1
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Shi C, Quinn EC, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4393-4478. [PMID: 38518259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will play an even greater role in tomorrow's circular plastics economy that focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks and the presence of the main-chain ester bonds that can be chemically or biologically cleaved on demand by multiple methods and thus bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because of this potential and promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling or biodegradation of existing legacy polyesters, designing their biorenewable alternatives, and redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability and tailored performance that can rival today's commodity plastics that are either petroleum based and/or hard to recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments and outlines future challenges and opportunities. Case studies on the legacy polyesters, poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(butylene-adipate terephthalate), are presented, and emerging chemically recyclable polyesters are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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2
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Li S, Ma X, Li R, Sun C, Hu J, Zhang Y. Lipase-catalyzed ring-opening copolymerization of macrocycles for diselenide-functionalized long-chain polycarbonate: Synthesis, kinetic process and ROS responsiveness. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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3
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Liu J, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Expanding the Scope of Boron-Based Ate Complexes by Manipulating Their Reactivity: The Case of Cyclic Esters and Their (Co)Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Achievements and Trends in Biocatalytic Synthesis of Specialty Polymers from Biomass-Derived Monomers Using Lipases. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies for the conversion of biomass into high-value chemicals, including polymers and plastics, is a must and a challenge. The development of green processes in the last decade involved a continuous increase of the interest towards the synthesis of polymers using in vitro biocatalysis. Among the remarkable diversity of new bio-based polymeric products meeting the criteria of sustainability, biocompatibility, and eco-friendliness, a wide range of polyesters with shorter chain length were obtained and characterized, targeting biomedical and cosmetic applications. In this review, selected examples of such specialty polymers are presented, highlighting the recent developments concerning the use of lipases, mostly in immobilized form, for the green synthesis of ε-caprolactone co-polymers, polyesters with itaconate or furan units, estolides, and polyesteramides. The significant process parameters influencing the average molecular weights and other characteristics are discussed, revealing the advantages and limitations of biocatalytic processes for the synthesis of these bio-based polymers.
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5
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(alkylene succinate)s: Influence of Reaction Conditions. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Application of lipases (preferentially Candida antarctica Lipase B, CALB) for melt polycondensation of aliphatic polyesters by transesterification of activated dicarboxylic acids with diols allows to displace toxic metal and metal oxide catalysts. Immobilization of the enzyme enhances the activity and the temperature range of use. The possibility to use enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation in melt is studied and compared to results of polycondensations in solution. The experiments show that CALB successfully catalyzes polycondensation of both, divinyladipate and dimethylsuccinate, respectively, with 1,4-butanediol. NMR spectroscopy, relative molar masses obtained by size exclusion chromatography, MALDI-TOF MS and wide-angle X-ray scattering are employed to compare the influence of synthesis conditions for poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS). It is shown that the enzymatic activity of immobilized CALB deviates and influences the molar mass. CALB-catalyzed polycondensation of PBA in solution for 24 h at 70 °C achieves molar masses of up to Mw~60,000 g/mol, higher than reported previously and comparable to conventional PBA, while melt polycondensation resulted in a moderate decrease of molar mass to Mw~31,000. Enzymatically catalyzed melt polycondensation of PBS yields Mw~23,400 g/mol vs. Mw~40,000 g/mol with titanium(IV)n-butoxide. Melt polycondensation with enzyme catalysis allows to reduce the reaction time from days to 3–4 h.
