed participants divided into two groups according to age (15 older participants, mean age: 68 ? 8 years, without cognitive decline and 20 younger participants, mean age: 23 ? 2 years) had to perform a 30-second uni-manual tapping task, in both a single task (tapping alone) and dual task (tapping and performing a letter fluency task together) condition. RESULTS In younger participants, the letter fluency task disrupted the right hand more than the left hand whereas, in older participants, the letter fluency task disrupted both hands equally. CONCLUSION These results should be considered preliminary data using a behavioral dual task condition, which might be useful for studying lateralized hemispheric functioning and the processes of divided attention during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Petit
- Geriatric Medicine Unit, CHRU Tours, F. Rabelais University, Tours, France.
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7
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Nelles G, Jentzen W, Bockisch A, Diener HC. Neural substrates of good and poor recovery after hemiplegic stroke: a serial pet study. J Neurol 2011; 258:2168-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Muhlack S, Müsch P, Konietzka S, Woitalla D, Przuntek H, Müller T. Impact of Oral Fast Release Amantadine on Movement Performance in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2010; 2:313-320. [PMID: 27721359 PMCID: PMC3967140 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics2030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of oral fast release amantadine and levodopa may induce an improvement of motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The objective of this trial was to investigate the clinical efficacy of a fast release amantadine sulfate formulation on simple and complex movement performance and putative relations to the pharmacokinetic behavior in PD patients. We challenged two cohorts of 12 PD patients, who were taken off their regular antiparkinsonian treatment for at least 12 hours, with oral 300 mg amantadine sulfate. We scored motor symptoms and performed instrumental tasks, which ask for performance of simple or complex motion series under cued conditions. Motor symptoms and performance of complex movements significantly improved in contrast to the carrying-out of simple motions. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid antagonistic and dopaminomimetic amantadine also influences altered higher predominant prefrontal cognitive functions. Therefore, performance of complex motion series improved, whereas carrying-out of simple repetitive movements is more associated to the striatal dopamine dependent basal ganglia function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Muhlack
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Patricia Müsch
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sandra Konietzka
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Woitalla
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Horst Przuntek
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany.
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fMRI assessment of upper extremity related brain activation with an MRI-compatible manipulandum. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2010; 6:447-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11548-010-0525-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Carey LM, Abbott DF, Egan GF, Donnan GA. Reproducible activation in BA2, 1 and 3b associated with texture discrimination in healthy volunteers over time. Neuroimage 2008; 39:40-51. [PMID: 17911031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to quantify specific location and reproducibility of brain activation associated with discrimination of a moving textured surface in adult healthy volunteers over a 6-month interval. A sensory stimulation device was developed to provide a texture stimulus to the fingertips at a controlled speed and pressure. Repeat measurements of regional cerebral blood flow, using positron emission tomography (PET), were obtained in 10 healthy individuals, aged 33 to 80 years (mean=55.8 years), at scanning sessions separated by 6 months. Stimulation and rest conditions were presented to either the right, dominant (n=5) or left non-dominant (n=5) hand. Activation location was objectively quantified with reference to probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps. Differences in activation over time and regions of common activation were also quantified. Participants consistently activated Brodmann areas (BA) 2, 3b and 1, somatosensory areas of postcentral gyrus, at initial and 6-month studies: 93.1% of common activation for the right-hand (RH) and 60.6% for left-hand (LH) stimulation group were in these areas. Reproducible activation in BA6, 4a and 4p was also observed for the RH group (6.8% of common activation) and LH group (39.4%). There were no sites of significant difference over time for either hand. Highly consistent location of activation over time suggests that changes in loci of activation may be confidently monitored in adults using this paradigm. Use of probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps permitted objective quantification of the anatomical location of the core of reproducible activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne M Carey
- Division of Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, National Stroke Research Institute, Australia.
