1
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Pérez‐Bitrián A, Alvarez S, Baya M, Echeverría J, Martín A, Orduna J, Menjón B. Terminal Au-N and Au-O Units in Organometallic Frames. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203181. [PMID: 36263870 PMCID: PMC10107225 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Since gold is located well beyond the oxo wall, chemical species with terminal Au-N and Au-O units are extremely rare and limited to low coordination numbers. We report here that these unusual units can be trapped within a suitable organometallic frame. Thus, the terminal auronitrene and auroxyl derivatives [(CF3 )3 AuN]- and [(CF3 )3 AuO]- were identified as local minima by calculation. These open-shell, high-energy ions were experimentally detected by tandem mass spectrometry (MS2 ): They respectively arise by N2 or NO2 dissociation from the corresponding precursor species [(CF3 )3 Au(N3 )]- and [(CF3 )3 Au(ONO2 )]- in the gas phase. Together with the known fluoride derivative [(CF3 )3 AuF]- , they form an interesting series of isoleptic and alloelectronic complexes of the highly acidic organogold(iii) moiety (CF3 )3 Au with singly charged anions X- of the most electronegative elements (X=F, O, N). Ligand-field inversion in all these [(CF3 )3 AuX]- species results in the localization of unpaired electrons at the N and O atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pérez‐Bitrián
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Facultat de QuímicaUniversitat de Barcelona08028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Jorge Echeverría
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Babil Menjón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH)CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza50009ZaragozaSpain
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2
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Armentrout PB. Periodic trends in gas-phase oxidation and hydrogenation reactions of lanthanides and 5d transition metal cations. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:606-626. [PMID: 34028077 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P B Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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3
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Delcey MG, Lindblad R, Timm M, Bülow C, Zamudio-Bayer V, von Issendorff B, Lau JT, Lundberg M. Soft x-ray signatures of ionic manganese-oxo systems, including a high-spin manganese(V) complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3598-3610. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03667j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-oxo species catalyze key reactions, including C–H bond activation or dioxygen formation in natural photosynthesis. To better understand relevant reaction intermediates, we characterize electronic states and geometric structures of [MnOn]+...
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4
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Theoretical study on the corrosion of thorium nuclear fuel by water: The effect of two-state reaction mechanism. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Mechanistic Insight into the O–O Bond Activation by Manganese Corrole Complexes. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Lockwood SP, Chunga T, Metz RB. Bonding, Thermodynamics, and Dissociation Dynamics of NiO + and NiS + Determined by Photofragment Imaging and Theory. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7425-7436. [PMID: 34427080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We use photofragment ion imaging and ab initio calculations to determine the bond strength and photodissociation dynamics of the nickel oxide (NiO+) and nickel sulfide (NiS+) cations. NiO+ photodissociates broadly from 20350 to 32000 cm-1, forming ground state products Ni+(2D) + O(3P) below ∼29000 cm-1. Above this energy, Ni+(4F) + O(3P) products become accessible and dominate over the ground state channel. In certain images, product spin-orbit levels are resolved, and spin-orbit propensities are determined. Image anisotropy and the results of MRCI calculations suggest NiO+ photodissociates via a 3 4Σ- ← X 4Σ- transition above the Ni+(4F) threshold and via 3 4Σ-, 2 4Σ-, and/or 2 4Π and 3 4Π excited states below the 4F threshold. The photodissociation spectrum of NiS+ from 19900 to 23200 cm-1 is highly structured, with ∼12 distinct vibronic peaks, each containing underlying substructure. Above 21600 cm-1, the Ni+(2D5/2) + S(3P) and Ni+(2D3/2) + S(3P) product spin-orbit channels compete, with a branching ratio of ∼2:1. At lower energy, Ni+(2D5/2) is formed exclusively, and S(3P2) and S(3P1) spin-orbit channels are resolved. MRCI calculations predict the ground state of NiS+ to be one of two nearly degenerate states, the 1 4Σ- and 1 4Δ. Based on images and spectra, the ground state of NiS+ is assigned as 4Δ7/2, with the 1 4Σ3/2- and 1 4Σ1/2- states 81 ± 30 and 166 ± 50 cm-1 higher in energy, respectively. The majority of the photodissociation spectrum is assigned to transitions from the 1 4Δ state to two overlapping, predissociative excited 4Δ states. Our D0 measurements for NiO+ (D0 = 244.6 ± 2.4 kJ/mol) and NiS+ (D0 = 240.3 ± 1.4 kJ/mol) are more precise and closer to each other than previously reported values. Finally, using a recent measurement of D0(NiS), we derive a more precise value for IE (NiS): 8.80 ± 0.02 eV (849 ± 1.7 kJ/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuyler P Lockwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Tala Chunga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ricardo B Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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7
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Terencio T, Andris E, Gamba I, Srnec M, Costas M, Roithová J. Chemoselectivity in the Oxidation of Cycloalkenes with a Non-Heme Iron(IV)-Oxo-Chloride Complex: Epoxidation vs. Hydroxylation Selectivity. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1923-1933. [PMID: 31399940 PMCID: PMC6805805 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02251-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report and analyze chemoselectivity in the gas phase reactions of cycloalkenes (cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cis-cyclooctene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene) with a non-heme iron(IV)-oxo complex [(PyTACN)Fe(O)(Cl)]+, which models the active species in iron-dependent halogenases. Unlike in the halogenases, we did not observe any chlorination of the substrate. However, we observed two other reaction pathways: allylic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and alkene epoxidation. The HAT is clearly preferred in the case of 1,4-cyclohexadiene, both pathways have comparable reaction rates in reaction with cyclohexene, and epoxidation is strongly favored in reactions with cycloheptene and cis-cyclooctene. This preference for epoxidation differs from the reactivity of iron(IV)-oxo complexes in the condensed phase, where HAT usually prevails. To understand the observed selectivity, we analyze effects of the substrate, spin state, and solvation. Our DFT and CASPT2 calculations suggest that all the reactions occur on the quintet potential energy surface. The DFT-calculated energies of the transition states for the epoxidation and hydroxylation pathways explain the observed chemoselectivity. The SMD implicit solvation model predicts the relative increase of the epoxidation barriers with solvent polarity, which explains the clear preference of HAT in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Terencio