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6
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Balk M, Behl M, Nöchel U, Lendlein A. Enzymatically Triggered Jack-in-the-Box-like Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8095-8101. [PMID: 33555174 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes can support the synthesis or degradation of biomacromolecules in natural processes. Here, we demonstrate that enzymes can induce a macroscopic-directed movement of microstructured hydrogels following a mechanism that we call a "Jack-in-the-box" effect. The material's design is based on the formation of internal stresses induced by a deformation load on an architectured microscale, which are kinetically frozen by the generation of polyester locking domains, similar to a Jack-in-the-box toy (i.e., a compressed spring stabilized by a closed box lid). To induce the controlled macroscopic movement, the locking domains are equipped with enzyme-specific cleavable bonds (i.e., a box with a lock and key system). As a result of enzymatic reaction, a transformed shape is achieved by the release of internal stresses. There is an increase in entropy in combination with a swelling-supported stretching of polymer chains within the microarchitectured hydrogel (i.e., the encased clown pops-up with a pre-stressed movement when the box is unlocked). This utilization of an enzyme as a physiological stimulus may offer new approaches to create interactive and enzyme-specific materials for different applications such as an optical indicator of the enzyme's presence or actuators and sensors in biotechnology and in fermentation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balk
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Marc Behl
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nöchel
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Joint Laboratory for Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin University-Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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7
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Amin M, Bhatti HN, Nawaz S, Bilal M. Penicillium fellutanum lipase as a green and ecofriendly biocatalyst for depolymerization of poly (ɛ-caprolactone): Biochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic investigations. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:410-419. [PMID: 33559904 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases hold a prominent position in biocatalysis by their capability to mediate reactions in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Herein, a lipase from Penicillium fellutanum was biochemically characterized and investigated its potential to degrade poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL). The lipase exhibited stability over a broad pH spectrum and performed best at pH 8.5 and 45 °C. The activation energy was determined to be 66.37 kJ/mol by Arrhenius plot, whereas Km and Vmax for pNPP hydrolysis were 0.75 mM and 83.33 μmol/mL/Min, respectively. A rise in temperature reduced the Gibbs free energy, whereas the enthalpy of thermal unfolding (∆H*) remains the same up to 54 °C following a modest decline at 61 °C. The entropy (∆S*) of the enzyme demonstrated an increasing trend up to 54 °C and dropped at 61 °C. Lipase retained stability by incubation with various industrially relevant organic solvents (benzene, hexanol, ether, and acetone). However, exposure to urea and guanidine hydrochloride influenced its catalytic activity to different extents. Under optimal operating conditions, lipase catalyzed the excellent degradation of PCL film degradation leading to 66% weight loss, increased surface erosion, and crystallinity. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy studies monitored the weight loss after enzymatic hydrolysis. The findings indicate that P. fellutanum lipase would be a prospective biocatalytic system for polyesters depolymerization and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Amin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Nawaz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
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8
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Casajus H, Dubreucq E, Tranchimand S, Perrier V, Nugier-Chauvin C, Cammas-Marion S. Lipase-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of Benzyl Malolactonate: An Unusual Mechanism? Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2874-2883. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Casajus
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Eric Dubreucq
- L’Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD - UMR IATE, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Tranchimand
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Véronique Perrier
- L’Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD - UMR IATE, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Nugier-Chauvin
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sandrine Cammas-Marion
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
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9
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Abstract
Aliphatic polyesters are thermoplastic and biodegradable polymers with promising potentials to substitute synthetic polymers derived from petrochemicals. In particular, polylactides (PLAs) and other polylactones can be renewable and biocompatible. A more benign approach for polyester synthesis is the enzymatic polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization (ROP) reactions, whose outcomes largely depend on the reaction conditions including solvents, water content and temperature. This chapter illustrates several examples of enzymatic polymerization to polyesters using various solvents (i.e., organic solvents, supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, and aqueous biphasic systems). Hydrophobic solvents containing little water tend to promote the enzymatic polymerization and lead to high molecular masses of polyesters. Since some enzymatic polymerization reactions are performed at high temperatures (such as ring-opening polymerization of lactide at >100°C), these processes demand solvents with high boiling points (such as many ionic liquids). Supercritical fluids (such as supercritical CO2) can be "green" solvents, but their compatibility with enzymes and their practicability of scaling up remain as challenges. On the other hand, ionic liquids can be tailored to be compatible with enzymes and to have high thermal stability although the studies of their uses in enzymatic polycondensation and ROP reactions are still at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, United States.