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11
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Caulo M, Briganti C, Mattei PA, Perfetti B, Ferretti A, Romani GL, Tartaro A, Colosimo C. New morphologic variants of the hand motor cortex as seen with MR imaging in a large study population. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:1480-5. [PMID: 17846195 PMCID: PMC8134386 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The hand motor cortex (HMC) has been classically described as having an omega or epsilon shape in axial-plane images obtained with CT and MR imaging. The aim of this study was to use MR imaging and Talairach normalization in a large sample population that was homogeneous for age and handedness to evaluate in a sex model a new classification with 5 morphologic variants of the HMC in the axial plane (omega, medially asymmetric epsilon, epsilon, laterally asymmetric epsilon, and null). MATERIALS AND METHODS Structural brain MR images were obtained from 257 right-handed healthy subjects (143 men and 114 women; mean age, 23.1 +/- 1.1 years) via a Talairach space transformed 3D magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo sequence. The frequencies of the different HMC variants were reported for hemisphere and sex. RESULTS The new variants of the HMC (medially asymmetric epsilon, laterally asymmetric epsilon, and null) were observed in 2.9%, 7.0%, and 1.8% of the hemispheres, respectively. Statistically significant sex differences were observed: The epsilon variant was twice as frequent in men, and an interhemispheric concordance for morphologic variants was observed only for women. CONCLUSION The large study population permitted the description of a new morphologic classification that included 3 new variants of the HMC. This new morphologic classification should facilitate the identification of the precentral gyrus in subsequent studies and in everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caulo
- Institute Advanced Biomedical Technologies of the Department of Clinical Sciences and Bioimaging, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy.
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Ardila A, Bernal B. What can be localized in the brain? Toward a "factor" theory on brain organization of cognition. Int J Neurosci 2007; 117:935-69. [PMID: 17613107 DOI: 10.1080/00207450600912222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical integration attempt among the lesional (neuropsychological), physiological (functional), and psychometric models of cognition is presented in this article. Recent neuroimaging techniques particularly fMRI have shown that there are some brain functions (i.e., simple) that can be localized into single brain areas whereas there are others (i.e., complex) that cannot. Clinical neuropsychology has been able to propose some "cognitive factors" based on empirical observations in patients with brain lesions. Factor analysis in psychometry may provide an additional tool to extract some constitutive elements of psychological functions (factors). "Factors" in factor analysis, however, may have different levels of specificity. Some times they refer to functional systems (complex cognition); in other occasions to elements of cognition ("cognitive factors"). It is emphasized that the very same brain areas (and cognitive factors) may be potentially involved in different types of cognition. It is proposed that complex cognition depends on specific patterns of activation of different brain areas and specific circuitries ("modules"), each one making its own contribution to the whole system (functional system). Impairment in a specific cognitive factor, on the other hand, may result in diverse types of impairments. At the moment, it seems feasible to suppose some cognitive factors responsible for normal neuropsychological performance. Theoretically, the impairment in any of these factors could be responsible for some specific neuropsychological syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ardila
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University. Miami, Florida 33199, USA.
