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Highly-reactive haloester surface initiators for ARGET ATRP readily prepared by radio frequency glow discharge plasma. Biointerphases 2019; 14:041006. [PMID: 31438685 DOI: 10.1116/1.5110163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New surface initiators for ARGET ATRP (activators regenerated by electron transfer atomic transfer radical polymerization) have been prepared by the plasma deposition of haloester monomers. Specifically, methyl 3-bromopropionate (M3BP), methyl 2-chloropropionate, and ethyl 2-fluoropropionate (E2FP) were plasma deposited onto glass discs using RF glow discharge plasma. This technique creates surface coatings that are resistant to delamination and rich in halogen species making them good candidates for surface initiators for ARGET ATRP. Of all the plasma polymerized surface coatings, M3BP showed the highest halogen content and was able to grow 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) polymer brushes on its surface via ARGET ATRP in as little as 15 min as confirmed by XPS. Surprisingly, E2FP, a fluoroester, was also able to grow HEMA polymer brushes despite fluorine being a poor leaving group for ARGET ATRP. The versatility of RF glow discharge plasma offers a clear advantage over other techniques previously used to immobilize ARGET ATRP surface initiators.
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Abstract
Nondegradable and biodegradable, mono- and multifilament, natural and synthetic sutures were sterilized by treating in an argon gas plasma glow-discharge system at different glow-discharge powers (10, 20 and 40 watt) and exposure times (5, 15 and 30 min). All of the sutures (except plain and chromic catguts) were successfully sterilized. Plain and chromic catgut could not be sterilized even at very high discharge power and exposure time. A five watt discharge and 5 min of exposure time were considered optimal conditions for argon plasma sterilization without changing the desired suture mechanical properties (extensibility, knot-pull breaking and tensile strengths).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ayhan
- Orhan Boz Medical Device A.S., Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ayhan
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Piskin
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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Schué F, Clarotti G, Sledz J, Mas A, Geckeler K, Göpel W, Orsetti A. Possibilities offered by plasma modification and polymerization to enhance the bio- and hemocompatibility of polyester membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19930730120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hoffman AS, Ratner BD, Garfinkle A, Horbett TA, Reynolds LO, Hanson SR. The Small Diameter Vascular Graft - A Challenging Biomaterials Problem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-55-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe surface composition of a biomaterial can have an important influence on biologic responses. In this paper we report on a surface treatment using a gas discharge which deposits a thin fluorocarbon polymer coating onto tie surface of a synthetic vascular graft. The surface chemistry of the graft is significantly changed, while there is no measurable change in porosity, compliance or surface topography. Treatments with tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) gas yield dramatic improvements in both thrombo and emboli-resistance of the graft, based on in vitro measurements and ex vivo shunt tests in a baboon.
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Surface functionalization and biomolecule immobilization using plasma-generated free radicals on polypropylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-010-0258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Kabanov VY. Preparation of polymeric biomaterials with the aid of radiation-chemical methods. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1998v067n09abeh000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Tajima S, Komvopoulos K. Surface Modification of Low-Density Polyethylene by Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:17623-9. [PMID: 16853255 DOI: 10.1021/jp052121x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The surface chemistry and nanotopography of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were modified by downstream, inductively coupled, radio frequency (rf) Ar plasma without inducing surface damage. The extent of surface modification was controlled by the applied ion energy fluence, determined from the plasma ion density measured with a Langmuir probe. The treated LDPE surfaces were characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging, contact angle measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Analysis of AFM surface images confirmed that topography changes occurred at the nanoscale and that surface damage was insignificant. Contact angle measurements demonstrated an enhancement of the surface hydrophilicity with the increase of the plasma power. XPS results showed surface chemistry changes involving the development of different carbon-oxygen functionalities that increased the surface hydrophilicity. Physical and chemical surface modification was achieved under conditions conducive to high-density inductively coupled rf plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tajima
