1
|
The fate of carbon in a mature forest under carbon dioxide enrichment. Nature 2020; 580:227-231. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
2
|
Jiménez S, Fattahi M, Bedis K, Nasrolahpour-moghadam S, Irigoyen JJ, Gogorcena Y. Interactional Effects of Climate Change Factors on the Water Status, Photosynthetic Rate, and Metabolic Regulation in Peach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:43. [PMID: 32184791 PMCID: PMC7059187 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress factors caused by climate change affect plant growth and crop production, and pose a growing threat to sustainable agriculture, especially for tree crops. In this context, we sought to investigate the responses to climate change of two Prunus rootstocks (GF677 and Adesoto) budded with Catherina peach cultivar. Plants were grown in 15 L pots in temperature gradient greenhouses for an 18 days acclimation period after which six treatments were applied: [CO2 levels (400 versus 700 µmol mol-1), temperature (ambient versus ambient + 4°C), and water availability (well irrigated versus drought)]. After 23 days, the effects of stress were evaluated as changes in physiological and biochemical traits, including expression of relevant genes. Stem water potential decreased under drought stress in plants grafted on GF677 and Adesoto rootstocks; however, elevated CO2 and temperature affected plant water content differently in both combinations. The photosynthetic rate of plants grafted on GF677 increased under high CO2, but decreased under high temperature and drought conditions. The photosynthetic rates of plants grafted onto Adesoto were only affected by drought treatment. Furthermore, in GF677-Catherina plants, elevated CO2 alleviated the effect of drought, whereas in those grafted onto Adesoto, the same condition produced acclimation in the rate. Stomatal conductance decreased under high CO2 and drought stress in both grafted rootstocks, and the combination of these conditions improved water-use efficiency. Changes in the sugar content in scion leaves and roots were significantly different under the stress conditions in both combinations. Meanwhile, the expression of most of the assessed genes was significantly affected by treatment. Regarding genotypes, GF677 rootstock showed more changes at the molecular and transcriptomic level than did Adesoto rootstock. A coordinated shift was found between the physiological status and the transcriptomic responses. This study revealed adaptive responses to climate change at the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptomic levels in two Prunus rootstocks budded with 'Catherina'. Overall, these results demonstrate the resilient capacity and plasticity of these contrasting genotypes, which can be further used to combat ongoing climate changes and support sustainable peach production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Jiménez
- Laboratory of Genomics, Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Trees and Grapevine, Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Research and Development, Environmental Science Field Solutions, Monheim, Germany
| | - Masoud Fattahi
- Laboratory of Genomics, Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Trees and Grapevine, Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Khaoula Bedis
- Laboratory of Genomics, Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Trees and Grapevine, Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Shirin Nasrolahpour-moghadam
- Laboratory of Genomics, Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Trees and Grapevine, Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Juan José Irigoyen
- Departamento de Biología Ambiental, Grupo de Fisiología del Estrés en Plantas, Unidad Asociada al CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza e ICVV, Logroño), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gogorcena
- Laboratory of Genomics, Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Trees and Grapevine, Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tallis MJ, Lin Y, Rogers A, Zhang J, Street NR, Miglietta F, Karnosky DF, De Angelis P, Calfapietra C, Taylor G. The transcriptome of Populus in elevated CO reveals increased anthocyanin biosynthesis during delayed autumnal senescence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 186:415-28. [PMID: 20202130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
*The delay in autumnal senescence that has occurred in recent decades has been linked to rising temperatures. Here, we suggest that increasing atmospheric CO2 may partly account for delayed autumnal senescence and for the first time, through transcriptome analysis, identify gene expression changes associated with this delay. *Using a plantation of Populus x euramericana grown in elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) with free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology, we investigated the molecular and biochemical basis of this response. A Populus cDNA microarray was used to identify genes representing multiple biochemical pathways influenced by e[CO2] during senescence. Gene expression changes were confirmed through real-time quantitative PCR, and leaf biochemical assays. *Pathways for secondary metabolism and glycolysis were significantly up-regulated by e[CO2] during senescence, in particular, those related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing the two most significantly up-regulated transcripts in e[CO2], LDOX (leucoanthocyanidin dioxgenase) and DFR (dihydroflavonol reductase), gave (e[CO2]/ambient CO(2) (a[CO2])) expression ratios of 39.6 and 19.3, respectively. *We showed that in e[CO2] there was increased autumnal leaf sugar accumulation and up-regulation of genes determining anthocyanin biosynthesis which, we propose, prolongs leaf longevity during natural autumnal senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Tallis