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10
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Valverde C, Lligadas G, Ronda JC, Galià M, Cádiz V. Hydroxyl functionalized renewable polyesters derived from 10-undecenoic acid: Polymer structure and post-polymerization modification. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Zhao H. Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) of Polylactones: Roles of Non-Aqueous Solvents. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2018; 93:9-19. [PMID: 31929672 PMCID: PMC6953973 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic polyesters such as polylactides (PLAs) and other polylactones are thermoplastic, renewable and biocompatible polymers with high potentials to replace petro-chemical-based synthetic polymers. A benign route for synthesizing these polyesters is through the enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization (ROP) reaction; this type of enzymatic process is very sensitive to reaction conditions such as solvents, water content and temperature. This review systematically discusses the crucial roles of different solvents (such as solvent-free or in bulk, organic solvents, supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, and aqueous biphasic systems) on the degree of polymerization and polydispersity. In general, many studies suggest that hydrophobic organic solvents with minimum water contents lead to efficient enzymatic polymerization and subsequently high molecular weights of polyesters; the selection of solvents is also limited by the reaction temperature, e.g. the ROP of lactide is often conducted at above 100 °C, therefore, the solvent typically needs to have its boiling point above this temperature. The use of supercritical fluids could be limited by its scaling-up potential, while ionic liquids have exhibited many advantages include their low-volatility, high thermal stability, controllable enzyme-compatibility, and a wide range of choices. However, the fundamental and mechanistic understanding of the specific roles of ionic liquids in enzymatic ROP reactions is still lacking. Furthermore, the lipase specificity towards l- and d-lactide is also surveyed, followed by the discussion of engineered lipases with improved enantioselectivity and thermal stability. In addition, the preparation of polyester-derived materials such as polyester-grafted cellulose by the enzymatic ROP method is briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Savannah State University, Savannah, GA 31404, USA
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12
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Rajendran NM, Xi Y, Zhang W, Sun Y, Sun W. Lithium Quinolyl‐Amidinates Efficiently Promoting Ring‐Opening Polymerization of ε‐Caprolactone: Synthesis and
7
Li NMR Spectroscopic Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natesan Mannangatti Rajendran
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
| | - Yanxia Xi
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology 100029 Beijing China
| | - Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
| | - Wen‐Hua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
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13
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Ding Q, Kazlauskas RJ. Improving Pseudomonas fluorescens esterase for hydrolysis of lactones. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although both acyclic esters and lactones contain ester functional groups, their shapes differ and most esterases are poor catalysts for hydrolysis of lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbao Ding
- Department of Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology & Biophysics and the Biotechnology Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Saint Paul
- USA
| | - Romas J. Kazlauskas
- Department of Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology & Biophysics and the Biotechnology Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Saint Paul
- USA
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14
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Champagne E, Strandman S, Zhu XX. Recent Developments and Optimization of Lipase-Catalyzed Lactone Formation and Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:1986-2004. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Champagne
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; C. P. 6128, Succursale Center-ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Satu Strandman
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; C. P. 6128, Succursale Center-ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Xiao-Xia Zhu
- Département de Chimie; Université de Montréal; C. P. 6128, Succursale Center-ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
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15
