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Yang H, Tian J, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zhang G. The Application of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV): Vaccine Vectors and Tumor Therapy. Viruses 2024; 16:886. [PMID: 38932177 PMCID: PMC11209082 DOI: 10.3390/v16060886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian pathogen with an unsegmented negative-strand RNA genome that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. While primarily pathogenic in birds, NDV presents no threat to human health, rendering it a safe candidate for various biomedical applications. Extensive research has highlighted the potential of NDV as a vector for vaccine development and gene therapy, owing to its transcriptional modularity, low recombination rate, and lack of a DNA phase during replication. Furthermore, NDV exhibits oncolytic capabilities, efficiently eliciting antitumor immune responses, thereby positioning it as a promising therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. This article comprehensively reviews the biological characteristics of NDV, elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying its oncolytic properties, and discusses its applications in the fields of vaccine vector development and tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (J.T.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Soliman RM, Nishioka K, Murakoshi F, Nakaya T. Use of live attenuated recombinant Newcastle disease virus carrying avian paramyxovirus 2 HN and F protein genes to enhance immune responses against species A rotavirus VP6 protein. Vet Res 2024; 55:16. [PMID: 38317245 PMCID: PMC10845738 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous infectious diseases in cattle lead to reductions in body weight, milk production, and reproductive performance. Cattle are primarily vaccinated using inactivated vaccines due to their increased safety. However, inactivated vaccines generally result in weaker immunity compared with live attenuated vaccines, which may be insufficient in certain cases. Over the last few decades, there has been extensive research on the use of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a live vaccine vector for economically significant livestock diseases. A single vaccination dose of NDV can sufficiently induce immunity; therefore, a booster vaccination dose is expected to yield limited induction of further immune response. We previously developed recombinant chimeric NDV (rNDV-2F2HN), in which its hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins were replaced with those of avian paramyxovirus 2 (APMV-2). In vitro analysis revealed that rNDV-2F2HN expressing human interferon-gamma had potential as a cancer therapeutic tool, particularly for immunized individuals. In the present study, we constructed rNDV-2F2HN expressing the bovine rotavirus antigen VP6 (rNDV-2F2HN-VP6) and evaluated its immune response in mice previously immunized with NDV. Mice primarily inoculated with recombinant wild-type NDV expressing VP6 (rNDV-WT-VP6), followed by a booster inoculation of rNDV-2F2HN-VP6, showed a significantly stronger immune response than that in mice that received rNDV-WT-VP6 as both primary and booster inoculations. Therefore, our findings suggest that robust immunity could be obtained from the effects of chimeric rNDV-2F2HN expressing the same or a different antigen of a particular pathogen as a live attenuated vaccine vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rofaida Mostafa Soliman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases Division), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El‑Beheira, Egypt
| | - Keisuke Nishioka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumi Murakoshi
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Haas G, Lee B. Reverse Genetics Systems for the De Novo Rescue of Diverse Members of Paramyxoviridae. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2733:15-35. [PMID: 38064024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3533-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses place significant burdens on both human and wildlife health; while some paramyxoviruses are established within human populations, others circulate within diverse animal reservoirs. Concerningly, bat-borne paramyxoviruses have spilled over into humans with increasing frequency in recent years, resulting in severe disease. The risk of future zoonotic outbreaks, as well as the persistence of paramyxoviruses that currently circulate within humans, highlights the need for efficient tools through which to interrogate paramyxovirus biology. Reverse genetics systems provide scientists with the ability to rescue paramyxoviruses de novo, offering versatile tools for implementation in both research and public health settings. Reverse genetics systems have greatly improved over the past 30 years, with several key innovations optimizing the success of paramyxovirus rescue. Here, we describe the significance of such advances and provide a generally applicable guide for the development and use of reverse genetics systems for the rescue of diverse members of Paramyxoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Haas
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
The different technology platforms used to make poultry vaccines are reviewed. Vaccines based on classical technologies are either live attenuated or inactivated vaccines. Genetic engineering is applied to design by deletion, mutation, insertion, or chimerization, genetically modified target microorganisms that are used either as live or inactivated vaccines. Other vaccine platforms are based on one or a few genes of the target pathogen agent coding for proteins that can induce a protective immune response ("protective genes"). These genes can be expressed in vitro to produce subunit vaccines. Alternatively, vectors carrying these genes in their genome or nucleic acid-based vaccines will induce protection by in vivo expression of these genes in the vaccinated host. Properties of these different types of vaccines, including advantages and limitations, are reviewed, focusing mainly on vaccines targeting viral diseases and on technologies that succeeded in market authorization.
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Yu Z, Zhang Y, Li Z, Yu Q, Jia Y, Yu C, Chen J, Chen S, He L. Rapid construction of infectious clones for distinct Newcastle disease virus genotypes. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1178801. [PMID: 37303720 PMCID: PMC10248138 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1178801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The reverse genetics system of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has provided investigators with a powerful approach to understand viral molecular biology and vaccine development. It has been impressively improved with modified strategies since its first report, but it still poses some challenges. Most noteworthy, the genome complexity and length made full-length error-free cDNA assembly the most challenging and time-consuming step of NDV rescue. In the present study, we report a rapid full-length NDV genome construction with only a two-step ligation-independent cloning (LIC) strategy, which could be applied to distinct genotypes. In this approach, the genome of NDV was divided into two segments, and the cDNA clones were generated by RT-PCR followed by LIC. Subsequently, the infectious NDVs were rescued by co-transfection of the full-length cDNA clones and supporting plasmids expressing the NP, P, and L proteins of NDV in BHK-21 cells. Compared with the conventional cloning approaches, the two-step cloning method drastically reduced the number of cloning steps and saved researchers a substantial amount of time for constructing NDV infectious clones, thus enabling a rapid rescue of different genotypes of NDVs in a matter of weeks. Therefore, this two-step LIC cloning strategy may have an application to the rapid development of NDV-vectored vaccines against emerging animal diseases and the generation of different genotypes of recombinant NDVs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhua Yu
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zedian Li
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yanyan Jia
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jian Chen
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Songbiao Chen
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Lei He
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Wang S, Liang B, Wang W, Li L, Feng N, Zhao Y, Wang T, Yan F, Yang S, Xia X. Viral vectored vaccines: design, development, preventive and therapeutic applications in human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:149. [PMID: 37029123 PMCID: PMC10081433 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human diseases, particularly infectious diseases and cancers, pose unprecedented challenges to public health security and the global economy. The development and distribution of novel prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are the prioritized countermeasures of human disease. Among all vaccine platforms, viral vector vaccines offer distinguished advantages and represent prominent choices for pathogens that have hampered control efforts based on conventional vaccine approaches. Currently, viral vector vaccines remain one of the best strategies for induction of robust humoral and cellular immunity against human diseases. Numerous viruses of different families and origins, including vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies virus, parainfluenza virus, measles virus, Newcastle disease virus, influenza virus, adenovirus and poxvirus, are deemed to be prominent viral vectors that differ in structural characteristics, design strategy, antigen presentation capability, immunogenicity and protective efficacy. This review summarized the overall profile of the design strategies, progress in advance and steps taken to address barriers to the deployment of these viral vector vaccines, simultaneously highlighting their potential for mucosal delivery, therapeutic application in cancer as well as other key aspects concerning the rational application of these viral vector vaccines. Appropriate and accurate technological advances in viral vector vaccines would consolidate their position as a leading approach to accelerate breakthroughs in novel vaccines and facilitate a rapid response to public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Li
