1
|
Quaglia G, Di Francesco A, Catelli E, Mescolini G, Lupini C. Turkey adenovirus 3: ORF1 gene sequence comparison between vaccine-like and field strains. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2307-2313. [PMID: 37289400 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Haemorrhagic enteritis is an economically significant disease reported in the majority of the countries where turkeys are raised intensively; it is caused by Turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3). The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the ORF1 gene 3' region from turkey haemorrhagic enteritis virus (THEV) vaccine-like and field strains in order to develop a molecular diagnostic method to differentiate the strains from each other. Eighty samples were analysed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses using a new set of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers targeting a genomic region spanning the partial ORF1, hyd and partial IVa2 gene sequences. A commercial live vaccine was also included in the analysis. The results showed that 56 of the 80 sequences obtained in this study showed ≥99.8% nucleotide identity with the homologous vaccine strain sequence. Three non-synonymous mutations - ntA1274G (aaI425V), ntA1420C (aaQ473H) and ntG1485A (aaR495Q) - were detected in the THEV field strains but not in the vaccine strain. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the clustering of the field and vaccine-like strains in different phylogenetic branches. In conclusion, the method employed in this study could be a useful tool towards making a correct diagnosis. The data could contribute to the knowledge of field distribution of THEV strains and increase the limited existing information available on native isolates around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Quaglia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), 40064, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Di Francesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), 40064, Italy
| | - Elena Catelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), 40064, Italy
| | - Giulia Mescolini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), 40064, Italy
| | - Caterina Lupini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra, 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), 40064, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cuta L, Baums CG, Cramer K, Harzer M, Hauptmann J, Heenemann K, Krautwald-Junghanns ME, Stegmaier I, Vahlenkamp TW, Schmidt V. An Explorative Study of the Causal Pathogenesis of Green Liver Discoloration in Organically Reared Female Bronze Turkeys ( Meleagris gallopavo) Considering the Infectious Risk Factors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050918. [PMID: 36899775 PMCID: PMC10000099 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent study revealed that organically raised Bronze turkeys showed a high prevalence of green liver discoloration. This alteration is commonly associated with the Turkey Osteomyelitis Complex and potentially caused by opportunistic bacteria. Therefore, 360 organically fattened Bronze turkeys were examined post-mortem throughout two fattening trials with two examinations each to determine possible infectious risk factors and reduce disease prevalence. Clinical and pathoanatomical examinations were performed on every hen. Histopathological, bacteriological, parasitological, and virological examinations were performed on at least six hens without and, if applicable, six hens with green livers on each examination date. Overall, 9.0% of all hens had a green liver without a correlation with bacterial or parasitological findings but multiple health impairments. The discoloration correlated significantly with the detection of immunosuppressive turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus at the early stage and macro- and histological joint/bone lesions at the late fattening stage, indicating the presence of two different predisposing pathogeneses. Flocks not being vaccinated against hemorrhagic enteritis but having a virus-positive sample showed the highest prevalence of green liver discoloration and developed worse in various parameters. In conclusion, an adequate vaccination schedule and the prevention of field infections may lead to a decreased risk of performance reduction and improved animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Cuta
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 17, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)341-9738405
| | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Cramer
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 17, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maxi Harzer
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jutta Hauptmann
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Heenemann
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ines Stegmaier
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 17, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas W. Vahlenkamp
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Schmidt
- Clinic for Birds and Reptiles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 17, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A Confocal Microscopic Study of Gene Transfer into the Mesencephalic Tegmentum of Juvenile Chum Salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, Using Mouse Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115661. [PMID: 34073457 PMCID: PMC8199053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, data on the presence of adenoviral receptors in fish are very limited. In the present work, we used mouse recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) with a calcium indicator of the latest generation GCaMP6m that are usually applied for the dorsal hippocampus of mice but were not previously used for gene delivery into fish brain. The aim of our work was to study the feasibility of transduction of rAAV in the mouse hippocampus into brain cells of juvenile chum salmon and subsequent determination of the phenotype of rAAV-labeled cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Delivery of the gene in vivo was carried out by intracranial injection of a GCaMP6m-GFP-containing vector directly into the mesencephalic tegmentum region of juvenile (one-year-old) chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. AAV incorporation into brain cells of the juvenile chum salmon was assessed at 1 week after a single injection of the vector. AAV expression in various areas of the thalamus, pretectum, posterior-tuberal region, postcommissural region, medial and lateral regions of the tegmentum, and mesencephalic reticular formation of juvenile O. keta was evaluated using CLSM followed by immunohistochemical analysis of the localization of the neuron-specific calcium binding protein HuCD in combination with nuclear staining with DAPI. The results of the analysis showed partial colocalization of cells expressing GCaMP6m-GFP with red fluorescent HuCD protein. Thus, cells of the thalamus, posterior tuberal region, mesencephalic tegmentum, cells of the accessory visual system, mesencephalic reticular formation, hypothalamus, and postcommissural region of the mesencephalon of juvenile chum salmon expressing GCaMP6m-GFP were attributed to the neuron-specific line of chum salmon brain cells, which indicates the ability of hippocampal mammal rAAV to integrate into neurons of the central nervous system of fish with subsequent expression of viral proteins, which obviously indicates the neuronal expression of a mammalian adenoviral receptor homolog by juvenile chum salmon neurons.
Collapse
|
4
|
IDENTIFICATION AND CORRELATION OF A NOVEL SIADENOVIRUS IN A FLOCK OF BUDGERIGARS ( MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATES) INFECTED WITH SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN THE UNITED STATES. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 51:618-630. [PMID: 33480537 DOI: 10.1638/2019-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A flock of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulates) was purchased from a licensed breeder and quarantined at a zoologic facility within the United States in 2016. Following 82 deaths within the flock, the remaining 66 birds were depopulated because of ongoing clinical salmonellosis despite treatment. Gross necropsy was performed on all 66 birds. Histopathologic examination was performed on 10 birds identified with gross lesions and 10 birds without. Pathologic findings were most often observed in the liver, kidney, and spleen. Lesions noted in the livers and spleens were consistent with published reports of salmonellosis in psittacine species. Multisystemic changes associated with septicemia were not noted, most likely because of antibiotic intervention before euthanasia. Of the 20 budgerigars evaluated by histopathology, six had large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies within tubular epithelia in a portion of the kidneys. Electronic microscopy, next-generation sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were used to identify and categorize the identified virus as a novel siadenovirus strain BuAdV-1 USA-IA43444-2016. The strain was 99% similar to budgerigar adenovirus 1 (BuAdV-1), previously reported in Japan, and to a psittacine adenovirus 5 recently identified in a U.S. cockatiel. Salmonella typhimurium carriers were identified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial culture and compared with viral carriers identified via PCR. Inclusion bodies and Salmonella detection were significant in birds with gross lesions versus those without; however, there was no correlation between budgerigars positive with siadenovirus by PCR and concurrent Salmonella infection. Identifying subclinical siadenovirus strain BuAdV-1 USA-IA43444-2016 infection in this flock significantly differs from a previous report of clinical illness in five budgerigars resulting in death caused by BuAdV-1 in Japan. S. typhimurium remains a significant pathogen in budgerigars, and zoonotic concerns prompted depopulation to mitigate the public health risks of this flock.