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Liu J, Huang W, Pang Y, Yan D. Hyperbranched polyphosphates: synthesis, functionalization and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 44:3942-53. [PMID: 26008957 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00318k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polyphosphates (HBPPs) are newly emerged polymeric biomaterials with repeating phosphate bonds in a highly branched framework over the past 5 years. Due to the integration of the advantages of both hyperbranched polymers and polyphosphates, HBPPs are versatile in chemical structure, flexible in physicochemical properties, water soluble, biocompatible and biodegradable in biological features. On the basis of their excellent water solubility, biocompatibility, biodegradability and potential functionalization as well as their simple preparation in one-pot synthesis, HBPPs have fascinating biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery. In this tutorial review, the recent advances of HBPPs are summarized. HBPPs with different topological structures and various functionalities were synthesized via adjusting the side group of cyclic phosphate monomers, which have shown promising biomedical applications, for example, using as a macromolecular anticancer agent and constructing advanced drug delivery systems, including site-specific delivery systems, self-delivery systems, and stimuli-responsive delivery systems. Such progress may promote the further development of interdisciplinary research between polymer chemistry, material science and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
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16
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Galia A, Scialdone O, Spanò T, Valenti MG, Grignard B, Lecomte P, Monflier E, Tilloy S, Rousseau C. Ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of wet β-cyclodextrin: effect of the operative pressure and of water molecules in the β-cyclodextrin cavity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20211j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wet β-cyclodextrin under pressure behaves similarly to lipase enzymes in the ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone in bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Galia
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica
- Università di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica
- Università di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Tiziana Spanò
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica
- Università di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valenti
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica
- Università di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Dipartimento Ingegneria Chimica Gestionale Informatica Meccanica
- Università di Palermo
- 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Philippe Lecomte
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- University of Liege
- B-4000 Liege
- Belgium
| | - Eric Monflier
- Univ. Artois
- CNRS, Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Univ. Lille
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie Du Solide (UCCS)
| | - Sébastien Tilloy
- Univ. Artois
- CNRS, Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Univ. Lille
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie Du Solide (UCCS)
| | - Cyril Rousseau
- Univ. Artois
- CNRS, Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Univ. Lille
- Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie Du Solide (UCCS)
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17
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Sarazin Y, Carpentier JF. Discrete Cationic Complexes for Ring-Opening Polymerization Catalysis of Cyclic Esters and Epoxides. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3564-614. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Sarazin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis Laboratories,
UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis Laboratories,
UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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18
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Guillaume SM, Kirillov E, Sarazin Y, Carpentier JF. Beyond stereoselectivity, switchable catalysis: some of the last frontier challenges in ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. Chemistry 2015; 21:7988-8003. [PMID: 25832549 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based catalysts and initiators have played a pivotal role in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters, thanks to their high activity and remarkable ability to control precisely the architectures of the resulting polyesters in terms of molar mass, dispersity, microstructure, or tacticity. Today, after two decades of extensive research, the field is slowly reaching maturity. However, several challenges remain, while original concepts have emerged around new types or new applications of catalysis. This Review is not intended to comprehensively cover all of these aspects. Rather, it provides a personal overview of the very recent progress achieved in some selected, important aspects of ROP catalysis--stereocontrol and switchable catalysis. Hence, the first part addresses the development of new metal-based catalysts for the isoselective ROP of racemic lactide towards stereoblock copolymers, and the use of syndioselective ROP metal catalysts to control the monomer sequence in copolymers. A second part covers the development of ROP catalysts--primarily metal-based catalysts, but also organocatalysts--that can be externally regulated by the use of chemical or photo stimuli to switch them between two states with different catalytic abilities. Current challenges and opportunities are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie M Guillaume
- Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis Department, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis Department, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
| | - Yann Sarazin
- Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis Department, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Organometallics, Materials and Catalysis Department, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France).