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100650, Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui, Ecuador
| | - Erik Andris
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ilaria Gamba
- Departament de Quimica and Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis (IQCC), University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Martin Srnec
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v. v. i., Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Miquel Costas
- Departament de Quimica and Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis (IQCC), University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071, Girona, Spain.
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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8
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Yue L, Wang N, Zhou S, Sun X, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Elektrisches Feld als “smarter” Ligandenersatz zur kontrollierten thermischen Aktivierung von Methan und molekularem Wasserstoff. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Na Wang
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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9
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Yue L, Wang N, Zhou S, Sun X, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. The Electric Field as a “Smart” Ligand in Controlling the Thermal Activation of Methane and Molecular Hydrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14635-14639. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Na Wang
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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10
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Yue L, Zhou S, Sun X, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Direkte Umwandlung von Methan zu protoniertem Formaldehyd bei Raumtemperatur in der Gasphase: Zur Rolle von Quecksilber unter den Oxidkationen der Zinktriade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou V.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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11
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Yue L, Zhou S, Sun X, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Direct Room-Temperature Conversion of Methane into Protonated Formaldehyde: The Gas-Phase Chemistry of Mercury among the Zinc Triad Oxide Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3251-3255. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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12
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Silva TC, de Almeida KJ, dos Santos Pires M, de Castro AA, Gonçalves MA, da Cunha EFF, Ramalho TC. Theoretical structural and electronic analyses with emphasis on the reactivity of iron oxide prototypes in methane C–H bond activation. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-016-1103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Die Chemie von [AuO]+
/CH4
in der Gasphase: Selektive Sauerstoffatom-Übertragung auf, statt Wasserstoffatom-Abstraktion von Methan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 VR China
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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14
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Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. The Unique Gas-Phase Chemistry of the [AuO]+
/CH4
Couple: Selective Oxygen-Atom Transfer to, Rather than Hydrogen-Atom Abstraction from, Methane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10877-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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15
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Cox RM, Citir M, Armentrout PB, Battey SR, Peterson KA. Bond energies of ThO+ and ThC+: A guided ion beam and quantum chemical investigation of the reactions of thorium cation with O2 and CO. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:184309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4948812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Murat Citir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - P. B. Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Samuel R. Battey
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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16
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González-Navarrete P, Schlangen M, Wu XN, Schwarz H. Unravelling Mechanistic Aspects of the Gas-Phase Ethanol Conversion: An Experimental and Computational Study on the Thermal Reactions of MO2 (+) (M=Mo, W) with Ethanol. Chemistry 2016; 22:3077-83. [PMID: 26834042 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ion/molecule reactions of molybdenum and tungsten dioxide cations with ethanol have been studied by Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Dehydration of ethanol has been found as the dominant reaction channel, while generation of the ethyl cation corresponds to a minor product. Cleary, the reactions are mainly governed by the Lewis acidity of the metal center. Computational results, together with isotopic labeling experiments, show that the dehydration of ethanol can proceed either through a conventional concerted [1,2]-elimination mechanism or a step-wise process; the latter occurs via a hydroxyethoxy intermediate. Formation of C2 H5 (+) takes place by transfer of OH(-) from ethanol to the metal center of MO2 (+) . The molybdenum and tungsten dioxide cations exhibit comparable reactivities toward ethanol, and this is reflected in similar reaction rate constants and branching ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany), Fax
| | - Xiao-Nan Wu
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany), Fax
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany), Fax.