- China National Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
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He L, Wang H, Yu Z, Liao C, Ding K, Zhang C, Yu C, Zhang C. Rescue of an enterotropic Newcastle disease virus strain ZM10 from cloned cDNA and stable expressing an inserted foreign gene. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:38. [PMID: 36471312 PMCID: PMC9724440 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain ZM10, a typical enterotropic avirulent vaccine strain, has been widely used in China for chickens against Newcastle disease. To elucidate its enterotropic mechanism and develop recombiant multivalent vaccines based on it, the reverse genetics system for NDV ZM10 is an indispensable platform. RESULTS A full-length cDNA clone of NDV ZM10 and three supporting plasmids were constructed using the ligation-independent cloning method. Recombinant NDV rZM10 was successfully rescued after these plasmids were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells. Besides, the recombinant virus rZM10-RFP encoding the red fluorescent protein was generated by inserting the RFP gene into the full-length clone of NDV between the P and M genes. These rescued viruses were genetically and biologically identical to the parental strain and showed similar growth kinetics. CONCLUSION The recovery system of NDV ZM10 strain was established, and can be used as a foundation for research on the enterotropic mechanism and development of multivalent vaccines against viral diseases of livestock and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Hairong Wang
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Zuhua Yu
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Chengshui Liao
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Ke Ding
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Cai Zhang
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, 471900 Henan China
| | - Chunjie Zhang
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
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Foreign gene expression attenuates a virulent Newcastle disease virus in chickens. Virus Genes 2022; 58:414-422. [PMID: 35751792 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an important pathogen for poultry and is used as a vector for developing novel poultry vaccines. Previous studies showed that foreign gene insertion in NDV vector decreases virulence determined by in vitro assays; however, the impact of foreign gene expression on the pathogenicity of NDV in susceptible chickens is not fully investigated. In this study, a recombinant NDV based on a velogenic strain carrying the orange fluorescent protein (OFP) gene between the phosphoprotein (P) and matrix (M) genes was generated using reverse genetics. Biological characteristics, including virus replication, virulence, and OFP expression, and the pathogenicity in chickens were evaluated. The recombinant NDV showed comparable replication capacity in eggs and cells as the parental virus, whereas OFP insertion resulted in a mild impairment of virulence, evidenced by longer mean death time in embryos. High OFP expression was detected in the cells inoculated with the recombinant NDV. In addition, the recombinant NDV induced delayed onset of disease, lower severity of clinical signs, and lower mortality in chickens compared to the parental virus. Moreover, high titers of the parental virus were detected in the spleen, lung, and intestinal tract, while no recombinant NDV was recovered from these tissues. Our findings suggest that in vitro characteristics related to the insertion of the OFP gene in a virulent NDV do not correlate to alteration of the pathogenicity in chickens. Our results provided new information regarding assessment of the impact of foreign gene expression on the pathogenicity of NDV.
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Vilela J, Rohaim MA, Munir M. Avian Orthoavulavirus Type-1 as Vaccine Vector against Respiratory Viral Pathogens in Animal and Human. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:259. [PMID: 35214716 PMCID: PMC8876055 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian orthoavulaviruses type-1 (AOaV-1) have recently transitioned from animal vaccine vector to a bona fide vaccine delivery vehicle in human. Owing to induction of robust innate and adaptive immune responses in mucus membranes in both birds and mammals, AOaVs offer an attractive vaccine against respiratory pathogens. The unique features of AOaVs include over 50 years of safety profile, stable expression of foreign genes, high infectivity rates in avian and mammalian hosts, broad host spectrum, limited possibility of recombination and lack of pre-existing immunity in humans. Additionally, AOaVs vectors allow the production of economical and high quantities of vaccine antigen in chicken embryonated eggs and several GMP-grade mammalian cell lines. In this review, we describe the biology of AOaVs and define protocols to manipulate AOaVs genomes in effectively designing vaccine vectors. We highlighted the potential and established portfolio of AOaV-based vaccines for multiple respiratory and non-respiratory viruses of veterinary and medical importance. We comment on the limitations of AOaV-based vaccines and propose mitigations strategies. The exploitation of AOaVs vectors is expanding at an exciting pace; thus, we have limited the scope to their use as vaccines against viral pathogens in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Vilela
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK; (J.V.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Mohammed A. Rohaim
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK; (J.V.); (M.A.R.)
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK; (J.V.); (M.A.R.)
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Kim SH, Shirvani E, Samal S. Avian Paramyxoviruses as Vectors for Vaccine Development. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2411:63-73. [PMID: 34816398 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1888-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) have gained a great attention to be developed as vaccine vectors against human and veterinary pathogens. Avirulent APMVs are highly safe to be used as vaccine vectors for avian and non-avian species. APMV vectored vaccines induce robust cellular and humoral immune responses in a broad range of hosts. APMV vectors can be a good platform by facilitating rapid generation of vaccines against emerging pathogens. In this chapter, we discuss application of reverse genetics of APMVs for vaccine development, design of APMV vectored vaccines, cloning of protective antigen(s) into a vector, recovery of vectored vaccines and characterization of generated vaccine viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hee Kim
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Edris Shirvani
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Siba Samal
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Dual Promoters Improve the Rescue of Recombinant Measles Virus in Human Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091723. [PMID: 34578303 PMCID: PMC8471996 DOI: 10.3390/v13091723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse genetics is a technology that allows the production of a virus from its complementary DNA (cDNA). It is a powerful tool for analyzing viral genes, the development of novel vaccines, and gene delivery vectors. The standard reverse genetics protocols are laborious, time-consuming, and inefficient for negative-strand RNA viruses. A new reverse genetics platform was established, which increases the recovery efficiency of the measles virus (MV) in human 293-3-46 cells. The novel features compared with the standard system involving 293-3-46 cells comprise (a) dual promoters containing the RNA polymerase II promoter (CMV) and the bacteriophage T7 promoter placed in uni-direction on the same plasmid to enhance RNA transcription; (b) three G nucleotides added just after the T7 promoter to increase the T7 RNA polymerase activity; and (c) two ribozymes, the hairpin hammerhead ribozyme (HHRz), and the hepatitis delta virus ribozyme (HDVrz), were used to cleavage the exact termini of the antigenome RNA. Full-length antigenome cDNA of MV of the wild type IC323 strain or the vaccine AIK-C strain was inserted into the plasmid backbone. Both virus strains were easily rescued from their respective cloned cDNA. The rescue efficiency increased up to 80% compared with the use of the standard T7 rescue system. We assume that this system might be helpful in the rescue of other human mononegavirales.
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Wen H, Zhao L, Song Y, Wang Z. The effect of the HRB linker of Newcastle disease virus fusion protein on the fusogenic activity. J Microbiol 2021; 59:513-521. [PMID: 33779959 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease, designated a class A disease of poultry by the Office international des epizooties (OIE), is an acute infection caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The merging of the envelope of NDV with the membrane of a target host cell is the key step in the infection pathway, which is driven by the concerted action of two glycoproteins: haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) protein. When the HN protein binds to the host cell surface receptor, the F protein is activated to mediate fusion. The three-dimensional structure of the F protein has been reported to have low electron density between the DIII domain and the HRB domain, and this electron-poor region is defined as the HRB linker. To clarify the contributing role of the HRB linker in the NDV F protein-mediated fusion process, 6 single amino acid mutants were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis of the HRB linker. The expression of the mutants and their abilities to mediate fusion were analysed, and the key amino acids in the HRB linker were identified as L436, E439, I450, and S453, as they can modulate the fusion ability or expression of the active form to a certain extent. The data shed light on the crucial role of the F protein HRB linker in the acquisition of a normal fusogenic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yanan Huang
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hongling Wen
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Murulitharan K, Yusoff K, Omar AR, Peeters BPH, Molouki A. Rapid Generation of a Recombinant Genotype VIII Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Using Full-Length Synthetic cDNA. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1458-1465. [PMID: 33660046 PMCID: PMC7929900 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rescue of (-)ssRNA viruses involves the sequential assembly and cloning of the full-length cDNA, which is often a challenging and time-consuming process. The objective of this study was to develop a novel method to rapidly clone the full-length cDNA of a very virulent NDV by only one assembly step. A completely synthetic 15 kb cDNA of a Malaysian genotype VIII NDV known as strain AF2240-I with additional flanking BsmBI sites was synthesised. However, to completely follow the rule-of-six, the additional G residues that are traditionally added after the T7 promoter transcription initiation site were not synthesised. The synthetic fragment was then cloned into low-copy number transcription vector pOLTV5-phiX between the T7 promoter and HDV Rz sequences through digestion with BbsI. The construct was co-transfected with helper plasmids into BSRT7/5 cells. A recombinant NDV called rAF was successfully rescued using transfection supernatant harvested as early as 16 h post-transfection. Virus from each passage showed an intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and a mean death time (MDT) similar to the parent strain AF2240-I. Moreover, rAF possessed an introduced mutation which was maintained for several passages. The entire rescue using the one-step assembly procedure was completed within a few weeks, which is extremely fast compared to previously used methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ben P H Peeters
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
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Elbehairy MA, Khattar SK, Samal SK. Recovery of Recombinant Avian Paramyxovirus Type-3 Strain Wisconsin by Reverse Genetics and Its Evaluation as a Vaccine Vector for Chickens. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020316. [PMID: 33669530 PMCID: PMC7922763 DOI: 10.3390/v13020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A reverse genetic system for avian paramyxovirus type-3 (APMV-3) strain Wisconsin was created and the infectious virus was recovered from a plasmid-based viral antigenomic cDNA. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was cloned into the recombinant APMV-3 genome as a foreign gene. Stable expression of GFP by the recovered virus was confirmed for at least 10 consecutive passages. APMV-3 strain Wisconsin was evaluated against APMV-3 strain Netherlands and APMV-1 strain LaSota as a vaccine vector. The three viral vectors expressing GFP as a foreign protein were compared for level of GFP expression level, growth rate in chicken embryo fibroblast (DF-1) cells, and tissue distribution and immunogenicity in specific pathogen-free (SPF) day-old chickens. APMV-3 strain Netherlands showed highest growth rate and GFP expression level among the three APMV vectors in vitro. APMV-3 strain Wisconsin and APMV-1 strain LaSota vectors were mainly confined to the trachea after vaccination of day-old SPF chickens without any observable pathogenicity, whereas APMV-3 strain Netherlands showed wide tissue distribution in different body organs (brain, lungs, trachea, and spleen) with mild observable pathogenicity. In terms of immunogenicity, both APMV-3 strain-vaccinated groups showed HI titers two to three fold higher than that induced by APMV-1 strain LaSota vaccinated group. This study offers a novel paramyxovirus vector (APMV-3 strain Wisconsin) which can be used safely for vaccination of young chickens as an alternative for APMV-1 strain LaSota vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Elbehairy
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (M.A.E.); (S.K.K.)
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Sunil K. Khattar
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (M.A.E.); (S.K.K.)
| | - Siba K. Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (M.A.E.); (S.K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(301)314-6813
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15
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Yeong MY, Cheow PS, Abdullah S, Song AAL, Lei-Rossmann J, Tan TK, Yusoff K, Chia SL. Development of a T7 RNA polymerase expressing cell line using lentivirus vectors for the recovery of recombinant Newcastle disease virus. J Virol Methods 2021; 291:114099. [PMID: 33592218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) expressing cell line i.e. BSR T7/5 cells marks an improvement of reverse genetics for the recovery of recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV). BSR T7/5 is developed by transient transfection of plasmid encoding T7 RNAP gene for rNDV rescue. However, the gene expression decreases gradually over multiple passages and eventually hinders the rescue of rNDV. To address this issue, lentiviral vector was used to develop T7 RNAP-expressing HEK293-TA (HEK293-TA-Lv-T7) and SW620 (SW620-Lv-T7) cell lines, evidenced by the expression of T7 RNAP after subsequent 20 passages. rNDV was rescued successfully using HEK293-TA-Lv-T7 clones (R1D3, R1D8, R5B9) and SW620-Lv-T7 clones (R1C11, R3C5) by reverse transfection, yielding comparable virus rescue efficiency and virus titres to that of BSR T7/5. This study provides new tools for rNDV rescue and insights into cell line development and virology by reverse genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yue Yeong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Pheik-Sheen Cheow
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Adelene Ai-Lian Song
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Janet Lei-Rossmann
- Anticancer Viruses and Cancer Vaccines Research Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Tiong-Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Suet-Lin Chia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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16
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Meng Q, He J, Zhong L, Zhao Y. Advances in the Study of Antitumour Immunotherapy for Newcastle Disease Virus. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2294-2302. [PMID: 33967605 PMCID: PMC8100649 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.59185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the preclinical research, clinical application and development of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in the field of cancer therapy. Based on the distinctive antitumour properties of NDV and its positive interaction with the patient's immune system, this biologic could be considered a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. On one hand, NDV infection creates an inflammatory environment in the tumour microenvironment, which can directly activate NK cells, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and promote the recruitment of immune cells. On the other hand, NDV can induce the upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules, which may break immune tolerance and immune checkpoint blockade resistance. In fact, clinical data have shown that NDV combined with immune checkpoint blockade can effectively enhance the antitumour response, leading to the regression of local tumours and distant tumours when injected, and this effect is further enhanced by targeted manipulation and modification of the NDV genome. At present, recombinant NDV and recombinant NDV combined with immune checkpoint blockers have entered different stages of clinical trials. Based on these studies, further research on NDV is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxing Meng
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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17
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Wang N, Huang M, Fung TS, Luo Q, Ye JX, Du QR, Wen LH, Liu DX, Chen RA. Rapid Development of an Effective Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine Candidate by Attenuation of a Genotype VII Velogenic Isolate Using a Simple Infectious Cloning System. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:648. [PMID: 33094109 PMCID: PMC7528561 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotype-matched vaccines provide ideal protection against infection caused by new Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotypes or variants even in the vaccinated chickens. In this study, we report a protocol for attenuation and rapid development of a velogenic NDV isolate as an effective vaccine candidate, using a simple and reliable infectious cloning platform. Based on DHN3, a genotype VII velogenic NDV isolate, recombinant rDHN3 was rescued by co-transfection of plasmids expressing the genomic RNA, NDV proteins NP, P and L, and the T7 polymerase without using a helper virus. Subsequently, an attenuated strain rDHN3-mF was produced by substitution of residues from amino acids 112 to 117 in the DHN3 F protein with the corresponding sequence from the LaSota strain. Both rDHN3 and rDHN3-mF are genetically stable during propagation in cell culture and chicken embryos. Further characterization through determination of EID50, MDT and clinical assessments confirmed that rDHN3 is velogenic and rDHN3-mF lentogenic. Vaccination of one-week-old SPF chicks with inactivated rDHN3-mF produced much higher anti-DHN3 antibody response and better protection against live DHN3 challenge than did the commercial LaSota vaccine, providing 100% protection and much earlier viral clearance. This attenuated NDV isolate would merit further development into a vaccine product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Wang
- South China Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - To Sing Fung
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- South China Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jun Xian Ye
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Qian Ru Du
- South China Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Hai Wen
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals & Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- South China Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, China.,Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
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18
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Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for SARS-CoV-2. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080619. [PMID: 32751194 PMCID: PMC7459537 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 16 million infections and more than 600,000 deaths worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, several strategies are being pursued to develop a safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, each vaccine strategy has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is important to evaluate multiple vaccine platforms to select the most efficient vaccine platform for SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian virus, has several well-suited properties for development of a vector vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we elaborate on the idea of considering NDV as a vaccine vector for SARS-CoV-2.