Collapse
|
5
|
Palomino-Tapia V, Mitevski D, Inglis T, van der Meer F, Abdul-Careem MF. Molecular Characterization of Hemorrhagic Enteritis Virus (HEV) Obtained from Clinical Samples in Western Canada 2017-2018. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090941. [PMID: 32858877 PMCID: PMC7551992 DOI: 10.3390/v12090941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) is an immunosuppressive adenovirus that causes an acute clinical disease characterized by hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in 4-week-old turkeys and older. Recurrent incidence of secondary infections (e.g., systemic bacterial infections, cellulitis, and elevated mortality), may be associated with the presence of field-type HEV in Canadian turkey farms. We speculate that field-type HEV and vaccine/vaccine-like strains can be differentiated through analysis of the viral genomes, hexon genes, and the specific virulence factors (e.g., ORF1, E3, and fib knob domain). Nine out of sixteen spleens obtained from cases suspected of immunosuppression by HEV were analyzed. The limited data obtained showed that: (1) field-type HEV circulates in many non-vaccinated western Canadian flocks; (2) field-type HEV circulates in vaccinated flocks with increased recurrent bacterial infections; and (3) the existence of novel point mutations in hexon, ORF1, E3, and specially fib knob domains. This is the first publication showing the circulation of wild-type HEV in HEV-vaccinated flocks in Western Canada, and the usefulness of a novel procedure that allows whole genome sequencing of HEV directly from spleens, without passaging in cell culture or passaging in vivo. Further studies focusing more samples are required to confirm our observations and investigate possible vaccination failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Palomino-Tapia
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (V.P.-T.); (F.v.d.M.)
| | - Darko Mitevski
- Poultry Health Services, 1-4 East Lake Ave NE, Airdrie, AB T4A 2G8, Canada;
| | - Tom Inglis
- The Institute of Applied Poultry Technologies, 201–151 East Lake Blvd, Airdrie, AB T4A 2G1, Canada;
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (V.P.-T.); (F.v.d.M.)
| | - Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Center 2C53, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; (V.P.-T.); (F.v.d.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-4462; Fax: +1-403-210-9740
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Doszpoly A, Harrach B, LaPatra S, Benkő M. Unconventional gene arrangement and content revealed by full genome analysis of the white sturgeon adenovirus, the single member of the genus Ichtadenovirus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103976. [PMID: 31344490 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses are commonly found in members of almost every vertebrate lineage except fish and amphibians, from each of which only a single isolate is available as yet. In this work, the complete genomic sequence of a fish adenovirus, originating from the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), was determined and analyzed. Several exceptional features were observed including the longest hitherto known genome size (of 48,395 bp) and a strange location of the putative fiber genes resulting in an unconventional organization pattern. The left genome end contained four fiber-like genes, three of them in a tandem position on the r (rightward transcribed) strand, followed by a fourth one on the l strand. Rightward from these, the conserved adenoviral gene cassette, encompassing 16 family-common genes, was identified. In the right-hand part, amounting for >42% of the entire genome, the presence of 28 ORFs, with a coding capacity of larger than 50 amino acids, was revealed. Interestingly, most of these showed no similarity to any adenoviral genes except two ORFs, resembling slightly the parvoviral NS gene, homologues of which occur in certain avian adenoviruses. These specific traits, together with the results of phylogeny reconstructions, fully justified the separation of the white sturgeon adenovirus into the recently established new genus Ichtadenovirus. Targeted attempts to find additional adenoviruses in any other fish species were to no avail as yet. Thus the founding member, WSAdV-1 still remains the only representative of ichtadenoviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andor Doszpoly
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Scott LaPatra
- Research Division, Clear Springs Foods Inc., Buhl, ID, USA
| | - Mária Benkő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aboezz ZR, Mahsoub HM, El-Bagoury G, Pierson FW. In vitro growth kinetics and gene expression analysis of the turkey adenovirus 3, a siadenovirus. Virus Res 2019; 263:47-54. [PMID: 30639467 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3) belongs to the genus Siadenovirus, family Adenoviridae. Previously, nucleotide sequencing and annotation of the Virginia avirulent strain (VAS) of TAdV-3 genome, isolated in our laboratory, indicated the presence of a total of 23 genes and open reading frames (ORFs). The goals of this study were 1) to delineate the growth kinetics of the virus using a qPCR-based infectivity assay, and 2) to determine the virus gene expression profile during the early and late phases of infection in target B lymphocytes. The one-step growth curve experiment demonstrated 3 phases of virus replication cycle: a lag phase lasted for 12-18 h post-infection (h.p.i.), in which the virus titer declined; a log phase from 18 to 120 h.p.i., in which the number of infectious virus particles increased over 20,000 folds, and a brief decline phase thereafter. Southern blot analysis indicated that the synthesis of new viral DNA started by 8 h.p.i. Gene-specific RT-PCR analysis revealed the expression of mRNAs from the 23 TAdV-3 genes/ORFs. According to the temporal transcriptional profiling of TAdV-3 genome, genes could be divided into 3 groups based on the time of transcription initiation: group 1 showed detectable levels of transcription at 2 h.p.i and included 7 genes, i.e., hyd, III, pX, pVI, II, 100 K, and 33 K; group 2 included 12 genes whose mRNAs were detected for the first time at 4 h.p.i., i.e., ORF1, IVa2, pol, pTP, pIIIa, EP, DBP, E3, U exon, IV, ORF7, and ORF8; group 3 of transcripts were detectable starting 8 h.p.i. and included only 4 genes, i.e., 52 K, 22 K, pVII, and pVIII. Our data suggest that the transcriptional kinetics of genus Siadenovirus differ from that observed in other adenoviral genera; however, a few TAdV-3 genes showed similar expression patterns to their adenoviral homologs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab R Aboezz
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtahar, Toukh, Qalubiya, 13736, Egypt
| | - Hassan M Mahsoub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, El-Shatby, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt.
