1
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Hu H, Liu G, Li Y. The isolation strategy and chemical analysis of oil cells from Asari Radix et Rhizoma. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:72. [PMID: 38760854 PMCID: PMC11100110 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell analysis, a rapidly evolving field, encounters significant challenges in detecting individual cells within complex plant tissues, particularly oil cells (OCs). The intricate process of single-cell isolation, coupled with the inherent chemical volatility of oil cells, necessitates a comprehensive methodology. RESULTS This study presents a method for obtaining intact OC from Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR), a traditional herbal medicine. The developed approach facilitates both qualitative and quantitative analysis of diverse OCs. To determine the most reliable approach, four practical methods-laser capture microdissection, micromanipulation capturing, micromanipulation piping, and cell picking-were systematically compared and evaluated, unequivocally establishing cell picking as the most effective method for OC isolation and chemical analysis. Microscopic observations showed that OCs predominantly distribute in the cortex of adventitious and fibrous roots, as well as the pith and cortex of the rhizome, with distinct morphologies-oblong in roots and circular in rhizomes. Sixty-three volatile constituents were identified in OCs, with eighteen compounds exhibiting significant differences. Safrole, methyleugenol, and asaricin emerged as the most abundant constituents in OCs. Notably, cis-4-thujanol and tetramethylpyrazine were exclusive to rhizome OCs, while isoeugenol methyl ether was specific to fibrous root OCs based on the detections. ARR roots and rhizomes displayed marked disparities in OC distribution, morphology, and constituents. CONCLUSION The study highlights the efficacy of cell picking coupled with HS-SPME-GC-MS as a flexible, reliable, and sensitive method for OC isolation and chemical analysis, providing a robust methodology for future endeavors in single-cell analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guangxue Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaoli Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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2
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Brophy S, Amet R, Foy-Stones H, Gardiner N, McElligott AM. Isolation and Cryopreservation of Mononuclear Cells from Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow of Blood Cancer Patients. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2645:179-187. [PMID: 37202619 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3056-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates are routinely obtained from blood cancer patients for diagnostic investigations and provide an accessible source of patient-specific cancer cells, as well as non-malignant cells, for research proposes. The simple and reproducible method presented here allows isolation of viable mononuclear cells, including malignant cells, from fresh peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirates using density gradient centrifugation. The cells obtained using the protocol described can be further purified for a variety of cellular, immunological, molecular, and functional assays. In addition, these cells can be cryopreserved and bio-banked for future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brophy
- The John Durkan Leukaemia Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Amet
- The John Durkan Leukaemia Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hayley Foy-Stones
- Cryobiology Laboratory Stem Cell Facility, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Gardiner
- Cryobiology Laboratory Stem Cell Facility, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony M McElligott
- The John Durkan Leukaemia Laboratory, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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3
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Ma S, Yang L, Zuo Q, Huang Q. GPI-anchored glutathione S-transferase as marker allows affinity sorting of transfection-positive cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1016090. [PMID: 36250010 PMCID: PMC9558730 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1016090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transfection efficiency is still a limiting factor in gene function research. A method that allows isolation and enrichment of the transfection-positive cells is an effective solution. Here, we report a transfection-positive cell sorting system that utilizes GPI-anchored GST (Glutathione S-transferase) as a plasmid marker. The Glutathione S-transferase fusion protein will be expressed and displayed on the cell surface through GPI anchor, and hence permits the positive cells to be isolated using Glutathione (GSH) Magnetic Beads. We prove that the system works efficiently in both the adherent Lenti-X 293T cells and the suspension K-562 cells. The affinity cell sorting procedure efficiently enriched positive cells from 20% to 98% in K-562 cells. The applications in gene knockdown and overexpression experiments in K-562 cells dramatically enhanced the extent of gene alteration, with the gene knockdown efficiency increasing from 7% to 60% and the gene overexpression level rising from 47 to 253 times. This Glutathione S-transferase affinity transfection-positive cell sorting method is simple and fast to operate, large-instrument free, low cost, and hence possesses great potential in gene function study in vitro.