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19
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Hodge P, Chakiri AB. The use of polymer-supported Candida antarctica lipase B to achieve the entropically-driven ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic bile acid derivatives via transesterification: selectivity of the reactions and the structures of the polymers produced. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17954h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ED-ROPs of macrocyclic lactones by transesterifications catalyzed by CALB are further explored and predictions of the product structures made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hodge
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Abdel B. Chakiri
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
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Chu Y, Yu H, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Ma Y, Zhuo R, Jiang X. Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable amphiphilic ABC Y-shaped miktoarm terpolymer by click chemistry for drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunti Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Renxi Zhuo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
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21
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Jiang Y, Woortman AJJ, Alberda van Ekenstein GOR, Petrović DM, Loos K. Enzymatic Synthesis of Biobased Polyesters Using 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as the Building Block. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2482-93. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500340w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. J. Woortman
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert O. R. Alberda van Ekenstein
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dejan M. Petrović
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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22
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Lipases in polymer chemistry. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 125:69-95. [PMID: 20859733 DOI: 10.1007/10_2010_90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipases are highly active in the polymerization of a range of monomers. Both ring-opening polymerization of cyclic monomers such as lactones and carbonates as well as polycondensation reactions have been investigated in great detail. Moreover, in combination with other (chemical) polymerization techniques, lipase-catalyzed polymerization has been employed to synthesize a variety of polymer materials. Major advantages of enzymatic catalysts are the often-observed excellent regio-, chemo- and enantioselectivity that allows for the direct preparation of functional materials. In particular, the application of techniques such as Dynamic Kinetic Resolution (DKR) in the lipase-catalyzed polymerization of racemic monomers is a new development in enzymatic polymerization. This paper reviews selected examples of the application of lipases in polymer chemistry covering the synthesis of linear polymers, chemoenzymatic polymerization and applications of enantioselective techniques for the synthesis and modification of polymers.
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23
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Stöhr O, Ritter H. Networks Based on Poly(α-methylene-δ-valerolactone-co-δ-valerolactone): Crosslinking Through Free-Radical Vinyl Copolymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olesja Stöhr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1; 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Helmut Ritter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1; 40225 Duesseldorf Germany
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24
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Hodge P. Entropically Driven Ring-Opening Polymerization of Strainless Organic Macrocycles. Chem Rev 2014; 114:2278-312. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400222p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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25
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Jaffredo CG, Guillaume SM. Benzyl β-malolactonate polymers: a long story with recent advances. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Benzyl β-malolactonate (MLABe) and its corresponding poly(benzyl β-malolactonate) (PMLABe) homopolymers and copolymers of the poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric G. Jaffredo
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS – Université de Rennes 1
- F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Sophie M. Guillaume
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS – Université de Rennes 1
- F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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26
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Couffin A, Martín-Vaca B, Bourissou D, Navarro C. Selective O-acyl ring-opening of β-butyrolactone catalyzed by trifluoromethane sulfonic acid: application to the preparation of well-defined block copolymers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
HOTf catalyzes ring-opening of β-butyrolactone selectively via O-acyl bond cleavage, enabling efficient copolymerization.
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27
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Sanders DP, Coady DJ, Yasumoto M, Fujiwara M, Sardon H, Hedrick JL. Synthesis of functionalized cyclic carbonate monomers using a versatile pentafluorophenyl carbonate intermediate. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01128c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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29
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Jianming R, Anguo X, Hongwei W, Hailin Y. Review – recent development of ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters using aluminum complexes. Des Monomers Polym 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2013.840509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Jianming
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410086, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Anguo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, 415000, P.R. China
| | - Wu Hongwei
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410086, P.R. China
| | - Yang Hailin
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410086, P.R. China
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30
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Kobayashi S. Green Polymer Chemistry: Recent Developments. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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31