| | - Gabr El-Bagoury
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtahar, Toukh, Qalubiya, 13736, Egypt
| | - F William Pierson
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dhama K, Gowthaman V, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Sachan S, Kumar MA, Palanivelu M, Malik YS, Singh RK, Munir M. Haemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys - current knowledge. Vet Q 2017; 37:31-42. [PMID: 28024457 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2016.1277281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), an adenovirus associated with acute haemorrhagic gastro-intestinal disease of 6-11-week old turkeys predominantly hampers both humoral and cellular immunity. Affected birds are more prone to secondary complications (e.g. colibacillosis and clostridiosis) and failure to mount an effective vaccine-induced immune response. HEV belongs to the new genus Siadenovirus. Feco-oral transmission is the main route of entry of the virus and it mainly colonizes bursa, intestine and spleen. Both naturally occurring virulent and avirulent strains of HEVs are serologically indistinguishable. Recent findings revealed that ORF1, E3 and fib genes are the key factors affecting virulence. The adoption of suitable diagnostic tools, proper vaccination and biosecurity measures have restrained the occurrence of disease epidemics. For diagnostic purposes, the best source of HEV is either intestinal contents or samples from spleen. For rapid detection highly sensitive and specific tests such as quantitative real-time PCR based on Taq man probe has been designed. Avirulent strains of HEV or MSDV can be effectively used as live vaccines. Novel vaccines include recombinant hexon protein-based subunit vaccines or recombinant virus-vectored vaccines using fowl poxvirus (FPV) expressing the native hexon of HEV. Notably, subunit vaccines and recombinant virus vectored vaccines altogether offer high protection against challenge or field viruses. Herein, we converse a comprehensive analysis of the HEV genetics, disease pathobiology, advancements in diagnosis and vaccination along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- a Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - Vasudevan Gowthaman
- b Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory , Veterinary College and Research Institute , Namakkal , Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- c Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- d Department of Microbiology , DUVASU , Mathura , India
| | - Swati Sachan
- a Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - M Asok Kumar
- a Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - M Palanivelu
- a Avian Diseases Section, Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- e Division of Biological Standardization , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- f Director, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - Muhammad Munir
- g Avian Viral Diseases Programme Compton Laboratory , Berkshire , UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alkie TN, Guenther R, Rautenschlein S. Molecular Characterization of Hemorrhagic Enteritis Viruses (HEV) Detected in HEV-Vaccinated Commercial Turkey Flocks in Germany. Avian Dis 2017; 61:96-101. [PMID: 28301232 DOI: 10.1637/11506-092916-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite the application of live hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) vaccines, HEV field outbreaks are suspected to still occur in turkey flocks in Germany. Increasing secondary bacterial infections in HEV-vaccinated flocks suggest that vaccines may be losing efficacy or, possibly, that vaccine strains are causing disease. Thus, the goal of the current study was to investigate the diversity of HEV isolates from fattening turkey flocks between 2008 and 2012 by characterizing the open reading frame (ORF)1 gene at its 5' and 3' ends. Analyses of ORF1 sequences of field isolates and comparison with sequences present in databases revealed that in many cases (13 out of 16 samples), vaccine (avirulent) strains were present. In addition, data indicated the circulation of suspected virulent field isolates and these isolates (3 out of 16) cluster with an early isolate from Germany in the 1980s, but show some mutations in the predicted amino acid (aa) sequences of ORF1 compared to the early isolate. These virulent isolates clearly differ from the spleen-derived avirulent Domermuth vaccine strain used in Germany. In this study, a unique isolate was identified and showed unusual nucleotide mutations that resulted in aa exchanges at the 5' end of ORF1 between aa positions 34 and 174. This genetic drift suggests evolution of HEV including virulent and vaccine-derived strains in the field. This may lead to evasion of vaccinal immunity by drifted viruses and/or an increase in the virulence of field strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamiru Negash Alkie
- A Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.,B Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald Guenther
- C Heidemark GmbH, Veterinary Laboratory, 39340 Haldensleben, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- A Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marek A, Kaján GL, Kosiol C, Benkő M, Schachner A, Hess M. Genetic diversity of species Fowl aviadenovirus D and Fowl aviadenovirus E. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2323-2332. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marek
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Győző L. Kaján
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carolin Kosiol
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mária Benkő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Schachner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee SY, Kim JH, Seo TK, No JS, Kim H, Kim WK, Choi HG, Kang SH, Song JW. Genetic and Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of a Novel Adenovirus in Antarctic Penguins Collected between 2008 and 2013. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157032. [PMID: 27309961 PMCID: PMC4911161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctica is considered a relatively uncontaminated region with regard to the infectious diseases because of its extreme environment, and isolated geography. For the genetic characterization and molecular epidemiology of the newly found penguin adenovirus in Antarctica, entire genome sequencing and annual survey of penguin adenovirus were conducted. The entire genome sequences of penguin adenoviruses were completed for two Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) and two Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua). The whole genome lengths and G+C content of penguin adenoviruses were found to be 24,630-24,662 bp and 35.5-35.6%, respectively. Notably, the presence of putative sialidase gene was not identified in penguin adenoviruses by Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE-PCR) as well as consensus specific PCR. The penguin adenoviruses were demonstrated to be a new species within the genus Siadenovirus, with a distance of 29.9-39.3% (amino acid, 32.1-47.9%) in DNA polymerase gene, and showed the closest relationship with turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3) in phylogenetic analysis. During the 2008-2013 study period, the penguin adenoviruses were annually detected in 22 of 78 penguins (28.2%), and the molecular epidemiological study of the penguin adenovirus indicates a predominant infection in Chinstrap penguin population (12/30, 40%). Interestingly, the genome of penguin adenovirus could be detected in several internal samples, except the lymph node and brain. In conclusion, an analysis of the entire adenoviral genomes from Antarctic penguins was conducted, and the penguin adenoviruses, containing unique genetic character, were identified as a new species within the genus Siadenovirus. Moreover, it was annually detected in Antarctic penguins, suggesting its circulation within the penguin population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Kun Seo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hankyeom Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gu Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kang
- Division of Polar Ocean Environment, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang X, Zhong Y, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Zhang H, Chen F, Chen W, Xie Q. Molecular characterization, phylogeny analysis and pathogenicity of a Muscovy duck adenovirus strain isolated in China in 2014. Virology 2016; 493:12-21. [PMID: 26989945 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize a novel adenovirus (AdV) isolated from diseased Muscovy ducks in China. After the AdV was successfully propagated in duck embryo fibroblasts, the morphological and physicochemical properties of the virions were studied by electron microscopy and different tests. The results of the analyses were in conformity with AdV properties. The full genome sequence was determined and analyzed. The new isolate (named CH-GD-12-2014) shared over 91% sequence identity with duck AdV-2 representing the species Duck aviadenovirus B. The most important distinguishing feature between the two DAdV strains was the presence of a second fiber gene in the Chinese isolate. Phylogeny reconstruction confirmed the affiliation of the virus with goose and duck AdVs in the genus Aviadenovirus. Experimental infection resulted in embryo death, and intramuscular inoculation provoked morbidity and mortality among ducks and chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yangjin Zhong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Expression and serological reactivity of hemorrhagic enteritis virus hexon protein. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2015; 61:227-32. [PMID: 26471497 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-015-0428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to express the recombinant hexon protein of the hemorrhagic enteritis virus, to establish the diagnostic value of this protein for serological detection of antibodies in turkey serum samples and to assess seroprevalence of the infection in the Czech Republic. The N' terminal part of the hexon protein was expressed in a bacterial expression system and used as an antigen in an ELISA test for the detection of hemorrhagic enteritis virus specific antibodies in turkey sera. Validation of the test was performed by comparison with a commercially available ELISA test. Serological reactivity was assessed on a panel of 126 turkey sera by a newly developed ELISA test. Serum samples were taken from turkey farms with the history of hemorrhagic enteritis virus infection, from farms with animals free of infection, and from turkey farms following vaccination. Both ELISA kits gave identical results (100 %) with the tested sera. ELISA based on the recombinant hexon protein thus proved useful and cheaper for detection of antibodies in turkey flocks infected with the hemorrhagic enteritis virus.