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Ryou JH, Ha CS, Kim JW, Lee WK. Control of Enzymatic Degradation of Microbial Polyesters by Plasma Modification. Macromol Biosci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200390004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gaboyard M, Robin JJ, Hervaud Y, Boutevin B. Free-radical graft copolymerization of phosphonated methacrylates onto low-density polyethylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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König U, Nitschke M, Menning A, Eberth G, Pilz M, Arnhold C, Simon F, Adam G, Werner C. Durable surface modification of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) by low pressure H2O plasma treatment followed by acrylic acid graft polymerization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7765(01)00247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Guan J, Gao C, Feng L, Sheng J. Surface photo-grafting of polyurethane with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate for promotion of human endothelial cell adhesion and growth. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2001; 11:523-36. [PMID: 10896045 DOI: 10.1163/156856200743841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytocompatible polyurethane (PU) surface was prepared by photo-grafting 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) onto the membrane surface. Graft polymerization was conducted by combining the use of the photo-oxidation and irradiation grafting. PU membrane was photo-oxidized to introduce the hydroperoxide groups onto the surface, then the membrane, immersed previously in monomer solution, was irradiated under UV light. The ATR-FTIR spectra, element spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact angle characterized the grafted copolymers and verified the occurrence of graft polymerization. The results showed that UV irradiation could realize the graft polymerization effectively and the grafting was confined within the surface layer. The grafted membrane showed minimal surface morphology. Human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVE) cells were seeded on the grafted surface. The performance of the surface in cell attachment and growth correlated with the oxygen content and mainly the carbonyl content on the surface. Cells were spread more extensively and grew faster on the surface with a higher oxygen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Gao C, Li A, Yi X, Shen J. Construction of cell-compatible layer and culture of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells on porous polystyrene membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Preparation of functional poly(ether–urethane) for immobilization of human living cells 1. Surface graft polymerization of poly(ether–urethane) with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and quaternization of grafted membrane. Eur Polym J 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(00)00055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Surface graft copolymerization of low density polyethylene films and its relevance to auto-adhesion. Eur Polym J 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-3057(97)00283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Everaert EP, Mahieu HF, Wong Chung RP, Verkerke GJ, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. A new method for in vivo evaluation of biofilms on surface-modified silicone rubber voice prostheses. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1997; 254:261-3. [PMID: 9248731 DOI: 10.1007/bf02905983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new method is presented that permits a rapid and accurate in vivo evaluation of biofilm formation on surface-modified silicone rubber voice prostheses. The method is based on partial modification of a Groningen button voice prosthesis by exposing half of the prosthesis to an argon plasma. This results in one side of the prosthesis becoming hydrophilic while leaving the unmodified side hydrophobic as a control. Modified prostheses were placed in patients for an evaluation period of approximately 4 weeks. Despite making the silicone rubber surface hydrophilic, biofilm formation was stimulated when compared to unmodified, hydrophobic silicone rubber. Findings show that biofilm formation on voice prostheses is influenced by hydrophobicity of a silicone rubber surface. The method of partial surface modification used was seen to be suitable for demonstrating such influences regardless of nutrition and other variations in the patient's lifestyle. Microbiological analysis of the biofilms on both sides of the prosthesis valve did not show any changes in microbial composition, with Candida albicans, streptococci and staphylococci being the most commonly isolated strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Everaert
- Laboratory for Materia Technica, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Carenza M, Lora S, Palma G, Pezzin G, Caliceti P. Enhanced biocompatibility of polyphosphazenes achieved by radiation grafting. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0969-806x(95)00421-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Interlaboratory inconsistencies in antiphospholipid antibody (aPA) solid phase assays have prompted controversy in clinical laboratory testing for aPA. We found that the aPA ELISA can be influenced by the type of microtiter plate utilized and by the conditions in which the plates are stored. By exposing 96-well, flat-bottom polystyrene microtiter plates to short wave UV light (254 nm), the aPA ELISA signal decreased in a UV dose-dependent manner. No effect was seen with long wave UV light (366 nm). These results were independent of the antibody isotype under study or the phospholipid (PL) antigen used: anionic phosphatidylserine (PS) and cardiolipin (CL), or zwitterionic phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Purified human beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2 GPI), a known cofactor for anionic PL, and rabbit anti-beta 2 GPI antisera were used to demonstrate that beta 2 GPI bound equally to UV treated and untreated microtiter plates. In contrast, recognition of beta 2 GPI on an anionic PL surface was decreased on UV treated plates, suggesting that UV exposure alters the lipid binding properties of the microliter plate. To determine whether UV exposure inhibited PL binding directly or caused a change in the way the PL was bound, the amount of PL bound to UV treated and untreated plates was measured by using fluorescent labeled PS and a fluorimeter. PS binding was decreased by 53% in UV treated wells as compared to untreated wells. These data show that short wave UV exposure reduces PL binding to polystyrene microtiter plates, thereby reducing the amount of beta 2 GPI bound to PL coated ELISA plates. Thus by using UV exposed microtiter plates, decreased or false-negative a PA ELISA results may be obtained for aPA positive plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Goldberg