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17
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de Almeida K, Silva T, Neto J, Rocha M, Ramalho T, de Miranda M, Duarte H. Methane C–H bond activation by niobium oxides: Theoretical analyses of the bonding and reactivity properties of Nbomn+ (m = 1, 2; n = 0, 1, 2). J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Tong Y, Zhang X, Wang Q, Xu X, Wang Y. A theoretical view on CrO2+-mediated C–H bond activation in ethane. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Schwarz H. How and Why Do Cluster Size, Charge State, and Ligands Affect the Course of Metal-Mediated Gas-Phase Activation of Methane? Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Armentrout PB. The bond energy of ReO+: Guided ion-beam and theoretical studies of the reaction of Re+(7S) with O2. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:084305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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21
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Armentrout PB, Li FX. Bond Energy of IrO+: Guided Ion-Beam and Theoretical Studies of the Reaction of Ir+ (5F) with O2. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7754-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4063143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. B. Armentrout
- Chemistry
Department, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Feng-Xia Li
- Chemistry
Department, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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22
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Huang SP, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K. DFT study of the mechanism for methane hydroxylation by soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO): effects of oxidation state, spin state, and coordination number. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:1011-23. [PMID: 23108153 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31304a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exact structure of the active site of intermediate Q, the methane-oxidizing species of soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO), and the reaction mechanism of Q with methane molecule are still not fully clear. To gain further insights into the structure and reaction mechanism, five diiron models of Q that differ in shape, oxidation state, spin state, and coordination number of the two iron centers are studied. Different mechanisms in different spin states were explored. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that Fe(III)Fe(IV)(μ-O)(μ-OH) is more reactive than Fe(IV)(2)(μ-O)(2) in the oxygen-rich environment and that the reactivity of the active core of sMMO-Q is not enhanced by converting its oxo bridge into a terminal ligand. A four-coordinated diiron model is the most effective for methane hydroxylation. Both radical and non-radical intermediates are involved in the reactions for the four-coordinated diiron model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Huang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, and International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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23
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Lourenço C, Michelini MDC, Marçalo J, Gibson JK, Oliveira MC. Gas-Phase Reaction Studies of Dipositive Hafnium and Hafnium Oxide Ions: Generation of the Peroxide HfO22+. J Phys Chem A 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3088385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lourenço
- Centro de Química Estrutural,
Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Joaquim Marçalo
- Unidade de
Ciências Químicas
e Radiofarmacêuticas, IST/ITN, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 2686-953 Sacavém,
Portugal
| | - John K. Gibson
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Maria Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural,
Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Harris BL, Waters T, Khairallah GN, O’Hair RAJ. Gas-Phase Reactions of [VO2(OH)2]− and [V2O5(OH)]− with Methanol: Experiment and Theory. J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:1124-35. [PMID: 22889366 DOI: 10.1021/jp3046142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Harris
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, and §ARC Centre of
Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tom Waters
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, and §ARC Centre of
Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - George N. Khairallah
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, and §ARC Centre of
Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard A. J. O’Hair
- School
of Chemistry, ‡Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, and §ARC Centre of
Excellence for Free Radical Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Victoria 3010, Australia
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25