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh AK, Berbís MÁ, Ballmann MZ, Kilcoyne M, Menéndez M, Nguyen TH, Joshi L, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, Benkő M, Harrach B, van Raaij MJ. Structure and Sialyllactose Binding of the Carboxy-Terminal Head Domain of the Fibre from a Siadenovirus, Turkey Adenovirus 3. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139339. [PMID: 26418008 PMCID: PMC4587935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The virulent form of turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3), also known as turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus (THEV), is an economically important poultry pathogen, while the avirulent form is used as a vaccine. TAdV-3 belongs to the genus Siadenovirus. The carboxy-terminal region of its fibre does not have significant sequence similarity to any other adenovirus fibre heads of known structure. Two amino acid sequence differences between virulent and avirulent TAdV-3 map on the fibre head: where virulent TAdV-3 contains Ile354 and Thr376, avirulent TAdV-3 contains Met354 and Met376. We determined the crystal structures of the trimeric virulent and avirulent TAdV-3 fibre head domains at 2.2 Å resolution. Each monomer contains a beta-sandwich, which, surprisingly, resembles reovirus fibre head more than other adenovirus fibres, although the ABCJ-GHID topology is conserved in all. A beta-hairpin insertion in the C-strand of each trimer subunit embraces its neighbouring monomer. The avirulent and virulent TAdV-3 fibre heads are identical apart from the exact orientation of the beta-hairpin insertion. In vitro, sialyllactose was identified as a ligand by glycan microarray analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and crystallography. Its dissociation constant was measured to be in the mM range by isothermal titration calorimetry. The ligand binds to the side of the fibre head, involving amino acids Glu392, Thr419, Val420, Lys421, Asn422, and Gly423 binding to the sialic acid group. It binds slightly more strongly to the avirulent form. We propose that, in vivo, the TAdV-3 fibre may bind a sialic acid-containing cell surface component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhimanyu K. Singh
- Departamento de Estructura de Macromoléculas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Álvaro Berbís
- Departamento de Biología Física-Química, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónika Z. Ballmann
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Margarita Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Física-Biológica, Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC) and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), calle Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thanh H. Nguyen
- Departamento de Estructura de Macromoléculas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - F. Javier Cañada
- Departamento de Biología Física-Química, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Departamento de Biología Física-Química, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC bioGUNE), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mária Benkő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mark J. van Raaij
- Departamento de Estructura de Macromoléculas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar P, van den Hurk J, Ayalew LE, Gaba A, Tikoo SK. Proteomic analysis of purified turkey adenovirus 3 virions. Vet Res 2015; 46:79. [PMID: 26159706 PMCID: PMC4497381 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3) causes high mortality and significant economic losses to the turkey industry. However, little is known about the molecular determinants required for viral replication and pathogenesis. Moreover, TAdV-3 does not grow well in cell culture, thus detailed structural studies of the infectious particle is particularly challenging. To develop a better understanding of virus-host interactions, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of proteinase K treated purified TAdV-3 virions isolated from spleens of infected turkeys, by utilizing one-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Our analysis resulted in the identification of 13 viral proteins associated with TAdV-3 virions including a novel uncharacterized TaV3gp04 protein. Further, we detected 18 host proteins in purified virions, many of which are involved in cell-to cell spread, cytoskeleton dynamics and virus replication. Notably, seven of these host proteins have not yet been reported to be present in any other purified virus. In addition, five of these proteins are known antiviral host restriction factors. The availability of reagents allowed us to identify two cellular proteins (collagen alpha-1 (VI) chain and haemoglobin) in the purified TAdV-3 preparations. These results represent the first comprehensive proteomic profile of TAdV-3 and may provide information for illustrating TAdV-3 replication and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization -International Vaccine Center (VIDO- InterVac1), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E3, SK, Canada.
| | - Jan van den Hurk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization -International Vaccine Center (VIDO- InterVac1), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E3, SK, Canada.
| | - Lisanework E Ayalew
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization -International Vaccine Center (VIDO- InterVac1), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E3, SK, Canada.
| | - Amit Gaba
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization -International Vaccine Center (VIDO- InterVac1), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E3, SK, Canada.
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization -International Vaccine Center (VIDO- InterVac1), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E3, SK, Canada. .,Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5E5, SK, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alavarez JM, Ferreira CSA, Ferreira AJP. Enteric viruses in turkey flocks: a historic review. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-635x1603225-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
17
|
Complete genome sequences of pigeon adenovirus 1 and duck adenovirus 2 extend the number of species within the genus Aviadenovirus. Virology 2014; 462-463:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
18
|
Lee SY, Kim JH, Park YM, Shin OS, Kim H, Choi HG, Song JW. A novel adenovirus in Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) in Antarctica. Viruses 2014; 6:2052-61. [PMID: 24811321 PMCID: PMC4036538 DOI: 10.3390/v6052052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (family Adenoviridae) infect various organ systems and cause diseases in a wide range of host species. In this study, we examined multiple tissues from Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica), collected in Antarctica during 2009 and 2010, for the presence of novel adenoviruses by PCR. Analysis of a 855-bp region of the hexon gene of a newly identified adenovirus, designated Chinstrap penguin adenovirus 1 (CSPAdV-1), showed nucleotide (amino acid) sequence identity of 71.8% (65.5%) with South Polar skua 1 (SPSAdV-1), 71% (70%) with raptor adenovirus 1 (RAdV-1), 71.4% (67.6%) with turkey adenovirus 3 (TAdV-3) and 61% (61.6%) with frog adenovirus 1 (FrAdV-1). Based on the genetic and phylogenetic analyses, CSPAdV-1 was classified as a member of the genus, Siadenovirus. Virus isolation attempts from kidney homogenates in the MDTC-RP19 (ATCC® CRL-8135™) cell line were unsuccessful. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence of new adenovirus species in Antarctic penguins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | - Yon Mi Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| | - Hankyeom Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital, Seoul 152-703, Korea.
| | - Han-Gu Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul 136-705, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marek A, Ballmann MZ, Kosiol C, Harrach B, Schlötterer C, Hess M. Whole-genome sequences of two turkey adenovirus types reveal the existence of two unknown lineages that merit the establishment of novel species within the genus Aviadenovirus. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:156-170. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.057711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are eight species established for aviadenoviruses: Fowl adenovirus A–E, Goose adenovirus A, Falcon adenovirus A and Turkey adenovirus B. The aim of this study was to sequence and analyse the complete genomes of turkey adenovirus 4 (TAdV-4) and TAdV-5 (strain 1277BT) in addition to almost two-thirds of the genome of another TAdV-5 strain (strain D1648). By applying next-generation sequencing, the full genomes were found to be 42 940 and 43 686 bp and the G+C content was 48.5 and 51.6 mol% for TAdV-4 and TAdV-5, respectively. One fiber gene was identified in TAdV-4, whereas two fiber genes were found in TAdV-5. The genome organization of TAdV-4 resembled that of fowl adenovirus 5 (FAdV-5), but it had ORF1C near the left end of the genome. TAdV-4 also had five 123 bp tandem repeats followed by five 33 bp tandem repeats, but they occurred before and not after ORF8, as in several fowl adenoviruses. The genome organization of TAdV-5 was almost the same as that of FAdV-1 but with a possible difference in the splicing pattern of ORF11 and ORF26. Phylogenetic analyses and G+C content showed differences that seem to merit the establishment of two new species within the genus Aviadenovirus: Turkey adenovirus C (for TAdV-4) and Turkey adenovirus D (for TAdV-5). Our analyses suggest a common evolutionary origin of TAdV-5 and FAdV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marek
- Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mónika Z. Ballmann
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Carolin Kosiol
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Marek A, Kosiol C, Harrach B, Kaján GL, Schlötterer C, Hess M. The first whole genome sequence of a Fowl adenovirus B strain enables interspecies comparisons within the genus Aviadenovirus. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:250-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Partial characterization of a new adenovirus lineage discovered in testudinoid turtles. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 17:106-12. [PMID: 23567817 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the USA and in Hungary, almost simultaneously, adenoviruses of a putative novel lineage were detected by PCR and sequencing in turtles belonging to four different species (including two subspecies) of the superfamily Testudinoidea. In the USA, partial sequence of the adenoviral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase was obtained from samples of a captive pancake tortoise (Malacochersus tornieri), four eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) and two red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). In Hungary, several individuals of the latter subspecies as well as some yellow-bellied sliders (T. scripta scripta) were found to harbor identical, or closely related, putative new adenoviruses. From numerous attempts to amplify any other genomic fragment by PCR, only a nested method was successful, in which a 476-bp fragment of the hexon gene could be obtained from several samples. In phylogeny reconstructions, based on either DNA polymerase or hexon partial sequences, the putative new adenoviruses formed a clade distinct from the five accepted genera of the family Adenoviridae. Three viral sub-clades corresponding to the three host genera (Malacochersus, Terrapene, Trachemys) were observed. Attempts to isolate the new adenoviruses on turtle heart (TH-1) cells were unsuccessful. Targeted PCR screening of live and dead specimens revealed a prevalence of approximately 25% in small shelter colonies of red-eared and yellow-bellied sliders in Hungary. The potential pathology of these viruses needs further investigation; clinically healthy sliders were found to shed the viral DNA in detectable amounts. Based on the phylogenetic distance, the new adenovirus lineage seems to merit the rank of a novel genus.
Collapse
|
22
|
Marek A, Nolte V, Schachner A, Berger E, Schlötterer C, Hess M. Two fiber genes of nearly equal lengths are a common and distinctive feature of Fowl adenovirus C members. Vet Microbiol 2012; 156:411-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
23
|
Full genome analysis of a novel adenovirus from the South Polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki) in Antarctica. Virology 2011; 422:144-50. [PMID: 22078165 PMCID: PMC7111983 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses have been identified in humans and a wide range of vertebrate animals, but not previously from the polar region. Here, we report the entire 26,340-bp genome of a novel adenovirus, detected by PCR, in tissues of six of nine South Polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki), collected in Lake King Sejong, King George Island, Antarctica, from 2007 to 2009. The DNA polymerase, penton base, hexon and fiber genes of the South Polar skua adenovirus (SPSAdV) exhibited 68.3%, 75.4%, 74.9% and 48.0% nucleotide sequence similarity with their counterparts in turkey hemorrhagic enteritis virus. Phylogenetic analysis based on the entire genome revealed that SPSAdV belonged to the genus Siadenovirus, family Adenoviridae. This is the first evidence of a novel adenovirus, SPSAdV, from a large polar seabird (family Stercorariidae) in Antarctica.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kaján G, Sameti S, Benkő M. Partial sequence of the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase gene of fowl adenoviruses: a reference panel for a general diagnostic PCR in poultry. Acta Vet Hung 2011; 59:279-85. [PMID: 21665581 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2011.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses are frequent infectious agents in different poultry species. The traditional, serological typing of new isolates by virus neutralisation tests is now in transition to be replaced by PCR and sequencing. The first PCRs, recommended for the detection of adenoviruses, had been designed to target the gene of the major capsid protein, the hexon. In birds, members of three different genera of the family Adenoviridae may occur. Accordingly, three specific hexon PCRs had to be elaborated for the detection of adenoviruses in poultry. A significantly more sensitive PCR, targeting the viral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase gene, has been described recently. This method proved to be an efficient alternative for the general detection of adenoviruses irrespective of their genus affiliation. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs), isolated from chicken to date, comprise twelve serotypes classified into five virus species (FAdV-A to E). The polymerase gene sequence has been determined yet only from three FAdV types representing three species. In the present work, the panel of polymerase gene sequences was completed with those of the rest of FAdVs. The newly determined sequences will facilitate the identification of new FAdV isolates as an existing species or as a putative new FAdV. Once the polymerase sequence is known, more specific PCRs for the amplification of the hexon and other genes can be designed and performed according to the preliminary species classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Győző Kaján
- 1 Hungarian Academy of Sciences Veterinary Medical Research Institute P.O. Box 18 H-1581 Budapest Hungary
| | - Soroush Sameti
- 1 Hungarian Academy of Sciences Veterinary Medical Research Institute P.O. Box 18 H-1581 Budapest Hungary
| | - Mária Benkő
- 1 Hungarian Academy of Sciences Veterinary Medical Research Institute P.O. Box 18 H-1581 Budapest Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kovács ER, Benko M. Complete sequence of raptor adenovirus 1 confirms the characteristic genome organization of siadenoviruses. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2011; 11:1058-65. [PMID: 21463713 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the family Adenoviridae contains five genera, out of which Siadenovirus is one of the two least densely populated ones. A new member representing a new species in this genus has been detected in various birds of prey. The virus, named raptor adenovirus 1 (RAdV-1), could not be isolated, probably because no appropriate permissive cell-line was available. Partial genomic sequences, obtained by PCR and suggesting that the virus is a new siadenovirus species, have been published earlier. In the present paper, determination and analysis of the complete RAdV-1 genome are reported. This is the first complete genome sequence acquired from a non-isolated adenovirus (AdV). The sole source was a mixture of the internal organs of the diseased and dead birds. Until now, the genomic organization considered characteristic to siadenoviruses had been deduced from the detailed study of only two virus species, one of which originated from birds and the other from a frog. The present analysis of RAdV-1 confirmed the genus-specific genetic content and genomic features of siadenoviruses, and a putative novel gene was found as well. In general, AdVs and most of the AdV genera are thought to be strictly host specific. In the genus Siadenovirus, however, two virus species of rather divergent (avian and amphibian) host origin were present when the genus was found. Although by now the greatest number of known siadenoviruses infect birds, the original hosts of the genus remain unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endre R Kovács
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kaján GL, Stefancsik R, Ursu K, Palya V, Benkő M. The first complete genome sequence of a non-chicken aviadenovirus, proposed to be turkey adenovirus 1. Virus Res 2010; 153:226-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
27
|
Marek A, Günes A, Schulz E, Hess M. Classification of fowl adenoviruses by use of phylogenetic analysis and high-resolution melting-curve analysis of the hexon L1 gene region. J Virol Methods 2010; 170:147-54. [PMID: 20869988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A total of 44 fowl adenovirus (FAdV) samples from 6 European countries, Pakistan, India, Kuwait, Mexico, Peru and Ecuador were used in this study and the phylogenetic analyses based on the loop 1 (L1) region of hexon gene were performed. For comparison, available hexon sequences of representatives of different FAdV species were also used. At least 12 genotypes within the five FAdV species (A-E) were revealed and the existence of these genotypes was supported by high bootstrap values. Furthermore, three primer pairs binding to the conserved pedestal regions (HexL1s/HexL1as and HexA/HexB) and pedestal (P1) region and loop 2 (L2) region (HexF1/HexR1) of the FAdV hexon gene were used for high-resolution melting (HRM)-curve analysis and results were compared with those of phylogenetic analyses. HRM-curve analysis based on the HexL1s/HexL1as region grouped all tested field isolates and reference strains into 22 subgroups, consistently with phylogenetic analysis. This method is a rapid and cost-effective alternative to existing serotype identification methods and offers a possibility to classify FAdV isolates more precisely. However, it has limitations such as need for extensive interpretation of results and potential for indeterminate results. Gaining of hexon sequences of further field isolates offers the potential for novel and additional information in analysis of the molecular epidemiology of FAdV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marek
- Clinic for Avian, Reptile and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Katoh H, Ogawa H, Ohya K, Fukushi H. A review of DNA viral infections in psittacine birds. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:1099-106. [PMID: 20424393 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, several DNA viral infections have been reported in psittacine birds. Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is characterized by symmetric feather dystrophy and loss and development of beak deformities. PBFD is caused by beak and feather virus, which belongs to the Circoviridae, and is the most important infection in psittacine birds worldwide. Avian polyomavirus infection causes acute death, abdominal distention, and feather abnormalities. Pacheco's disease (PD), which is caused by psittacid herpesvirus type 1, is an acute lethal disease without a prodrome. Psittacine adenovirus infections are described as having a clinical progression similar to PD. The clinical changes in psittacine poxvirus-infected birds include serious ocular discharge, rhinitis, and conjunctivitis, followed by the appearance of ulcerations on the medial canthi of the eyes. Internal papillomatosis of parrots (IPP) is a tumor disease characterized by progressive development of papillomas in the oral and cloacal mucosa. IPP has been suggested to caused by papillomavirus or herpesvirus. However, information about these diseases is limited. Here we review the etiology, clinical features, pathology, epidemiology, and diagnosis of these DNA viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Katoh
- Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kovács ER, Jánoska M, Dán A, Harrach B, Benko M. Recognition and partial genome characterization by non-specific DNA amplification and PCR of a new siadenovirus species in a sample originating from Parus major, a great tit. J Virol Methods 2009; 163:262-8. [PMID: 19854219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A seemingly novel siadenovirus species was detected by PCR and sequencing in the sample of a great tit (Parus major) found dead in Hungary. Since the genus Siadenovirus has very few known members so far, further study of the virus was intriguing not only from epizootiological but also from taxonomical aspects. The sample, which had been tested in another PCR survey previously, consisted of less than 50 microl of extracted nucleic acid. To ensure sufficient target DNA for an extended study, the viral genome had to be preserved. To this end, the sample was subjected to a novel method of non-specific DNA amplification. Using the amplified DNA as target, different PCR and sequencing strategies were applied with consensus or specific primers for the study of the central genome part of the putative tit adenovirus. The sequence of supposedly one half (13,628 bp) of the genome was determined including eight full genes between the genes of the IVa2 and hexon proteins. The gene content of the viral genome fragment as well as the results of the phylogenetic analyses with different proteins confirmed the discovery of a new species in the genus Siadenovirus. This is the first report on the detection of an adenovirus in great tits. The methods, described in this work, proved suitable for the recovery of nucleic acid samples that contain irreplaceable microbial genomic DNA but are only available in limited quantities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endre R Kovács
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rivera S, Wellehan JFX, McManamon R, Innis CJ, Garner MM, Raphael BL, Gregory CR, Latimer KS, Rodriguez CE, Diaz-Figueroa O, Marlar AB, Nyaoke A, Gates AE, Gilbert K, Childress AL, Risatti GR, Frasca S. Systemic adenovirus infection in Sulawesi tortoises (Indotestudo forsteni) caused by a novel siadenovirus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:415-26. [PMID: 19564489 DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel siadenovirus was identified in the Sulawesi tortoise (Indotestudo forsteni). A group of 105 Sulawesi tortoises was obtained by the Turtle Survival Alliance. Many of the tortoises were in poor health. Clinical signs included anorexia, lethargy, mucosal ulcerations and palatine erosions of the oral cavity, nasal and ocular discharge, and diarrhea. Initial diagnostic tests included fecal testing for parasites, complete blood count and plasma biochemical analysis, mycoplasma serology, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for intranuclear coccidia and chelonian herpesvirus. Treatment included administration of antibiotics, antiparasitic medications, parenteral fluids, and nutritional support. Tissue samples from animals that died were submitted for histopathologic evaluation. Histopathologic examination revealed systemic inflammation and necrosis associated with intranuclear inclusions consistent with a systemic viral infection in 35 tortoises out of 50 examined. Fecal testing results and histopathologic findings revealed intestinal and hepatic amoebiasis and nematodiasis in 31 animals. Two of 5 tortoises tested by PCR were positive for Chlamydophila sp. Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli were cultured from multiple organs of 2 animals. The mycoplasma serology and PCR results for intranuclear coccidia and chelonian herpesvirus were negative. Polymerase chain reaction testing of tissues, plasma, and choanal/cloacal samples from 41 out of 42 tortoises tested were positive for an adenovirus, which was characterized by sequence analysis and molecular phylogenetic inference as a novel adenovirus of the genus Siadenovirus. The present report details the clinical and anatomic pathologic findings associated with systemic infection of Sulawesi tortoises by this novel Siadenovirus, which extends the known reptilian adenoviruses to the chelonians and extends the known genera of reptilian Adenoviridae beyond Atadenovirus to include the genus Siadenovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Rivera
- Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30315-1440, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wellehan JFX, Greenacre CB, Fleming GJ, Stetter MD, Childress AL, Terrell SP. Siadenovirus infection in two psittacine bird species. Avian Pathol 2009; 38:413-7. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450903183660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
33
|
Confirmation of a novel siadenovirus species detected in raptors: partial sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Virus Res 2008; 140:64-70. [PMID: 19061925 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Partial genome characterisation of a novel adenovirus, found recently in organ samples of multiple species of dead birds of prey, was carried out by sequence analysis of PCR-amplified DNA fragments. The virus, named as raptor adenovirus 1 (RAdV-1), has originally been detected by a nested PCR method with consensus primers targeting the adenoviral DNA polymerase gene. Phylogenetic analysis with the deduced amino acid sequence of the small PCR product has implied a new siadenovirus type present in the samples. Since virus isolation attempts remained unsuccessful, further characterisation of this putative novel siadenovirus was carried out with the use of PCR on the infected organ samples. The DNA sequence of the central genome part of RAdV-1, encompassing nine full (pTP, 52K, pIIIa, III, pVII, pX, pVI, hexon, protease) and two partial (DNA polymerase and DBP) genes and exceeding 12 kb pairs in size, was determined. Phylogenetic tree reconstructions, based on several genes, unambiguously confirmed the preliminary classification of RAdV-1 as a new species within the genus Siadenovirus. Further study of RAdV-1 is of interest since it represents a rare adenovirus genus of yet undetermined host origin.