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4
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Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 55. Retrospective View on the More than 40 Years of Studies Performed in the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with Respect of the Cryostructuring Processes in Polymeric Systems. Gels 2020; 6:E29. [PMID: 32927850 PMCID: PMC7559272 DOI: 10.3390/gels6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of cryostructuring in polymeric systems, the techniques of the preparation of diverse cryogels and cryostructurates, the physico-chemical mechanisms of their formation, and the applied potential of these advanced polymer materials are all of high scientific and practical interest in many countries. This review article describes and discusses the results of more than 40 years of studies in this field performed by the researchers from the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences-one of the key centers, where such investigations are carried out. The review includes brief historical information, the description of the main effects and trends characteristic of the cryostructuring processes, the data on the morphological specifics inherent in the polymeric cryogels and cryostructurates, and examples of their implementation for solving certain applied tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Lozinsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Tavukcuoglu E, Horzum U, Yanik H, Uner A, Yoyen-Ermis D, Nural SK, Aydin B, Sokmensuer C, Karakoc D, Yilmaz KB, Hamaloglu E, Esendagli G. Human splenic polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) are strategically located immune regulatory cells in cancer. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:2067-2074. [PMID: 32691408 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the mouse, functional assets of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) in the human spleen remain to be better elucidated. Here, we report that the spleen in gastric and pancreatic cancer adopts an immune regulatory character, harbors excessive amount of PMN-MDSC, and anatomically enables their interaction with T cells. Compared to the peripheral blood, the spleen from cancer patients contained significantly higher levels of low-density PMN-MDSC, but not early-stage MDSC (e-MDSC) and monocytic-MDSC (M-MDSC). Low-density fraction of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells was enriched in immature myeloid cells and displayed higher levels of CD10, CD16, and ROS than their blood-derived counterparts. They were also positive for PD-L1, LOX-1, and pSTAT3. The white pulp and periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) were strategically surrounded by PMN cells that were in contact with T cells. Unlike those from the blood, both low-density and normal-density PMN cells from the human spleen suppressed T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. Independent of clinical grade, high PMN-MDSC percentages were associated with decreased survival in gastric cancer. In summary, our results outline the immune regulatory role of the spleen in cancer where neutrophils acquire MDSC functions and feasibly interact with T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Tavukcuoglu
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utku Horzum
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamdullah Yanik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Digdem Yoyen-Ermis
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safa K Nural
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Aydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cenk Sokmensuer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Karakoc
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerim Bora Yilmaz
- Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of General Surgery, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Hamaloglu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gunes Esendagli
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Nawaz AA, Urbanska M, Herbig M, Nötzel M, Kräter M, Rosendahl P, Herold C, Toepfner N, Kubánková M, Goswami R, Abuhattum S, Reichel F, Müller P, Taubenberger A, Girardo S, Jacobi A, Guck J. Intelligent image-based deformation-assisted cell sorting with molecular specificity. Nat Methods 2020; 17:595-599. [DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Thomas RSW, Mitchell PD, Oreffo ROC, Morgan H, Green NG. Image-based sorting and negative dielectrophoresis for high purity cell and particle separation. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2718-2727. [PMID: 31206722 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays are used to sort single fluorescently labeled cells and particles as they flow through a microfluidic channel using dielectrophoresis. Negative dielectrophoresis is used to create a "Dielectrophoretic virtual channel" that runs along the center of the microfluidic channel. By switching the polarity of the electrodes, the virtual channel can be dynamically reconfigured to direct particles along a different path. This is demonstrated by sorting particles into two microfluidic outlets, controlled by an automated system that interprets video data from a color camera and makes complex sorting decisions based on color, intensity, size, and shape. This enables the rejection of particle aggregates and other impurities, and the system is optimized to isolate high purity populations from a heterogeneous sample. Green beads are isolated from an excess of red beads with 100% purity at a rate of up to 0.9 particles per second, in addition application to the sorting of osteosarcoma and human bone marrow cells is evidenced. The extension of Dielectrophoretic Virtual Channels to an arbitrary number of sorting outputs is examined, with design, simulation, and experimental verification of two alternate geometries presented and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert S W Thomas
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter D Mitchell
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicolas G Green
- School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, UK
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8
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Rauta PR, Hallur PM, Chaubey A. Gold nanoparticle-based rapid detection and isolation of cells using ligand-receptor chemistry. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2893. [PMID: 29440656 PMCID: PMC5811494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification and isolation of low-frequency cells of interest from a heterogeneous cell mixture is an important aspect of many diagnostic applications (including enumeration of circulating tumor cells) and is integral to various assays in (cancer) biology. Current techniques typically require expensive instrumentation and are not amenable to high throughput. Here, we demonstrate a simple and effective platform for cell detection and isolation using gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) i.e. Au-PEG-HA NPs. The proposed platform exploits ligand-receptor chemistry to detect/isolate cells with high specificity and efficiency. When the Au-PEG-HA NPs come in contact with cells that express CD44 (the receptor for HA), a clear colorimetric change occurs (along with an accompanying SPR peak shift from 521 nm to 559 nm) in the solution due to NPs-cell interaction. This clearly discernible, colorimetric change can be leveraged by point-of-care devices employed in diagnostic applications. Finally, we show that we can successfully isolate viable cells from a heterogeneous cell population (including from human blood samples) with high specificity, which can be used in further downstream applications. The developed NPs-based platform can be a convenient and cost-efficient alternative for diagnostic applications and for cell isolation or sorting in research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ranjan Rauta
- Anti-Cancer Technologies Program, Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, NH Health City, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Pavan M Hallur
- Anti-Cancer Technologies Program, Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, NH Health City, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Aditya Chaubey
- Anti-Cancer Technologies Program, Mazumdar Shaw Center for Translational Research, NH Health City, Bangalore, 560 099, India.
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9
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Lutsik P, Slawski M, Gasparoni G, Vedeneev N, Hein M, Walter J. MeDeCom: discovery and quantification of latent components of heterogeneous methylomes. Genome Biol 2017. [PMID: 28340624 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1182-6.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important for large-scale epigenomic studies to determine and explore the nature of hidden confounding variation, most importantly cell composition. We developed MeDeCom as a novel reference-free computational framework that allows the decomposition of complex DNA methylomes into latent methylation components and their proportions in each sample. MeDeCom is based on constrained non-negative matrix factorization with a new biologically motivated regularization function. It accurately recovers cell-type-specific latent methylation components and their proportions. MeDeCom is a new unsupervised tool for the exploratory study of the major sources of methylation variation, which should lead to a deeper understanding and better biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Lutsik
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.,Present address: Division of Cancer Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimerfeld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Martin Slawski
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany.,Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, 08854, NJ, USA.,Present address: Department of Statistics, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 4A7 Fairfax, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Nikita Vedeneev
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Matthias Hein
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany.
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany.
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10
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Lutsik P, Slawski M, Gasparoni G, Vedeneev N, Hein M, Walter J. MeDeCom: discovery and quantification of latent components of heterogeneous methylomes. Genome Biol 2017; 18:55. [PMID: 28340624 PMCID: PMC5366155 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important for large-scale epigenomic studies to determine and explore the nature of hidden confounding variation, most importantly cell composition. We developed MeDeCom as a novel reference-free computational framework that allows the decomposition of complex DNA methylomes into latent methylation components and their proportions in each sample. MeDeCom is based on constrained non-negative matrix factorization with a new biologically motivated regularization function. It accurately recovers cell-type-specific latent methylation components and their proportions. MeDeCom is a new unsupervised tool for the exploratory study of the major sources of methylation variation, which should lead to a deeper understanding and better biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Lutsik
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123 Germany
- Present address: Division of Cancer Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimerfeld 280, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Martin Slawski
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, 08854 NJ USA
- Present address: Department of Statistics, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 4A7 Fairfax, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 USA
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123 Germany
| | - Nikita Vedeneev
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Matthias Hein
- Machine Learning Group, Saarland University, Campus E1.1, Saarbrücken66123, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of EpiGenetics, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, Saarbrücken, 66123 Germany
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11
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Hu P, Zhang W, Xin H, Deng G. Single Cell Isolation and Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:116. [PMID: 27826548 PMCID: PMC5078503 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual cell heterogeneity within a population can be critical to its peculiar function and fate. Subpopulations studies with mixed mutants and wild types may not be as informative regarding which cell responds to which drugs or clinical treatments. Cell to cell differences in RNA transcripts and protein expression can be key to answering questions in cancer, neurobiology, stem cell biology, immunology, and developmental biology. Conventional cell-based assays mainly analyze the average responses from a population of cells, without regarding individual cell phenotypes. To better understand the variations from cell to cell, scientists need to use single cell analyses to provide more detailed information for therapeutic decision making in precision medicine. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in single cell isolation and analysis, which include technologies, analyses and main applications. Here, we summarize the historical background, limitations, applications, and potential of single cell isolation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- The Center for Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbo Xin
- The Center for Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University Nanchang, China
| | - Glenn Deng
- The Center for Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang UniversityNanchang, China; Yichang Research Center for Biomedical Industry and Central Laboratory of Yichang Central Hospital, Medical School, China Three Gorges UniversityYichang, China; Division of Surgical Oncology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA, USA
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12
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Savina IN, Ingavle GC, Cundy AB, Mikhalovsky SV. A simple method for the production of large volume 3D macroporous hydrogels for advanced biotechnological, medical and environmental applications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21154. [PMID: 26883390 PMCID: PMC4756301 DOI: 10.1038/srep21154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of bulk, three-dimensional (3D), macroporous polymers with high permeability, large surface area and large volume is highly desirable for a range of applications in the biomedical, biotechnological and environmental areas. The experimental techniques currently used are limited to the production of small size and volume cryogel material. In this work we propose a novel, versatile, simple and reproducible method for the synthesis of large volume porous polymer hydrogels by cryogelation. By controlling the freezing process of the reagent/polymer solution, large-scale 3D macroporous gels with wide interconnected pores (up to 200 μm in diameter) and large accessible surface area have been synthesized. For the first time, macroporous gels (of up to 400 ml bulk volume) with controlled porous structure were manufactured, with potential for scale up to much larger gel dimensions. This method can be used for production of novel 3D multi-component macroporous composite materials with a uniform distribution of embedded particles. The proposed method provides better control of freezing conditions and thus overcomes existing drawbacks limiting production of large gel-based devices and matrices. The proposed method could serve as a new design concept for functional 3D macroporous gels and composites preparation for biomedical, biotechnological and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N. Savina
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Ganesh C. Ingavle
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Andrew B. Cundy
- School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Sergey V. Mikhalovsky
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
- School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
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13