- School of Biological Science, Bassett Crescent East, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liberloo M, Lukac M, Calfapietra C, Hoosbeek MR, Gielen B, Miglietta F, Scarascia-Mugnozza GE, Ceulemans R. Coppicing shifts CO2 stimulation of poplar productivity to above-ground pools: a synthesis of leaf to stand level results from the POP/EUROFACE experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 182:331-346. [PMID: 19207687 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A poplar short rotation coppice (SRC) grown for the production of bioenergy can combine carbon (C) storage with fossil fuel substitution. Here, we summarize the responses of a poplar (Populus) plantation to 6 yr of free air CO(2) enrichment (POP/EUROFACE consisting of two rotation cycles). We show that a poplar plantation growing in nonlimiting light, nutrient and water conditions will significantly increase its productivity in elevated CO(2) concentrations ([CO(2)]). Increased biomass yield resulted from an early growth enhancement and photosynthesis did not acclimate to elevated [CO(2)]. Sufficient nutrient availability, increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and the large sink capacity of poplars contributed to the sustained increase in C uptake over 6 yr. Additional C taken up in high [CO(2)] was mainly invested into woody biomass pools. Coppicing increased yield by 66% and partly shifted the extra C uptake in elevated [CO(2)] to above-ground pools, as fine root biomass declined and its [CO(2)] stimulation disappeared. Mineral soil C increased equally in ambient and elevated [CO(2)] during the 6 yr experiment. However, elevated [CO(2)] increased the stabilization of C in the mineral soil. Increased productivity of a poplar SRC in elevated [CO(2)] may allow shorter rotation cycles, enhancing the viability of SRC for biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Liberloo
- University of Antwerp, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Martin Lukac
- NERC Centre for Population Biology, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- University of Tuscia, DISAFRI, Via San Camillo De Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy
| | - Marcel R Hoosbeek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Earth System Science - Climate Change group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Birgit Gielen
- University of Antwerp, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Franco Miglietta
- Institute of Biometeorology - National Research Council (IBIMET-CNR), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuseppe E Scarascia-Mugnozza
- University of Tuscia, DISAFRI, Via San Camillo De Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology, Via Salaria km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy
| | - Reinhart Ceulemans
- University of Antwerp, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leakey ADB, Ainsworth EA, Bernacchi CJ, Rogers A, Long SP, Ort DR. Elevated CO2 effects on plant carbon, nitrogen, and water relations: six important lessons from FACE. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:2859-76. [PMID: 19401412 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to the projected future levels of CO(2) were first characterized in short-term experiments lasting days to weeks. However, longer term acclimation responses to elevated CO(2) were subsequently discovered to be very important in determining plant and ecosystem function. Free-Air CO(2) Enrichment (FACE) experiments are the culmination of efforts to assess the impact of elevated CO(2) on plants over multiple seasons and, in the case of crops, over their entire lifetime. FACE has been used to expose vegetation to elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO(2) under completely open-air conditions for nearly two decades. This review describes some of the lessons learned from the long-term investment in these experiments. First, elevated CO(2) stimulates photosynthetic carbon gain and net primary production over the long term despite down-regulation of Rubisco activity. Second, elevated CO(2) improves nitrogen use efficiency and, third, decreases water use at both the leaf and canopy scale. Fourth, elevated CO(2) stimulates dark respiration via a transcriptional reprogramming of metabolism. Fifth, elevated CO(2) does not directly stimulate C(4) photosynthesis, but can indirectly stimulate carbon gain in times and places of drought. Finally, the stimulation of yield by elevated CO(2) in crop species is much smaller than expected. While many of these lessons have been most clearly demonstrated in crop systems, all of the lessons have important implications for natural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D B Leakey
- 1406 Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Increased Litter Build Up and Soil Organic Matter Stabilization in a Poplar Plantation After 6 Years of Atmospheric CO2 Enrichment (FACE): Final Results of POP-EuroFACE Compared to Other Forest FACE Experiments. Ecosystems 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-008-9219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
7
|
Liberloo M, Tulva I, Raïm O, Kull O, Ceulemans R. Photosynthetic stimulation under long-term CO2 enrichment and fertilization is sustained across a closed Populus canopy profile (EUROFACE). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 173:537-549. [PMID: 17244048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The long-term response of leaf photosynthesis to rising CO2 concentrations [CO2] depends on biochemical and morphological feedbacks. Additionally, responses to elevated [CO2] might depend on the nutrient availability and the light environment, affecting the net carbon uptake of a forest stand. After 6 yr of exposure to free-air CO2 enrichment (EUROFACE) during two rotation cycles (with fertilization during the second cycle), profiles of light, leaf characteristics and photosynthetic parameters were measured in the closed canopy of a poplar (Populus) short-rotation coppice. Net photosynthetic rate (A(growth)) was 49% higher in poplars grown in elevated [CO2], independently of the canopy position. Jmax significantly increased (15%), whereas leaf carboxylation capacity (Vcmax), leaf nitrogen (N(a)) and chlorophyll (Chl(a)) were unaffected in elevated [CO2]. Leaf mass per unit area (LMA) increased in the upper canopy. Fertilization created more leaves in the top of the crown. These results suggest that the photosynthetic stimulation by elevated [CO2] in a closed-canopy poplar coppice might be sustained in the long term. The absence of any down-regulation, given a sufficient sink capacity and nutrient availability, provides more carbon for growth and storage in this bioenergy plantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Liberloo
- University of Antwerp, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ingmar Tulva
- Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olaf Raïm
- Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olevi Kull
- Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reinhart Ceulemans
- University of Antwerp, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|