Collapse
|
34
|
Farkas SL, Harrach B, Benko M. Completion of the genome analysis of snake adenovirus type 1, a representative of the reptilian lineage within the novel genus Atadenovirus. Virus Res 2007; 132:132-9. [PMID: 18166240 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequencing and analysis of snake adenovirus type 1 (SnAdV-1), originating from corn snake, were completed. This is the first full genomic sequence of an adenovirus from reptilian hosts. The presence of characteristic genus-common genes and transcription units, showed that SnAdV-1 shares similar genome organisation with members of the recently established genus Atadenovirus. Three novel open reading frames of yet unknown functions were found. One of these seemed to be related to a putative gene, the so-called 105R that has recently been described from the genome of the tree shrew adenovirus. The other two putative genes were found to be unique for SnAdV-1. On phylogenetic trees, SnAdV-1 clustered within the atadenovirus clade. Thereby the hypothesis on the reptilian origin of atadenoviruses was further strengthened. Interestingly, however, one of the most striking features of atadenoviruses, namely the base content heavily biased towards A+T, is not characteristic for SnAdV-1 having a genome of balanced composition with a G+C value of 50.21%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia L Farkas
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581, Budapest, P.O. Box 18, Hungary
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zsivanovits P, Monks DJ, Forbes NA, Ursu K, Raue R, Benkö M. Presumptive Identification of a Novel Adenovirus in a Harris Hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), a Bengal Eagle Owl (Bubo bengalensis), and a Verreaux's Eagle Owl (Bubo lacteus). J Avian Med Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1647/2005-008.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
36
|
Wellehan JFX, Johnson AJ, Latimer KS, Bischoff K, Lafortune M, Jacobson ER. Identification and Initial Characterization of an Adenovirus Associated With Fatal Hepatic and Lymphoid Necrosis in a Meyer's Parrot (Poicephalus meyeri). J Avian Med Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1647/2004-003.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
37
|
Pitcovski J, Fingerut E, Gallili G, Eliahu D, Finger A, Gutter B. A subunit vaccine against hemorrhagic enteritis adenovirus. Vaccine 2005; 23:4697-702. [PMID: 15998555 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) is an adenovirus that infects turkeys and causes immunosuppression and mortality. The virus used for the inactivated vaccine is extracted from spleens of infected turkeys, since its propagation in tissue cultures or embryonated eggs is unsuitable for mass production. The aim of this study was to develop a subunit vaccine based on a capsid protein of the virus. The knob protein, together with an adjacent part of the shaft domain pertaining to the fiber protein of HEV, was expressed in Escherichia coli and tested as a vaccine. Vaccination with this recombinant protein conferred protection against challenge in controlled and in floor-pen experiments. This finding suggests that the knob protein may be used as safe and efficient vaccine against hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys. The possibility that the knob proteins of other adenoviruses may be protective and serve as vaccine is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Pitcovski
- Migal, Immunology Department, South Industrial Area, P.O. Box 831, Kiryat Shmona 10200, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Raue R, Gerlach H, Müller H. Phylogenetic analysis of the hexon loop 1 region of an adenovirus from psittacine birds supports the existence of a new psittacine adenovirus (PsAdV). Arch Virol 2005; 150:1933-43. [PMID: 15968473 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus infections in psittacine birds have been well known. Most of these infections were caused by fowl adenoviruses (FAdV). In this study, liver samples showing typical histological signs of an adenovirus infection were collected from Poicephalus spp. with acute disease. A PCR amplifying the variable loop 1 region of the hexon gene was developed using primers located in two conserved pedestal regions. A PCR product of approximately 590 bp in size was amplified and sequenced. The sequence obtained grouped outside of the FAdV reference strains of the 12 serotypes as well as egg drop syndrome virus and turkey adenovirus 3 indicating that a new avian adenovirus was detected. In comparison to the FAdV reference strains, the percentage of identical nucleotides ranged between 60.3 and 67.0 and that of identical amino acids (aa) between 51.3 and 61.0. Furthermore, 37 unique aa exchanges were observed; out of these, 27 are located in the 4 hypervariable regions of loop 1, which encode the serotype-specific epitopes. The g/c content, the isoelectric point and the charge of the amplified fragment, however, are in the range as those of group I avian adenoviruses. It was proposed, therefore, to designate this new adenovirus as psittacine adenovirus (PsAdV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Raue
- Institute for Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Gene patenting is now a familiar commercial practice, but there is little awareness that several patents claim ownership of the complete genome sequence of a prokaryote or virus. When these patents are analysed and compared to those for other biological entities, it becomes clear that genome patents seek to exploit the genome as an information base and are part of a broader shift towards intangible intellectual property in genomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A O'Malley
- Egenis, the ESRC Centre for Genomics in Society, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Amphibians are a diverse group of species; much work remains to be done to elucidate the viruses of amphibians. Viral diseases may play an important role in wild and captive amphibian populations. Iridoviruses are a leading cause of wild amphibian mortality events in the United States and are a common cause of amphibian mortality events worldwide. In addition to frank viral diseases, viral infections may play a role in the establishment of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases and are an underlying cause of neoplasia. It is important for the amphibian clinician to recognize disease syndromes and pathology that are consistent with viral etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April J Johnson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wellehan JFX, Johnson AJ, Harrach B, Benkö M, Pessier AP, Johnson CM, Garner MM, Childress A, Jacobson ER. Detection and analysis of six lizard adenoviruses by consensus primer PCR provides further evidence of a reptilian origin for the atadenoviruses. J Virol 2004; 78:13366-9. [PMID: 15542689 PMCID: PMC525023 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.23.13366-13369.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2004] [Accepted: 07/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A consensus nested-PCR method was designed for investigation of the DNA polymerase gene of adenoviruses. Gene fragments were amplified and sequenced from six novel adenoviruses from seven lizard species, including four species from which adenoviruses had not previously been reported. Host species included Gila monster, leopard gecko, fat-tail gecko, blue-tongued skink, Tokay gecko, bearded dragon, and mountain chameleon. This is the first sequence information from lizard adenoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these viruses belong to the genus Atadenovirus, supporting the reptilian origin of atadenoviruses. This PCR method may be useful for obtaining templates for initial sequencing of novel adenoviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James F X Wellehan
- Zoological Medicine Service, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kovács GM, LaPatra SE, D'Halluin JC, Benko M. Phylogenetic analysis of the hexon and protease genes of a fish adenovirus isolated from white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) supports the proposal for a new adenovirus genus. Virus Res 2004; 98:27-34. [PMID: 14609627 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2003.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The organisation of the central part of the genome of a fish adenovirus (AdV) isolated from white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) was studied. The putative genes identified between those of the viral DNA polymerase and the pVIII protein showed no significant difference in size or localisation compared to other known non-mastadenoviral genomes. The complete nucleotide sequences of the hexon and the viral protease genes and the intergenic region in the white sturgeon adenovirus (WSAdV-1) were compared with members of the four official AdV genera. In the case of WSAdV-1, merely two nucleotides separated the hexon and the protease genes, while in the other AdVs certain genus-specific features were recognised. In distance analyses based on complete sequence of the hexon or the protease proteins, the clear separation of five groups was seen corresponding to the four accepted AdV genera and WSAdV-1. Although there were slight differences between the topologies of the phylogenetic trees, the results unambiguously confirmed the distinctness of WSAdV-1 thus supporting the establishment of a new, fifth AdV genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor M Kovács
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
This review provides an update of the genetic content, phylogeny and evolution of the family Adenoviridae. An appraisal of the condition of adenovirus genomics highlights the need to ensure that public sequence information is interpreted accurately. To this end, all complete genome sequences available have been reannotated. Adenoviruses fall into four recognized genera, plus possibly a fifth, which have apparently evolved with their vertebrate hosts, but have also engaged in a number of interspecies transmission events. Genes inherited by all modern adenoviruses from their common ancestor are located centrally in the genome and are involved in replication and packaging of viral DNA and formation and structure of the virion. Additional niche-specific genes have accumulated in each lineage, mostly near the genome termini. Capture and duplication of genes in the setting of a 'leader-exon structure', which results from widespread use of splicing, appear to have been central to adenovirus evolution. The antiquity of the pre-vertebrate lineages that ultimately gave rise to the Adenoviridae is illustrated by morphological similarities between adenoviruses and bacteriophages, and by use of a protein-primed DNA replication strategy by adenoviruses, certain bacteria and bacteriophages, and linear plasmids of fungi and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Davison
- MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK
| | - Mária Benkő