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Chan JMW, Sardon H, Engler AC, García JM, Hedrick JL. Tetra- n-butylammonium Fluoride as an Efficient Transesterification Catalyst for Functionalizing Cyclic Carbonates and Aliphatic Polycarbonates. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:860-864. [PMID: 35607004 DOI: 10.1021/mz400334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a general method for the functionalization of cyclic carbonate monomers having a pentafluorophenyl ester substituent at the 5-position (MTC-OC6F5), as well as the postpolymerization modification of the subsequent polymer, poly(MTC-OC6F5), with alcohols. The transesterifications are achieved under mild conditions using catalytic tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) as the nucleophilic acyl transfer agent. As an organic-soluble form of fluoride, TBAF loadings as low as 5 mol % were sufficient in bringing about high conversions at room temperature. The mild reaction conditions preserved the integrity of the sensitive carbonate moieties even without the use of Schlenk techniques. In addition to commercial TBAF solutions, we also found solid-supported forms of TBAF to be effective for transesterification, thus enabling facile postreaction workup and purification. More importantly, with only minor adjustments to the reaction conditions, we show that TBAF also promotes the postpolymerization modification of poly(MTC-OC6F5), whereby fluoride-mediated transesterification with various alcohols proceeded quantitatively across the pendant pentafluorophenyl esters. Synthesizing a series of pendant ester-functionalized polycarbonates from a common precursor polymer was previously unattainable with existing methods, an issue that is now resolved by the current work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. W. Chan
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Haritz Sardon
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Amanda C. Engler
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Jeannette M. García
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
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32
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Jiang Z, Zhang J. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of aliphatic polyesters via copolymerization of lactide with diesters and diols. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Elsässer B, Schoenen I, Fels G. Comparative Theoretical Study of the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Caprolactam vs Caprolactone Using QM/MM Methods. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs3008297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Elsässer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Iris Schoenen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Gregor Fels
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
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34
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Hoppe A, Sadaka F, Brachais CH, Boni G, Couvercelle JP, Plasseraud L. 1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-carboxylate: a versatile precatalyst for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide under solvent-free conditions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:647-54. [PMID: 23616809 PMCID: PMC3628682 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and rac-lactide (rac-LA) under solvent-free conditions and using 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-carboxylate (BMIM-2-CO2) as precatalyst is described. Linear and star-branched polyesters were synthesized by successive use of benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, glycerol and pentaerythritol as initiator alcohols, and the products were fully characterized by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). BMIM-2-CO2 acts as an N-heterocyclic carbene precursor, resulting from in situ decarboxylation, either by heating under vacuo (method A) or by addition of NaBPh4 (method B). Possible catalytic and deactivation mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hoppe
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), UMR CNRS 6302, Avenue A. Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France
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35
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Vlakh EG, Tennikova TB. Flow-through immobilized enzyme reactors based on monoliths: II. Kinetics study and application. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1149-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia G. Vlakh
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry; Saint-Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Tatiana B. Tennikova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry; Saint-Petersburg State University; St. Petersburg Russia
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36
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Yang Z, Zhang X, Luo X, Jiang Q, Liu J, Jiang Z. Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(butylene-co-sebacate-co-glycolate) Copolyesters and Evaluation of the Copolymer Nanoparticles as Biodegradable Carriers for Doxorubicin Delivery. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302433x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006,
China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006,
China
| | - Xingen Luo
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006,
China
| | - Qing Jiang
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006,
China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006,
China
| | - Zhaozhong Jiang
- Molecular Innovations
Center, Yale University, 600 West Campus
Drive, West Haven,
Connecticut 06516, United States
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37
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Engler AC, Chan JMW, Coady DJ, O’Brien JM, Sardon H, Nelson A, Sanders DP, Yang YY, Hedrick JL. Accessing New Materials through Polymerization and Modification of a Polycarbonate with a Pendant Activated Ester. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Engler
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120, United
States
| | - Julian M. W. Chan
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120, United
States
| | - Daniel J. Coady
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120, United
States
| | - Jeannette M. O’Brien
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120, United
States
| | - Haritz Sardon
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120, United
States
- POLYMAT, Univ. of the Basque Country, Joxe Mari Korta Center-Avda.
