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Gallese V, Ardizzi M, Ferroni F. Schizophrenia and the bodily self. Schizophr Res 2024; 269:152-162. [PMID: 38815468 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Despite the historically consolidated psychopathological perspective, on the one hand, contemporary organicistic psychiatry often highlights abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems like dysregulation of dopamine transmission, neural circuitry, and genetic factors as key contributors to schizophrenia. Neuroscience, on the other, has so far almost entirely neglected the first-person experiential dimension of this syndrome, mainly focusing on high-order cognitive functions, such as executive function, working memory, theory of mind, and the like. An alternative view posits that schizophrenia is a self-disorder characterized by anomalous self-experience and awareness. This view may not only shed new light on the psychopathological features of psychosis but also inspire empirical research targeting the bodily and neurobiological changes underpinning this disorder. Cognitive neuroscience can today address classic topics of phenomenological psychopathology by adding a new level of description, finally enabling the correlation between the first-person experiential aspects of psychiatric diseases and their neurobiological roots. Recent empirical evidence on the neurobiological basis of a minimal notion of the self, the bodily self, is presented. The relationship between the body, its motor potentialities and the notion of minimal self is illustrated. Evidence on the neural mechanisms underpinning the bodily self, its plasticity, and the blurring of self-other distinction in schizophrenic patients is introduced and discussed. It is concluded that brain-body function anomalies of multisensory integration, differential processing of self- and other-related bodily information mediating self-experience, might be at the basis of the disruption of the self disorders characterizing schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Gallese
- Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Italy; Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, Columbia University, New York, USA.
| | - Martina Ardizzi
- Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferroni
- Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Italy
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2
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Dhanik K, Pandey HR, Mishra M, Keshri A, Kumar U. Neural adaptations to congenital deafness: enhanced tactile discrimination through cross-modal neural plasticity - an fMRI study. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07615-4. [PMID: 38797764 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores the compensatory neural mechanisms associated with congenital deafness through an examination of tactile discrimination abilities using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). OBJECTIVE To analyze the neural substrates underlying tactile processing in congenitally deaf individuals and compare them with hearing controls. METHODS Our participant pool included thirty-five congenitally deaf individuals and thirty-five hearing controls. All participants engaged in tactile discrimination tasks involving the identification of common objects by touch. We utilized an analytical suite comprising voxel-based statistics, functional connectivity multivariate/voxel pattern analysis (fc-MVPA), and seed-based connectivity analysis to examine neural activity. RESULTS Our findings revealed pronounced neural activity in congenitally deaf participants within regions typically associated with auditory processing, including the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, and right rolandic operculum. Additionally, unique activation and connectivity patterns were observed in the right insula and bilateral supramarginal gyrus, indicating a strategic reorganization of neural pathways for tactile information processing. Behaviorally, both groups demonstrated high accuracy in the tactile tasks, exceeding 90%. However, the deaf participants outperformed their hearing counterparts in reaction times, showcasing significantly enhanced efficiency in tactile information processing. CONCLUSION These insights into the brain's adaptability to sensory loss through compensatory neural reorganization highlight the intricate mechanisms by which tactile discrimination is enhanced in the absence of auditory input. Understanding these adaptations can help develop strategies to harness the brain's plasticity to improve sensory processing in individuals with sensory impairments, ultimately enhancing their quality of life through improved tactile perception and sensory integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Dhanik
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Himanshu R Pandey
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India
| | - Mrutyunjaya Mishra
- Department of Special Education (Hearing Impairments), Dr. Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Keshri
- Department of Neuro-otology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Uttam Kumar
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.
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Fabio C, Salemme R, Farnè A, Miller LE. Alpha oscillations reflect similar mapping mechanisms for localizing touch on hands and tools. iScience 2024; 27:109092. [PMID: 38405611 PMCID: PMC10884914 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that our brain re-uses body-based computations to localize touch on tools, but the neural implementation of this process remains unclear. Neural oscillations in the alpha and beta frequency bands are known to map touch on the body in external and skin-centered coordinates, respectively. Here, we pinpointed the role of these oscillations during tool-extended sensing by delivering tactile stimuli to either participants' hands or the tips of hand-held rods. To disentangle brain responses related to each coordinate system, we had participants' hands/tool tips crossed or uncrossed at their body midline. We found that midline crossing modulated alpha (but not beta) band activity similarly for hands and tools, also involving a similar network of cortical regions. Our findings strongly suggest that the brain uses similar oscillatory mechanisms for mapping touch on the body and tools, supporting the idea that body-based neural processes are repurposed for tool use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Fabio
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team of the Lyon Neuroscience Research, Center INSERM U1028 CNRS U5292 University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Romeo Salemme
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team of the Lyon Neuroscience Research, Center INSERM U1028 CNRS U5292 University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion, Lyon, France
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team of the Lyon Neuroscience Research, Center INSERM U1028 CNRS U5292 University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion, Lyon, France
| | - Luke E. Miller
- Integrative Multisensory Perception Action & Cognition Team of the Lyon Neuroscience Research, Center INSERM U1028 CNRS U5292 University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion, Lyon, France
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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4
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Teraoka R, Kuroda N, Kojima R, Teramoto W. Comparison of peripersonal space in front and rear spaces. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-024-06782-2. [PMID: 38319398 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The space immediately around the body, referred to as the peripersonal space (PPS), plays a crucial role in interactions with external objects and in avoiding unsafe situations. This study aimed to investigate whether the size of the PPS changes depending on direction, with a particular focus on the disparity between the front and rear spaces. A vibrotactile stimulus was presented to measure PPS while a task-irrelevant auditory stimulus (probe) approached the participant. In addition, to evaluate the effect of the probe, a baseline condition was used in which only tactile stimuli were presented. The results showed that the auditory facilitation effect of the tactile stimulus was greater in the rear condition than in the front condition. Conversely, the performance on tasks related to auditory distance perception and sound speed estimation did not differ between the two directions, indicating that the difference in the auditory facilitation effect between directions cannot be explained by these factors. These findings indicate that the strength of audio-tactile integration is greater in the rear space compared to the front space, suggesting that the representation of the PPS differed between the front and rear spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Teraoka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan.