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Yeo JC, Wang Z, Lim CT. Microfluidic size separation of cells and particles using a swinging bucket centrifuge. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:054114. [PMID: 26487900 PMCID: PMC4592435 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular separation is crucial for downstream analysis. Separation technique mainly relies on centrifugal sedimentation. However, minuscule sample volume separation and extraction is difficult with conventional centrifuge. Furthermore, conventional centrifuge requires density gradient centrifugation which is laborious and time-consuming. To overcome this challenge, we present a novel size-selective bioparticles separation microfluidic chip on a swinging bucket minifuge. Size separation is achieved using passive pressure driven centrifugal fluid flows coupled with centrifugal force acting on the particles within the microfluidic chip. By adopting centrifugal microfluidics on a swinging bucket rotor, we achieved over 95% efficiency in separating mixed 20 μm and 2 μm colloidal dispersions from its liquid medium. Furthermore, by manipulating the hydrodynamic resistance, we performed size separation of mixed microbeads, achieving size efficiency of up to 90%. To further validate our device utility, we loaded spiked whole blood with MCF-7 cells into our microfluidic device and subjected it to centrifugal force for a mere duration of 10 s, thereby achieving a separation efficiency of over 75%. Overall, our centrifugal microfluidic device enables extremely rapid and label-free enrichment of different sized cells and particles with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology , ASTAR, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075
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14
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Steinritz D, Schmidt A, Balszuweit F, Thiermann H, Ibrahim M, Bölck B, Bloch W. Assessment of Endothelial Cell Migration After Exposure to Toxic Chemicals. J Vis Exp 2015:e52768. [PMID: 26274775 DOI: 10.3791/52768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chemical substances (including alkylating chemical warfare agents like sulfur and nitrogen mustards) cause a plethora of clinical symptoms including wound healing disorder. The physiological process of wound healing is highly complex. The formation of granulation tissue is a key step in this process resulting in a preliminary wound closure and providing a network of new capillary blood vessels - either through vasculogenesis (novel formation) or angiogenesis (sprouting of existing vessels). Both vasculo- and angiogenesis require functional, directed migration of endothelial cells. Thus, investigation of early endothelial cell (EEC) migration is important to understand the pathophysiology of chemical induced wound healing disorders and to potentially identify novel strategies for therapeutic intervention. We assessed impaired wound healing after alkylating agent exposure and tested potential candidate compounds for treatment. We used a set of techniques outlined in this protocol. A modified Boyden chamber to quantitatively investigate chemokinesis of EEC is described. Moreover, the use of the wound healing assay in combination with track analysis to qualitatively assess migration is illustrated. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the fluorescent dye TMRM for the investigation of mitochondrial membrane potential to identify underlying mechanisms of disturbed cell migration. The following protocol describes basic techniques that have been adapted for the investigation of EEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München;
| | - Annette Schmidt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne
| | | | | | - Marwa Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne
| | - Birgit Bölck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne
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15
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Lodhia KA, Hadley AM, Haluska P, Scott CL. Prioritizing therapeutic targets using patient-derived xenograft models. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:223-34. [PMID: 25783201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective systemic treatment of cancer relies on the delivery of agents with optimal therapeutic potential. The molecular age of medicine has provided genomic tools that can identify a large number of potential therapeutic targets in individual patients, heralding the promise of personalized treatment. However, determining which potential targets actually drive tumor growth and should be prioritized for therapy is challenging. Indeed, reliable molecular matches of target and therapeutic agent have been stringently validated in the clinic for only a small number of targets. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are tumor models developed in immunocompromised mice using tumor procured directly from the patient. As patient surrogates, PDX models represent a powerful tool for addressing individualized therapy. Challenges include humanizing the immune system of PDX models and ensuring high quality molecular annotation, in order to maximize insights for the clinic. Importantly, PDX can be sampled repeatedly and in parallel, to reveal clonal evolution, which may predict mechanisms of drug resistance and inform therapeutic strategy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Lodhia
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A M Hadley
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - P Haluska
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C L Scott
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Antibody-free magnetic cell sorting of genetically modified primary human CD4+ T cells by one-step streptavidin affinity purification. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111437. [PMID: 25360777 PMCID: PMC4216076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing methods for phenotypic selection of genetically modified mammalian cells suffer disadvantages of time, cost and scalability and, where antibodies are used to bind exogenous cell surface markers for magnetic selection, typically yield cells coated with antibody-antigen complexes and beads. To overcome these limitations we have developed a method termed Antibody-Free Magnetic Cell Sorting in which the 38 amino acid Streptavidin Binding Peptide (SBP) is displayed at the cell surface by the truncated Low Affinity Nerve Growth Receptor (LNGFRF) and used as an affinity tag for one-step selection with streptavidin-conjugated magnetic beads. Cells are released through competition with the naturally occurring vitamin biotin, free of either beads or antibody-antigen complexes and ready for culture or use in downstream applications. Antibody-Free Magnetic Cell Sorting is a rapid, cost-effective, scalable method of magnetic selection applicable to either viral transduction or transient transfection of cell lines or primary cells. We have optimised the system for enrichment of primary human CD4+ T cells expressing shRNAs and exogenous genes of interest to purities of >99%, and used it to isolate cells following Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing.