Tolosa, 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120, United
States
| | - Daniel P. Sanders
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120, United
States
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669,
Singapore
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Rd., San Jose, California 95120, United
States
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38
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Roşca SC, Roşca DA, Dorcet V, Kozak CM, Kerton FM, Carpentier JF, Sarazin Y. Alkali aminoether-phenolate complexes: synthesis, structural characterization and evidence for an activated monomer ROP mechanism. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:9361-75. [PMID: 23334495 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32726k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several monometallic {LO(i)}M complexes of lithium (M = Li; i = 1 (1), 2 (2), 3 (3)) or potassium (M = K, i = 3 (4)) and the heteroleptic bimetallic lithium complex {LO(3)}Li·LiN(SiMe2H)2 (5), all supported by monoanionic aminoether-phenolate {LO(i)}(-) (i = 1-3) ligands, have been synthesized and structurally characterized. A large range of coordination motifs is represented in the solid state, depending on the chelating ability of the ligand, the size of the metal and the number of metallic centres found in the complex. Pulse-gradient spin-echo NMR showed that 1-4 are monomeric in solution, irrespective of their (mono- or di)nuclearity in the solid-state. VT (7)Li and DOSY NMR measurements conducted for 5 indicated that the two Li atoms in the complex do not exchange positions even at 80 °C. Upon addition of 1-10 equiv. of BnOH, the electron-rich and sterically congested {LO(3)}Li complex (3) promotes the controlled living and immortal ring-opening polymerisation of L-lactide. The combination of polymer end-group analyses and stoichiometric model reactions unambiguously provided evidence that ROP reactions catalyzed by these two-component {LO(i)}Li/BnOH catalyst systems operate according to an activated monomer mechanism, and not via the coordination-insertion scenario frequently assumed for similar alkali phenolate-alcohol systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin-Claudiu Roşca
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Cedex, Rennes, France
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39
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Thongsomboon W, Sherwood M, Arellano N, Nelson A. Thermally Induced Nanoimprinting of Biodegradable Polycarbonates Using Dynamic Covalent Cross-Links. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:19-22. [PMID: 35581834 DOI: 10.1021/mz300628s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of reversible covalent bonds into polymeric systems afford robust, yet dynamic, materials that can respond to external stimuli. A series of aliphatic polycarbonate polymers were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of furanyl and maleimido-bearing cyclic carbonate monomers. These side chains undergo thermally induced Diels-Alder reactions to afford cross-linked films. Because both the diene and dienophile were incorporated into the same polymer backbone, a protected maleimido group, in the form of the furan adduct, was used. Both the forward and reverse Diels-Alder reaction are triggered thermally, which allows the deprotection of the maleimido group and the subsequent reaction with the furanyl side chains to form cross-links. Random copolymers and poly(ethylene glycol) containing block copolymers were formed using diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene as the catalyst and a thiourea cocatalyst. The polymers form uniform films that can be cross-linked in the bulk state. To further illustrate the dynamic nature of the covalent bonds within the cross-linked films, a patterned silicon mold was used to transfer a series of nanoscale patterns using a thermal nanoimprint process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiriya Thongsomboon
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120,
United States
| | - Mark Sherwood
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120,
United States
| | - Noel Arellano
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120,
United States
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120,
United States
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40
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Strandman S, Tsai IH, Lortie R, Zhu XX. Ring-opening polymerization of bile acid macrocycles by Candida antarctica lipase B. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00651d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Enzyme-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization of Pentadecalactone to Obtain Biodegradable Polymer for Fabrication of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. INT J POLYM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/476748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimization of enzyme-mediated polymerization of pentadecalactone (PDL) was performed to obtain macromolecular products suitable for generation of 3D cell supports (scaffolds) for bone tissue engineering. Such parameters as temperature, monomer/enzyme ratio, and monomer concentration were studied. The maximum molecular weight of synthesized polymers was about 90,000. Methods allowing the introduction of reactive double bonds into polypentadecalactone (polyPDL) structure were developed. The macroporous matrices were obtained by modification of thermoinduced phase separation method.