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19
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Hu Z, Ni J, Cao Y, Liu X. Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for 20 Years: A Focus on Maternally Derived Antibody Interference. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020222. [PMID: 32422944 PMCID: PMC7349365 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been 20 years since Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was first used as a vector. The past two decades have witnessed remarkable progress in vaccine generation based on the NDV vector and optimization of the vector. Protective antigens of a variety of pathogens have been expressed in the NDV vector to generate novel vaccines for animals and humans, highlighting a great potential of NDV as a vaccine vector. More importantly, the research work also unveils a major problem restraining the NDV vector vaccines in poultry, i.e., the interference from maternally derived antibody (MDA). Although many efforts have been taken to overcome MDA interference, a lack of understanding of the mechanism of vaccination inhibition by MDA in poultry still hinders vaccine improvement. In this review, we outline the history of NDV as a vaccine vector by highlighting some milestones. The recent advances in the development of NDV-vectored vaccines or therapeutics for animals and humans are discussed. Particularly, we focus on the mechanisms and hypotheses of vaccination inhibition by MDA and the efforts to circumvent MDA interference with the NDV vector vaccines. Perspectives to fill the gap of understanding concerning the mechanism of MDA interference in poultry and to improve the NDV vector vaccines are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yongzhong Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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20
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Murr M, Karger A, Steglich C, Mettenleiter TC, Römer-Oberdörfer A. Coexpression of soluble and membrane-bound avian influenza virus H5 by recombinant Newcastle disease virus leads to an increase in antigen levels. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:473-483. [PMID: 32209169 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectors expressing avian influenza virus (AIV) haemagglutinin (HA) of subtype H5 simultaneously protect chickens from Newcastle disease (ND) as well as avian influenza (AI). The expressed, membrane-bound surface protein HA is incorporated into virions while soluble HA has been described as a potent antigen. We tested whether co-expression of both HA variants from the same NDV vector increased the overall level of HA, which could be important for optimal immunogenicity. Recombinant NDVsolH5_H5 co-expressed membrane-bound H5 of highly pathogenic (HP) AIV H5N1, detectable in infected cells, and soluble H5, which was secreted into the supernatant. This virus was compared to recombinant NDV that express either membrane-bound (rNDVH5) or soluble H5 (rNDVsolH5). Replication in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) and in cell culture, as well as pathogenicity in ECEs, was not influenced by the second heterologous transcriptional unit. However, the co-expression of soluble H5 with membrane-bound H5 increased total protein level about 5.25-fold as detected by MS quantification. Hence, this virus is very interesting as a vaccine virus in chickens against HPAIV infections in situations in which previous H5-expressing NDVs have reached their limit, such as in the face of pre-existing AIV maternal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Murr
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Constanze Steglich
- Present address: Ceva Riems GmbH, An der Wiek 7, 17493 Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angela Römer-Oberdörfer
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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21
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Meyer M, Yoshida A, Ramanathan P, Saphire EO, Collins PL, Crowe JE, Samal S, Bukreyev A. Antibody Repertoires to the Same Ebola Vaccine Antigen Are Differentially Affected by Vaccine Vectors. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1816-1829. [PMID: 30110638 PMCID: PMC6145141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative immune response profiling is important for selecting next-generation vaccines. We comprehensively evaluated the antibody responses from a panel of nine respiratory vaccines against Ebola virus (EBOV) derived from human and avian paramyxoviruses expressing EBOV glycoprotein (GP). Most vaccines were protective in guinea pigs but yielded antibody repertoires that differed in proportion targeting key antigenic regions, avidity, neutralizing antibody specificities, and linear epitope preferences. Competition studies with monoclonal antibodies from human survivors revealed that some epitopes in GP targeted for neutralization were vector dependent, while EBOV-neutralizing titers correlated with the response magnitude toward the receptor-binding domain and GP1/GP2 interface epitopes. While an immunogen determines the breadth of antibody response, distinct vaccine vectors can induce qualitatively different responses, affecting protective efficacy. These data suggest that immune correlates of vaccine protection cannot be generalized for all vaccines against the same pathogen, even if they use the exact same immunogen.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibody Affinity
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Ebola Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Ebola Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Ebola Vaccines/genetics
- Ebolavirus/drug effects
- Ebolavirus/genetics
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Guinea Pigs
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/mortality
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Immune Sera/chemistry
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Meyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Asuka Yoshida
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Palaniappan Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter L Collins
- RNA Virology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Siba Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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22
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Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Expressing Sigma C Protein of Avian Reovirus (ARV) Protects against Both ARV and NDV in Chickens. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030145. [PMID: 31510020 PMCID: PMC6789743 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) and avian reovirus (ARV) infections are a serious threat to the poultry industry, which causes heavy economic losses. The mesogenic NDV strain R2B is commonly used as a booster vaccine in many Asian countries to control the disease. In this seminal work, a recombinant NDV strain R2B expressing the sigma C (σC) gene of ARV (rNDV-R2B-σC) was generated by reverse genetics, characterized in vitro and tested as a bivalent vaccine candidate in chickens. The recombinant rNDV-R2B-σC virus was attenuated as compared to the parent rNDV-R2B virus as revealed by standard pathogenicity assays. The generated vaccine candidate, rNDV-R2B-σC, could induce both humoral and cell mediated immune responses in birds and gave complete protection against virulent NDV and ARV challenges. Post-challenge virus shedding analysis revealed a drastic reduction in NDV shed, as compared to unvaccinated birds.
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23
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Molouki A, Nagy A. Rescue of recombinant Newcastle disease virus: a promising vector with two decades of intensive vaccine research. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two decades have passed since the first reverse genetics system for the rescue of recombinant Newcastle disease virus was developed. Since then, the recombinant Newcastle disease virus vector has shown promising results as a safe and potent vector for development of many vaccines for both avian and human use. Herein, we review several technical topics that would be useful to further understanding of this technology. First, the effect of using helper plasmids encoding proteins belonging to strains other than the full-length cDNA and the possible incorporation of these expressed proteins into progeny virus will be discussed. Then, we will discuss the effect of removal of additional G residues from the T7 initiation sequence and finally, we will review different ways to improve rescue efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Disease Research & Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Abdou Nagy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Ash Sharqyiah 44519, Egypt
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Newcastle disease virus mediated apoptosis and migration inhibition of human oral cancer cells: A probable role of β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase-7. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10882. [PMID: 31350432 PMCID: PMC6659693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell metastasis and its dissemination are most enigmatic and challenging aspects in the development of its therapeutics. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a well-studied avian paramyxovirus frequently isolated from birds and rarely from mammals. Since the first report of its oncolytic property, many NDV strains were studied for its effect in various cancer cells. In the present study, NDV strain Bareilly was characterized for its apoptotic potential and migration inhibition in human oral cancer cells. The NDV mediated apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry, DNA laddering, and immunoblotting. Moreover, NDV decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential suggesting an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in oral cancer cells. NDV infection in oral cancer cells results in migration inhibition by a reduction in levels of MMP-7. MMP-7 is one of the key target genes of β-catenin. While overexpression of MMP-7 reversed the inhibitory effect of NDV mediated migration suggested its possible involvement. Wnt/β-catenin is an essential pathway for cell growth, differentiation, and metastasis. The involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in NDV infection has never been reported. Our results showed that NDV dysregulates Wnt/β-catenin by down-regulation of p-Akt and p-GSK3β leading to degradation of β-catenin. Furthermore, NDV infection leads to a reduction in cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of β-catenin. The study will provide us with a better insight into the molecular mechanism of NDV mediated oncolysis and the key cellular partners involved in the process.