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (Psychology), Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kuroda
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (Psychology), Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Rinka Kojima
- Faculty of Letters, Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Wataru Teramoto
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (Psychology), Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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Sun F, Chen Y, Huang Y, Yan J, Chen Y. Relationship between gray matter structure and age in children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:1039590. [PMID: 36684838 PMCID: PMC9853167 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1039590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the difference in the relationship between gray matter structure and age in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) subjects. Methods After screening T1 structural images from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) database, 111 children and adolescents (7-18 years old) with high-functioning ASD and 151 TD subjects matched for age, sex and full IQ were included in the current study. By using the voxel-based morphological analysis method, gray matter volume/density (GMV/GMD) maps were obtained for each participant. Then, a multiple regression analysis was performed for ASD and TD groups, respectively to estimate the relationship between GMV/GMD and age with gender, education, site, and IQ scores as covariates. Furthermore, a z-test was used to compare such relationship difference between the groups. Results Results showed that compared with TD, the GMD of ASD showed stronger positive correlations with age in the prefrontal cortex, and a stronger negative correlation in the left inferior parietal lobule, and a weaker positive correlation in the right inferior parietal lobule. The GMV of ASD displayed stronger positive correlations with age in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum. Conclusion These findings may provide evidence to support that the brain structure abnormalities underlying ASD during childhood and adolescence may differ from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Sun
- Center for Brain, Mind, and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China,Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Center for Brain, Mind, and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China,Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yingwen Huang
- Center for Brain, Mind, and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China,Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Center for Brain, Mind, and Education, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China,Department of Psychology, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yihong Chen,
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Blohm G, Cheyne DO, Crawford JD. Parietofrontal oscillations show hand-specific interactions with top-down movement plans. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:1518-1533. [PMID: 36321728 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00240.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To generate a hand-specific reach plan, the brain must integrate hand-specific signals with the desired movement strategy. Although various neurophysiology/imaging studies have investigated hand-target interactions in simple reach-to-target tasks, the whole brain timing and distribution of this process remain unclear, especially for more complex, instruction-dependent motor strategies. Previously, we showed that a pro/anti pointing instruction influences magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals in frontal cortex that then propagate recurrently through parietal cortex (Blohm G, Alikhanian H, Gaetz W, Goltz HC, DeSouza JF, Cheyne DO, Crawford JD. NeuroImage 197: 306-319, 2019). Here, we contrasted left versus right hand pointing in the same task to investigate 1) which cortical regions of interest show hand specificity and 2) which of those areas interact with the instructed motor plan. Eight bilateral areas, the parietooccipital junction (POJ), superior parietooccipital cortex (SPOC), supramarginal gyrus (SMG), medial/anterior interparietal sulcus (mIPS/aIPS), primary somatosensory/motor cortex (S1/M1), and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), showed hand-specific changes in beta band power, with four of these (M1, S1, SMG, aIPS) showing robust activation before movement onset. M1, SMG, SPOC, and aIPS showed significant interactions between contralateral hand specificity and the instructed motor plan but not with bottom-up target signals. Separate hand/motor signals emerged relatively early and lasted through execution, whereas hand-motor interactions only occurred close to movement onset. Taken together with our previous results, these findings show that instruction-dependent motor plans emerge in frontal cortex and interact recurrently with hand-specific parietofrontal signals before movement onset to produce hand-specific motor behaviors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The brain must generate different motor signals depending on which hand is used. The distribution and timing of hand use/instructed motor plan integration are not understood at the whole brain level. Using MEG we show that different action planning subnetworks code for hand usage and integrating hand use into a hand-specific motor plan. The timing indicates that frontal cortex first creates a general motor plan and then integrates hand specificity to produce a hand-specific motor plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Blohm
- Centre of Neuroscience Studies, Departments of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Mathematics & Statistics, and Psychology and School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Action and Perception Network (CAPnet), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) program, Departments of Psychology, Biology, and Kinesiology and Health Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas O Cheyne
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Douglas Crawford
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Action and Perception Network (CAPnet), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA) program, Departments of Psychology, Biology, and Kinesiology and Health Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Abdulrabba S, Tremblay L, Manson GA. Investigating the online control of goal-directed actions to a tactile target on the body. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2773-2782. [PMID: 36100753 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Movement corrections to somatosensory targets have been found to be shorter in latency and larger in magnitude than corrections to external visual targets. Somatosensory targets (e.g., body positions) can be identified using both tactile (i.e., skin receptors) and proprioceptive information (e.g., the sense of body position derived from sensory organs in the muscles and joints). Here, we investigated whether changes in tactile information alone, without changes in proprioception, can elicit shorter correction latencies and larger correction magnitudes than those to external visual targets. Participants made reaching movements to a myofilament touching the index finger of the non-reaching finger (i.e., a tactile target) and a light-emitting diode (i.e., visual target). In one-third of the trials, target perturbations occurred 100 ms after movement onset, such that the target was displaced 3 cm either away or toward the participant. We found that participants demonstrated larger correction magnitudes to visual than tactile target perturbations. Moreover, we found no differences in correction latency between movements to perturbed tactile and visual targets. Further, we found that while participants detected tactile stimuli earlier than visual stimuli, they took longer to initiate reaching movements to an unperturbed tactile target than an unperturbed visual target. These results provide evidence that additional processes may be required when planning movements to tactile versus visual targets and that corrections to changes in tactile target positions alone may not facilitate the latency and magnitude advantages observed for corrections to somatosensory targets (i.e., proprioceptive-tactile targets).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Abdulrabba
- Perceptual-Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, M5S 2W6, Canada.,Sensorimotor Exploration Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division St, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Luc Tremblay
- Perceptual-Motor Behaviour Laboratory, Centre for Motor Control, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, M5S 2W6, Canada.
