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Wu C, Chen X, Huang W, Yang J, Zhang Z, Liu J, Liu L, Chen Y, Jiang X, Zhang J. Electric fields reverse the differentiation of keratinocyte monolayer by down-regulating E-cadherin through PI3K/AKT/Snail pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33069. [PMID: 39022057 PMCID: PMC11252959 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Re-epithelialization is an important step in skin wound healing, referring to the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of keratinocytes around the wound. During this process, the edges of the wound begin to form new epithelial cells, which migrate from the periphery of the wound towards the center, gradually covering the entire wound area. These newly formed epithelial cells proliferate and differentiate, ultimately forming a protective layer over the exposed dermal surface. Wound endogenous electric fields (EFs) are known as the dominant factor to facilitate the epidermal migration to wound center. However, the precise mechanisms by which EFs promote epidermal migration remains elusive. Here, we found that in a model of cultured keratinocyte monolayer in vitro, EFs application reversed the differentiation of cells, as indicated by the reduction of the early differentiation markers K1 and K10. Genetic manipulation confirmed that EFs reversed keratinocyte differentiation through down-regulating the E-cadherin-mediated adhesion. By RNA-sequencing analysis, we screened out Snail as the transcription suppressor of E-cadherin. Snail knockdown abolished the down-regulation of E-cadherin and the reversal of differentiation induced by EFs. KEGG analysis identified PI3K/AKT signaling for Snail induction under EFs. Inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 diminished the EFs-induced AKT activation and Snail augmentation, largely restoring the level of E-cadherin reduced by EFs. Finally, in model of full-thickness skin wounds in pigs, we found that weakening of the wound endogenous EFs by the direction-reversed exogenous EFs resulted in an up-regulation of E-cadherin and earlier differentiation in newly formed epidermis in vivo. Our research suggests that electric fields (EFs) decrease E-cadherin expression by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/Snail pathway, thereby reversing the differentiation of keratinocytes. This discovery provides us with new insights into the role of electric fields in wound healing. EFs intervene in intracellular signaling pathways, inhibiting the expression of E-cadherin, which results in a lower differentiation state of keratinocytes. In this state, keratinocytes exhibit increased migratory capacity, facilitating the migration of epidermal cells and wound reepithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wanqi Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jinrui Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Burns and Plastic Surgery Centre, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Luojia Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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Liu H. Effect of Skin Barrier on Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatitis 2024. [PMID: 38738291 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2024.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The skin acts as the body's primary physical and immune barrier, maintaining the skin microbiome and providing a physical, chemical, and immune barrier. A disrupted skin barrier plays a critical role in the onset and advancement of inflammatory skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and contact dermatitis. This narrative review outlines the relationship between AD and skin barrier function in preparation for the search for possible markers for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanye Liu
- From the Beihua University, Jilin, China
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Contreras L, García-Gaipo L, Casar B, Gandarillas A. DNA damage signalling histone H2AX is required for tumour growth. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:99. [PMID: 38402225 PMCID: PMC10894207 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer most frequently develops in self-renewal tissues that are the target of genetic alterations due to mutagens or intrinsic DNA replication errors. Histone γH2AX has a critical role in the cellular DNA repair pathway cascade and contributes to genomic stability. However, the role of γH2AX in the ontology of cancer is unclear. We have investigated this issue in the epidermis, a self-renewal epithelium continuously exposed to genetic hazard and replication stress. Silencing H2AX caused cell cycle hyperactivation, impaired DNA repair and epidermal hyperplasia in the skin. However, mutagen-induced carcinogenesis was strikingly reduced in the absence of H2AX. KO tumours appeared significantly later than controls and were fewer, smaller and more benign. The stem cell marker Δp63 drastically diminished in the KO epidermis. We conclude that H2AX is required for tissue-making during both homoeostasis and tumourigenesis, possibly by contributing to the control and repair of stem cells. Therefore, although H2AX is thought to act as a tumour suppressor and our results show that it contributes to homeostasis, they also indicate that it is required for the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Contreras
- Cell cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Lorena García-Gaipo
- Cell cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Cantabria (UC), 39011, Santander, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gandarillas
- Cell cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, (INSERM), Délégation Occitanie, 34394, Montpellier, France.
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Zhang H, Gu Y, Zhang K, Tu Y, Ouyang C. Roles and mechanisms of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of diabetic foot: A review of preclinical and clinical studies. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108671. [PMID: 38154217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Growing preclinical and clinical evidence has suggested the potential method of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) therapy for diabetic foot. Thus, the authors provided an outline of the application of UCMSCs in the treatment of diabetic foot and further summarized the roles and mechanisms of this therapy. DATA SYNTHESIS With no time limitations, the authors searched the Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PubMed (MEDLINE) databases. 14 studies were included, including 9 preclinical experiments and 5 clinical trials (3 RCTs and 2 single-arm trials). CONCLUSIONS The UCMSCs are of great efficacy and safety, and function mainly by reducing inflammation, regulating immunity, promoting growth factors, and enhancing the functions of vascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. As a result, ulcer healing-related biological processes ensue, which finally lead to diabetic foot ulcer healing and clinical symptom improvement. UCMSC treatment enhances diabetic foot ulcer healing and has a safety profile. They function mainly by modulating immunity, promoting growth factor secretion, and enhancing cellular functions. More well-designed preclinical and clinical studies are needed to provide the most optimal protocol, the comprehensive molecular mechanisms, as well as to further evaluate the efficiency and safety profile of UCMSC treatment in diabetic foot patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorui Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuanrui Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yanxia Tu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Chenxi Ouyang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
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Chen QG, Zhang YM, Chen C, Wang S, Li ZF, Hou ZF, Liu DD, Tao JP, Xu JJ. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics analyses of a chicken-original virulent and its attenuated Histomonas meleagridis strain in China. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1106807. [PMID: 37008342 PMCID: PMC10063853 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionHistomonas meleagridis can cause histomonosis in poultry. Due to the prohibition of effective drugs, the prevention and treatment of the disease requires new strategies. Questions about its pathogenic mechanisms and virulence factors remain puzzling.MethodsTo address these issues, a tandem mass tag (TMT) comparative proteomic analysis of a virulent strain and its attenuated strain of Chinese chicken-origin was performed.ResultsA total of 3,494 proteins were identified in the experiment, of which 745 proteins were differentially expressed (fold change ≥1.2 or ≤0.83 and p < 0.05), with 192 up-regulated proteins and 553 down-regulated proteins in the virulent strain relative to the attenuated strain.DiscussionSurface protein BspA like, digestive cysteine proteinase, actin, and GH family 25 lysozyme were noted among the proteins up regulated in virulent strains, and these several proteins may be directly related to the pathogenic capacity of the histomonad. Ferredoxin, 60S ribosomal protein L6, 40S ribosomal protein S3, and NADP-dependent malic enzyme which associated with biosynthesis and metabolism were also noted, which have the potential to be new drug targets. The up-regulation of alpha-amylase, ras-like protein 1, ras-like protein 2, and involucrin in attenuated strains helps to understand how it is adapted to the long-term in vitro culture environment. The above results provide some candidate protein-coding genes for further functional verification, which will help to understand the molecular mechanism of pathogenicity and attenuation of H. meleagridis more comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Guang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zai-Fan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jun Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Jun Xu
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Yakupu A, Zhang D, Guan H, Jiang M, Dong J, Niu Y, Tang J, