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Mandil R, Prakash A, Rahal A, Koli S, Kumar R, Garg SK. Evaluation of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper and flubendiamide: amelioration by antioxidants in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:232-252. [PMID: 37125329 PMCID: PMC10141782 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Present study was designed to evaluate toxic effects of copper (Cu) (@ 33 mg/kg b.wt.) and flubendimide (Flb) (@ 200 mg/kg b.wt.) alone and/or in combination on blood-biochemical indices, oxidative stress, and drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in vivo in male Wistar rats following oral exposure continuously for 90 days and their immunotoxic (cyto-genotoxic and apoptotic) potential in vitro on thymocytes. In in vivo study, ameliorative potential of α-tocopherol was assessed, whereas α-tocopherol, curcumin, resveratrol, and catechin were evaluated for protective effect in vitro. Significantly (P < 0.05) increased AST activity and increment in total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, and BUN levels; however, reduction in total protein, GSH content, reduced activities of SOD and GST, and increased lipid peroxidation and GPx activity with severe degenerative changes in histopathological examination of liver and kidney in group of Cu and Flb were observed. Treatment with α-tocopherol improved biochemical variables, redox status, and histoarchitecture of liver and kidney tissues. Reduced hepatic CYP450, CYPb5, APH, UGT, and GST activities observed in both Cu and α-tocopherol alone and their combination groups, whereas significant increment in Flb alone, while α-tocopherol in combination with xenobiotics improved the activities of hepatic DMEs. Primary cell culture of thymocytes (106 cells/ml) exposed to Cu and Flb each @ 40 μM increased TUNEL+ve cells, micronuclei induction, DNA shearing, and comet formation establishes their apoptotic and genotoxic potential, whereas treatment with antioxidants showed concentration-dependent significant reduction and their order of potency on equimolar concentration (10 μM) basis is: curcumin > resveratrol > catechin = α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Mandil
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Atul Prakash
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Anu Rahal
- Central Institute for Research on Goat (CIRG), Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura 281122, India
| | - Swati Koli
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidyalay Evam Go- Anushandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Near Civil Line, Mathura 281001, India
| | - Satish K Garg
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, India
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González-Morales M, Rodríguez-González MÁ, Fernández-Pozo L. Status of Ecosystem Services in Abandoned Mining Areas in the Iberian Peninsula: Management Proposal. TOXICS 2023; 11:275. [PMID: 36977040 PMCID: PMC10051972 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An abandoned sphalerite mining area in the southwest (SW) of the Iberian Peninsula was studied to evaluate the impact that the presence of metal(loid)s has on soil and ecosystem health. Five zones were delimited: sludge, dump, scrubland, riparian zone, and dehesa. Critical total levels of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), thallium (Tl), and chromium (Cr), well above the limit indicative of toxicity problems, were found in the areas close to the sources of contamination. Pb-Zn concentrations were very high in the riparian zone, reaching values of 5875 mg/kg Pb and 4570 mg/kg Zn. The whole area is classifiable as extremely contaminated with Tl, with concentrations above 370 mg/kg in the scrubland. Cr accumulation mainly occurred in areas away from the dump, with levels up to 240 mg/kg in the dehesa. In the study area, several plants were found growing luxuriantly despite the contamination. The measured metal(loid)s content is the cause of a significant decrease in ecosystem services, resulting in unsafe soils for food and water production, so the implementation of a decontamination program is advisable. The plant species Retama sphaerocarpa, present in the sludge, scrubland, riparian zone, and dehesa, is postulated as suitable for use in phytoremediation.
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Bramatti I, Matos B, Figueiredo N, Pousão-Ferreira P, Branco V, Martins M. Interaction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon compounds in fish primary hepatocytes: From molecular mechanisms to genotoxic effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158783. [PMID: 36116656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent pollutants normally found in the environment as complex mixtures. Although several individual PAHs are classified as mutagenic and carcinogenic pollutants, the interaction effects between compounds in a mixture may trigger different toxicological mechanisms and, consequently, yield different effects to organisms which are not accounted for in risk assessment guidelines. Given the ubiquity of PAHs, understanding the mechanistic features of their mixtures is a pressing research need. Therefore, the present work aimed to disclose the interaction effects of three PAHs with different carcinogenic potential and chemical structure, in primary hepatocyte cells of gilt-headed seabreams (Sparus aurata). Hepatocytes were exposed to Phenanthrene (Phe), Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and Benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F) and their mixtures at different proportions and several cellular responses were analyzed: cellular viability, CYP1A1 activity (EROD assay) and protein expression level (Western blot); transcript (mRNA) levels of CYP1A1, EPXH1 and GST-3 (qRT-PCR); genotoxic effects (DNA strand breakage) by the Comet assay. Results show that B[a]P induced CYP1A1 gene and protein expression increasing its activity and, therefore, increasing the production of metabolites that trigger genotoxic DNA damage (%). Most importantly, mixtures containing Phe and B[a]P increased even further CYP1A1 mRNA levels and DNA damage (up to 70 %) which suggests that, although Phe is considered a non-carcinogenic PAH, it potentiates CYP1A1 synthesis induced by B[a]P, increasing its genotoxicity. These findings indicate that the upregulation of CYP1A1 by carcinogenic PAHs will not weaken even when in mixtures with non-carcinogenic PAHs. On contrary, non-carcinogenic PAHs may potentiate the genotoxic effect of carcinogenic PAH and therefore mixture composition should be taken in account when assessing PAH toxicity. In fact, our results point to the need of redefining Environmental Risk Assessment protocols for mixtures of carcinogenic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bramatti
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Matos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Neusa Figueiredo
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- IPMA, I.P. - Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - Vasco Branco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Marta Martins
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Sciences and Environmental Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Canlas J, Myers AL. Interactions of Betel Quid Constituents with Drug Disposition Pathways: An Overview. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:92-105. [PMID: 36852799 PMCID: PMC11271041 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230228142052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Global estimates indicate that over 600 million individuals worldwide consume the areca (betel) nut in some form. Nonetheless, its consumption is associated with a myriad of oral and systemic ailments, such as precancerous oral lesions, oropharyngeal cancers, liver toxicity and hepatic carcinoma, cardiovascular distress, and addiction. Users commonly chew slivers of areca nut in a complex consumable preparation called betel quid (BQ). Consequently, the user is exposed to a wide array of chemicals with diverse pharmacokinetic behavior in the body. However, a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic pathways significant to BQ chemicals is lacking. Henceforth, we performed a literature search to identify prominent BQ constituents and examine each chemical's interplay with drug disposition proteins. In total, we uncovered over 20 major chemicals (e.g., arecoline, nicotine, menthol, quercetin, tannic acid) present in the BQ mixture that were substrates, inhibitors, and/or inducers of various phase I (e.g., CYP, FMO, hydrolases) and phase II (e.g., GST, UGT, SULT) drug metabolizing enzymes, along with several transporters (e.g., P-gp, BCRP, MRP). Altogether, over 80 potential interactivities were found. Utilizing this new information, we generated theoretical predictions of drug interactions precipitated by BQ consumption. Data suggests that BQ consumers are at risk for drug interactions (and possible adverse effects) when co-ingesting other substances (multiple therapeutic classes) with overlapping elimination mechanisms. Until now, prediction about interactions is not widely known among BQ consumers and their clinicians. Further research is necessary based on our speculations to elucidate the biological ramifications of specific BQ-induced interactions and to take measures that improve the health of BQ consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Canlas
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Alan L. Myers
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
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Wang Z. Mechanisms of the synergistic lung tumorigenic effect of arsenic and benzo(a)pyrene combined- exposure. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:156-162. [PMID: 33971262 PMCID: PMC9000133 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Humans are often exposed to mixtures of environmental pollutants especially environmental chemical carcinogens, representing a significant environmental health issue. However, our understanding on the carcinogenic effects and mechanisms of environmental carcinogen mixture exposures is limited and mostly relies on the findings from studying individual chemical carcinogens. Both arsenic and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are among the most common environmental carcinogens causing lung cancer and other types of cancer in humans. Millions of people are exposed to arsenic via consuming arsenic-contaminated drinking water and even more people are exposed to BaP via cigarette smoking and consuming BaP-contaminated food. Thus arsenic and BaP combined-exposure in humans is common. Previous epidemiology studies indicated that arsenic-exposed people who were cigarette smokers had significantly higher lung cancer risk than those who were non-smokers. Since BaP is one of the major carcinogens in cigarette smoke, it has been speculated that arsenic and BaP combined-exposure may play important roles in the increased lung cancer risk observed in arsenic-exposed cigarette smokers. In this review, we summarize important findings and inconsistencies about the co-carcinogenic effects and underlying mechanisms of arsenic and BaP combined-exposure and propose new areas for future studies. A clear understanding on the mechanism of co-carcinogenic effects of arsenic and BaP combined exposure may identify novel targets to more efficiently treat and prevent lung cancer resulting from arsenic and BaP combined-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishan Wang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA.
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El-Ghiaty MA, El-Kadi AO. Arsenic: Various species with different effects on cytochrome P450 regulation in humans. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1184-1242. [PMID: 34512225 PMCID: PMC8419240 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is well-recognized as one of the most hazardous elements which is characterized by its omnipresence throughout the environment in various chemical forms. From the simple inorganic arsenite (iAsIII) and arsenate (iAsV) molecules, a multitude of more complex organic species are biologically produced through a process of metabolic transformation with biomethylation being the core of this process. Because of their differential toxicity, speciation of arsenic-based compounds is necessary for assessing health risks posed by exposure to individual species or co-exposure to several species. In this regard, exposure assessment is another pivotal factor that includes identification of the potential sources as well as routes of exposure. Identification of arsenic impact on different physiological organ systems, through understanding its behavior in the human body that leads to homeostatic derangements, is the key for developing strategies to mitigate its toxicity. Metabolic machinery is one of the sophisticated body systems targeted by arsenic. The prominent role of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) in the metabolism of both endobiotics and xenobiotics necessitates paying a great deal of attention to the possible effects of arsenic compounds on this superfamily of enzymes. Here we highlight the toxicologically relevant arsenic species with a detailed description of the different environmental sources as well as the possible routes of human exposure to these species. We also summarize the reported findings of experimental investigations evaluating the influence of various arsenicals on different members of CYP superfamily using human-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. El-Ghiaty
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O.S. El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Zheng Y, Wen X, Bian J, Lipkind H, Hu H. Associations between the chemical composition of PM 2.5 and gestational diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:110470. [PMID: 33217440 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a complex mixture of fine particulates with large spatiotemporal heterogeneities in chemical compositions. While PM2.5 has been associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), little is known about the relationship between specific chemical components of PM2.5 and GDM. We examined the associations between GDM and pregnancy exposures to PM2.5 and its compositions, including sulfate (SO42-), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), mineral dust (DUST), and sea-salt (SS), and to identify critical windows of exposure. METHODS We used data from the 2005-2015 Florida Vital Statistics Birth Records. A well-validated geoscience-derived model was used to estimate women's pregnancy exposures to PM2.5 and its compositions. Distributed lag models were used to examine the associations and to identify the critical windows of exposure. RESULTS A total of 2,078,669 women were included. In single-pollutant models, after controlling for potential confounders, positive associations between PM2.5 and GDM were observed during the second trimester of pregnancy. We found positive associations between SO42-, NH4+, NO3-, OM and BC, with largest effect sizes observed in the 21-24 weeks of pregnancy. Negative associations were observed for DUST and SS. Consistent results for NH4+, OM, DUST and SS were observed in the multi-pollutant models. CONCLUSIONS Exposures to PM2.5 and its compositions (mainly NH4+, OM) during the second trimester are positively associated with GDM, especially for exposures during the 21-24 weeks of pregnancy. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings and examine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Heather Lipkind
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Wang Z, Yang P, Xie J, Lin HP, Kumagai K, Harkema J, Yang C. Arsenic and benzo[a]pyrene co-exposure acts synergistically in inducing cancer stem cell-like property and tumorigenesis by epigenetically down-regulating SOCS3 expression. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105560. [PMID: 32062438 PMCID: PMC7099608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are among the most common environmental carcinogens causing lung cancer. Millions of people are exposed to arsenic through consuming arsenic-contaminated drinking water. High levels of BaP are found in well-done barbecued meat and other food in addition to cigarette smoke. Hence, arsenic and BaP co-exposure in humans is common. However, the combined health effect and the underlying mechanism of arsenic and BaP co-exposure have not been well-understood. In this study we investigate the combined tumorigenic effect of arsenic and BaP co-exposure and the mechanism using both cell culture and mouse models. It was found that arsenic (sodium arsenite, 1.0 µM) and BaP (2.5 µM) co-exposure for 30 weeks synergizes in inducing malignant transformation of immortalized non-tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cells and cancer stem cell (CSC)-like property to enhance their tumorigenicity. In animal studies, A/J mice were exposed to arsenic in drinking water (sodium arsenite, 20 ppm) starting from gestation day 18. After birth, the dams continuously received arsenic water throughout lactation. At weaning (3 weeks of age), male offspring were exposed to either arsenic alone via drinking the same arsenic water or exposed to arsenic plus BaP. BaP was administered via oral gavage (3 µmol per mouse per week) once a week starting from 3 weeks of age for 8 weeks. All mice were euthanized 34-weeks after the first BaP exposure. It was found that mice in control and arsenic exposure alone group did not develop lung tumors. All mice in BaP exposure alone group developed lung adenomas. However, arsenic and BaP co-exposure synergized in increasing lung tumor multiplicity and tumor burden. Furthermore, 30% of mice in arsenic and BaP co-exposure group also developed lung adenocarcinomas. Mechanistic studies revealed that arsenic and BaP co-exposure does not produce more BPDE-DNA adducts than BaP exposure alone; but acts synergistically in activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to up-regulate the expression of a histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase SUV39H1 and increase the level of suppressive H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), which down-regulates the expression of tumor suppressive SOCS3 leading to enhanced activation of Akt and Erk1/2 to promote cell transformation, CSC-like property and tumorigenesis. Together, these findings suggest that arsenic and BaP co-exposure synergizes in causing epigenetic dysregulation to enhance cell transformation, CSC-like property and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishan Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hsuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Kumagai
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jack Harkema
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Xu EG, Lin N, Cheong RS, Ridsdale C, Tahara R, Du TY, Das D, Zhu J, Peña Silva L, Azimzada A, Larsson HCE, Tufenkji N. Artificial turf infill associated with systematic toxicity in an amniote vertebrate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25156-25161. [PMID: 31767765 PMCID: PMC6911194 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909886116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial athletic turf containing crumb rubber (CR) from shredded tires is a growing environmental and public health concern. However, the associated health risk is unknown due to the lack of toxicity data for higher vertebrates. We evaluated the toxic effects of CR in a developing amniote vertebrate embryo. CR water leachate was administered to fertilized chicken eggs via different exposure routes, i.e., coating by dropping CR leachate on the eggshell; dipping the eggs into CR leachate; microinjecting CR leachate into the air cell or yolk. After 3 or 7 d of incubation, embryonic morphology, organ development, physiology, and molecular pathways were measured. The results showed that CR leachate injected into the yolk caused mild to severe developmental malformations, reduced growth, and specifically impaired the development of the brain and cardiovascular system, which were associated with gene dysregulation in aryl hydrocarbon receptor, stress-response, and thyroid hormone pathways. The observed systematic effects were probably due to a complex mixture of toxic chemicals leaching from CR, such as metals (e.g., Zn, Cr, Pb) and amines (e.g., benzothiazole). This study points to a need to closely examine the potential regulation of the use of CR on playgrounds and artificial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Nicholas Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Rachel S Cheong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
| | | | - Rui Tahara
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Trina Y Du
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Dharani Das
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Laura Peña Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Agil Azimzada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hans C E Larsson
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C4, Canada;
| | - Nathalie Tufenkji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada;
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Ye W, Chen R, Chen X, Huang B, Lin R, Xie X, Chen J, Jiang J, Deng Y, Wen J. AhR regulates the expression of human cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) by recruiting Sp1. FEBS J 2019; 286:4215-4231. [PMID: 31199573 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is abundant in the kidney, liver, and intestine and is involved in the phase I metabolism of numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds. Therefore, exploring the regulatory mechanism of its basal expression in humans is particularly important to understand the bioactivation of several procarcinogens to their carcinogenic derivatives. Site-specific mutagenesis and deletion of the transcription factor binding site determined the core cis-acting elements in the human CYP1A1 proximal and distal promoter regions. The proximal promoter region [overlapping xenobiotic-responsive element (XRE) and GC box sequences] determined the basal expression of CYP1A1. In human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) or specificity protein 1 (Sp1) knockdown, we confirmed that AhR and Sp1 are involved in basal CYP1A1 expression. In HepG2 cells overexpressing either AhR or Sp1, AhR determined the proximal transactivation of basal CYP1A1 expression. Via DNA affinity precipitation assays and ChIP, we found that AhR bound to the promoter and recruited Sp1 to transactivate CYP1A1 expression. The coordinated interaction between Sp1 and AhR was identified to be DNA mediated. Our work revealed a basal regulatory mechanism of an interesting human gene by which AhR interacts with Sp1 through DNA and recruits Sp1 to regulate basal CYP1A1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchu Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Boyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ruqin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Xuan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jiongjie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
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11
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Rendic SP, Guengerich FP. Development and Uses of Offline and Web-Searchable Metabolism Databases - The Case of Benzo[a]pyrene. Curr Drug Metab 2018; 19:3-46. [PMID: 29219051 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666171207123939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present work describes development of offline and web-searchable metabolism databases for drugs, other chemicals, and physiological compounds using human and model species, prompted by the large amount of data published after year 1990. The intent was to provide a rapid and accurate approach to published data to be applied both in science and to assist therapy. METHODS Searches for the data were done using the Pub Med database, accessing the Medline database of references and abstracts. In addition, data presented at scientific conferences (e.g., ISSX conferences) are included covering the publishing period beginning with the year 1976. RESULTS Application of the data is illustrated by the properties of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and its metabolites. Analysis show higher activity of P450 1A1 for activation of the (-)- isomer of trans-B[a]P-7,8-diol, while P4501B1 exerts higher activity for the (+)- isomer. P450 1A2 showed equally low activity in the metabolic activation of both isomers. CONCLUSION The information collected in the databases is applicable in prediction of metabolic drug-drug and/or drug-chemical interactions in clinical and environmental studies. The data on the metabolism of searched compound (exemplified by benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites) also indicate toxicological properties of the products of specific reactions. The offline and web-searchable databases had wide range of applications (e.g. computer assisted drug design and development, optimization of clinical therapy, toxicological applications) and adjustment in everyday life styles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick P Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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12
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Chen YY, Chan KM. Transcriptional inhibition of TCDD-mediated induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 and alteration of protein expression in a zebrafish hepatic cell line following the administration of TCDD and Cd 2. Toxicol Lett 2017; 282:121-135. [PMID: 29107029 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of Cd2+ on TCDD-mediated induction of the cytochrome P450 1A1 (cyp1a1) gene using a zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL). Our results showed that Cd2+ inhibited the TCDD-mediated induction of the cyp1a1 protein, enzyme activity, and mRNA expression level. Cd2+ also down-regulated levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr2) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2b (arnt2b) mRNAs. Compared with TCDD (3nM) treatment alone, co-treatment with Cd2+ (0-30μM) and TCDD (3nM) significantly inhibited the activity of the luciferase reporter gene constructs harboring the distal promoter region (P-2626/-2009) of CYP1A1 and the synthetic 3XRE gene promoter. This indicates that Cd2+ decreased the level of TCDD-induced cyp1a1 through transcriptional inhibition. Proteomic analysis was also used to evaluate the effect of Cd2+ on TCDD-altered protein expression in ZFL cells. The identified proteins are mainly enzymes of the glycolysis pathway and proteasomes, and have anti-oxidative and anti-stress effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chinese University, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - King Ming Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chinese University, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.
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13
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Induction of CYP1A1 increases gefitinib-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in A549 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 44:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Xue S, Shi L, Wu C, Wu H, Qin Y, Pan W, Hartley W, Cui M. Cadmium, lead, and arsenic contamination in paddy soils of a mining area and their exposure effects on human HEPG2 and keratinocyte cell-lines. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:23-30. [PMID: 28314151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A mining district in south China shows significant metal(loid) contamination in paddy fields. In the soils, average Pb, Cd and As concentrations were 460.1, 11.7 and 35.1mgkg-1 respectively, which were higher than the environmental quality standard for agricultural soils in China (GB15618-1995) and UK Clea Soil Guideline Value. The average contents of Pb, Cd and As in rice were 5.24, 1.1 and 0.7mgkg-1 respectively, which were about 25, 4.5 or 2.5 times greater than the limit values of the maximum safe contaminant concentration standard in food of China (GB 2762-2012), and about 25, 10 or 1 times greater than the limit values of FAO/WHO standard. The elevated contents of Pb, Cd and As detected in soils around the factories, indicated that their spatial distribution was influenced by anthropogenic activity, while greater concentrations of Cd in rice appeared in the northwest region of the factories, indicating that the spatial distribution of heavy metals was also affected by natural factors. As human exposure around mining districts is mainly through oral intake of food and dermal contact, the effects of these metals on the viability and MT protein of HepG2 and KERTr cells were investigated. The cell viability decreased with increasing metal concentrations. Co-exposure to heavy metals (Pb+Cd) increased the metals (Pb or Cd)-mediated MT protein induction in both human HepG2 and KERTr cells. Increased levels of MT protein will lead to greater risk of carcinogenic manifestations, and it is likely that chronic exposure to metals may increase the risk to human health. Nevertheless, when co-exposure to two or more metals occur (such as As+Pb), they may have an antagonistic effect thus reducing the toxic effects of each other. CAPSULE Metal contaminations in paddy soils and rice were influenced by anthropogenic activity; metal co-exposure induced MT protein in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengguo Xue
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lizheng Shi
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yanyan Qin
- Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weisong Pan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - William Hartley
- Crop and Environment Sciences Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - Mengqian Cui
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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15
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He S, Wang H, Liu R, He M, Che T, Jin L, Deng L, Tian S, Li Y, Lu H, Li X, Jiang Z, Li D, Li M. mRNA N6-methyladenosine methylation of postnatal liver development in pig. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173421. [PMID: 28267806 PMCID: PMC5340393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a ubiquitous reversible epigenetic RNA modification that plays an important role in the regulation of post-transcriptional protein coding gene expression. Liver is a vital organ and plays a major role in metabolism with numerous functions. Information concerning the dynamic patterns of mRNA m6A methylation during postnatal development of liver has been long overdue and elucidation of this information will benefit for further deciphering a multitude of functional outcomes of mRNA m6A methylation. Here, we profile transcriptome-wide m6A in porcine liver at three developmental stages: newborn (0 day), suckling (21 days) and adult (2 years). About 33% of transcribed genes were modified by m6A, with 1.33 to 1.42 m6A peaks per modified gene. m6A was distributed predominantly around stop codons. The consensus motif sequence RRm6ACH was observed in 78.90% of m6A peaks. A negative correlation (average Pearson's r = -0.45, P < 10-16) was found between levels of m6A methylation and gene expression. Functional enrichment analysis of genes consistently modified by m6A methylation at all three stages showed genes relevant to important functions, including regulation of growth and development, regulation of metabolic processes and protein catabolic processes. Genes with higher m6A methylation and lower expression levels at any particular stage were associated with the biological processes required for or unique to that stage. We suggest that differential m6A methylation may be important for the regulation of nutrient metabolism in porcine liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen He
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengnan He
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tiandong Che
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lamei Deng
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Tian
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfeng Lu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ML); (DL); (ZJ)
| | - Diyan Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (ML); (DL); (ZJ)
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (ML); (DL); (ZJ)
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16
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Elshenawy OH, Abdelhamid G, Soshilov AA, Denison MS, El-Kadi AO. Down-regulation of cytochrome P450 1A1 by monomethylarsonous acid in human HepG2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2017; 270:34-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Gaskins AJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Williams PL, Toth TL, Missmer SA, Chavarro JE. Pre-pregnancy caffeine and caffeinated beverage intake and risk of spontaneous abortion. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:107-117. [PMID: 27573467 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relation between pre-pregnancy caffeine and caffeinated beverage intake and risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB). METHODS Our prospective cohort study included 15,590 pregnancies from 11,072 women with no history of SAB in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2009). Beverage intake was assessed every 4 years using a validated questionnaire. Pregnancies were self-reported with case pregnancies lost spontaneously at <20 weeks gestation. Multivariable log-binomial regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the relative risks (RRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS There was a positive linear trend across categories of pre-pregnancy caffeine intake and risk of SAB such that women consuming >400 mg/day had 1.11 (95 % CI 0.98, 1.25) times the risk of SAB compared to women consuming <50 mg/day (p trend = 0.05). Total coffee intake had a positive, linear association with SAB. Compared to women with no pre-pregnancy coffee intake, women consuming ≥4 servings/day had a 20 % (6, 36 %) increased risk of SAB (p trend = 0.01). There was no difference in the association between caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee and risk of SAB. Pre-pregnancy intake of caffeinated tea, caffeinated soda, and decaffeinated soda had no association with SAB. CONCLUSIONS Pre-pregnancy coffee consumption at levels ≥4 servings/day is associated with increased risk of SAB, particularly at weeks 8-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Building II 3rd Floor, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas L Toth
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Building II 3rd Floor, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Duan X, Shen G, Yang H, Lambert G, Wei F, Zhang JJ. Measurement of human CYP1A2 induction by inhalation exposure to benzo(a)pyrene based on in vivo isotope breath method. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:506-511. [PMID: 26552516 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is an enzyme involved in the metabolic activation of certain carcinogens, and inducible by toxic substrates. To date, few studies have investigated in vivo CYP1A2 induction in humans and its relationship to polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) like benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Non-smoking healthy male coke-oven workers (n = 30) were recruited as 'exposure' group, and non-smoking healthy office workers in the same city (n = 10) were selected as 'control' group, to test whether high inhalation exposure to PAHs can induce CYP1A2 activity in human livers. Significantly higher inhalation exposure of PAHs were found among the exposure group compared to the control. Inhalation BaP exposure concentration in the exposure group was more than 30 times higher than the control group (p < 0.001). However, the exposure group did not exhale significant higher levels of (13)CO2/(12)CO2 in breath samples (p = 0.81), and no significant relationship was found between the inhaled BaP concentration and the (13)CO2/(12)CO2 ratio (p = 0.91). A significant association was found between the (13)CO2/(12)CO2 exhalation and dietary BaP intake level. Hepatic CYP1A2 activity/induction level was not effected by inhaled BaP but was altered by ingestion of BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Hongbiao Yang
- Anshan Environmental Monitoring Center, Liaoning 114004, China
| | - George Lambert
- University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Fusheng Wei
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Global Health Institute, Duke University, NC 27708, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Darwish WS, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. Constitutive Effects of Lead on Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Gene Battery and Protection by β-carotene and Ascorbic Acid in Human HepG2 Cells. J Food Sci 2015; 81:T275-81. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wageh S. Darwish
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dept. of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido Univ; Kita 18, Nishi 9 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dept. of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido Univ; Kita 18, Nishi 9 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Shouta M. M. Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dept. of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido Univ; Kita 18, Nishi 9 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Dept. of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido Univ; Kita 18, Nishi 9 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0818 Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Food Control Dept, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagazig Univ; Zagazig 44510 Egypt
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20
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Lim GS, Chang JS, Lei Z, Wu R, Wang Z, Cui K, Wong S. A lab-on-a-chip system integrating tissue sample preparation and multiplex RT-qPCR for gene expression analysis in point-of-care hepatotoxicity assessment. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4032-4043. [PMID: 26329655 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00798d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A truly practical lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system for point-of-care testing (POCT) hepatotoxicity assessment necessitates the embodiment of full-automation, ease-of-use and "sample-in-answer-out" diagnostic capabilities. To date, the reported microfluidic devices for POCT hepatotoxicity assessment remain rudimentary as they largely embody only semi-quantitative or single sample/gene detection capabilities. In this paper, we describe, for the first time, an integrated LOC system that is somewhat close to a practical POCT hepatotoxicity assessment device - it embodies both tissue sample preparation and multiplex real-time RT-PCR. It features semi-automation, is relatively easy to use, and has "sample-in-answer-out" capabilities for multiplex gene expression analysis. Our tissue sample preparation module incorporating both a microhomogenizer and surface-treated paramagnetic microbeads yielded high purity mRNA extracts, considerably better than manual means of extraction. A primer preloading surface treatment procedure and the single-loading inlet on our multiplex real-time RT-PCR module simplify off-chip handling procedures for ease-of-use. To demonstrate the efficacy of our LOC system for POCT hepatotoxicity assessment, we perform a preclinical animal study with the administration of cyclophosphamide, followed by gene expression analysis of two critical protein biomarkers for liver function tests, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). Our experimental results depict normalized fold changes of 1.62 and 1.31 for AST and ALT, respectively, illustrating up-regulations in their expression levels and hence validating their selection as critical genes of interest. In short, we illustrate the feasibility of multiplex gene expression analysis in an integrated LOC system as a viable POCT means for hepatotoxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geok Soon Lim
- Nanyang Technological University, 71 Nanyang Dr, 638075 Singapore.
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21
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Sisti JS, Hankinson SE, Caporaso NE, Gu F, Tamimi RM, Rosner B, Xu X, Ziegler R, Eliassen AH. Caffeine, coffee, and tea intake and urinary estrogens and estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1174-83. [PMID: 26063478 PMCID: PMC4526325 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have found weak inverse associations between breast cancer and caffeine and coffee intake, possibly mediated through their effects on sex hormones. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify levels of 15 individual estrogens and estrogen metabolites (EM) among 587 premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II with mid-luteal phase urine samples and caffeine, coffee, and/or tea intakes from self-reported food frequency questionnaires. Multivariate linear mixed models were used to estimate geometric means of individual EM, pathways, and ratios by intake categories, and P values for tests of linear trend. RESULTS Compared with women in the lowest quartile of caffeine consumption, those in the top quartile had higher urinary concentrations of 16α-hydroxyestrone (28% difference; Ptrend = 0.01) and 16-epiestriol (13% difference; Ptrend = 0.04), and a decreased parent estrogens/2-, 4-, 16-pathway ratio (Ptrend = 0.03). Coffee intake was associated with higher 2-catechols, including 2-hydroxyestradiol (57% difference, ≥4 cups/day vs. ≤6 cups/week; Ptrend = 0.001) and 2-hydroxyestrone (52% difference; Ptrend = 0.001), and several ratio measures. Decaffeinated coffee was not associated with 2-pathway metabolism, but women in the highest (vs. lowest) category of intake (≥2 cups/day vs. ≤1-3 cups/month) had significantly lower levels of two 16-pathway metabolites, estriol (25% difference; Ptrend = 0.01) and 17-epiestriol (48% difference; Ptrend = 0.0004). Tea intake was positively associated with 17-epiestriol (52% difference; Ptrend = 0.01). CONCLUSION Caffeine and coffee intake were both associated with profiles of estrogen metabolism in premenopausal women. IMPACT Consumption of caffeine and coffee may alter patterns of premenopausal estrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Sisti
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fangyi Gu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xia Xu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Regina Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wang T, Feng W, Kuang D, Deng Q, Zhang W, Wang S, He M, Zhang X, Wu T, Guo H. The effects of heavy metals and their interactions with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the oxidative stress among coke-oven workers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:405-13. [PMID: 25956561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are predominate toxic constituents of particulate air pollution that may be related to the increased risk of cardiopulmonary events. We aim to investigate the effects of the toxic heavy metals (arsenic, As; cadmium, Cd; chromium, Cr; nickel, Ni; and lead, Pb), and their interactions with PAHs on oxidative stress among coke-oven workers. A total of 1333 male workers were recruited in this study. We determined their urinary levels of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, twelve PAH metabolites, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α). Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the effects of these metals and their interactions with PAHs on 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α levels. It was found that only urinary As and Ni showed marginal or significant positive linear dose-dependent effects on 8-OHdG in this study population, especially among smokers (β=0.103, P=0.073 and β=0.110, P=0.002, respectively). After stratifying all participants by the quartiles of ΣOH-PAH, all five metals showed linear association with 8-OHdG in the highest quartile subgroup (Q4) of ΣOH-PAHs. However, these five urinary metals showed significantly consistent linear associations with 8-iso-PGF2α in all subjects and each stratum. Urinary ΣOH-PAHs can significant modify the effects of heavy metals on oxidative stress, while co-exposure to both high levels of ΣOH-PAHs and heavy metals render the workers with highest 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α (all P(interaction)≤0.005). This study showed evidence on the interaction effects of heavy metals and PAHs on increasing the oxidative stress, and these results warrant further investigation in more longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Kuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifei Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wangzhen Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Health, Wuhan Iron & Steel (Group) Corporation, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Suhan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Borgie M, Ledoux F, Verdin A, Cazier F, Greige H, Shirali P, Courcot D, Dagher Z. Genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects of fine particulate matter from rural and urban sites in Lebanon on human bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:352-362. [PMID: 25460656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of air pollution by particulate matter (PM) is strongly required in Lebanon in the absence of an air quality law including updated air quality standards. Using two different PM2.5-0.3 samples collected at an urban and a rural site, we examined genotoxic/epigenotoxic effects of PM exposure within a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). Inorganic and organic contents evidence the major contribution of traffic and generating sets in the PM2.5-0.3 composition. Urban PM2.5-0.3 sample increased the phosphorylation of H2AX, the telomerase activity and the miR-21 up-regulation in BEAS-2B cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, urban PM2.5-0.3 induced a significant increase in CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and AhRR genes expression. The variable concentrations of transition metals and organic compounds detected in the collected PM2.5-0.3 samples might be the active agents leading to a cumulative DNA damage, critical for carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Borgie
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA 4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Groupe de Recherche Molécules Bioactives, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Université Libanaise, Liban; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA 4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA 4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Centre Commun de Mesures, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel 1, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Greige
- Groupe de Recherche Molécules Bioactives, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Université Libanaise, Liban; Département de Chimie et de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libanaise, Liban
| | - Pirouz Shirali
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA 4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV), EA 4492, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France; Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
| | - Zeina Dagher
- Groupe de Recherche Molécules Bioactives, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Université Libanaise, Liban; Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libanaise, Liban
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A novel effect of parylene-based surface coating on HepG2 cell function. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 46:190-4. [PMID: 25491976 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Parylene-C (diX C) has been used as a surface coating material with many biological applications; diX AM, a member of the diX C parylene family, retains biocompatible features. Previously, it has been reported that diX AM shows high cell adhesiveness; however, the effect of diX AM on the function of cells remains unknown. In this study, we investigated cell morphology and gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells cultured on diX AM. Our results show that HepG2 cells adhered to the surface of diX AM, and retained morphology similar to that of the cells cultured on collagen-coated surfaces. Furthermore, microarray analysis has revealed that the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 was highly induced in HepG2 cells cultured on diX AM without any additional factors. Moreover, CYP1 enzymatic activity measured by ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) assay corresponded with the induction of gene expression. These results indicate a novel effect of diX AM on HepG2 cell function for the first time and diX AM could be used as non-animal-derived material for cell culture.
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Darwish WS, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama S, Ishizuka M. The effect of copper on the mRNA expression profile of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in cultured rat H4-II-E cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:243-8. [PMID: 24599699 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu(2+)) is an essential element that plays important roles in physiological functions of the body. However, high Cu(2+) levels can have toxic implications. This study aims to investigate the constitutive response to Cu(2+) exposure of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in cultured rat liver (H4-II-E) cell lines. Rat cells were exposed to copper sulfate (0-500 μM) for 24 h. The effects of Cu(2+) on the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of phase I and II enzymes and regulatory elements were examined using real-time PCR. Metallothionein mRNA expression was induced in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with Cu(2+). mRNA expressions of phase I enzymes such as cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2 (CYP1A1 and CYP1A2) were slightly induced after exposure to low concentrations of Cu(2+); however, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNA expressions were significantly downregulated at higher Cu(2+) concentrations. These effects corresponded with expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor mRNA. The mRNA expressions of phase II enzymes were reduced upon exposure to Cu(2+). In conclusion, phase I and II enzyme expressions were significantly modulated upon Cu(2+) exposure. These results indicated that Cu(2+) exposure had toxicological implications for cultured H4-II-E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, N18, W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
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26
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Metallothionein mRNA induction is correlated with the decrease of DNA strand breaks in cadmium exposed zebra mussels. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 766:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Regoli F, Giuliani ME. Oxidative pathways of chemical toxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers in marine organisms. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 93:106-17. [PMID: 23942183 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant system of marine organisms consists of low molecular weight scavengers and antioxidant enzymes which interact in a sophisticated network. Environmental pollutants can unbalance this system through closely related mechanisms, indirect relationships and cascade effects acting from pre-transcriptional to catalytic levels. Chemically-mediated pathways have the potential to greatly enhance intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); at the same time, excessive levels of oxyradicals down-regulate xenobiotics metabolism, with important environmental implications for organisms exposed to chemical mixtures. Interactions between different classes of chemicals, generation of ROS and onset of oxidative stress conditions are partly modulated by changes in levels and functions of redox-sensitive signaling proteins and transcription factors. The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway still remains largely unexplored in marine organisms, despite the elevated degree of identity and similarity with homolog transcripts and proteins from different species. Recent evidences on transcriptional up-regulation of this system are consistent with the capability to provide a prolonged expression of ARE-regulated cytoprotective genes, and to efficiently switch off this mechanism when oxidative pressure decreases. Although gene expression and catalytic activities of antioxidants are often measured as alternative biomarkers in monitoring biological effects of contaminants, conflicting results between molecular and biochemical responses are quite frequent. The links between effects occurring at various intracellular levels can be masked by non-genomic processes affecting mRNA stability and protein turnover, different timing for transcriptional and translational mechanisms, metabolic capability of tissues, post-transcriptional modifications of proteins, bi-phasic responses of antioxidant enzymes and interactions occurring in chemical mixtures. In this respect, caution should be taken in monitoring studies where mRNA levels of antioxidants could represent a snapshot of cell activity at a given time, not an effective endpoint of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri Monte d'Ago, Ancona 60100, Italy.
| | - Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri Monte d'Ago, Ancona 60100, Italy
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28
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Maeda AH, Nishi S, Hatada Y, Ozeki Y, Kanaly RA. Biotransformation of the high-molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[k]fluoranthene by Sphingobium sp. strain KK22 and identification of new products of non-alternant PAH biodegradation by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Microb Biotechnol 2013; 7:114-29. [PMID: 24325265 PMCID: PMC3937716 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A pathway for the biotransformation of the environmental pollutant and high-molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[k]fluoranthene by a soil bacterium was constructed through analyses of results from liquid chromatography negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI(–)-MS/MS). Exposure of Sphingobium sp. strain KK22 to benzo[k]fluoranthene resulted in transformation to four-, three-and two-aromatic ring products. The structurally similar four-and three-ring non-alternant PAHs fluoranthene and acenaphthylene were also biotransformed by strain KK22, and LC/ESI(–)-MS/MS analyses of these products confirmed the lower biotransformation pathway proposed for benzo[k]fluoranthene. In all, seven products from benzo[k]fluoranthene and seven products from fluoranthene were revealed and included previously unreported products from both PAHs. Benzo[k]fluoranthene biotransformation proceeded through ortho-cleavage of 8,9-dihydroxy-benzo[k]fluoranthene to 8-carboxyfluoranthenyl-9-propenic acid and 9-hydroxy-fluoranthene-8-carboxylic acid, and was followed by meta-cleavage to produce 3-(2-formylacenaphthylen-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-prop-2-enoic acid. The fluoranthene pathway converged with the benzo[k]fluoranthene pathway through detection of the three-ring product, 2-formylacenaphthylene-1-carboxylic acid. Production of key downstream metabolites, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride and 1-naphthoic acid from benzo[k]fluoranthene, fluoranthene and acenaphthylene biotransformations provided evidence for a common pathway by strain KK22 for all three PAHs through acenaphthoquinone. Quantitative analysis of benzo[k]fluoranthene biotransformation by strain KK22 confirmed biodegradation. This is the first pathway proposed for the biotransformation of benzo[k]fluoranthene by a bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyn H Maeda
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobiosciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
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Chen C, Jiang X, Ren Y, Zhang Z. Arsenic trioxide co-exposure potentiates benzo(a)pyrene genotoxicity by enhancing the oxidative stress in human lung adenocarcinoma cell. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 156:338-49. [PMID: 24061964 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although both arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are well-established human carcinogens, the interaction between As2O3 and BaP is synergistic or antagonistic remains controversial in terms of the existing studies. In addition, the mechanisms responsible for the combined effects are still unclear. In this study, we examined the potential interactive effects between As2O3 (1, 5, and 10 μM) and BaP (5, 10, and 20 μM) in cultured A549 cells by treating with BaP and As2O3 alone or in combination at various concentrations for 24 h. The single and combined effects of As2O3 and BaP on the cytotoxicity, DNA/chromosomal damage, and oxidative stress were examined by using tetrazolium (3-(4,5-dimethyithiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) dye colorimetric assay, colony formation assay, fluorescence probe, chemical colorimetry, comet assay as well as micronucleus test. Our results showed that As2O3 synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and level of oxidative stress induced by BaP at various tested concentrations. Also, our experimental results showed that intracellular glutathione (GSH) contents were increased by various doses of BaP, but single or cotreatment with As2O3 significantly decreased the GSH level in the cells at all tested concentrations. Taken together, our results suggest that As2O3 may exert its synergistic cyto- and genotoxic effects with BaP mainly via elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species and reduced GSH contents and superoxide dismutase activities, thus promoting high level of oxidative stress, which may be a pivotal mechanism underlying As2O3 cocarcinogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, No. 16, Section 3, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Nam TG. Lipid peroxidation and its toxicological implications. Toxicol Res 2013; 27:1-6. [PMID: 24278542 PMCID: PMC3834518 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2011.27.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is a free radical oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid or arachidonic acid. This process has been related with various pathologies and disease status mainly because of the oxidation products formed during the process. The oxidation products include reactive aldehydes such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. These reactive aldehydes can form adducts with DNAs and proteins, leading to the alterations in their functions to cause various diseases. This review will provide a short summary on the implication of lipid peroxidation on cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration as well as chemical and biochemical mechanisms by which these adducts affect the pathological conditions. In addition, select examples will be presented where antioxidants were used to counteract oxidative damage caused by lipid peroxidation. At the end, isoprostanes are discussed as a gold standard for the assessment of oxidative damages.