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17
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Butler KS, Adolphi NL, Bryant HC, Lovato DM, Larson RS, Flynn ER. Modeling the efficiency of a magnetic needle for collecting magnetic cells. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:3319-35. [PMID: 24874577 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/13/3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As new magnetic nanoparticle-based technologies are developed and new target cells are identified, there is a critical need to understand the features important for magnetic isolation of specific cells in fluids, an increasingly important tool in disease research and diagnosis. To investigate magnetic cell collection, cell-sized spherical microparticles, coated with superparamagnetic nanoparticles, were suspended in (1) glycerine-water solutions, chosen to approximate the range of viscosities of bone marrow, and (2) water in which 3, 5, 10 and 100% of the total suspended microspheres are coated with magnetic nanoparticles, to model collection of rare magnetic nanoparticle-coated cells from a mixture of cells in a fluid. The magnetic microspheres were collected on a magnetic needle, and we demonstrate that the collection efficiency versus time can be modeled using a simple, heuristically-derived function, with three physically-significant parameters. The function enables experimentally-obtained collection efficiencies to be scaled to extract the effective drag of the suspending medium. The results of this analysis demonstrate that the effective drag scales linearly with fluid viscosity, as expected. Surprisingly, increasing the number of non-magnetic microspheres in the suspending fluid results increases the collection of magnetic microspheres, corresponding to a decrease in the effective drag of the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S Butler
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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18
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Optical cell separation from three-dimensional environment in photodegradable hydrogels for pure culture techniques. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4793. [PMID: 24810563 PMCID: PMC4014620 DOI: 10.1038/srep04793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell sorting is an essential and efficient experimental tool for the isolation and characterization of target cells. A three-dimensional environment is crucial in determining cell behavior and cell fate in biological analysis. Herein, we have applied photodegradable hydrogels to optical cell separation from a 3D environment using a computer-controlled light irradiation system. The hydrogel is composed of photocleavable tetra-arm polyethylene glycol and gelatin, which optimized cytocompatibility to adjust a composition of crosslinker and gelatin. Local light irradiation could degrade the hydrogel corresponding to the micropattern image designed on a laptop; minimum resolution of photodegradation was estimated at 20 µm. Light irradiation separated an encapsulated fluorescent microbead without any contamination of neighbor beads, even at multiple targets. Upon selective separation of target cells in the hydrogels, the separated cells have grown on another dish, resulting in pure culture. Cell encapsulation, light irradiation and degradation products exhibited negligible cytotoxicity in overall process.