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Liu Y, Sun C, Chi M, Wen H, Zhao L, Song Y, Liu N, Wang Z. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus from China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103958. [PMID: 31299322 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The avian infectious disease, Newcastle disease (ND), caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can cause severe economic losses to poultry whether vaccinated or not in many countries. In this study, a strain of NDV isolated from an outbreak in China was subjected to biological, phylogenetic and genetic characterization. The results showed that the mean death time (MDT) was 52.4 h and the intracerebral pathogenicity indices (ICPI) value was 1.95. In addition, amino acid sequencing result showed that it had a sequence 112R-R-Q-R-R↓F117 at fusion protein cleaving site (FPCS) indicating a velogenic strain. And its genome length is 15,192 nucleotide (nt) with the conserved complementary 3' leader and 5' trailer regions encoding six genes, 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. Based on phylogenetic analyses for hyper-variable region and complete genome of F gene, the strain studied here can be clustered into genotype IX, Class II, which has little evolution distance with strains of genotype III, being considered as a transitional strain in the evolution history of NDV. The rescue of infectious cDNA is proceeded in 9-day-old embryonated SPF chicken eggs. Despite the death of the first generation, the allantoic fluid harvested from the first generation lost its pathogenicity after passage. And we found the phenomenon happened due to the antibody appearing in the allantoic fluid. These findings offer our understanding of circulating strains of NDV in China and lay scientific foundations for making more efficient vaccines for Newcastle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Liu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chengxi Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Miaomiao Chi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongling Wen
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; The Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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RETRACTED: Evaluation of imidazole and its derivative against Newcastle disease virus infection in chicken: A drug repurposing approach. Virus Res 2019; 260:114-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hu H, Roth JP, Yu Q. Generation of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing two foreign genes for use as a multivalent vaccine and gene therapy vector. Vaccine 2018; 36:4846-4850. [PMID: 30037477 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been used as a vector in the development of vaccines and gene therapy. A majority of these NDV vectors express only a single foreign gene through either an independent transcription unit (ITU) or an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES). In the present study, we combined the ITU and IRES methods to generate a novel NDV LaSota strain-based recombinant virus vectoring the red fluorescence protein (RFP) and the green fluorescence protein (GFP) genes. Biological assessments of the recombinant virus, rLS/IRES-RFP/GFP, showed that it was slightly attenuated in vivo, yet maintained similar growth dynamics and viral yields in vitro when compared to the parental LaSota virus. Expression of both the RFP and GFP was detected from the rLS/IRES-RFP/GFP virus-infected DF-1 cells by fluorescence microscopy. These data suggest that the rLS/IRES-RFP/GFP virus may be used as a multivalent vector for the development of vaccines and gene therapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Jason P Roth
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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Sun M, Dong J, Li L, Lin Q, Sun J, Liu Z, Shen H, Zhang J, Ren T, Zhang C. Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) pre-membrane and envelope proteins protects ducks against DTMUV and NDV challenge. Vet Microbiol 2018; 218:60-69. [PMID: 29685222 PMCID: PMC7117350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Firstly generated a NDV-vectored Duck Tembusu Virus (DTMUV) bivalent vaccine that expressing the pre-membrane and envelope proteins of DTMUV. Evaluated the efficacy of the NDV-vectored Duck Tembusu Virus bivalent vaccine. Provided a new method for NDV and DTMUV controlling in waterfowl.
The newly emerged Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is responsible for considerable economic loss in waterfowl-raising areas in China since 2010. Meanwhile, the virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has also caused sporadic outbreaks in waterfowl. The individual vaccines against both diseases are available, however, there is no bivalent or combined vaccine for either disease. Here, we constructed a recombinant NDV-vectored vaccine candidate that expresses the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes from DTMUV, designated as aGM/prM + E. The foreign prM and E proteins were stably expressed in aGM/prM + E and exhibited similar pathogenicity but higher growth kinetics than those of the parental virus. The aGM/prM + E carries a fusion cleavage site in accordance with avirulent viruses that have been frequently isolated from waterfowl, and induced remarkably (p < 0.001) higher NDV-specific hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers than commercially available live NDV vaccines (LaSota strain). The aGM/prM + E also elicited significantly higher (p < 0.05) virus neutralization (VN) titers than commercially available DTMUV inactivated vaccines (HB strain). The aGM/prM + E not only provided complete protection against NDV challenge but also reduced the gross lesions on ovarian folliculi and provided 80% protection against DTMUV in ducks. We note that the aGM/prM + E vaccine can prevent challenged ducks from shedding of NDV and DTMUV. Our results suggest that the candidate vaccine aGM/prM + E would help decrease NDV and DTMUV transmissions in waterfowl raising areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiuyan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junying Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishigang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kim SH, Samal SK. Reverse Genetics for Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 48:18.5.1-18.5.12. [PMID: 29512119 DOI: 10.1002/cpmc.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an economically important pathogen in the poultry industry worldwide. Recovery of infectious NDV from cDNA using reverse genetics has made it possible to manipulate the genome of NDV. This has greatly contributed to our understanding of the molecular biology and pathogenesis of NDV. Furthermore, NDV has modular genome and accommodates insertion of a foreign gene as a transcriptional unit, thus enabling NDV as a vaccine vector against diseases of humans and animals. Avirulent NDV strains (e.g., LaSota and B1) have been commonly used as vaccine vectors. In this protocol, we have described reverse genetics of NDV to be used as a vaccine vector by exemplifying the recovery of NDV vectored avian influenza virus vaccine. Specifically, cloning and recovery of NDV expressing the hemagglutinin protein of highly pathogenic influenza virus were explained. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hee Kim
- VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Siba K Samal
- VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Dey S, Chellappa MM, Pathak DC, Gaikwad S, Yadav K, Ramakrishnan S, Vakharia VN. Newcastle Disease Virus Vectored Bivalent Vaccine against Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease and Newcastle Disease of Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5040031. [PMID: 28954433 PMCID: PMC5748598 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain F is a lentogenic vaccine strain used for primary vaccination in day-old chickens against Newcastle disease (ND) in India and Southeast Asian countries. Recombinant NDV-F virus and another recombinant NDV harboring the major capsid protein VP2 gene of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV); namely rNDV-F and rNDV-F/VP2, respectively, were generated using the NDV F strain. The rNDV-F/VP2 virus was slightly attenuated, as compared to the rNDV-F virus, as evidenced from the mean death time and intracerebral pathogenicity index analysis. This result indicates that rNDV-F/VP2 behaves as a lentogenic virus and it is stable even after 10 serial passages in embryonated chicken eggs. When chickens were vaccinated with the rNDV F/VP2, it induced both humoral and cell mediated immunity, and was able to confer complete protection against very virulent IBDV challenge and 80% protection against virulent NDV challenge. These results suggest that rNDV-F could be an effective and inherently safe vaccine vector. Here, we demonstrate that a bivalent NDV-IBDV vaccine candidate generated by reverse genetics method is safe, efficacious and cost-effective, which will greatly aid the poultry industry in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Dey
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, UP, India.
| | - Madhan Mohan Chellappa
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, UP, India.
| | - Dinesh C Pathak
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, UP, India.
| | - Satish Gaikwad
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, UP, India.
| | - Kalpana Yadav
- Recombinant DNA Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, UP, India.