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31
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Integrated RNA extraction and RT-PCR for semi-quantitative gene expression studies on a microfluidic device. J Transl Med 2013; 93:961-6. [PMID: 23711823 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a microfluidic methodology, using RNA extraction and reverse transcription PCR, for investigating expression levels of cytochrome P450 genes. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including many commonly prescribed drugs, therefore information on their expression is useful in both pharmaceutical and clinical settings. RNA extraction, from rat liver tissue or primary rat hepatocytes, was performed using a silica-based solid-phase extraction technique. Following elution of the purified RNA, amplification of target sequences for the housekeeping gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and the cytochrome P450 gene CYP1A2, was carried out using a one-step reverse transcription PCR. Once the microfluidic methodology had been optimized, analysis of control and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced primary rat hepatocytes were used to evaluate the system. As expected, GAPDH was consistently expressed, whereas CYP1A2 levels were found to be raised in the drug-treated samples. The proposed system offers an initial platform for development of both rapid throughput analyzers for pharmaceutical drug screening and point-of-care diagnostic tests to aid provision of drug regimens, which can be tailor-made to the individual patient.
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Posttranslational mechanisms modulating the expression of the cytochrome P450 1A1 gene by methylmercury in HepG2 cells: A role of heme oxygenase-1. Toxicol Lett 2013; 219:239-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Anwar-Mohamed A, Abdelhamid G, Amara IEA, El-Kadi AOS. Differential modulation of cytochrome P450 1a1 by arsenite in vivo and in vitro in C57BL/6 mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 58:52-63. [PMID: 23369756 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals, typified by arsenite (As(III)), have been implicated in altering the carcinogenicity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, typified by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), by modulating the induction of the Cyp1a1 enzyme, but the mechanism remains unresolved. In this study, the effects of As(III) on Cyp1a1 expression and activity were investigated in C57BL/6 mouse livers and isolated hepatocytes. For this purpose, C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with As(III) (12.5 mg/kg) in the absence and presence of TCDD (15 μg/kg) for 6 and 24 h. Furthermore, isolated hepatocytes from C57BL/6 mice were treated with As(III) (1, 5, and 10 μM) in the absence and presence of TCDD (1 nM) for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. At the in vivo level, As(III) decreased the TCDD-mediated induction of Cyp1a1 mRNA at 6h while potentiating its mRNA, protein, and catalytic activity levels at 24 h. At the in vitro level, As(III) decreased the TCDD-mediated induction of Cyp1a1 mRNA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, As(III) decreased the TCDD-mediated induction of Cyp1a1 protein and catalytic activity levels at 24 h. Interestingly, As(III) increased the serum hemoglobin (Hb) levels in animals treated for 24 h. Upon treatment of isolated hepatocytes with Hb alone, there was an increase in the nuclear accumulation of AhR and AhR-dependent luciferase activity. Furthermore, Hb potentiated the TCDD-induced AhR-dependent luciferase activity. Importantly, when isolated hepatocytes were treated for 5h with As(III) in the presence of TCDD and the medium was then replaced with new medium containing Hb, there was potentiation of the TCDD-mediated effect. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that there is a differential modulation of the TCDD-mediated induction of Cyp1a1 by As(III) in C57BL/6 mouse livers and isolated hepatocytes. Thus, this study implicates Hb as an in vivo-specific modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Anwar-Mohamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E1
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The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway in cardiotoxicity of acute lead intoxication in vivo and in vitro rat model. Toxicology 2013; 306:40-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abdelhamid G, Amara IEA, Anwar-Mohamed A, El-Kadi AOS. Modulation of cytochrome P450 1 (Cyp1) by vanadium in hepatic tissue and isolated hepatocyte of C57BL/6 mice. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1531-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Amara IE, Anwar-Mohamed A, Abdelhamid G, El-Kadi AO. Mercury modulates the cytochrome P450 1a1, 1a2 and 1b1 in C57BL/6J mice: in vivo and in vitro studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:419-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Rajpoot DS, Prakash A, Mandil R, Rahal A, Garg SK. Differential modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rats following single and concurrent exposure to chlorpyrifos, arsenic, and ascorbic acid. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2013; 76:1354-1365. [PMID: 24283477 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.853005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the subacute toxicity of arsenic (As) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) alone or in combination. In addition, the ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid on As and/or CPF-induced hepatic microsomal xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rats was examined. Rats were divided into 9 groups of 6 animals each: control (deionized water), vehicle control (groundnut oil), ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg body weight), As (40 ppm in water), CPF (5 mg/kg body weight), As (40 ppm) + CPF (5 mg/kg body weight), As + ascorbic acid, CPF + ascorbic acid, and As + CPF + ascorbic acid. After 28 d of exposure, rats were sacrificed and liver was extracted for isolation of hepatic microsomes. Exposure to As or CPF alone as well as both of these in combination significantly altered microsomal proteins and activity of phase I and phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b 5 levels and activities of aniline p-hydroxylase (APH) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) were significantly decreased in groups treated with As, CPF, and As plus CPF, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) was not markedly altered. Enzymatic activity of aminopyrine N-demethylase (ANDM) was also significantly reduced in As- and CPF-only groups. Co-administration of ascorbic acid effectively countered the As- and CPF-induced alterations in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Singh Rajpoot
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U. P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (DUVASU) , Mathura , India
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Dergham M, Lepers C, Verdin A, Billet S, Cazier F, Courcot D, Shirali P, Garçon G. Prooxidant and proinflammatory potency of air pollution particulate matter (PM₂.₅₋₀.₃) produced in rural, urban, or industrial surroundings in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:904-19. [PMID: 22404339 DOI: 10.1021/tx200529v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates that exposure to air pollution particulate matter (PM) affects human health. However, how PM composition interacts with PM-size to cause adverse health effects needs elucidation. In this study, we were also interested in the physicochemical characteristics and toxicological end points of PM₂.₅₋₀.₃ samples produced in rural, urban, or industrial surroundings, thereby expecting to differentiate their respective in vitro adverse health effects in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Physicochemical characteristics of the three PM₂.₅₋₀.₃ samples, notably their inorganic and organic components, were closely related to their respective emission sources. Referring also to the dose/response relationships of the three PM₂.₅₋₀.₃ samples, the most toxicologically relevant exposure times (i.e., 24, 48, and 72 h) and doses (i.e., 3.75 μg PM/cm² and 15 μg PM/cm²) to use to study the underlying mechanisms of action involved in PM-induced lung toxicity were chosen. Organic chemicals adsorbed on the three PM₂.₅₋₀.₃ samples (i.e., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were able to induce the gene expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (i.e., Cytochrome P4501A1 and 1B1, and, to a lesser extent, NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase-1). Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species within BEAS-2B cells exposed to the three PM₂.₅₋₀.₃ samples induced oxidative damage (i.e., 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation, malondialdehyde production and/or glutathione status alteration). There were also statistically significant increases of the gene expression and/or protein secretion of inflammatory mediators (i.e., notably IL-6 and IL-8) in BEAS-2B cells after their exposure to the three PM₂.₅₋₀.₃ samples. Taken together, the present findings indicated that oxidative damage and inflammatory response preceeded cytotoxicity in air pollution PM₂.₅₋₀.₃-exposed BEAS-2B cells and supported the idea that PM-size, composition, and origin could interact in a complex manner to determine the in vitro responsiveness to PM.