- Methodist Center for Reproduction and Transplantation Immunology, Methodist Hospital of Indiana, Indianapolis 46202, USA
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Kamath KR, Danilich MJ, Marchant RE, Park K. Platelet interactions with plasma-polymerized ethylene oxide and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone films and linear poly(ethylene oxide) layer. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1996; 7:977-88. [PMID: 8858486 DOI: 10.1163/156856296x00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyldichlorosilane (DDS)-treated glass (DDS-glass) was modified with either poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) films or poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PNVP) films by plasma polymerization. The thickness of the plasma polymerized films was varied between 40 and 700 nm. The results showed that the hydrophilic plasma polymerized PEO and PNVP films on DDS-glass did not prevent platelet adhesion and activation. The film thickness had only marginal influence on the prevention of platelet activation. In contrast, platelet adhesion was prevented on DDS-glass absorbed with a PEO-containing block copolymer (Pluronic F-108 surfactant) even at a calculated thickness of the PEO layer of less than 40 nm. This study shows that surface hydrophilization is not sufficient for prevention of platelet adhesion and activation. The contrasting results in platelet adhesion between cross-linked plasma polymers and linear PEO-containing block copolymers may be explained qualitatively by a steric repulsion mechanism that is achieved by the conformational freedom of the linear PEO chains interacting with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Kamath
- Purdue University, School of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Pizzoferrato A, Arciola CR, Cenni E, Ciapetti G, Sassi S. In vitro biocompatibility of a polyurethane catheter after deposition of fluorinated film. Biomaterials 1995; 16:361-7. [PMID: 7662821 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(95)93853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro biocompatibility of an experimental surface-treated polyurethane was compared with an untreated polyurethane already used for intravascular catheters. The experimental surface was coated with a fluorinated film using a glow discharge treatment. Neither of the catheters was cytotoxic for L929 murine fibroblasts, caused platelet adhesion or release reaction, or changed the mean platelet volume. The surface-treated polyurethane, however, caused a higher adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus than did the untreated one. Therefore, using in vitro testing, it has been ascertained that the examined material, though not being cytotoxic and not modifying platelet behaviour, could favour bacterial adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pizzoferrato
- Laboratory for Biocompatibility Research on Implant Materials, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Chupov VV, van der Does L, Platé NA, Bantjes A. Polymeric carriers for covalent immobilization of amino groups containing compounds. Polym Bull (Berl) 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00306393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Griesser HJ, Chatelier RC, Gengenbach TR, Johnson G, Steele JG. Growth of human cells on plasma polymers: putative role of amine and amide groups. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 1994; 5:531-54. [PMID: 8086382 DOI: 10.1163/156856294x00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The attachment and growth of human endothelial cells and fibroblasts was studied on polymer surfaces fabricated by the polymerization of volatile amine and amide compounds in a low pressure gas plasma, and by the treatment of various surfaces in ammonia plasmas, which served to increase the nitrogen content of the surface layers. Infrared spectra showed the presence of amide groups, including those cases where the volatile compound ('monomer') did not contain oxygen. The performance of the surfaces in cell attachment correlated with the surface hydrophilicity and the nitrogen content, although for the latter a fair degree of scatter indicated that a more complex relationship applies. All these surfaces supported the attachment and growth of human cells. Generally, amide plasma polymers were best but the individual monomer and the plasma parameters also played a role. From comparisons of the various surfaces, it is suggested that the amide group is the main promoter of cell attachment in nitrogen-containing plasma surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Griesser
- Division of Chemicals and Polymers, CSIRO, Clayton, Australia