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Andrich J, Saft C, Ostholt N, Müller T. Assessment of simple movements and progression of Huntington's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:405-7. [PMID: 17369593 PMCID: PMC2077774 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Instrumental measurement of simple motion sequences reflects impairment in patients with Huntington's disease (HD). The objectives were to study the progress of symptoms of HD and tapping results in 42 patients with HD, without symptomatic drug treatment over 3 years. Assessment moments were at baseline, and at years 1, 2 and 3. Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) total score and UHDRS arm score significantly increased. Motor test outcomes considerably worsened. Instrumental test results significantly correlated with both UHDRS scores at each assessment. Assessment of simple movement sequences is an additional simple method to follow impairment in patients with HD in addition to clinical rating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Andrich
- Department of Neurology, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstrasse 56, D-44791 Bochum, Germany
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14
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Saft C, Andrich J, Meisel NM, Przuntek H, Müller T. Assessment of simple movements reflects impairment in Huntington's disease. Mov Disord 2007; 21:1208-12. [PMID: 16700032 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical rating, caudate atrophy, disturbed movement performance, neuropsychological testing, and age-related genetic disease load (CAG index) are tools that reflect impairment after onset of Huntington's disease (HD). Objectives were to compare scored HD symptoms, results of neuropsychological testing and of instrumental measurement of simple motion sequences, assess caudate atrophy and CAG index, and investigate their relation to each other in 131 subjects of various HD stages. Caudate atrophy and CAG index significantly increased in advanced HD patients. Motor test results significantly differed between HD patients and 49 controls, but not between HD gene carriers and controls. Instrumental test outcomes, scored HD intensity, caudate atrophy, and CAG index significantly correlated to each other. Neuropsychological testing, which we only performed in the HD gene carriers and the previously untreated HD patients, reflected the early appearance of HD symptoms and correlated with the motor test results. Results of our applied instrumental tool measure impaired movement performance, which is not specific for HD, but reflects the various methods assessed and the slowly evolving symptoms of the degenerative process in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Saft
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Carey LM, Abbott DF, Egan GF, O'Keefe GJ, Jackson GD, Bernhardt J, Donnan GA. Evolution of brain activation with good and poor motor recovery after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2006; 20:24-41. [PMID: 16467276 DOI: 10.1177/1545968305283053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the evolution of brain activation in stroke patients with variable motor recovery and quantify changes relative to healthy controls. METHODS Serial PET activation studies, using a simple finger-tapping task, and quantitative measures of motor performance were obtained in 9 patients (2-7 weeks poststroke and 6 months later) and compared with serial healthy volunteer data. RESULTS Patients with moderate impairment and good recovery (n = 5) activated the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) contralateral to the paretic hand moved, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), contralateral cingulate gyrus, and ipsilateral lateral premotor cortex. Activation in the bilateral SMA was greater at the initial study but reduced over time compared to healthy controls and poor recoverers. Patients with severe impairment and poor recovery (n =4) showed limited activation of contralateral SM1 and SMA at both studies and no significant change over time. A posterior shift in SM1 activation was evident in good and poor recoverers. CONCLUSIONS Activation of typical motor regions and recruitment of additional sites occur subacutely poststroke, with evolution to normal patterns in moderately impaired patients who recover well. In comparison, severely impaired, poor-recovery patients show persistent, reduced activation. Dynamic changes in SMA, differentially observed in good recoverers over 6 months, highlight its importance in recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne M Carey
- National Stroke Research Institute, Austin Health, Heidelberg West, Victoria, Australia, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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Koeneke S, Lutz K, Herwig U, Ziemann U, Jäncke L. Extensive training of elementary finger tapping movements changes the pattern of motor cortex excitability. Exp Brain Res 2006; 174:199-209. [PMID: 16604315 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-006-0440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence of a strong capacity for functional and structural reorganization in the human motor system. However, past research has focused mainly on complex movement sequences over rather short training durations. In this study we investigated changes in corticospinal excitability associated with longer training of elementary, maximum-speed tapping movements. All participating subjects were consistent right-handers and were trained using either the right (experiment 1) or the left thumb (experiment 2). Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to obtain motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle of the right and the left hand before and after training. As a result of training, a significant increase was observed in tapping speed accompanied by increased MEPs, recorded from the trained APB muscle, following contralateral M1 stimulation. In the case of subdominant-hand training we additionally demonstrate increased MEP amplitudes evoked at the right APB (untrained hand) in the first training week. Enhanced corticospinal excitability associated with practice of elementary movements may constitute a necessary precursor for inducing plastic changes within the motor system. The involvement of the ipsilateral left M1 likely reflects the predominant role of the left M1 in the general control (modification) of simple motor parameters in right-handed subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koeneke
- Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Treichlerstrasse 10, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Sato H, Kiguchi M, Maki A, Fuchino Y, Obata A, Yoro T, Koizumi H. Within-subject reproducibility of near-infrared spectroscopy signals in sensorimotor activation after 6 months. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:014021. [PMID: 16526898 DOI: 10.1117/1.2166632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can measure the product of the optical path length and the concentration change in oxygenated hemoglobin (DeltaC'oxy), deoxygenated hemoglobin (DeltaC'deoxy), and their sum (DeltaC'total) in the human cerebral cortex, and it has been used for noninvasive investigation of human brain functions. We evaluate the within-subject reproducibility of the NIRS signals by repeated measurement of the sensorimotor cortex in healthy adults taken over a period of about 6 months using near-infrared (NIR) topography. The maximum signal amplitudes and the location of activation centers are compared between two sessions for each subject. The signal amplitudes vary between sessions and no consistent tendency in the changes is found among subjects. However, the distance between the activation centers identified in two sessions is relatively small, within 20 mm on average across subjects, which is comparable to the smallest distance between measurement positions in the NIR topography (21 mm). Moreover, within-subject comparisons of signal time courses show high correlation coefficients (>0.8) between the two sessions. This result, demonstrating a high within-subject reproducibility of the temporal information in NIRS signals, particularly contributes to the development of a new application of NIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Hitachi, Ltd., Advanced Research Laboratory, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395 Japan.