| | | | - Vikram N Vakharia
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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31
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Liu H, Albina E, Gil P, Minet C, de Almeida RS. Two-plasmid system to increase the rescue efficiency of paramyxoviruses by reverse genetics: The example of rescuing Newcastle Disease Virus. Virology 2017; 509:42-51. [PMID: 28595094 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Within paramyxoviruses, conventional reverse genetics require the transfection of a minimum of four plasmids: three to reconstruct the viral polymerase complex that replicates and expresses the virus genome delivered by a fourth plasmid. The successful transfection of four or more plasmids of different sizes into one cell and the subsequent generation of at least one viable and replicable viral particle is a rare event, which explains the low rescue efficiency, especially of low virulent viruses with reduced replication efficiency in cell lines. In this study, we report on an improved reverse genetics system developed for an avian paramyxovirus, Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), in which the number of plasmids was reduced from four to two. Compared to the conventional method, the 2-plasmid system enables earlier and increased production of rescued viruses and, in addition, makes it possible to rescue viruses that it was not possible to rescue using the 4-plasmid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijin Liu
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Albina
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France; INRA, UMR1309 ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France.
| | - Patricia Gil
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Minet
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRA, UMR1309 ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR INTERTRYP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Reverse genetics allows for the generation of recombinant viruses or vectors used in functional studies, vaccine development, and gene therapy. This technique enables genetic manipulation and cloning of viral genomes, gene mutation through site-directed mutagenesis, along with gene insertion or deletion, among other studies. An in vitro infection-based system including the highly attenuated vaccinia virus Ankara strain expressing the T7 RNA polymerase from bacteriophage T7, with co-transfection of three helper plasmids and a full-length cDNA plasmid, was successfully developed to rescue genetically modified Newcastle disease viruses in 1999. In this chapter, the materials and the methods involved in rescuing Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from cDNA, utilizing site-directed mutagenesis and gene replacement techniques, are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia USA
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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Molouki A, Peeters B. Rescue of recombinant Newcastle disease virus: a short history of how it all started. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1845-1854. [PMID: 28316014 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reverse genetics of viruses has come a long way, and many recombinant viruses have been generated since the first successful "rescues" were reported in the late 1970s. Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV), a non-segmented negative-sense RNA virus (NSNSV), was first rescued in 1999 using a reverse genetics approach similar to that reported for other recombinant viruses of the order Mononegavirales a few years before. The route from an original NDV isolate to the generation of its recombinant counterpart requires many steps that have to be sequentially and carefully completed. Background knowledge of each of these steps is essential because it allows one to make the best choices for fulfilling the specific requirements of the final recombinant virus. We have previously reviewed the latest strategies in cloning the NDV full-length cDNA into transcription vectors and the use of different RNA polymerase systems for the generation of viral RNA from plasmid DNA. In this article, we review a number of discoveries on the mechanism of transcription and replication of NDV, including a brief history behind the discovery of its RNP complex. This includes the generation of artificial and functional RNP constructs, in combination with the smart use of available knowledge and technologies that ultimately resulted in rescue of the first rNDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ben Peeters
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Rescue of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus strain R2B expressing green fluorescent protein. Virus Genes 2017; 53:410-417. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Pan Z, He J, Rasoul LM, Liu Y, Che R, Ding Y, Guo X, Yang J, Zou D, Zhang H, Li D, Cao H. Identification of Optimal Insertion Site in Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus (rNDV) Vector Expressing Foreign Gene to Enhance Its Anti-Tumor Effect. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164723. [PMID: 27736965 PMCID: PMC5087999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) is tumor selective and intrinsically oncolytic, which has been developed as a vector to express exogenous genes to enhance its oncolytic efficacy. Our previous studies found that insertion sites of foreign gene in rNDV vector affected its expression and anti-tumor activities. However, the optimal insertion site for foreign genes remains unknown. In this study, we inserted the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and IL2 genes into four different intergenic regions of the rNDV using reverse genetics technology. Recombinants rNDV-EGFPs and rNDV-IL2s were successfully rescued, which displayed the similar growth kinetics with parental virus. Both EGFP mRNA and protein levels were most abundant in HepG2 cells, when EGFP gene was inserted between the NP/P site of the rNDV. Similarly, the IL-2 expressed by HepG2 cells infected with rNDV-IL2 was highest, when IL2 was inserted into NP/P site. To test whether these rNDVs that express higher foreign genes could induce stronger anti-tumor response, we treated the H22-oxter-tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice with rNDV-IL2s and then examined the oncolytic efficacy. The results showed that rNDV-IL2-NP/P had the strongest inhibition of murine hepatoma carcinoma tumors. The splenocytes isolated from the mice treated with rNDV-IL2-NP/P reached the highest degrees of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. In addition, animals' survival rate in rNDV-IL2-NP/P-treated group was higher than that of other groups. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NP and P gene junction in rNDV is the optimal insertion site for foreign genes expression to enhance rNDV's anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Pan
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinjiao He
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lubna M. Rasoul
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yunye Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ruixiang Che
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yun Ding
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaocheng Guo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiarui Yang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dehua Zou
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Deshan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (HC)
| | - Hongwei Cao
- College of Life Science and Technology, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (HC)
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Molouki A, Peeters B. Rescue of recombinant Newcastle disease virus: current cloning strategies and RNA polymerase provision systems. Arch Virol 2016; 162:1-12. [PMID: 27695950 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the first rescue of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) in the late 1990s, many more rNDVs have been rescued by researchers around the world. Regardless of methodology, the main principle behind rescue of the virus has remained the same, i.e., the formation of a functional replication complex by simultaneously providing the full-length viral RNA and the viral NP, P and L proteins. However, different strategies have been reported for the insertion of the full-length genome into a suitable transcription vector, which remains the most challenging step of the rescue. Moreover, several systems have been published for provision of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is needed for transcription of viral RNA (vRNA) from the transfected plasmid DNA. The aim of this article is to consolidate all of the current cDNA assembly strategies and transcription systems used in rescue of rNDV in order to attain a better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostic, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. .,Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ben Peeters
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB, Lelystad, The Netherlands
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Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Development of Human and Veterinary Vaccines. Viruses 2016; 8:v8070183. [PMID: 27384578 PMCID: PMC4974518 DOI: 10.3390/v8070183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vaccine vectors have shown to be effective in inducing a robust immune response against the vaccine antigen. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is a promising vaccine vector against human and veterinary pathogens. Avirulent NDV strains LaSota and B1 have long track records of safety and efficacy. Therefore, use of these strains as vaccine vectors is highly safe in avian and non-avian species. NDV replicates efficiently in the respiratory track of the host and induces strong local and systemic immune responses against the foreign antigen. As a vaccine vector, NDV can accommodate foreign sequences with a good degree of stability and as a RNA virus, there is limited possibility for recombination with host cell DNA. Using NDV as a vaccine vector in humans offers several advantages over other viral vaccine vectors. NDV is safe in humans due to host range restriction and there is no pre-existing antibody to NDV in the human population. NDV is antigenically distinct from common human pathogens. NDV replicates to high titer in a cell line acceptable for human vaccine development. Therefore, NDV is an attractive vaccine vector for human pathogens for which vaccines are currently not available. NDV is also an attractive vaccine vector for animal pathogens.