| | - Gerome Aleandro Manson
- Sensorimotor Exploration Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division St, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Si L, Cui B, Li Z, Li X, Li K, Ling X, Shen B, Yang X. Concurrent brain structural and functional alterations in patients with chronic unilateral vestibulopathy. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:3115-3125. [PMID: 35655817 PMCID: PMC9131349 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic unilateral vestibulopathy (CUVP) is a common chronic vestibular syndrome which may be caused by incomplete vestibular dynamic compensation. Neuroimaging technology provides important clues to explore the mechanism of complicated by vestibular dynamic compensation in patients with CUVP. However, previous studies mostly used positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the changes of brain function in these patients during the task state, few studies have investigated the alterations during the resting state, Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the possible brain structural and functional alterations in patients with CUVP and explore the dynamic compensation state in patients with CUVP. METHODS We recruited 18 patients with right CUVP and 18 age-, gender-, and education level-matched healthy controls (HCs). Vestibular evaluations, such as videonystagmography and caloric tests, were performed. All participants underwent Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) assessment. All participants underwent multimodal magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, including fMRI and three-dimensional T1-weighted MRI. We analyzed the amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), seed based functional connectivity, and voxel-based morphometry (VBM). RESULTS Compared with HCs, CUVP patients showed significantly increased ALFF values in the right supplementary motor area, significantly decreased ALFF values in the right middle occipital gyrus, significantly decreased ReHo values in the bilateral superior parietal lobule, and significantly enhanced ReHo values in the bilateral cerebellar hemisphere [both P<0.05, family-wise error (FWE) corrected]. Compared with HCs, patients with CUVP showed increased gray matter volumes in the left medial superior frontal gyrus and left middle cingulate gyrus [P<0.001, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected]. Compared with HCs, in patients with CUVP, functional connectivity was enhanced between the left medial superior frontal gyrus and the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus and left angular gyrus and was significantly decreased between the left medial superior frontal gyrus and the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (both P<0.01, FWE corrected). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between DHI score and VBM value of the left medial superior frontal gyrus in patients with CUVP (r=-0.430, P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS This study identified abnormalities of neuronal activity intensity and overall activity synchronization in multiple brain regions in patients with CUVP, suggesting that patients with CUVP have extensive brain functional abnormalities, which in turn affects their spatial perception and motor perception. Increased gray matter volume and functional connectivity of the default mode network may be used as potential imaging biomarkers of chronic symptoms in patients with CUVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Si
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital (Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine), Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cui
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital (Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine), Beijing, China
| | - Zheyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital (Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine), Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Kangzhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital (Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine), Beijing, China
| | - Xia Ling
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital (Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine), Beijing, China
| | - Bo Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital (Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine), Beijing, China
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Wang H, Ma ZH, Xu LZ, Yang L, Ji ZZ, Tang XZ, Liu JR, Li X, Cao QJ, Liu J. Developmental brain structural atypicalities in autism: a voxel-based morphometry analysis. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:7. [PMID: 35101065 PMCID: PMC8805267 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) studies have shown atypicalities in structural brain changes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), while a noticeable discrepancy in their results indicates the necessity of conducting further researches. METHODS The current study investigated the atypical structural brain features of autistic individuals who aged 6-30 years old. A total of 52 autistic individuals and 50 age-, gender-, and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched typically developing (TD) individuals were included in this study, and were assigned into three based cohorts: childhood (6-12 years old), adolescence (13-18 years old), and adulthood (19-30 years old). Analyses of whole-brain volume and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) on the sMRI data were conducted. RESULTS No significant difference was found in the volumes of whole-brain, gray matter, and white matter between the autism and TD groups in the three age-based cohorts. For VBM analyses, the volumes of gray matter in the right superior temporal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule in the autism group (6-12 years old) were smaller than those in the TD group; the gray matter volume in the left inferior parietal lobule in the autism group (13-18 years old) was larger than that in the TD group; the gray matter volume in the right middle occipital gyrus in the autism group (19-30 years old) was larger than that in the TD group, and the gray matter volume in the left posterior cingulate gyrus in the autism group was smaller than that in the TD group. CONCLUSION Autistic individuals showed different atypical regional gray matter volumetric changes in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood compared to their TD peers, indicating that it is essential to consider developmental stages of the brain when exploring brain structural atypicalities in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ling-Zi Xu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhao-Zheng Ji
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Zhou Tang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing-Ran Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qing-Jiu Cao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51 Huayuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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10
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Fabio C, Salemme R, Koun E, Farnè A, Miller LE. Alpha Oscillations Are Involved in Localizing Touch on Handheld Tools. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:675-686. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The sense of touch is not restricted to the body but can also extend to external objects. When we use a handheld tool to contact an object, we feel the touch on the tool and not in the hand holding the tool. The ability to perceive touch on a tool actually extends along its entire surface, allowing the user to accurately localize where it is touched similarly as they would on their body. Although the neural mechanisms underlying the ability to localize touch on the body have been largely investigated, those allowing to localize touch on a tool are still unknown. We aimed to fill this gap by recording the electroencephalography signal of participants while they localized tactile stimuli on a handheld rod. We focused on oscillatory activity in the alpha (7–14 Hz) and beta (15–30 Hz) ranges, as they have been previously linked to distinct spatial codes used to localize touch on the body. Beta activity reflects the mapping of touch in skin-based coordinates, whereas alpha activity reflects the mapping of touch in external space. We found that alpha activity was solely modulated by the location of tactile stimuli applied on a handheld rod. Source reconstruction suggested that this alpha power modulation was localized in a network of fronto-parietal regions previously implicated in higher-order tactile and spatial processing. These findings are the first to implicate alpha oscillations in tool-extended sensing and suggest an important role for processing touch in external space when localizing touch on a tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Fabio
- ImpAct, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, France
- University of Lyon 1, France
| | - Romeo Salemme
- ImpAct, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, France
- University of Lyon 1, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion, France
| | - Eric Koun
- ImpAct, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, France
- University of Lyon 1, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion, France
| | - Alessandro Farnè
- ImpAct, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, France
- University of Lyon 1, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion, France
- University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Luke E. Miller
- ImpAct, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, France
- University of Lyon 1, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neuro-immersion, France
- Donders Institute for Brain, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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Bahadori M, Cesari P. Affective sounds entering the peripersonal space influence the whole-body action preparation. Neuropsychologia 2021; 159:107917. [PMID: 34153305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The peripersonal space (PPS), the space surrounding us, is found to have enhanced multisensory-motor representation in the brain. In this study, we investigate how approaching sounds stopping at different distances within the peripersonal space, and carrying emotional content (positive, negative, and neutral), modulate the preparation of action as performing a Step. Premotor reaction times were measured by means of anticipatory forces and muscular activations to capture action preparation, the kinematics of stepping was considered for defining action performance, and for each stimulus, the individual perceived level of arousal and valence was evaluated. In general, we found a prompter premotor reaction for closer sounds compared to the farther ones and the fastest reactions detected for the neutral sound at each distance. We interpreted this time facilitation for neutral sound due to the large frequency spectrum of the stimuli and the absence of affective component and semantical content to decode. Interestingly, while at the close distance, none difference was found between positive and negative emotional stimuli, at the far distance faster reactions were present for negative compared to the positive sounds indicating that when arousal is less enhanced individuals are able to differentiate the emotional content of a sound. The kinematics observed after action initiation sustained the anticipatory results by showing that larger steps were performed when reacting to close compared to far sounds, being perceived as more arousing, and this happened particularly for neutral and negative sounds. Altogether, the results showed that action preparation is influenced by the vicinity and by the valence carried by looming auditory stimuli. For discriminating the stimuli valence, a certain distance, still within the PPS, is necessary; when instead stimuli are too close to the body valence discrimination is not performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Bahadori
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Cesari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine & Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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12
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Fanghella M, Era V, Candidi M. Interpersonal Motor Interactions Shape Multisensory Representations of the Peripersonal Space. Brain Sci 2021; 11:255. [PMID: 33669561 PMCID: PMC7922994 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective review focuses on the proposal that predictive multisensory integration occurring in one's peripersonal space (PPS) supports individuals' ability to efficiently interact with others, and that integrating sensorimotor signals from the interacting partners leads to the emergence of a shared representation of the PPS. To support this proposal, we first introduce the features of body and PPS representations that are relevant for interpersonal motor interactions. Then, we highlight the role of action planning and execution on the dynamic expansion of the PPS. We continue by presenting evidence of PPS modulations after tool use and review studies suggesting that PPS expansions may be accounted for by Bayesian sensory filtering through predictive coding. In the central section, we describe how this conceptual framework can be used to explain the mechanisms through which the PPS may be modulated by the actions of our interaction partner, in order to facilitate interpersonal coordination. Last, we discuss how this proposal may support recent evidence concerning PPS rigidity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its possible relationship with ASD individuals' difficulties during interpersonal coordination. Future studies will need to clarify the mechanisms and neural underpinning of these dynamic, interpersonal modulations of the PPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fanghella
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (V.E.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Vanessa Era
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (V.E.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Candidi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (V.E.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
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13
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Dowiasch S, Meyer-Stender S, Klingenhoefer S, Bremmer F. Nonretinocentric localization of successively presented flashes during smooth pursuit eye movements. J Vis 2020; 20:8. [PMID: 32298416 PMCID: PMC7405758 DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Keeping track of objects in our environment across body and eye movements is essential for perceptual stability and localization of external objects. As of yet, it is largely unknown how this perceptual stability is achieved. A common behavioral approach to investigate potential neuronal mechanisms underlying spatial vision has been the presentation of one brief visual stimulus across eye movements. Here, we adopted this approach and aimed to determine the reference frame of the perceptual localization of two successively presented flashes during fixation and smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs). To this end, eccentric flashes with a stimulus onset asynchrony of zero or ± 200 ms had to be localized with respect to each other during fixation and SPEMs. The results were used to evaluate different models predicting the reference frame in which the spatial information is represented. First, we were able to reproduce the well-known effect of relative mislocalization during fixation. Second, smooth pursuit led to a characteristic relative mislocalization, different from that during fixation. A model assuming that relative localization takes place in a nonretinocentric reference frame described our data best. This suggests that the relative localization judgment is performed at a stage of visual processing in which retinal and nonretinal information is available.