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Carey LM, Abbott DF, Egan GF, Bernhardt J, Donnan GA. Motor Impairment and Recovery in the Upper Limb After Stroke. Stroke 2005; 36:625-9. [PMID: 15677574 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.0000155720.47711.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Motor recovery after stroke is associated with cerebral reorganization. However, few studies have investigated the relationship directly, and findings are equivocal. We therefore aimed to characterize the relationship between motor impairment, motor recovery, and task-related changes in regional cerebral blood flow (ΔrCBF) longitudinally.
Methods—
We obtained a profile of motor impairment and recovery in the upper limb and conducted positron emission tomography motor activation studies using a simple finger-tapping task in 9 stroke patients 2 to 7 weeks after stroke and 6 months later. For correlation analysis, mean images of task-related ΔrCBF for each individual were linearly regressed with motor impairment scores. Motor recovery was correlated with longitudinal ΔrCBF images.
Results—
Patients (7 males; 72.0±9.8 years) demonstrated a wide range of impairment severity and variable recovery. Upper-limb motor function was linearly correlated with task-related ΔrCBF. Importantly, sites of correlated ΔrCBF differed over time. Subacutely correlated ΔrCBF was observed in supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral cingulate, and contralesional insula with a small area in ipsilesional primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1). Conversely, at the 6-month study, correlated ΔrCBF was primarily in ipsilesional SM1, extending to the cingulate gyrus. Better motor recovery was correlated with reduction in contralesional activity and increase in ipsilesional SM1.
Conclusions—
Upper-limb motor function and recovery are correlated with ΔrCBF in SMA, cingulate, insula, and SM1, highlighting the role of these areas in the recovery process. The dynamic nature of the relationship suggests ongoing adaptation within motor networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne M Carey
- National Stroke Research Institute, Austin Health, Level 2, Neurosciences Building, Banksia St, Heidelberg West, Victoria, Australia 3081.