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Firouzamandi M, Moeini H, Hosseini D, Bejo MH, Omar AR, Mehrbod P, Ideris A. Improved immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus inactivated vaccine following DNA vaccination using Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion protein genes. J Vet Sci 2016; 17:21-6. [PMID: 27051336 PMCID: PMC4808640 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the development of DNA vaccines using the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) genes from AF2240 Newcastle disease virus strain, namely pIRES/HN, pIRES/F and pIRES-F/HN. Transient expression analysis of the constructs in Vero cells revealed the successful expression of gene inserts in vitro. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that single vaccination with the constructed plasmid DNA (pDNA) followed by a boost with inactivated vaccine induced a significant difference in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody levels (p < 0.05) elicited by either pIRES/F, pIRES/F+ pIRES/HN or pIRES-F/HN at one week after the booster in specific pathogen free chickens when compared with the inactivated vaccine alone. Taken together, these results indicated that recombinant pDNA could be used to increase the efficacy of the inactivated vaccine immunization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Firouzamandi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran.; Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Moeini
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Davood Hosseini
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Arak 3197619751, Iran
| | - Mohd Hair Bejo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.; Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.; Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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Qiu X, Fu Q, Meng C, Yu S, Zhan Y, Dong L, Song C, Sun Y, Tan L, Hu S, Wang X, Liu X, Peng D, Liu X, Ding C. Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Targets Phosphorylated STAT1 to Block IFN-I Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148560. [PMID: 26859759 PMCID: PMC4747598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) V protein is considered as an effector for IFN antagonism, however, the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the expression of STAT1 and phospho-STAT1 in cells infected with NDV or transfected with V protein-expressing plasmids were analyzed. Our results showed that NDV V protein targets phospho-STAT1 reduction in the cells depends on the stimulation of IFN-α. In addition, a V-deficient genotype VII recombinant NDV strain rZJ1-VS was constructed using reverse genetic technique to confirm the results. The rZJ1-VS lost the ability to reduce phospho-STAT1 and induced higher expression of IFN-responsive genes in infected cells. Furthermore, treatment with an ubiquitin E1 inhibitor PYR-41 demonstrated that phospho-STAT1 reduction was caused by degradation, but not de-phosphorylation. We conclude that NDV V protein targets phospho-STAT1 degradation to block IFN-α signaling, which adds novel knowledge to the strategies used by paramyxoviruses to evade IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Luna Dong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunlin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XFL); (CD)
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Minhang, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XFL); (CD)
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Khattar SK, Palaniyandi S, Samal S, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, Zhu X, Samal SK. Evaluation of humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses following co-immunization of HIV-1 Gag and Env proteins expressed by Newcastle disease virus. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:504-15. [PMID: 25695657 DOI: 10.4161/21645515.2014.987006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of multiple HIV antigens in a vaccine can broaden antiviral immune responses. In this study, we used NDV vaccine strain LaSota to generate rNDV (rLaSota/optGag) expressing human codon optimized p55 Gag protein of HIV-1. We examined the effect of co-immunization of rLaSota/optGag with rNDVs expressing different forms of Env protein gp160, gp120, gp140L [a version of gp140 that lacked cytoplasmic tail and contained complete membrane-proximal external region (MPER)] and gp140S (a version of gp140 that lacked cytoplasmic tail and distal half of MPER) on magnitude and breadth of humoral, mucosal and cellular immune responses in guinea pigs and mice. Our results showed that inclusion of rLaSota/optGag with rNDVs expressing different forms of Env HIV Gag did not affect the Env-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses in guinea pigs and that the potent immune responses generated against Env persisted for at least 13 weeks post immunization. The highest Env-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses were observed with gp140S+optGag group. The neutralizing antibody responses against HIV strains BaL.26 and MN.3 induced by gp140S+optGag and gp160+optGag were higher than those elicited by other groups. Inclusion of Gag with gp160, gp140S and gp140L enhanced the level of Env-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) T cells in mice. Inclusion of Gag with gp160 and gp140L also resulted in increased Env-specific CD4(+) T cells. The level of Gag-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells was also enhanced in mice immunized with Gag along with gp140S and gp120. These results indicate lack of antigen interference in a vaccine containing rNDVs expressing Env and Gag proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Khattar
- a Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine ; University of Maryland ; College Park , MD USA
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Susta L, Diel DG, Courtney S, Cardenas-Garcia S, Sundick RS, Miller PJ, Brown CC, Afonso CL. Expression of chicken interleukin-2 by a highly virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus leads to decreased systemic viral load but does not significantly affect mortality in chickens. Virol J 2015; 12:122. [PMID: 26253150 PMCID: PMC4528788 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In mammals, interleukin 2 (IL-2) has been shown to decrease replication or attenuate pathogenicity of numerous viral pathogens (herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus) by activating natural killer cells (NK), cytotoxic T lymphocytes and expanding subsets of memory cells. In chickens, IL-2 has been shown to activate T cells, and as such it might have the potential to affect replication and pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). METHODS To assess the effect of IL-2 during NDV infection in chickens, we produced a recombinant virulent NDV strain expressing chicken IL-2 (rZJ1-IL2). The effects of IL-2 expression were investigated in vivo using the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day-old chicks and pathogenesis experiments in 4-week-old chickens. In these studies, rZJ1-IL2 was compared to a control virus expressing the green fluorescent protein (rZJ1-GFP). Assessed parameters included survival curves, detailed histological and immunohistochemical grading of lesions in multiple organs, and virus isolation in blood, spleen and mucosal secretions of infected birds. RESULTS At the site of infection (eyelid), expression of IL-2 was demonstrated in areas of rZJ-IL2 replication, confirming IL-2 production in vivo. Compared to rZJ1-GFP strain, rZJ1-IL2 caused milder lesions and displayed decreased viral load in blood, spleen and mucosal secretions of infected birds. In the rZJ1-IL2-infected group, virus level in the blood peaked at day 4 post-infection (pi) (10(3.46) EID50 /0.1 ml) and drastically decreased at day 5 pi (10(0.9) EID50/0.1 ml), while in the rZJ1-GFP-infected group virus levels in the blood reached 10(5.35) EID50/0.1 ml at day 5. However, rZJ1-IL2-infected groups presented survival curves similar to control birds infected with rZJ1-GFP, with comparable clinical signs and 100 % mortality. Further, expression of IL-2 did not significantly affect the ICPI scores, compared to rZJ1-GFP strain. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of chicken IL-2 during virulent NDV replication in naïve chickens decreased viral titers in blood, spleens, oral and cloacal secretions on day 4-5 post infection. This is consistent with the previously described role of IL-2 in enhancing the clearance of viruses in mammals, such as human respiratory syncytial virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Susta
- USDA ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA. .,Present address: Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Diego G Diel
- USDA ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA. .,Present address: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| | - Sean Courtney
- USDA ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
| | - Stivalis Cardenas-Garcia
- USDA ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
| | - Roy S Sundick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Patti J Miller
- USDA ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
| | - Corrie C Brown
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
| | - Claudio L Afonso
- USDA ARS, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
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Duan Z, Xu H, Ji X, Zhao J. Recombinant Newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccines against human and animal infectious diseases. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1307-23. [PMID: 26234909 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in recombinant genetic engineering techniques have brought forward a leap in designing new vaccines in modern medicine. One attractive strategy is the application of reverse genetics technology to make recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) deliver protective antigens of pathogens. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that rNDV-vectored vaccines can induce quicker and better humoral and mucosal immune responses than conventional vaccines and are protective against pathogen challenges. With deeper understanding of NDV molecular biology, it is feasible to develop gene-modified rNDV vaccines accompanied by good safety, high efficacy, low toxicity and better immunogenicity. This review summarizes the development of reverse genetics technology in using NDV as a promising vaccine vector to design new vaccines for human and animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Duan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Houqiang Xu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinqin Ji
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiafu Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Zhang Z, Zhao W, Li D, Yang J, Zsak L, Yu Q. Development of a Newcastle disease virus vector expressing a foreign gene through an internal ribosomal entry site provides direct proof for a sequential transcription mechanism. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2028-2035. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China
- United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
- Beijing Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, PR China
| | - Deshan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, PR China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, PR China