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Synergistic-radiation grafting: A novel modification technique for the preparation of biomaterials. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0969-806x(93)90396-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Piskin E. Plasma processing of biomaterials. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 1993. [DOI: 10.1163/156856292x00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gaboury SR, Urban MW. Quantitative analysis of the Si-H groups formed on poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces: an ATR FTi.r. approach. POLYMER 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(92)90063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sunny MC, Sharma CP. Effect of fabrication, sterilization and mediators--blood compatibility of polyurethanes. J Biomater Appl 1992; 6:261-73. [PMID: 1573556 DOI: 10.1177/088532829200600305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The possible changes in the surface and physical properties of polyether urethane urea (PEUU) implants, including their interaction with blood, due to the different preparation methods, sterilization techniques and long term storage in different environmental conditions have been investigated by conducting the studies of mechanical properties, contact angle, platelet adhesion and protein adsorption. Considerable variations in the mechanical properties have been observed for the PEUU grafts stored in different conditions. Changes in platelet adhesion and albumin adsorption have also been observed in the case of samples that underwent different sterilization methods. The effect of mediators like bromelain, an enzyme present in pineapple juice, on albumin adsorption and platelet adhesion on PEUU surfaces have been investigated. It seems the presence of pineapple juice increases the adsorption of albumin and reduces the adhesion of platelets on PEUU surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sunny
- Biosurface Technology Division, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojapura, Trivandrum, India
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Clarotti G, Schue F, Sledz J, Ait Ben Aoumar A, Geckeler KE, Orsetti A, Paleirac G. Modification of the biocompatible and haemocompatible properties of polymer substrates by plasma-deposited fluorocarbon coatings. Biomaterials 1992; 13:832-40. [PMID: 1457676 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(92)90176-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The polymerization of gases present in a low temperature plasma is a technique particularly well suited for biomedical material processing. Therefore, the possibilities this technique offers to increase the biocompatibility and haemocompatibility of polysulphone and poly(hydroxybutyrate) membranes to be used in a new bioartificial pancreas device were studied. The deposition of thin fluorocarbon coatings from an argon plasma containing perfluorohexane gave very smooth and hydrophobic surfaces without affecting the filtering properties of the treated membranes. Adding hydrogen increased the reaction yield, but gave rougher and less hydrophobic coatings. We characterized the biological properties of the treated surfaces and discussed the influence of the modified surface properties on the biological behaviour of the treated polymers. The good biocompatibility of the deposited coatings was established by following in vitro the insulin secretion of Langerhans islets cultured on the treated membranes and by examining the fibrous capsule that developed on plasma-treated polymer disks after three months of in vivo incubation in the peritoneum of Wistar rats. Rough and haemocompatible films of poly(hydroxybutyrate) and smoother, but more thrombogenic, polysulphone films were treated by perfluorohexane and perfluorohexane + H2 plasmas to study the relative influence of surface roughness and surface energy on polymer thrombogenicity. In vitro protein adsorption and total blood clotting tests proved that the surface roughness influences the thrombogenicity more than the other surface properties. This study seems to show that the plasma deposition of smooth and hydrophobic fluorocarbon coatings can increase the biocompatibility and reduce the surface thrombogenicity of the treated membranes without affecting their filtering properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Clarotti
- Laboratoire de Chimie Macromoléculaire, Université de Montpellier II, France
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Tan J, Martic P. Protein adsorption and conformational change on small polymer particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(90)90389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jansen B. Bacterial adhesion to medical polymers--use of radiation techniques for the prevention of materials-associated infections. CLINICAL MATERIALS 1989; 6:65-74. [PMID: 10171539 DOI: 10.1016/0267-6605(90)90045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The basic principles of the adhesion of bacteria to polymer surfaces are discussed, as the first important step in the pathogenesis of foreign-body infections. Strategies for the prevention of foreign-body infections by polymer modification with ionizing radiation are presented. These include the modification of polymer surfaces by radiation or glow discharge techniques to obtain antiadhesive or antimicrobial surfaces, as well as the fixation or incorporation of antibiotic drugs to or into the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jansen
- Hygiene-Institute, University of Cologne, Köln, FRG
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Hoffman
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Abstract
Basic methods of radiation-induced modification of polyurethanes for biomedical applications and of their characterization are briefly described. The most important works found in literature on radiation grafting of polyurethanes are discussed. The radiation grafting of polyetherurethane films and tubings by the preswelling method using various monomers and their physico-chemical characterization are discussed in detail with respect to the antithrombogenic properties of the materials. Novel applications for radiation-modified polyurethanes as drug delivery systems or antiinfectious materials are briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jansen
- Hygiene-Institute University of Cologne, FRG
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