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Noreault-Conti TL, Fellows A, Jacobs JM, Trask HW, Strom SC, Evans RM, Wrighton SA, Sinclair PR, Sinclair JF, Nichols RC. Arsenic decreases RXRα-dependent transcription of CYP3A and suppresses immune regulators in hepatocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 12:651-6. [PMID: 22310326 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite is critical pharmacologically as a treatment for advanced stage blood cancer. However, environmental exposure to arsenic results in multiple diseases. Previous studies have shown that arsenic decreases expression of CYP3A, a critical drug metabolizing enzyme in human and rat liver. In addition, acute and chronic arsenic exposure in liver stimulates an inflammatory response. Our work has shown that arsenite decreases nuclear levels of RXRα the nuclear receptor that, as a heterodimer partner with PXR, transactivates the CYP3A gene. These results suggest that arsenite decreases transcription of CYP3A by decreasing RXRα. The present report shows that exposure to 5 μM arsenite decreased the activity of a rat CYP3A promoter luciferase reporter in HepG2 cells. The activity of a RARE-luciferase reporter, that is transactivated by the retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/RXRα, was also decreased. Previous studies have shown that arsenic in the concentration range of 2-5 μM affects CYP3A mRNA. When rifampicin-treated primary human hepatocyte cultures were exposed to arsenite concentrations as low as 50 nM, CYP3A mRNA was decreased. Treatment of primary human hepatocytes with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 increased RXRα suggesting the involvement of the proteasome pathway in regulation of RXRα. Finally, arsenic induces a pro-inflammatory response in liver. Surprisingly, we show that in hepatocytes arsenite decreases expression of two inflammatory mediators, TNF and VEGF, an effect that is not predicted from suppression of RXRα activity.
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Dieme D, Cabral-Ndior M, Garçon G, Verdin A, Billet S, Cazier F, Courcot D, Diouf A, Shirali P. Relationship between physicochemical characterization and toxicity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in Dakar city (Senegal). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 113:1-13. [PMID: 22284916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The massive increase in emissions of air pollutants due to economic and industrial growth in developing countries has made air quality a crucial health problem in this continent. Hence, it is somewhat critical to have a better knowledge on the air pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Three air pollution PM2.5 samples were also collected in two urban sites (i.e., Fann and Faidherbe) in Dakar (Senegal) and in a rural site near Dakar (i.e., Ngaparu). The two urban sites mainly differ in the type of used vehicles: in Fann, most of the traffic is made of buses, which are absent, in Faidherbe. The physicochemical characteristics of the three PM2.5 samples revealed their high heterogeneities and complexities, related to the multiple natural and anthropogenic emission sources. Results from 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into DNA, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, and extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity in PM2.5-exposed BEAS-2B cells suggested the exposure conditions (i.e., 3 and 12 μg PM/cm² during 24, 48, and 72 h) to further consider. The organic fractions (i.e., mainly PAHs) of the PM(2.5) samples were able to induce a time and/or concentration-dependent gene expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, and, to a lesser extent, NQO1. There was a time and/or dose-dependent increase of both the gene expression and/or protein secretion of inflammatory mediators (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and/or IL-8) in PM(2.5)-exposed BEAS-2B cells. In agreement with the physicochemical characterization, urban PM(2.5) samples caused greater biological responses in BEAS-2B cells than the rural one. Variable concentrations of transition metals (i.e., Fe, Al, Pb, Mn, Zn) and organic compounds (i.e., PAHs) founded in the three PM2.5 samples might be firmly involved in a time- and/or dose-dependent toxicity, relying on inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Dieme
- Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
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Korashy HM, El-Kadi AO. Transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms modulating the expression of the cytochrome P450 1A1 gene by lead in HepG2 cells: A role of heme oxygenase. Toxicology 2012; 291:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Anwar-Mohamed A, Klotz LO, El-Kadi AOS. Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase-1 Partially Reverses the Arsenite-Mediated Decrease of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A23, and CYP3A2 Catalytic Activity in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:504-14. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.042564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Cadmium modulates expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-associated genes in rat uterus by interaction with the estrogen receptor. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:591-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0787-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Elsherbiny ME, Brocks DR. The ability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to alter physiological factors underlying drug disposition. Drug Metab Rev 2011; 43:457-75. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2011.596204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ghosh S, Zang S, Mitra PS, Ghimbovschi S, Hoffman EP, Dutta SK. Global gene expression and Ingenuity biological functions analysis on PCBs 153 and 138 induced human PBMC in vitro reveals differential mode(s) of action in developing toxicities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2011; 37:838-857. [PMID: 21470681 PMCID: PMC3097535 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Several reports have indicated that low level of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure can adversely affect a multitude of physiological disorders and diseases in in vitro, in vivo, and as reported in epidemiological studies. This investigation is focused on the possible contribution of two most prevalent PCB congeners in vitro in developing toxicities. We used PCBs 138 and 153 at the human equivalence level as model agents to test their specificity in developing toxicities. We chose a global approach using oligonucleotide microarray technology to investigate modulated gene expression for biological effects, upon exposure of PCBs, followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), to understand the underlying consequence in developing disease and disorders. We performed in vitro studies with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), where PBMC cells were exposed to respective PCBs for 48 h. Overall, our observation on gene expression indicated that PCB produces a unique signature affecting different pathways, specific for each congener. While analyzing these data through IPA, the prominent and interesting disease and disorders were neurological disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, as well as endocrine system disorders, genetic disorders, and reproductive system disease. They showed strong resemblances with in vitro, in vivo, and in the epidemiological studies. A distinct difference was observed in renal and urological diseases, organisimal injury and abnormalities, dental disease, ophthalmic disease, and psychological disorders, which are only revealed by PCB 138 exposure, but not in PCB 153. The present study emphasizes the challenges of global gene expression in vitro and was correlated with the results of exposed human population. The microarray results give a molecular mechanistic insight and functional effects, following PCB exposure. The extent of changes in genes related to several possible mode(s) of action highlights the changes in cellular functions and signaling pathways that play major roles. In addition to understanding the pathways related to mode of action for chemicals, these data could lead to the identification of genomic signatures that could be used for screening of chemicals for their potential to cause disease and developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somiranjan Ghosh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Kang HG, Jeong SH. 1-OH-Pyrene and 3-OH-Phenanthrene in Urine Show Good Relationship with their Parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Muscle in Dairy Cattle. Toxicol Res 2011; 27:15-8. [PMID: 24278545 PMCID: PMC3834509 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2011.27.1.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicities of phenanthrene (PH) and pyrene (PY) are less than benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) , but both compounds are found in higher concentrations in the air, feed, and food. Most PAHs are metabolized to hydroxylated compounds by the hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxigenases system. Metabolites are excreted into urine and feces. We determined concentrations of PH, PY and BaP in muscle and hydroxylated metabolites, 3-OH-PH, 1-OH-PY, and 3-OH-BaP, respectively, in urine from dairy cattle (n = 24) . We also evaluated the relationship between parent compounds in muscle and their metabolites in urine. Concentrations of PH and PY in muscle ranged from 0.7~4.8 ng/g (1.8 ± 1.7) and 0.4~4.1 ng/g (1.2 ± 1.2) , respectively. Concentrations of 3-OH-PH and 1-OH-PY in urine ranged from 0.1~5.9 ng/ml (2.9 ± 3.7) and 0.5~3.6 ng/ml (1.9 ± 2.3) , respectively. Correlation coefficient for PY concentration in muscle versus 1-OH-PY in urine was 0.657 and for PH concentration in muscle versus 3-OH-PH in urine was 0.579.Coefficient determination for PY and PH concentrations in muscle was 0.886 and for 1-OH-PY and 3-OHPH in urine was 0.834. This study suggests that 1-OH-PY and 3-OH-PH could be used as biomarkers for PAHs exposure in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Goo Kang