| | - Laszlo Zsak
- United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
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44
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Bitrus Y, Andrew JN, Owolodun OA, Luka PD, Umaru DA. The reoccurrence of H5N1 outbreaks necessitates the development of safe and effective influenza vaccine technologies for the prevention and control of avian influenza in Sub-Saharan Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/bmbr2015.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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45
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Gogoi P, Ganar K, Kumar S. Avian Paramyxovirus: A Brief Review. Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:53-67. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Gogoi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
| | - K. Ganar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
| | - S. Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati India
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46
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Development of a reverse genetics system based on RNA polymerase II for Newcastle disease virus genotype VII. Virus Genes 2014; 50:152-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Paldurai A, Xiao S, Kim SH, Kumar S, Nayak B, Samal S, Collins PL, Samal SK. Effects of naturally occurring six- and twelve-nucleotide inserts on Newcastle disease virus replication and pathogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103951. [PMID: 25093330 PMCID: PMC4122465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates contain genomes of 15,186, 15,192 or 15,198 nucleotides (nt). The length differences reflect a 6-nt insert in the 5′ (downstream) non-translated region (NTR) of the N gene (15,192-nt genome) or a 12-nt insert in the ORF encoding the P and V proteins (causing a 4-amino acid insert; 15,198-nt genome). We evaluated the role of these inserts in the N and P genes on viral replication and pathogenicity by inserting them into genomes of two NDV strains that have natural genome lengths of 15,186 nt and represent two different pathotypes, namely the mesogenic strain Beaudette C (BC) and the velogenic strain GB Texas (GBT). Our results showed that the 6-nt and 12-nt inserts did not detectably affect N gene expression or P protein function. The inserts had no effect on the replication or virulence of the highly virulent GBT strain but showed modest degree of attenuation in mesogenic strain BC. We also deleted a naturally-occurring 6-nt insertion in the N gene from a highly virulent 15,192-nt genome-length virus, strain Banjarmasin. This resulted in reduced replication in vitro and reduced virulence in vivo. Thus, although these inserts had no evident effect on gene expression, protein function, or replication in vivo, they did affect virulence in two of the three tested strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandan Paldurai
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sa Xiao
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shin-Hee Kim
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sweety Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter L. Collins
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Siba K. Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Bai FL, Yu YH, Tian H, Ren GP, Wang H, Zhou B, Han XH, Yu QZ, Li DS. Genetically engineered Newcastle disease virus expressing interleukin-2 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand for cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1226-38. [PMID: 24971746 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) have shown oncolytic therapeutic efficacy in preclinical studies and are currently in clinical trials. In this study, we have evaluated the possibility to enhance the cancer therapeutic potential of NDV by means of inserting both interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) delivered by rNDV. We demonstrated that rNDV expressing TRAIL (rNDV-TRAIL) or both human IL-2 and TRAIL (rNDV-IL-2-TRAIL) significantly enhanced inherent anti-neoplastic of rNDV by inducing apoptosis. And we showed that apoptosis-related genes mRNA expression was increased after treated with rNDV-TRAIL or rNDV-IL-2-TRAIL compared with rNDV and rNDV-IL-2. We also demonstrated that both rNDV-IL-2 and rNDV-IL-2-TRAIL induced proliferation of the CD4(+) and CD8(+) in treated mice and elicited expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ antitumor cytokines. These mice treated with oncolytic agents exhibited significant reduction in tumor development compared with mice treated with the parental virus. In addition, experiments in both hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma-bearing mice demonstrated that the genetically engineered rNDV-IL-2-TRAIL exhibited prolonged animals' survival compared with rNDV, rNDV-IL-2, and rNDV-TRAIL. In conclusion, the immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy properties of NDV can be enhanced by the introduction of IL-2 and TRAIL genes, whose products initiated a broad cascade of immunological affects and induced tumor cells apoptosis in the microenvironment of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Liang Bai
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Yin-Hang Yu
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Gui-Ping Ren
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Han
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
| | - Qing-Zhong Yu
- USDA-ARS; Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory; Athens, GA USA
| | - De-Shan Li
- Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China; Biopharmaceutical Teaching and Research Department; College of Life Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin, China
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49
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Kim SH, Paldurai A, Xiao S, Collins PL, Samal SK. Modified Newcastle disease virus vectors expressing the H5 hemagglutinin induce enhanced protection against highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in chickens. Vaccine 2014; 32:4428-4435. [PMID: 24968158 PMCID: PMC4794254 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain Beaudette C (BC) was modified to enhance the protective efficacy of the foreign antigen. The modified NDV vectors were compared for their ability to express the HA protein of H5N1 HPAIV. The modified NDV vectors expressed enhanced levels of the HPAIV HA protein. Two of the modified NDV vectors induced higher levels of immunogenicity and protective efficacy against HPAIV. Two of the modified vectors were found to be superior to conventional rLaSota vector.
Naturally-occurring attenuated strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) are being developed as vaccine vectors for use in poultry and humans. However, some NDV strains, such as Beaudette C (BC), may retain too much virulence in poultry for safe use, and more highly attenuated strains may be suboptimally immunogenic. We therefore modified the BC strain by changing the multibasic cleavage site sequence of the F protein to the dibasic sequence of avirulent strain LaSota. Additionally, the BC, F, and HN proteins were modified in several ways to enhance virus replication. These modified BC-derived vectors and the LaSota strain were engineered to express the hemagglutin (HA) protein of H5N1 highly pathogenic influenza virus (HPAIV). In general, the modified BC-based vectors expressing HA replicated better than LaSota/HA, and expressed higher levels of HA protein. Pathogenicity tests indicated that all the modified viruses were highly attenuated in chickens. Based on in vitro characterization, two of the modified BC vectors were chosen for evaluation in chickens as vaccine vectors against H5N1 HPAIV A/Vietnam/1203/04. Immunization of chickens with rNDV vector vaccines followed by challenge with HPAIV demonstrated high levels of protection against clinical disease and mortality. However, only those chickens immunized with modified BC/HA in which residues 271–330 from the F protein had been replaced with the corresponding sequence from the NDV AKO strain conferred complete protection against challenge virus shedding. Our findings suggest that this modified rNDV can be used safely as a vaccine vector with enhanced replication, expression, and protective efficacy in avian species, and potentially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Hee Kim
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Anandan Paldurai
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Sa Xiao
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Peter L Collins
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Siba K Samal
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD, United States.
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50
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Newcastle disease virus vector producing human norovirus-like particles induces serum, cellular, and mucosal immune responses in mice. J Virol 2014; 88:9718-27. [PMID: 24920815 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01570-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human norovirus infection is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Development of an effective vaccine is required for reducing norovirus outbreaks. The inability to grow human norovirus in cell culture has hindered the development of live-attenuated vaccines. To overcome this obstacle, we generated a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV)-vectored experimental norovirus vaccine by expressing the capsid protein (VP1) of norovirus strain VA387. We compared two different NDV vectors, a conventional rNDV vector and a modified rNDV vector, for their efficiencies in expressing VP1 protein. Our results showed that the modified vector replicated to higher titers and expressed higher levels of VP1 protein in DF1 cells and in allantoic fluid of embryonated chicken eggs than did the conventional vector. We further demonstrated that the VP1 protein produced by rNDVs was able to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) that are morphologically similar to baculovirus-expressed VLPs. Evaluation of their immunogenicity in mice showed that the modified rNDV vector induced a higher level of IgG response than those induced by the conventional vector and by the baculovirus-expressed VLPs. The rNDV vectors predominantly induced IgG2a subclass antibody for the Th1 response, and specifically, high levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were detected in splenocytes. In addition, the modified rNDV vector induced a higher level of fecal IgA response in mice than did baculovirus-expressed VLPs. Our findings suggest that the rNDV vector is an efficient system to produce cost-effective VLPs in embryonated chicken eggs and has the potential to be used as a live-attenuated vaccine in humans. IMPORTANCE Noroviruses are the major cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Currently, effective vaccines against norovirus infection are not available. In this study, we have evaluated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) as a vaccine vector for norovirus. Our results suggest that NDV can be used not only as a cost-effective method for large-scale production of norovirus-like particle vaccines but also as a live-attenuated vectored vaccine.
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