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19
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Chen K, Ahmed S, Adeyi O, Dick JE, Ghanekar A. Human solid tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice are vulnerable to lymphomagenesis associated with Epstein-Barr virus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39294. [PMID: 22723990 PMCID: PMC3377749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenografting primary human solid tumor tissue into immunodeficient mice is a widely used tool in studies of human cancer biology; however, care must be taken to prove that the tumors obtained recapitulate parent tissue. We xenografted primary human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor fragments or bulk tumor cell suspensions into immunodeficient mice. We unexpectedly observed that 11 of 21 xenografts generated from 16 independent patient samples resembled lymphoid neoplasms rather than HCC. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analyses revealed that the lymphoid neoplasms were comprised of cells expressing human CD45 and CD19/20, consistent with human B lymphocytes. In situ hybridization was strongly positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded RNA. Genomic analysis revealed unique monoclonal or oligoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements in each B-cell neoplasm. These data demonstrate that the lymphoid neoplasms were EBV-associated human B-cell lymphomas. Analogous to EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in immunocompromised humans, the human lymphomas in these HCC xenografts likely developed from reactivation of latent EBV in intratumoral passenger B lymphocytes following their xenotransplantation into immunodeficient recipient mice. Given the high prevalence of latent EBV infection in humans and the universal presence of B lymphocytes in solid tumors, this potentially confounding process represents an important pitfall of human solid tumor xenografting. This phenomenon can be recognized and avoided by routine phenotyping of primary tumors and xenografts with human leukocyte markers, and provides a compelling biological rationale for exclusion of these cells from human solid tumor xenotransplantation assays.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Viral/genetics
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/virology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/immunology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/virology
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Chen
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oyedele Adeyi
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E. Dick
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research/Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anand Ghanekar
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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20
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Chilvers RA, Bodenburg YH, Denner LA, Urban RJ. Development of a novel protocol for isolation and purification of human granulosa cells. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:547-56. [PMID: 22407611 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an optimal method of isolation and purification of human granulosa cells from ovarian follicular fluid. METHODS Follicular fluid was collected from patients undergoing oocyte retrieval. A series of isolation and purification techniques was performed, involving density gradient centrifugation and use of different antibody-bead complexes. RESULTS The highest percent yield of live purified granulosa cells came from density gradient centrifugation using sucrose polymer followed by positive selection of granulosa cells using primary antibody to MISRII and secondary antibody coupled to iron oxide beads. CONCLUSIONS A novel protocol for granulosa cell purification has been developed yielding samples that are largely free of nondesirable cells. This protocol provides a purification solution, especially for patient samples that have significant RBC contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Chilvers
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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21
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El-Gindi J, Benson K, De Cola L, Galla HJ, Seda Kehr N. Zelladhäsionsverhalten auf enantiomerenrein funktionalisierten Zeolith-L-Monoschichten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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22
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El-Gindi J, Benson K, De Cola L, Galla HJ, Seda Kehr N. Cell Adhesion Behavior on Enantiomerically Functionalized Zeolite L Monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3716-20. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Ma Z, Gao BZ. Laser-guidance based cell detection for identifying malignant cancerous cells without any fluorescent markers. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1767-72. [PMID: 21626416 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Laser guidance technique employs the optical forces generated from a focused Gaussian laser beam incident on a biological cell to trap and guide the cell along the laser propagation direction. The optical force, which determines the guidance speed, is dependent on the cellular characteristics of the cell being guided, such as size, shape, composition and morphology. Different cell populations or subpopulations can be detected without any fluorescent markers by measuring their guidance speeds. We found that cell guidance speeds were sensitive enough to monitor the subtle changes during the progression of mouse fibroblast cells from normal to cancerous phenotype. The results also demonstrated that this technique can effectively distinguish mouse mammary cancerous cells with different metastatic competence. Laser guidance technique can be used as a label-free cell detection method for basic cell biological investigation and cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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24