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Dietl N, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Thermal Hydrogen-Atom Transfer from Methane: The Role of Radicals and Spin States in Oxo-Cluster Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5544-55. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Dietl N, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Thermische Wasserstoffabstraktion aus Methan - zur Rolle von Radikalen und Spinzuständen in der Chemie von Oxoclustern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Dietl N, van der Linde C, Schlangen M, Beyer MK, Schwarz H. Diatomic [CuO]+ and Its Role in the Spin-Selective Hydrogen- and Oxygen-Atom Transfers in the Thermal Activation of Methane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4966-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Dietl N, van der Linde C, Schlangen M, Beyer MK, Schwarz H. Über die Rolle von [CuO]+ bei spinselektiven Wasserstoff- und Sauerstoff-Übertragungen in der Aktivierung von Methan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Kretschmer R, Zhang X, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Thermal Activation of NH Bonds by Transition-metal Oxide Cations: Does a Hierarchy Exist in the First Row? Chemistry 2011; 17:3886-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Rezabal E, Gauss J, Matxain JM, Berger R, Diefenbach M, Holthausen MC. Quantum chemical assessment of the binding energy of CuO+. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:064304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3537797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Dietl N, Höckendorf RF, Schlangen M, Lerch M, Beyer MK, Schwarz H. Generation, Reactivity Towards Hydrocarbons, and Electronic Structure of Heteronuclear Vanadium Phosphorous Oxygen Cluster Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1430-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. MRCI investigation of different isomers of Ni2O2H2+. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2963-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01170c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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33
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Lakuntza O, Matxain JM, Ugalde JM. Quantum chemical study of the reaction between Ni+ and H2S. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:3172-8. [PMID: 20830728 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200901020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between the Ni(+) cation and H(2)S is studied by considering both the doublet ground state and the lowest-lying quartet state. For the doublet state the reaction is endothermic, whereas it is exothermic for the quartet state. Both CCSD(T)//B3LYP and B3LYP levels of theory, combined with the triple-zeta quality TZVP++G(3df,2p), predict that there are three spin crossings along the characterized reaction path. The first one is located after the first transition state, and the second and third ones before and after the second transition state. On the quartet potential energy surface, both transition states are close in energy to the reactants, while on the doublet surface both lie quite higher in energy. The doublet and quartet states of the HNiSH(+) four-membered intermediate lie very close in energy and their corresponding electronic configurations are connected by a single electron flip. This suggests that the -SH ligand would not prevent a facile intersystem crossing at this intermediate molecule, in contrast to the larger protection provided by the more electronegative -OH ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oier Lakuntza
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
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34
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Coupling and uncoupling mechanisms in the methoxythreonine mutant of cytochrome P450cam: a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical study. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 15:361-72. [PMID: 20225401 PMCID: PMC2830628 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Thr252 residue plays a vital role in the catalytic cycle of cytochrome P450cam during the formation of the active species (Compound I) from its precursor (Compound 0). We investigate the effect of replacing Thr252 by methoxythreonine (MeO-Thr) on this protonation reaction (coupling) and on the competing formation of the ferric resting state and H2O2 (uncoupling) by combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods. For each reaction, two possible mechanisms are studied, and for each of these the residues Asp251 and Glu366 are considered as proton sources. The computed QM/MM barriers indicate that uncoupling is unfavorable in the case of the Thr252MeO-Thr mutant, whereas there are two energetically feasible proton transfer pathways for coupling. The corresponding rate-limiting barriers for the formation of Compound I are higher in the mutant than in the wild-type enzyme. These findings are consistent with the experimental observations that the Thr252MeO-Thr mutant forms the alcohol product exclusively (via Compound I), but at lower reaction rates compared with the wild-type enzyme.