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14
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Mobile steady-state evoked potential recording: Dissociable neural effects of real-world navigation and visual stimulation. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 332:108540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Jung WM, Lee IS, Lee YS, Kim J, Park HJ, Wallraven C, Chae Y. Decoding spatial location of perceived pain to acupuncture needle using multivoxel pattern analysis. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919877060. [PMID: 31469030 PMCID: PMC6753510 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919877060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study applied multivoxel pattern analysis to decode spatial
discrimination in pain perception to acupuncture needle from brain functional
magnetic resonance image. Fourteen participants were stimulated by acupuncture
needles at two adjacent body parts on their left forearm (PC6 vs. HT7). We
trained support vector machines on the spatial information from the whole-brain
functional magnetic resonance imaging data and projected the support vector
machine weight to the brain image space to represent the effect of each voxel on
the classifier output. Using region-of-interest masks in individual brains, we
trained and tested a linear support vector machine classifier on the accuracy of
spatial discrimination in trial-wise functional magnetic resonance imaging data.
A classical univariate general linear model analysis testing for differences
between the two different locations did not reveal any significant differences.
Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed that the brain regions for the prediction
of sensory discrimination in pain perceptions to two different points were in
the primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, and supramarginal gyrus,
anterior and posterior insula, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex,
ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and inferior parietal lobule. Our findings
suggest that spatial localizations of pain perceptions to acupuncture needle can
be predicted by the neural response patterns in the somatosensory areas and the
frontoparietal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mo Jung
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seon Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christian Wallraven
- Department of Brain Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younbyoung Chae
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Ugolini G, Prevosto V, Graf W. Ascending vestibular pathways to parietal areas MIP and LIPv and efference copy inputs from the medial reticular formation: Functional frameworks for body representations updating and online movement guidance. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:2988-3013. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Ugolini
- Paris‐Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR9197) CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Sud Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Vincent Prevosto
- Paris‐Saclay Institute of Neuroscience (UMR9197) CNRS ‐ Université Paris‐Sud Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Pratt School of Engineering Durham North Carolina
- Department of Neurobiology Duke School of Medicine Duke University Durham North Carolina
| | - Werner Graf
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Howard University Washington District of Columbia
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17
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Serino A. Peripersonal space (PPS) as a multisensory interface between the individual and the environment, defining the space of the self. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 99:138-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Brain regions that retain the spatial layout of tactile stimuli during working memory – A ‘tactospatial sketchpad’? Neuroimage 2018; 178:531-539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Limanowski J, Blankenburg F. Fronto-Parietal Brain Responses to Visuotactile Congruence in an Anatomical Reference Frame. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:84. [PMID: 29556183 PMCID: PMC5845128 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially and temporally congruent visuotactile stimulation of a fake hand together with one's real hand may result in an illusory self-attribution of the fake hand. Although this illusion relies on a representation of the two touched body parts in external space, there is tentative evidence that, for the illusion to occur, the seen and felt touches also need to be congruent in an anatomical reference frame. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a somatotopical, virtual reality-based setup to isolate the neuronal basis of such a comparison. Participants' index or little finger was synchronously touched with the index or little finger of a virtual hand, under congruent or incongruent orientations of the real and virtual hands. The left ventral premotor cortex responded significantly more strongly to visuotactile co-stimulation of the same versus different fingers of the virtual and real hand. Conversely, the left anterior intraparietal sulcus responded significantly more strongly to co-stimulation of different versus same fingers. Both responses were independent of hand orientation congruence and of spatial congruence of the visuotactile stimuli. Our results suggest that fronto-parietal areas previously associated with multisensory processing within peripersonal space and with tactile remapping evaluate the congruence of visuotactile stimulation on the body according to an anatomical reference frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Limanowski
- Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Blankenburg
- Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Thomas T, Sunny MM. Altered Visuo-spatial Processing in the Peri-personal Space: A New Look at the Hand-Proximity Effects. J Indian Inst Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-017-0057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Interoceptive signals impact visual processing: Cardiac modulation of visual body perception. Neuroimage 2017; 158:176-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Teramoto W, Honda K, Furuta K, Sekiyama K. Visuotactile interaction even in far sagittal space in older adults with decreased gait and balance functions. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:2391-2405. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Wiemers M, Fischer MH. Effects of Hand Proximity and Movement Direction in Spatial and Temporal Gap Discrimination. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1930. [PMID: 28018268 PMCID: PMC5145868 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research on the interplay between static manual postures and visual attention revealed enhanced visual selection near the hands (near-hand effect). During active movements there is also superior visual performance when moving toward compared to away from the stimulus (direction effect). The “modulated visual pathways” hypothesis argues that differential involvement of magno- and parvocellular visual processing streams causes the near-hand effect. The key finding supporting this hypothesis is an increase in temporal and a reduction in spatial processing in near-hand space (Gozli et al., 2012). Since this hypothesis has, so far, only been tested with static hand postures, we provide a conceptual replication of Gozli et al.’s (2012) result with moving hands, thus also probing the generality of the direction effect. Participants performed temporal or spatial gap discriminations while their right hand was moving below the display. In contrast to Gozli et al. (2012), temporal gap discrimination was superior at intermediate and not near hand proximity. In spatial gap discrimination, a direction effect without hand proximity effect suggests that pragmatic attentional maps overshadowed temporal/spatial processing biases for far/near-hand space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wiemers
- Division of Cognitive Science, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martin H Fischer
- Division of Cognitive Science, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany
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24
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The alterations in regional homogeneity of parieto-cingulate and temporo-cerebellum regions of first-episode medication-naïve depression patients. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 10:187-94. [PMID: 25904155 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study surveyed the characteristics of the indicator for the synchrony of brain activities, regional homogeneity (ReHo), in patients who were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) without co-morbidities. Forty-four patients with MDD and twenty-seven normal controls were enrolled in our study. The ReHo outputs of patients and controls were compared by a nonparametric permutation-based method with global brain volume, age, and gender as covariates. In addition, the correlations between the clinical variables (such as depression severity, anxiety severity, illness duration) and ReHo values were also estimated in each group and across both groups. The patients with MDD had lower ReHo values than the controls for the cognitive division of right anterior cingulate cortex and the left inferior parietal lobule. In contrast, the patients had higher values of ReHo than controls for the right inferior temporal lobe and the right cerebellum. Additionally, the ReHo values were negatively correlated with the depression severity and with illness duration in the right anterior cingulate cortex. MDD patients had significant alterations in the ReHo of the parieto-cingulate and temporo-cerebellum regions with opposite trends.