- Toxicology & Chemistry Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang 430-824
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Ragunathan N, Dairou J, Sanfins E, Busi F, Noll C, Janel N, Dupret JM, Rodrigues-Lima F. Cadmium alters the biotransformation of carcinogenic aromatic amines by arylamine N-acetyltransferase xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes: molecular, cellular, and in vivo studies. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1685-1691. [PMID: 20810355 PMCID: PMC3002187 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a carcinogenic heavy metal of environmental concern. Exposure to both Cd and carcinogenic organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or aromatic amines (AAs), is a common environmental problem. Human arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that play a key role in the biotransformation of AA carcinogens. Changes in NAT activity have long been associated with variations in susceptibility to different cancers in relation with exposure to certain AAs. OBJECTIVE We explored the possible interactions between Cd and the NAT-dependent biotransformation of carcinogenic AAs. METHODS We exposed purified enzymes, lung epithelial cells, and mouse models to Cd and subsequently analyzed NAT-dependent metabolism of AAs. RESULTS We found that Cd, at biologically relevant concentrations, impairs the NAT-dependent acetylation of carcinogenic AAs such as 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) in lung epithelial cells. NAT activity was strongly impaired in the tissues of mice exposed to Cd. Accordingly, mice exposed to Cd and 2-AF displayed altered in vivo toxicokinetics with a significant decrease (~ 50%) in acetylated 2-AF in plasma. We found that human NAT1 was rapidly and irreversibly inhibited by Cd [median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) ≈ 55 nM; rate inhibition constant (k(inact)) = 5 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ • sec⁻¹], with results of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) protection assays indicating that Cd-mediated inhibition was due to the reaction of metal with the active-site cysteine residue of the enzyme. We found similar results for human NAT2, although this isoform was less sensitive to inactivation (IC₅₀ ≈ 1 μM; k(inact) = 1 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ • sec⁻¹). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Cd can alter the metabolism of carcinogenic AAs through the impairment of the NAT-dependent pathway, which may have important toxicological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Rodrigues-Lima
- Address correspondence to F. Rodrigues-Lima, 4, rue MA Lagroua, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75013, Paris, France. Telephone: +33 1 5727 83 32. Fax: +33 1 5727 83 29. E-mail:
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Tarantini A, Maître A, Lefèbvre E, Marques M, Rajhi A, Douki T. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in binary mixtures modulate the efficiency of benzo[a]pyrene to form DNA adducts in human cells. Toxicology 2010; 279:36-44. [PMID: 20849910 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) always involves complex mixtures that may induce synergistic or antagonistic effects on the genotoxic properties and make risk assessment more difficult. In this study, we evaluated how particulate PAHs modulated the formation of DNA damage induced by carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Single strand breaks and alkali labile sites, as well as BPDE-N²-dGuo DNA adducts were measured in the competent HepG2 cells by Comet assay and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. B[a]P, alone or in binary mixture with other PAHs (1 μM each), led to low amounts of strand breaks. In contrast, formation of BPDE-N²-dGuo adducts was significant and found to be enhanced in HepG2 co-treated for 14 h by B[a]P in the presence of either benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DB[a,h]A) or indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP). Opposite results were obtained with benzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F). The same observations were made when cells were pre-incubated with PAH before incubation with B[a]P. These results show that the interactions between PAHs are not direct competition reactions. Emphasis was then placed on the modulation of B[a]P-induced DNA damage by B[b]F and B[k]F. No difference in the time-course formation of DNA damage was observed. However, dose-response relationship differed between these two PAHs with a concentration-dependent inhibition of BPDE-N²-dGuo DNA by B[k]F whereas a constant level of potentiation for B[b]F was observed for concentrations higher than 1 μM. Altogether, these results show that the genotoxicity of B[a]P in binary mixtures with other carcinogenic PAH may be modulated. In such cases, a potentiation of BPDE-N²-dGuo adduct formation is most often observed with exception of B[k]F. Several biological mechanisms may account for these observations, including binding of PAHs to the Ah receptor (AhR), their affinity toward CYP450 and competition for metabolism. These different interactions have to be considered when addressing the intricate issue of the toxicity of mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Tarantini
- Laboratoire "Lésions des Acides Nucléiques", Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique UMR-E 3 CEA-UJF, CNRS FRE 3200, CEA/DSM/INAC, CEA-Grenoble 17, Avenue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Hervé-Fernández P, Houlbrèque F, Boisson F, Mulsow S, Teyssié JL, Oberhaënsli F, Azemard S, Jeffree R. Cadmium bioaccumulation and retention kinetics in the Chilean blue mussel Mytilus chilensis: seawater and food exposure pathways. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 99:448-456. [PMID: 20638735 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Chilean blue mussel (Mytilus chilensis, Hupe 1854) represents the most important bivalve exploited along the Chilean coast and is a major food source for the Chilean population. Unfortunately, local fish and shellfish farming face severe problems as a result of bioaccumulation of toxic trace metals into shellfishes. Blue mussels collected along the Chilean coasts contain levels of Cd above the regulatory limits for human consumption. In this study, we examined the bioaccumulation, depuration and organ distribution of Cd in the M. chilensis, from 109Cd-labelled bulk seawater and from feeding with 109Cd-labelled algae. The uptake of 109Cd via seawater displayed a simple exponential kinetic model suggesting that cadmium activity tends to reach an equilibrium value of 1.838+/-0.175 ng g(-1) (mean+/-asymptotic standard error, p < 0.001) after 78+/-9 days. The depuration rate for 109Cd accumulated via seawater was slow, with only 21% of the total 109Cd accumulated in the whole mussel being eliminated after 52 days. Total elimination of Cd in mussels was adequately described by a double component kinetic model, in which the biological half-life for the long-lived component represents more than 6 months. In contrast, depuration after radiolabelled food uptake was fast, reaching only 20% of retention in 10 days. This knowledge of the long half-life of cadmium accumulated via seawater as well as the non-negligible level of cadmium accumulated into the shells is relevant to the management of Cd levels in this species and the refinement of detoxification processes in order to comply with authorized Cd levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Hervé-Fernández
- Instituto de Geociencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Castilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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Thompson ED, Burwinkel KE, Chava AK, Notch EG, Mayer GD. Activity of Phase I and Phase II enzymes of the benzo[a]pyrene transformation pathway in zebrafish (Danio rerio) following waterborne exposure to arsenite. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 152:371-8. [PMID: 20547244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The environmental pollutants inorganic arsenic (iAs) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) are carcinogens often found together in groundwater. The hepatic metabolism of B[a]P is a multi-step process requiring several Phase I and Phase II enzymes, notably cytochrome p450 1A (CYP1A), epoxide hydrolase (EH), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of arsenite (As(III)) on the activity of these enzymes in vivo utilizing adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to either 0.4 microM B[a]P, 0.4 microM B[a]P+0.4 microM As(III), 0.4 microM B[a]P+8 microM As(III), 0.4 microM As(III), or 8 microM As(III) for 7 days. Co-exposures to As(III) and B[a]P led to significant decreases in CYP1A enzyme activity (approximately 3-fold) when compared to exposure to B[a]P alone. No similar effects occurred with EH or GST, although B[a]P exposure did significantly increase EH activity. Furthermore As(III) and B[a]P co-exposures significantly decreased CYP1A transcript levels (up to 35-fold) when compared to B[a]P. However, B[a]P-induced CYP1A protein levels remained elevated following co-exposures to As(III). This evidence suggests that As(III) has the potential to modify components of the B[a]P biotransformation pathway in vivo via a disruption of CYP1A activity by way of both pre- and post-translational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E David Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, 204D Natural Science Center, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA.
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