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35
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Roithová J, Schröder D. Selective activation of alkanes by gas-phase metal ions. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1170-211. [PMID: 20041696 DOI: 10.1021/cr900183p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Sciences, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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36
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Dietl N, Engeser M, Schwarz H. Competitive Hydrogen-Atom Abstraction versus Oxygen-Atom and Electron Transfers in Gas-Phase Reactions of [X4O10].+(X=P, V) with C2H4. Chemistry 2010; 16:4452-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Altinay G, Citir M, Metz RB. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Intermediates in Methane-to-Methanol Conversion by FeO+. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:5104-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Altinay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Murat Citir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Ricardo B. Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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38
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Schröder D, Roithová J, Alikhani E, Kwapien K, Sauer J. Preferential Activation of Primary CH Bonds in the Reactions of Small Alkanes with the Diatomic MgO+. Cation. Chemistry 2010; 16:4110-9. [PMID: 20187038 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo námestí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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39
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Armentrout PB, Kretzschmar I. Guided ion beam and theoretical studies of the reaction of Ag+ with CS2: Gas-phase thermochemistry of AgS+ and AgCS+ and insight into spin-forbidden reactions. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:024306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3285837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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40
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Balcells D, Clot E, Eisenstein O. C—H Bond Activation in Transition Metal Species from a Computational Perspective. Chem Rev 2010; 110:749-823. [PMID: 20067255 DOI: 10.1021/cr900315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 843] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Balcells
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS 5253, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Clot
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS 5253, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Odile Eisenstein
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS 5253, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34000 Montpellier, France
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41
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Tyo EC, Castleman AW, Schröder D, Milko P, Roithova J, Ortega JM, Cinellu MA, Cocco F, Minghetti G. Large effect of a small substitution: competition of dehydration with charge retention and coulomb explosion in gaseous [(bipy(R))Au(mu-O)2Au(bipy(R))]2+ dications. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:13009-19. [PMID: 19705830 DOI: 10.1021/ja902773b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear gold(III) clusters with a rhombic Au(2)O(2) core and 2,2'-bipyridyl ligands substituted in the 6-position (bipy(R)) are examined by tandem mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization of the hexafluorophosphate salts affords the complexes [(bipy(R))Au(mu-O)(2)Au(bipy(R))](2+) as free dications in the gas phase. The fragmentation behavior of the mass-selected dications is probed by means of collision-induced dissociation experiments which reveal an exceptionally pronounced effect of substitution. Thus, for the parent compound with R = H, i.e., [(bipy)Au(mu-O)(2)Au(bipy)](2+), fragmentation at the dicationic stage prevails to result in a loss of neutral H(2)O concomitant with an assumed rollover cyclometalation of the bipyridine ligands. In marked contrast, all complexes with alkyl substituents in the 6-position of the ligands (bipy(R) with R = CH(3), CH(CH(3))(2), CH(2)C(CH(3))(3), and 2,6-C(6)H(3)(CH(3))(2)) as well as the corresponding complex with 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridyl as a ligand exclusively undergo Coulomb explosion to produce two monocationic fragments. It is proposed that the additional steric strain introduced to the central Au(2)O(2) core by the substituents on the bipyridine ligand, in conjunction with the presence of oxidizable C-H bonds in the substituents, crucially affects the subtle balance between dication dissociation under maintenance of the 2-fold charge and Coulomb explosion into two singly charged fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Tyo
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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42
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Dietl N, Engeser M, Schwarz H. Thermal Homo- and Heterolytic CH Bond Activation of Ethane and Propane by Bare [P4O10].+: Regioselectivities, Kinetic Isotope Effects, and Density Functional Theory Based Potential-Energy Surfaces. Chemistry 2009; 15:11100-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Gong Y, Zhou M, Andrews L. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of Transition Metal Oxides and Dioxygen Complexes. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6765-808. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900185x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
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Dietl N, Engeser M, Schwarz H. Room-Temperature CH Bond Activation of Methane by Bare [P4O10].+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:4861-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Dietl N, Engeser M, Schwarz H. Aktivierung der C‐H‐Bindung von Methan bei Raumtemperatur durch nacktes [P4O10].+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Perera KM, Metz RB. Photodissociation Spectroscopy and Dissociation Dynamics of TiO+(CO2). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:6253-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Manori Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Ricardo B. Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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47
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Schröder D, Souvi SO, Alikhani E. Hydrated metal-oxide versus dihydroxide structures of [MO2H2]+ cations with MFe, Co, and Ni. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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49
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Schröder D, Schwarz H. Gas-phase activation of methane by ligated transition-metal cations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:18114-9. [PMID: 18955709 PMCID: PMC2587635 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801849105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivated by the search for ways of a more efficient usage of the large, unexploited resources of methane, recent progress in the gas-phase activation of methane by ligated transition-metal ions is discussed. Mass spectrometric experiments demonstrate that the ligands can crucially influence both reactivity and selectivity of transition-metal cations in bond-activation processes, and the most reactive species derive from combinations of transition metals with the electronegative elements fluorine, oxygen, and chlorine. Furthermore, the collected knowledge about intramolecular kinetic isotope effects associated with the activation of C-H(D) bonds of methane can be used to distinguish the nature of the bond activation as a mere hydrogen-abstraction, a metal-assisted mechanism or more complex reactions such as formation of insertion intermediates or sigma-bond metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic; and
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic; and
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangnian Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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