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Qi J, Chen A, You H, Li K, Zhang D, Guo F. Proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of CD105-positive enriched rat synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells in three-dimensional porous scaffolds. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:015006. [PMID: 21205995 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/1/015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based tissue engineering has provided an alternative strategy to treat cartilage lesions, and synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) are considered as a promising cell source for cartilage repair. In this study, the SMSCs were isolated from rat synovium, and CD105-positive (CD105(+)) cells were enriched using magnetic activated cell sorting. Sorted cells were subsequently seeded onto the chitosan-alginate composite three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds and cultured in chondrogenic culture medium in the presence of TGF-β₃ and BMP-2 for 2 weeks in vitro. After 2 weeks in culture, scanning electron microscopy results showed that cells attached and proliferated well on scaffolds, and secreted extracellular matrix were also observed. From day 7 to day 14, the total DNA and glucosaminoglycan content of the cells cultured in scaffolds were found to have increased significantly, and cell cycle analyses revealed that the percentage of cells in the S and G2/M phases increased and the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase decreased. Compared with non-sorted cells, the sorted cells cultured in scaffolds underwent more chondrogenic differentiation, as evidenced by higher expression of type II collagen and Sox9 at the protein and mRNA levels. The results suggest that CD105(+) enriched SMSCs may be a potential cell source for cartilage tissue engineering, and the chitosan-alginate composite 3D porous scaffold could provide a favorable microenvironment for supporting proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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25
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Dharmasiri U, Balamurugan S, Adams AA, Okagbare PI, Obubuafo A, Soper SA. Highly efficient capture and enumeration of low abundance prostate cancer cells using prostate-specific membrane antigen aptamers immobilized to a polymeric microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3289-300. [PMID: 19722212 PMCID: PMC3010183 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prostate tumor cells over-express a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) that can be used as a marker to select these cells from highly heterogeneous clinical samples, even when found in low abundance. Antibodies and aptamers have been developed that specifically bind to PSMA. In this study, anti-PSMA aptamers were immobilized onto the surface of a capture bed poised within a PMMA, microchip, which was fabricated into a high-throughput micro-sampling unit (HTMSU) used for the selective isolation of rare circulating prostate tumor cells resident in a peripheral blood matrix. The HTMSU capture bed consisted of 51 ultra-high-aspect ratio parallel curvilinear channels with a width similar to the prostate cancer cell dimensions. The surface density of the PSMA-specific aptamers on an ultraviolet-modified PMMA microfluidic capture bed surface was determined to be 8.4 x 10(12) molecules/cm(2). Using a linear velocity for optimal cell capture in the aptamer-tethered HTMSU (2.5 mm/s), a recovery of 90% of LNCaP cells (prostate cancer cell line; used as a model in this example) was found. Due to the low abundance of these cells, the input volume required was 1 mL and this could be processed in approximately 29 min using an optimized linear flow rate of 2.5 mm/s. Captured cells were subsequently released intact from the affinity surface using 0.25% w/w trypsin followed by counting individual cells using a contact conductivity sensor integrated into the HTMSU that provided high detection and sampling efficiency (approximately 100%) and did not require staining of the cells for enumeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udara Dharmasiri
- Department of Chemistry and Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Subramanian Balamurugan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - André A. Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Paul I. Okagbare
- Department of Chemistry and Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Annie Obubuafo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Department of Chemistry and Center for BioModular Multi-Scale Systems, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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26
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Heng BC, Cowan CM, Basu S. Comparison of enzymatic and non-enzymatic means of dissociating adherent monolayers of mesenchymal stem cells. Biol Proced Online 2009; 11:161-9. [PMID: 19495917 PMCID: PMC3055293 DOI: 10.1007/s12575-009-9001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissociation of adherent mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) monolayers with trypsin and enzyme-free dissociation buffer was compared. A significantly lower proportion of viable cells were obtained with enzyme-free dissociation buffers compared to trypsin. Subsequently, the dissociated cells were re-seeded on new cell culture dishes and were subjected to the MTT assay 24 h later. The proportion of viable cells that reattached was significantly lower for cells obtained by dissociation with enzyme-free dissociation buffer compared to trypsin. Frozen–thawed MSC displayed a similar trend, yielding consistently higher cell viability and reattachment rates when dissociated with trypsin compared to enzyme-free dissociation buffer. It was also demonstrated that exposure of trypsin-dissociated MSC to enzyme-free dissociation buffer for 1 h had no significant detrimental effect on cell viability.
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