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25
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Klingner CM, Axer H, Brodoehl S, Witte OW. Vertigo and the processing of vestibular information: A review in the context of predictive coding. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:379-387. [PMID: 27639447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This article investigates the processing of vestibular information by interpreting current experimental knowledge in the framework of predictive coding. We demonstrate that this theoretical framework give us insights into several important questions regarding specific properties of the vestibular system. Particularly, we discuss why the vestibular network is more spatially distributed than other sensory networks, why a mismatch in the vestibular system is more clinically disturbing than in other sensory systems, why the vestibular system is only marginally affected by most cerebral lesions, and whether there is a primary vestibular cortex. The use of predictive coding as a theoretical framework further points to some problems with the current interpretation of results that are gained from vestibular stimulation studies. In particular, we argue that cortical responses of vestibular stimuli cannot be interpreted in the same way as responses of other sensory modalities. Finally, we discuss the implications of the new insights, hypotheses and problems that were identified in this review on further directions of research of vestibular information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten M Klingner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
| | - Hubertus Axer
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Brodoehl
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany; Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
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26
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Badde S, Heed T. Towards explaining spatial touch perception: Weighted integration of multiple location codes. Cogn Neuropsychol 2016; 33:26-47. [PMID: 27327353 PMCID: PMC4975087 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2016.1168791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Touch is bound to the skin – that is, to the boundaries of the body. Yet, the activity of neurons in primary somatosensory cortex just mirrors the spatial distribution of the sensors across the skin. To determine the location of a tactile stimulus on the body, the body's spatial layout must be considered. Moreover, to relate touch to the external world, body posture has to be evaluated. In this review, we argue that posture is incorporated, by default, for any tactile stimulus. However, the relevance of the external location and, thus, its expression in behaviour, depends on various sensory and cognitive factors. Together, these factors imply that an external representation of touch dominates over the skin-based, anatomical when our focus is on the world rather than on our own body. We conclude that touch localization is a reconstructive process that is adjusted to the context while maintaining all available spatial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Badde
- a Department of Psychology , New York University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Tobias Heed
- b Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Science , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
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27
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Abstract
Goal-directed behavior can be characterized as a dynamic link between a sensory stimulus and a motor act. Neural correlates of many of the intermediate events of goal-directed behavior are found in the posterior parietal cortex. Although the parietal cortex’s role in guiding visual behaviors has received considerable attention, relatively little is known about its role in mediating auditory behaviors. Here, the authors review recent studies that have focused on how neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (area LIP) differentially process auditory and visual stimuli. These studies suggest that area LIP contains a modality-dependent representation that is highly dependent on behavioral context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yale E Cohen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
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28
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Ceravolo L, Frühholz S, Grandjean D. Proximal vocal threat recruits the right voice-sensitive auditory cortex. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:793-802. [PMID: 26746180 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate estimation of the proximity of threat is important for biological survival and to assess relevant events of everyday life. We addressed the question of whether proximal as compared with distal vocal threat would lead to a perceptual advantage for the perceiver. Accordingly, we sought to highlight the neural mechanisms underlying the perception of proximal vs distal threatening vocal signals by the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although we found that the inferior parietal and superior temporal cortex of human listeners generally decoded the spatial proximity of auditory vocalizations, activity in the right voice-sensitive auditory cortex was specifically enhanced for proximal aggressive relative to distal aggressive voices as compared with neutral voices. Our results shed new light on the processing of imminent danger signaled by proximal vocal threat and show the crucial involvement of the right mid voice-sensitive auditory cortex in such processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ceravolo
- Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Lab, Department of Psychology, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland and
| | - Sascha Frühholz
- Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Lab, Department of Psychology, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland and Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Didier Grandjean
- Neuroscience of Emotion and Affective Dynamics Lab, Department of Psychology, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland and
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29
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Murata A, Wen W, Asama H. The body and objects represented in the ventral stream of the parieto-premotor network. Neurosci Res 2015; 104:4-15. [PMID: 26562332 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The network between the parietal cortex and premotor cortex has a pivotal role in sensory-motor control. Grasping-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (AIP) and the ventral premotor cortex (F5) showed complementary properties each other. The object information for grasping is sent from the parietal cortex to the premotor cortex for sensory-motor transformation, and the backward signal from the premotor cortex to parietal cortex can be considered an efference copy/corollary discharge that is used to predict sensory outcome during motor behavior. Mirror neurons that represent both own action and other's action are involved in this system. This system also very well fits with body schema that reflects online state of the body during motor execution. We speculate that the parieto-premotor network, which includes the mirror neuron system, is key for mapping one's own body and the bodies of others. This means that the neuronal substrates that control one's own action and the mirror neuron system are shared with the "who" system, which is related to the recognition of action contribution, i.e., sense of agency. Representation of own and other's body in the parieto-premotor network is key to link between sensory-motor control and higher-order cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murata
- Department of Physiology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osaka-sayama, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Hajime Asama
- Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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30
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Blanke O, Slater M, Serino A. Behavioral, Neural, and Computational Principles of Bodily Self-Consciousness. Neuron 2015; 88:145-66. [PMID: 26447578 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Geneva, 24 rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mel Slater
- ICREA-University of Barcelona, Campus de Mundet, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Computer Science, University College London, Malet Place Engineering Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrea Serino
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland.