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bahr U, Schöndorf E, Handermann M, Darai G. Molecular anatomy of Tupaia (tree shrew) adenovirus genome; evolution of viral genes and viral phylogeny. Virus Genes 2003; 27:29-48. [PMID: 12913356 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025120418159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses are globally spread and infect species in all five taxons of vertebrates. Outstanding attention is focused on adenoviruses because of their transformation potential, their possible usability as vectors in gene therapy and their applicability in studies dealing with, e.g. cell cycle control, DNA replication, transcription, splicing, virus-host interactions, apoptosis, and viral evolution. The accumulation of genetic data provides the basis for the increase of our knowledge about adenoviruses. The Tupaia adenovirus (TAV) infects members of the genus Tupaiidae that are frequently used as laboratory animals in behavior research dealing with questions about biological and molecular processes of stress in mammals, in neurobiological and physiological studies, and as model organisms for human hepatitis B and C virus infections. In the present study the TAV genome underwent an extensive analysis including determination of codon usage, CG depletion, gene content, gene arrangement, potential splice sites, and phylogeny. The TAV genome has a length of 33,501 bp with a G+C content of 49.96%. The genome termini show a strong CG depletion that could be due to methylation of these genome regions during the viral replication cycle. The analysis of the coding capacity of the complete TAV genome resulted in the identification of 109 open reading frames (ORFs), of which 38 were predicted to be real viral genes. TAV was classified within the genus Mastadenovirus characterized by typical gene content, arrangement, and homology values of 29 conserved ORFs. Phylogenetic trees show that TAV is part of a separate evolutionary lineage and no mastadenovirus species can be considered as the most related. In contrast to other mastadenoviruses a direct ancestor of TAV captured a DUT gene from its mammalian host, presumably controlling local dUTP levels during replication and enhance viral replication in non-dividing host tissues. Furthermore, TAV possesses a second DNA-binding protein gene, that is likely to play a role in the determination of the host range. In view of these data it is conceivable that TAV underwent evolutionary adaptations to its biological environment resulting in the formation of special genomic components that provided TAV with the ability to expand its host range during viral evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Bahr
- Hygiene-Institute, Department of Virology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) has played a pre-eminent role in the analysis of transcription initiation in mammalian cells, and is an outstanding example of the ways in which the study of adenovirus has led to fundamental insights into general cellular processes. The aim of this chapter is to give a comprehensive review of the structure and function of this model mammalian promoter. After a brief description of late transcription in the adenovirus replication cycle, the experimental evidence for the current consensus on the genetic structure of the MLP, including a consideration of non-primate adenovirus MLPs, will be reviewed. Next, the functions of the MLP in the viral life cycle will be examined, and some of the problems that remain to be resolved will be addressed. The review ends with some ideas on how the knowledge of the structure and function of the MLP can be used in designing virus vectors for specific experimental purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S H Young
- Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Microbiology, 701W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
New advances in the field of genetic characterization of adenoviruses originating from different animal species are summarized. Variations seen in the host range and specificity, pathogenicity, genomic arrangement or gene complement are much wider than expected based on previous studies of human adenoviruses. Several exceptional adenoviruses from the two traditional conventional genera are now removed, and proposed to form at least two new genera. The eventual host origin of the new genera, however, is not clarified. Novel results from the genomic and phylogenetic analyses of adenoviruses originating from lower vertebrate species (including reptiles, amphibians and fish) seem to imply that probably five major clusters of adenoviruses exist corresponding to the five major classes of Vertebrata. Adenoviruses, which are now suspected to have common origin with enterobacterium phages from the family Tectiviridae, are perhaps very ancient indeed, and may have undergone a co-evolution with vertebrate hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Benkö
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, 1581 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schöndorf E, Bahr U, Handermann M, Darai G. Characterization of the complete genome of the Tupaia (tree shrew) adenovirus. J Virol 2003; 77:4345-56. [PMID: 12634391 PMCID: PMC150671 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.7.4345-4356.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2002] [Accepted: 01/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the family Adenoviridae are widely spread among vertebrate host species and normally cause acute but innocuous infections. Special attention is focused on adenoviruses because of their ability to transform host cells, their possible application in vector technology, and their phylogeny. The primary structure of the genome of Tupaia adenovirus (TAV), which infects Tupaia spp. (tree shrew) was determined. Tree shrews are taxonomically assumed to be at the base of the phylogenetic tree of mammals and are frequently used as laboratory animals in neurological and behavior research. The TAV genome is 33,501 bp in length with a G+C content of 49.96% and has 166-bp inverted terminal repeats. Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence resulted in the identification of 109 open reading frames (ORFs) with a coding capacity of at least 40 amino acid residues. Thirty-eight of them are predicted to encode viral proteins based on the presence of transcription and translation signals and sequence and positional conservation. Thirty viral ORFs were found to show significant similarities to known adenoviral genes, arranged into discrete early and late genome regions as they are known from mastadenoviruses. Analysis of the nucleotide content of the TAV genome revealed a significant CG dinucleotide depletion at the genome ends that suggests methylation of these genomic regions during the viral life cycle. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral gene products, including penton and hexon proteins, viral protease, terminal protein, protein VIII, DNA polymerase, protein IVa2, and 100,000-molecular-weight protein, revealed that the evolutionary lineage of TAV forms a separate branch within the phylogenetic tree of the Mastadenovirus genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schöndorf
- Hygiene-Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
We examined the transcriptional organization of fowl adenovirus 9 (FAdV-9) and analyzed temporal transcription profiles of its early and late mRNAs. At least six early and six late transcriptional regions were identified for FAdV-9. Extensive splicing was observed in all FAdV-9 early transcripts examined. Sequence analysis of the cDNAs representing the early proteins identified untranslated leader sequences, precise locations of splice donor and acceptor sites, as well as polyadenylation signals and polyadenylation sites. A unique characteristic, compared to other adenoviruses, was the detection by RT-PCR of multiple transcripts specific for each of five late genes (protein III, pVII, pX, 100K, and fiber), suggesting that FAdV-9 late transcripts undergo more extensive splicing than reported for other adenoviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davor Ojkic
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Benkó M, Elo P, Ursu K, Ahne W, LaPatra SE, Thomson D, Harrach B. First molecular evidence for the existence of distinct fish and snake adenoviruses. J Virol 2002; 76:10056-9. [PMID: 12208985 PMCID: PMC136508 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.19.10056-10059.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2002] [Accepted: 06/24/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From adenovirus-like viruses originating from a fish and a snake species, a conserved part of the adenoviral DNA polymerase gene was PCR amplified, cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the snake adenovirus is closely related to the members of the proposed genus Atadenovirus, whereas the fish isolate seems to represent a separate cluster, likely a new genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Benkó
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Farkas SL, Benkő M, Élő P, Ursu K, Dán Á, Ahne W, Harrach B. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses of an adenovirus isolated from a corn snake (Elaphe guttata) imply a common origin with members of the proposed new genus Atadenovirus. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:2403-2410. [PMID: 12237421 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-10-2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 60% of the genome of an adenovirus isolated from a corn snake (Elaphe guttata) was cloned and sequenced. The results of homology searches showed that the genes of the corn snake adenovirus (SnAdV-1) were closest to their counterparts in members of the recently proposed new genus ATADENOVIRUS: In phylogenetic analyses of the complete hexon and protease genes, SnAdV-1 indeed clustered together with the atadenoviruses. The characteristic features in the genome organization of SnAdV-1 included the presence of a gene homologous to that for protein p32K, the lack of structural proteins V and IX and the absence of homologues of the E1A and E3 regions. These characteristics are in accordance with the genus-defining markers of atadenoviruses. Comparison of the cleavage sites of the viral protease in core protein pVII also confirmed SnAdV-1 as a candidate member of the genus ATADENOVIRUS: Thus, the hypothesis on the possible reptilian origin of atadenoviruses (Harrach, Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 48, 484-490, 2000) seems to be supported. However, the base composition of DNA sequence (>18 kb) determined from the SnAdV-1 genome showed an equilibrated GC content of 51%, which is unusual for an atadenovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia L Farkas
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary1
| | - Mária Benkő
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary1
| | - Péter Élő
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary1
| | - Krisztina Ursu
- Central Veterinary Institute, PO Box 2, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary2
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary1
| | - Ádám Dán
- Central Veterinary Institute, PO Box 2, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary2
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary1
| | - Winfried Ahne
- Institute for Zoology, Fish Biology, Fish Diseases, University of München, Germany3
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 18, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary1
| |
Collapse
|