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42
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Hodge P, Kamau SD, Ben-Haida A, Williams RT. Cyclo-depolymerizations of polycarbonates in solution: Use of the macrocyclic oligomers obtained in entropically-driven ring-opening polymerizations and copolymerizations to give carbonate–carbonate and carbonate–carboxylate ester copolymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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43
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Enzymatic Synthesis and Chemical Recycling of Novel Polyester-Type Thermoplastic Elastomers. Polymers (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/polym4021259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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44
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Okuda T, Ishimoto K, Ohara H, Kobayashi S. Renewable Biobased Polymeric Materials: Facile Synthesis of Itaconic Anhydride-Based Copolymers with Poly(l-lactic acid) Grafts. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Okuda
- Department of Biobased Materials
Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology,
Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Ishimoto
- Department of Biobased Materials
Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology,
Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ohara
- Department of Biobased Materials
Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology,
Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shiro Kobayashi
- Center for Nanomaterials and
Devices, Kyoto Institute of Technology,
Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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45
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Martino L, Scandola M, Jiang Z. Enzymatic synthesis, thermal and crystalline properties of a poly(β–amino ester) and poly(lactone-co-β–amino ester) copolymers. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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46
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Feng J, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Construction of functional aliphatic polycarbonates for biomedical applications. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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47
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Zhao W, Wang Y, Liu X, Cui D. Facile synthesis of pendant- and α,ω-chain-end-functionalized polycarbonates via immortal polymerization by using a salan lutetium alkyl precursor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4588-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31122d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Idris A, Bukhari A. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B: Hydration, stripping off and application in ring opening polyester synthesis. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:550-63. [PMID: 22041165 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reviews the stripping off, role of water molecules in activity, and flexibility of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB). Employment of CALB in ring opening polyester synthesis emphasizing on a polylactide is discussed in detail. Execution of enzymes in place of inorganic catalysts is the most green alternative for sustainable and environment friendly synthesis of products on an industrial scale. Robust immobilization and consequently performance of enzyme is the essential objective of enzyme application in industry. Water bound to the surface of an enzyme (contact class of water molecules) is inevitable for enzyme performance; it controls enzyme dynamics via flexibility changes and has intensive influence on enzyme activity. The value of pH during immobilization of CALB plays a critical role in fixing the active conformation of an enzyme. Comprehensive selection of support and protocol can develop a robust immobilized enzyme thus enhancing its performance. Organic solvents with a log P value higher than four are more suitable for enzymatic catalysis as these solvents tend to strip away very little of the enzyme surface bound water molecules. Alternatively ionic liquid can work as a more promising reaction media. Covalent immobilization is an exclusively reliable technique to circumvent the leaching of enzymes and to enhance stability. Activated polystyrene nanoparticles can prove to be a practical and economical support for chemical immobilization of CALB. In order to reduce the E-factor for the synthesis of biodegradable polymers; enzymatic ring opening polyester synthesis (eROPS) of cyclic monomers is a more sensible route for polyester synthesis. Synergies obtained from ionic liquids and immobilized enzyme can be much effective eROPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Idris
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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Hayashi H, Yanagishita Y, Matsumura S. Chemoenzymatic synthesis and chemical recycling of poly(ester-urethane)s. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:5490-507. [PMID: 22016604 PMCID: PMC3189728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12095490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 08/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel poly(ester-urethane)s were prepared by a synthetic route using a lipase that avoids the use of hazardous diisocyanate. The urethane linkage was formed by the reaction of phenyl carbonate with amino acids and amino alcohols that produced urethane-containing diacids and hydroxy acids, respectively. The urethane diacid underwent polymerization with polyethylene glycol and α,ω-alkanediols and also the urethane-containing hydroxy acid monomer was polymerized by the lipase to produce high-molecular-weight poly(ester-urethane)s. The periodic introduction of ester linkages into the polyurethane chain by the lipase-catalyzed polymerization afforded chemically recyclable points. They were readily depolymerized in the presence of lipase into cyclic oligomers, which were readily repolymerized in the presence of the same enzyme. Due to the symmetrical structure of the polymers, poly(ester-urethane)s synthesized in this study showed higher T(m), Young's modulus and tensile strength values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shuichi Matsumura
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-45-566-1582; Fax: +81-45-566-1582
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Yang Y, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Shi W, Li Q. Lipase/esterase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization: A green polyester synthesis technique. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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