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31
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Colon E, Legrain V, Huang G, Mouraux A. Frequency tagging of steady-state evoked potentials to explore the crossmodal links in spatial attention between vision and touch. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:1498-510. [PMID: 26329531 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sustained periodic modulation of a stimulus induces an entrainment of cortical neurons responding to the stimulus, appearing as a steady-state evoked potential (SS-EP) in the EEG frequency spectrum. Here, we used frequency tagging of SS-EPs to study the crossmodal links in spatial attention between touch and vision. We hypothesized that a visual stimulus approaching the left or right hand orients spatial attention toward the approached hand, and thereby enhances the processing of vibrotactile input originating from that hand. Twenty-five subjects took part in the experiment: 16-s trains of vibrotactile stimuli (4.2 and 7.2 Hz) were applied simultaneously to the left and right hand, concomitantly with a punctate visual stimulus blinking at 9.8 Hz. The visual stimulus was approached toward the left or right hand. The hands were either uncrossed (left and right hands to the left and right of the participant) or crossed (left and right hands to the right and left of the participant). The vibrotactile stimuli elicited two distinct SS-EPs with scalp topographies compatible with activity in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex. The visual stimulus elicited a third SS-EP with a topography compatible with activity in visual areas. When the visual stimulus was over one of the hands, the amplitude of the vibrotactile SS-EP elicited by stimulation of that hand was enhanced, regardless of whether the hands were uncrossed or crossed. This demonstrates a crossmodal effect of spatial attention between vision and touch, integrating proprioceptive and/or visual information to map the position of the limbs in external space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Colon
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valéry Legrain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gan Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - André Mouraux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Kaas JH, Stepniewska I. Evolution of posterior parietal cortex and parietal-frontal networks for specific actions in primates. J Comp Neurol 2015; 524:595-608. [PMID: 26101180 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is an extensive region of the human brain that develops relatively late and is proportionally large compared with that of monkeys and prosimian primates. Our ongoing comparative studies have led to several conclusions about the evolution of this posterior parietal region. In early placental mammals, PPC likely was a small multisensory region much like PPC of extant rodents and tree shrews. In early primates, PPC likely resembled that of prosimian galagos, in which caudal PPC (PPCc) is visual and rostral PPC (PPCr) has eight or more multisensory domains where electrical stimulation evokes different complex motor behaviors, including reaching, hand-to-mouth, looking, protecting the face or body, and grasping. These evoked behaviors depend on connections with functionally matched domains in premotor cortex (PMC) and motor cortex (M1). Domains in each region compete with each other, and a serial arrangement of domains allows different factors to influence motor outcomes successively. Similar arrangements of domains have been retained in New and Old World monkeys, and humans appear to have at least some of these domains. The great expansion and prolonged development of PPC in humans suggest the addition of functionally distinct territories. We propose that, across primates, PMC and M1 domains are second and third levels in a number of parallel, interacting networks for mediating and selecting one type of action over others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon H Kaas
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37240
| | - Iwona Stepniewska
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37240
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33
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Uesaki M, Ashida H. Optic-flow selective cortical sensory regions associated with self-reported states of vection. Front Psychol 2015; 6:775. [PMID: 26106350 PMCID: PMC4459088 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic flow is one of the most important visual cues to the estimation of self-motion. It has repeatedly been demonstrated that a cortical network including visual, multisensory, and vestibular areas is implicated in processing optic flow; namely, visual areas middle temporal cortex (MT+), V6; multisensory areas ventral intra-parietal area (VIP), cingulate sulcus visual area, precuneus motion area (PcM); and vestibular areas parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) and putative area 2v (p2v). However, few studies have investigated the roles of and interaction between the optic-flow selective sensory areas within the context of self-motion perception. When visual information (i.e., optic flow) is the sole cue to computing self-motion parameters, the discrepancy amongst the sensory signals may induce an illusion of self-motion referred to as ‘vection.’ This study aimed to identify optic-flow selective sensory areas that are involved in the processing of visual cues to self-motion, by introducing vection as an index and assessing activation in which of those areas reflect vection, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results showed that activity in visual areas MT+ and V6, multisensory area VIP and vestibular area PIVC was significantly greater while participants were experiencing vection, as compared to when they were experiencing no vection, which may indicate that activation in MT+, V6, VIP, and PIVC reflects vection. The results also place VIP in a good position to integrate visual cues related to self-motion and vestibular information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Uesaki
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ashida
- Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Letters, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
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34
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Cléry J, Guipponi O, Wardak C, Ben Hamed S. Neuronal bases of peripersonal and extrapersonal spaces, their plasticity and their dynamics: Knowns and unknowns. Neuropsychologia 2015; 70:313-26. [PMID: 25447371 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Cléry
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, UMR5229, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 67 Boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Olivier Guipponi
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, UMR5229, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 67 Boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Claire Wardak
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, UMR5229, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 67 Boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron, France
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, UMR5229, CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 67 Boulevard Pinel, 69675 Bron, France.
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Sclafani V, Simpson EA, Suomi SJ, Ferrari PF. Development of space perception in relation to the maturation of the motor system in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Neuropsychologia 2015; 70:429-41. [PMID: 25486636 PMCID: PMC5100747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To act on the environment, organisms must perceive object locations in relation to their body. Several neuroscientific studies provide evidence of neural circuits that selectively represent space within reach (i.e., peripersonal) and space outside of reach (i.e., extrapersonal). However, the developmental emergence of these space representations remains largely unexplored. We investigated the development of space coding in infant macaques and found that they exhibit different motor strategies and hand configurations depending on the objects' size and location. Reaching-grasping improved from 2 to 4 weeks of age, suggesting a broadly defined perceptual body schema at birth, modified by the acquisition and refinement of motor skills through early sensorimotor experience, enabling the development of a mature capacity for coding space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sclafani
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, Via Volturno 39 - 43100 Parma, Italy.