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19
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Gamalo MA, Ombao H, Jennings JR. Comparing extent of activation: a robust permutation approach. Neuroimage 2004; 24:715-22. [PMID: 15652306 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2004] [Revised: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of contiguous voxels activated in a brain image can differ between groups or conditions even though the amplitude of activation does not markedly differ. Existing techniques test for differences in amplitude given that extent (number of contiguous voxels) exceeds some threshold. We present a technique that tests for differences in extent of activation given that amplitude of activation exceeds some threshold. The technique was motivated by apparent differences in extent of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) between hypertensive and normotensive participants performing cognitive tasks. These data are used to illustrate our test for extent of activation. We threshold the estimated parameter map for each subject, count the number of voxels exceeding the threshold over a defined region enclosing activated cortical area, and test the hypothesis of difference in the number of activated voxels between the two groups. Due to the large number of zeros resulting from the thresholding and the occurrence of extreme observations, we use a Robust permutation test [Lambert, D., 1985. Robust two-sample permutation tests. Ann. Stat., 13, 606-625], which is based on the sum of censored log-likelihood ratios. This statistic has desirable properties relative to the usual permutation test in contaminated distributions, i.e., idealized histogram with outliers, and provides an appropriate and robust test of extent of activation between conditions or groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Gamalo
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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20
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Morgen K, Kadom N, Sawaki L, Tessitore A, Ohayon J, Frank J, McFarland H, Martin R, Cohen LG. Kinematic specificity of cortical reorganization associated with motor training. Neuroimage 2004; 21:1182-7. [PMID: 15006685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Revised: 11/03/2003] [Accepted: 11/13/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor training consisting of repetition of directionally specific voluntary thumb movements elicits a short-term memory trace that encodes the kinematic details of the practiced motions in the primary motor cortex. Here, we studied activation patterns associated with this form of training using functional magnetic resonance imaging under careful monitoring of motor training kinematics and electromyography. We identified task-specific reductions in activation in contralateral motor cortex, a region that controls executive motor output, as well as somatosensory cortex and inferior parietal lobule, regions in charge of monitoring motor training kinematics. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a short training period consisting of repetition of finger motions leads to cortical reorganization characterized by a smaller and more efficient network that is specific for the trained movement direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Morgen
- Neuroimmunology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1430, USA
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21
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Saft C, Andrich J, Meisel NM, Przuntek H, Müller T. Congruent deterioration of complex and simple movements in patients with Huntington's disease. JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION. SUPPLEMENTUM 2004:97-104. [PMID: 15354394 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0579-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rating scales and assessment of simple and complex movements may reflect severity of Huntington's disease (HD). Objectives of our study were to compare scored HD symptoms and outcomes of instrumental tests, which demand for simple (tapping) and complex (peg insertion) movement series, in controls and subjects in various HD stages and to correlate them to each other. Motor test outcomes were significantly worsened in previously untreated and treated HD patients in comparison with HD gene carriers and controls. Peg insertion- and tapping results significantly correlated with the scored HD symptoms. Significant associations appeared between both motor test results in the controls, the previously untreated- and treated HD patients. Results of both instrumental tasks represent no specific diagnostic marker of HD, but the significant associations between both motor test outcomes indicate, that a parallel progress of deterioration of complex and simple movement abilities occurs after start of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Saft
- Department of Neurology, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Brown GG, Eyler Zorrilla LT, Georgy B, Kindermann SS, Wong EC, Buxton RB. BOLD and perfusion response to finger-thumb apposition after acetazolamide administration: differential relationship to global perfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2003; 23:829-37. [PMID: 12843786 DOI: 10.1097/01.wcb.0000071887.63724.b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors studied the effects of altering global cerebral blood flow on both blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response and perfusion response to finger-thumb apposition. A PICORE/QUIPSS II protocol was used to collect interleaved BOLD-weighted and perfusion-weighted images on eight finger-thumb apposition trials. Subjects were studied on a drug-free day and on a day when acetazolamide was administered between the second and third trials. After acetazolamide administration, resting cortical perfusion increased an average of 20% from preadministration levels, whereas the BOLD response to finger-thumb apposition decreased by an average of 35% in the S1M1 hand area. Contrary to predictions from the exhausted cerebrovascular reserve hypothesis and the oxygen limitation model, an effect of acetazolamide on cerebral blood flow response in the S1M1 hand area was not observed. Across the acetazolamide trials, BOLD response was inversely correlated with resting cortical perfusion for individual subject data. These results suggest that resting perfusion affects the magnitude of the BOLD response and is thus an important confounding factor in fMRI studies, and that the physiologic systems that increase cerebral blood flow in response to acetazolamide administration and systems that increase cerebral blood flow in response to altered neural activity appear to have additive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Brown
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA
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23
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Abstract
Pianists often report that pure listening to a well-trained piece of music can involuntarily trigger the respective finger movements. We designed a magnetoencephalography (MEG) experiment to compare the motor activation in pianists and nonpianists while listening to piano pieces. For pianists, we found a statistically significant increase of activity above the region of the contralateral motor cortex. Brain surface current density (BSCD) reconstructions revealed a spatial dissociation of this activity between notes preferably played by the thumb and the little finger according to the motor homunculus. Hence, we could demonstrate that pianists, when listening to well-trained piano music, exhibit involuntary motor activity involving the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haueisen
- Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.