| | - Elizabeth A Simpson
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, Via Volturno 39 - 43100 Parma, Italy; Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, Poolesville, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Suomi
- Eunice Kennedy Shiver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, Poolesville, MD, USA
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Limanowski J, Blankenburg F. Network activity underlying the illusory self-attribution of a dummy arm. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:2284-304. [PMID: 25708317 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging has demonstrated that the illusory self-attribution of body parts engages frontal and intraparietal brain areas, and recent evidence further suggests an involvement of visual body-selective regions in the occipitotemporal cortex. However, little is known about the principles of information exchange within this network. Here, using automated congruent versus incongruent visuotactile stimulation of distinct anatomical locations on the participant's right arm and a realistic dummy counterpart in an fMRI scanner, we induced an illusory self-attribution of the dummy arm. The illusion consistently activated a left-hemispheric network comprising ventral premotor cortex (PMv), intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and body-selective regions of the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOC). Importantly, during the illusion, the functional coupling of the PMv and the IPS with the LOC increased substantially, and dynamic causal modeling revealed a significant enhancement of connections from the LOC and the secondary somatosensory cortex to the IPS. These results comply with the idea that the brain's inference mechanisms rely on the hierarchical propagation of prediction error. During illusory self-attribution, unpredicted ambiguous sensory input about one's body configuration may result in the generation of such prediction errors in visual and somatosensory areas, which may be conveyed to parietal integrative areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Limanowski
- Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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37
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TERAMOTO W, KAKUYA T. Visuotactile Peripersonal Space in Healthy Humans: Evidence from Crossmodal Congruency and Redundant Target Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4036/iis.2015.a.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru TERAMOTO
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Kumamoto University
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology
| | - Tomoaki KAKUYA
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology
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38
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Della-Justina HM, Gamba HR, Lukasova K, Nucci-da-Silva MP, Winkler AM, Amaro E. Interaction of brain areas of visual and vestibular simultaneous activity with fMRI. Exp Brain Res 2014; 233:237-52. [PMID: 25300959 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Static body equilibrium is an essential requisite for human daily life. It is known that visual and vestibular systems must work together to support equilibrium. However, the relationship between these two systems is not fully understood. In this work, we present the results of a study which identify the interaction of brain areas that are involved with concurrent visual and vestibular inputs. The visual and the vestibular systems were individually and simultaneously stimulated, using flickering checkerboard (without movement stimulus) and galvanic current, during experiments of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-four right-handed and non-symptomatic subjects participated in this study. Single visual stimulation shows positive blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses (PBR) in the primary and associative visual cortices. Single vestibular stimulation shows PBR in the parieto-insular vestibular cortex, inferior parietal lobe, superior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus and lobules V and VI of the cerebellar hemisphere. Simultaneous stimulation shows PBR in the middle and inferior frontal gyri and in the precentral gyrus. Vestibular- and somatosensory-related areas show negative BOLD responses (NBR) during simultaneous stimulation. NBR areas were also observed in the calcarine gyrus, lingual gyrus, cuneus and precuneus during simultaneous and single visual stimulations. For static visual and galvanic vestibular simultaneous stimulation, the reciprocal inhibitory visual-vestibular interaction pattern is observed in our results. The experimental results revealed interactions in frontal areas during concurrent visual-vestibular stimuli, which are affected by intermodal association areas in occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen M Della-Justina
- Graduate Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology-Parana, Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165, Curitiba, PR, 80230-901, Brazil,
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39
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Fang T, Yan R, Fang F. Spontaneous out-of-body experience in a child with refractory right temporoparietal epilepsy. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2014; 14:396-9. [PMID: 25062304 DOI: 10.3171/2014.6.peds13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the case of a spontaneous out-of-body experience (OBE) in a 15-year-old right-handed boy with intractable epilepsy in whom psychosis had been misdiagnosed. After successful resection of a right temporoparietal focal cortical dysplasia, the OBE and seizures resolved. The authors analyzed the underlying causes of the OBE and discussed the mechanism of the OBE caused by an epileptic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Fang
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University
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40
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Chakravarthi R, Carlson TA, Chaffin J, Turret J, VanRullen R. The temporal evolution of coarse location coding of objects: evidence for feedback. J Cogn Neurosci 2014; 26:2370-84. [PMID: 24738769 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objects occupy space. How does the brain represent the spatial location of objects? Retinotopic early visual cortex has precise location information but can only segment simple objects. On the other hand, higher visual areas can resolve complex objects but only have coarse location information. Thus coarse location of complex objects might be represented by either (a) feedback from higher areas to early retinotopic areas or (b) coarse position encoding in higher areas. We tested these alternatives by presenting various kinds of first- (edge-defined) and second-order (texture) objects. We applied multivariate classifiers to the pattern of EEG amplitudes across the scalp at a range of time points to trace the temporal dynamics of coarse location representation. For edge-defined objects, peak classification performance was high and early and thus attributable to the retinotopic layout of early visual cortex. For texture objects, it was low and late. Crucially, despite these differences in peak performance and timing, training a classifier on one object and testing it on others revealed that the topography at peak performance was the same for both first- and second-order objects. That is, the same location information, encoded by early visual areas, was available for both edge-defined and texture objects at different time points. These results indicate that locations of complex objects such as textures, although not represented in the bottom-up sweep, are encoded later by neural patterns resembling the bottom-up ones. We conclude that feedback mechanisms play an important role in coarse location representation of complex objects.
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41
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Ehinger BV, Fischer P, Gert AL, Kaufhold L, Weber F, Pipa G, König P. Kinesthetic and vestibular information modulate alpha activity during spatial navigation: a mobile EEG study. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:71. [PMID: 24616681 PMCID: PMC3934489 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In everyday life, spatial navigation involving locomotion provides congruent visual, vestibular, and kinesthetic information that need to be integrated. Yet, previous studies on human brain activity during navigation focus on stationary setups, neglecting vestibular and kinesthetic feedback. The aim of our work is to uncover the influence of those sensory modalities on cortical processing. We developed a fully immersive virtual reality setup combined with high-density mobile electroencephalography (EEG). Participants traversed one leg of a triangle, turned on the spot, continued along the second leg, and finally indicated the location of their starting position. Vestibular and kinesthetic information was provided either in combination, as isolated sources of information, or not at all within a 2 × 2 full factorial intra-subjects design. EEG data were processed by clustering independent components, and time-frequency spectrograms were calculated. In parietal, occipital, and temporal clusters, we detected alpha suppression during the turning movement, which is associated with a heightened demand of visuo-attentional processing and closely resembles results reported in previous stationary studies. This decrease is present in all conditions and therefore seems to generalize to more natural settings. Yet, in incongruent conditions, when different sensory modalities did not match, the decrease is significantly stronger. Additionally, in more anterior areas we found that providing only vestibular but no kinesthetic information results in alpha increase. These observations demonstrate that stationary experiments omit important aspects of sensory feedback. Therefore, it is important to develop more natural experimental settings in order to capture a more complete picture of neural correlates of spatial navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt V Ehinger
- Neurobiopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Petra Fischer
- Neurobiopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Anna L Gert
- Neurobiopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Lilli Kaufhold
- Neurobiopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Felix Weber
- Neurobiopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gordon Pipa
- Neuroinformatics, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Neurobiopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück Osnabrück, Germany ; Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany
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42
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Body representations and brain damage. Neurophysiol Clin 2014; 44:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2013.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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43
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Festman Y, Adam JJ, Pratt J, Fischer MH. Both hand position and movement direction modulate visual attention. Front Psychol 2013; 4:657. [PMID: 24098288 PMCID: PMC3787593 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study explored effects of continuous hand motion on the allocation of visual attention. A concurrent paradigm was used to combine visually concealed continuous hand movements with an attentionally demanding letter discrimination task. The letter probe appeared contingent upon the moving right hand passing through one of six positions. Discrimination responses were then collected via a keyboard press with the static left hand. Both the right hand's position and its movement direction systematically contributed to participants' visual sensitivity. Discrimination performance increased substantially when the right hand was distant from, but moving toward the visual probe location (replicating the far-hand effect, Festman et al., 2013). However, this effect disappeared when the probe appeared close to the static left hand, supporting the view that static and dynamic features of both hands combine in modulating pragmatic maps of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yariv Festman
- Division of Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany
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44
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Tark KJ, Curtis CE. Deciding where to look based on visual, auditory, and semantic information. Brain Res 2013; 1525:26-38. [PMID: 23769862 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the dorsal frontal and parietal cortex are thought to transform incoming visual signals into the spatial goals of saccades, a process known as target selection. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test how target selection may generalize beyond visual transformations when auditory and semantic information is used for selection. We compared activity in the frontal and parietal cortex when subjects made visually, aurally, and semantically guided saccades to one of four differently colored dots. Selection was based on a visual cue (i.e., one of the dots blinked), an auditory cue (i.e., a white noise burst was emitted at one of the dots' location), or a semantic cue (i.e., the color of one of the dots was spoken). Although neural responses in frontal and parietal cortex were robust, they were non-specific with regard to the type of information used for target selection. Decoders, however, trained on the patterns of activity in the intraparietal sulcus could classify both the type of cue used for target selection and the direction of the saccade. Therefore, we find evidence that the posterior parietal cortex is involved in transforming multimodal inputs into general spatial representations that can be used to guide saccades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Jin Tark
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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45
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Moore CI, Crosier E, Greve DN, Savoy R, Merzenich MM, Dale AM. Neocortical correlates of vibrotactile detection in humans. J Cogn Neurosci 2013. [PMID: 23198890 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the cortical representation of vibrotactile detection in humans using event-related fMRI paired with psychophysics. Suprathreshold vibrotactile stimulation activated several areas, including primary (SI) and second somatosensory cortices (SII/PV). For threshold-level stimuli, poststimulus activity in contralateral and ipsilateral SII/PV was the best correlate of detection success. In these areas, evoked signals on hit trials were significantly greater than on missed trials in all participants, and the relative activity level across stimulation amplitudes matched perceptual performance. Activity in the anterior insula and superior temporal gyrus also correlated with hits and misses, suggesting that a "ventral stream" of somatosensory representations may play a crucial role in detection. In contrast, poststimulus activity in Area SI was not well correlated with perception and showed an overall negative response profile for threshold-level stimulation. A different correlate of detection success was, however, observed in SI. Activity in this representation immediately before stimulus onset predicted performance, a finding that was unique to SI. These findings emphasize the potential role of SII/PV in detection, the importance of state dynamics in SI for perception, and the possibility that changes in the temporal and spatial pattern of SI activity may be essential to the optimal representation of threshold-level stimuli for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I Moore
- Neuroscience Department, Brown University, 165 Meeting Street, Box G-LN, Providence, RI 02860, USA.
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46
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Weisz N, Müller N, Jatzev S, Bertrand O. Oscillatory alpha modulations in right auditory regions reflect the validity of acoustic cues in an auditory spatial attention task. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:2579-90. [PMID: 23645711 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticipation of targets in the left or right hemifield leads to alpha modulations in posterior brain areas. Recently using magnetoencephalography, we showed increased right auditory alpha activity when attention was cued ipsilaterally. Here, we investigated the issue how cue validity itself influences oscillatory alpha activity. Acoustic cues were presented either to the right or left ear, followed by a compound dichotically presented target plus distractor. The preceding cue was either informative (75% validity) or uninformative (50%) about the location of the upcoming target. Cue validity × side-related alpha modulations were identified in pre- and posttarget periods in a right lateralized network, comprising auditory and nonauditory regions. This replicates and extends our previous finding of the right hemispheric dominance of auditory attentional modulations. Importantly, effective connectivity analysis showed that, in the pretarget period, this effect is accompanied by a pronounced and time-varying connectivity pattern of the right auditory cortex to the right intraparietal sulcus (IPS), with influence of IPS on superior temporal gyrus dominating at earlier intervals of the cue-target period. Our study underlines the assumption that alpha oscillations may play a similar functional role in auditory cortical regions as reported in other sensory modalities and suggests that these effects may be mediated via IPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Weisz
- Department of Cognitive Science and Education, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, Trento University, Trento, Italy
| | - Nadia Müller
- Department of Cognitive Science and Education, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, Trento University, Trento, Italy
| | - Sabine Jatzev
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany and
| | - Olivier Bertrand
- Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon-Bron, France
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47
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Ferrè ER, Bottini G, Iannetti GD, Haggard P. The balance of feelings: Vestibular modulation of bodily sensations. Cortex 2013; 49:748-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Continuous hand movement induces a far-hand bias in attentional priority. Atten Percept Psychophys 2013; 75:644-9. [DOI: 10.3758/s13414-013-0430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Gilissen EP, Hopkins WD. Asymmetries of the parietal operculum in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in relation to handedness for tool use. Cereb Cortex 2013; 23:411-22. [PMID: 22368087 PMCID: PMC3539455 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A left larger than right planum temporale (PT) is a neuroanatomical asymmetry common to both humans and chimpanzees. A similar asymmetry was observed in the human parietal operculum (PO), and the convergence of PT and PO asymmetries is strongly associated with right-handedness. Here, we assessed whether this combination also exists in common chimpanzees. Magnetic resonance scans were obtained in 83 captive subjects. PT was quantified following procedures previously employed and PO was defined as the maximal linear distance between the end point of the sylvian fissure and the central sulcus. Handedness was assessed using 2 tasks that were designed to simulate termite fishing of wild chimpanzees and to elicit bimanual coordination without tool use. Chimpanzees showed population-level leftward asymmetries for both PT and PO. As in humans, these leftward asymmetries were not correlated. Handedness for tool use but not for nontool use motor actions mediated the expression of asymmetries in PT and PO, with right-handed apes showing more pronounced leftward asymmetries. Consistent PT and PO asymmetry combinations were observed in chimpanzees. The proportions of individuals showing these combinations were comparable in humans and chimpanzees; however, interaction between handedness and patterns of combined PO and PT asymmetries differed between the 2 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel P Gilissen
- Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium.
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Multisensory Interactions during Motion Perception. Front Neurosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1201/9781439812174-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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