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24
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Nelles G, Jentzen W, Jueptner M, Müller S, Diener HC. Arm Training Induced Brain Plasticity in Stroke Studied with Serial Positron Emission Tomography. Neuroimage 2001; 13:1146-54. [PMID: 11352620 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We used serial positron emission tomography (PET) to study training-induced brain plasticity after severe hemiparetic stroke. Ten patients were randomized to either task-oriented arm training or to a control group and scanned before and after 22.6 +/- 1.6 days of treatment using passive movements as an activation paradigm. Increases of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were assessed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM99). Before treatment, all stroke patients revealed bilateral activation of the inferior parietal cortex (IPC). After task-oriented arm training, activation was found bilaterally in IPC and premotor cortex, but also in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex (SMC). The control group only showed weak activation of the ipsilateral IPC. After treatment, the training group revealed relatively more activation bilaterally in IPC, premotor areas, and in the contralateral SMC. Five normal subjects showed no statistical significant differences between two separate PET studies. In this group of patients, task-oriented arm training induced functional brain reorganization in bilateral sensory and motor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nelles
- Neurologisches Therapiezentrum Essen, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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25
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Loubinoux I, Carel C, Alary F, Boulanouar K, Viallard G, Manelfe C, Rascol O, Celsis P, Chollet F. Within-session and between-session reproducibility of cerebral sensorimotor activation: a test--retest effect evidenced with functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2001; 21:592-607. [PMID: 11333370 DOI: 10.1097/00004647-200105000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to assess the reproducibility of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain activation signals in a sensorimotor task in healthy subjects. Because random or systematic changes are likely to happen when movements are repeated over time, the authors searched for time-dependent changes in the fMRI signal intensity and the extent of activation within and between sessions. Reproducibility was studied on a sensorimotor task called "the active task" that includes a motor output and a sensory feedback, and also on a sensory stimulation called "the passive task" that assessed the sensory input alone. The active task consisted of flexion and extension of the right hand. The subjects had performed it several times before fMRI scanning so that it was well learned. The passive task consisted of a calibrated passive flexion and extension of the right wrist. Tasks were 1 Hz-paced. The control state was rest. Subjects naïve to the MRI environment and non--MRI-naïve subjects were studied. Twelve MRI-naïve subjects underwent 3 fMRI sessions separated by 5 hours and 49 days, respectively. During MRI scanning, they performed the active task. Six MRI-naïve subjects underwent 2 fMRI sessions with the passive task 1 month apart. Three non--MRI-naïve subjects performed twice an active 2-Hz self-paced task. The data were analyzed with SPM96 software. For within-session comparison, for active or passive tasks, good reproducibility of fMRI signal activation was found within a session (intra-and interrun reproducibility) whether it was the first, second, or third session. Therefore, no within-session habituation was found with a passive or a well-learned active task. For between-session comparison, for MRI-naïve or non--MRI-naïve subjects, and with the active or the passive task, activation was increased in the contralateral premotor cortex and in ispsilateral anterior cerebellar cortex but was decreased in the primary sensorimotor cortex, parietal cortex, and posterior supplementary motor area at the second session. The lower cortical signal was characterized by reduced activated areas with no change in maximum peak intensity in most cases. Changes were partially reversed at the third session. Part of the test-retest effect may come from habituation of the MRI experiment context. Less attention and stress at the second and third sessions may be components of the inhibition of cortical activity. Because the changes became reversed, the authors suggest that, beyond the habituation process, a learning process occurred that had nothing to do with procedural learning, because the tasks were well learned or passive. A long-term memory representation of the sensorimotor task, not only with its characteristics (for example, amplitude, frequency) but also with its context (fMRI), can become integrated into the motor system along the sessions. Furthermore, the pattern observed in the fMRI signal changes might evoke a consolidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Loubinoux
- INSERM U455, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
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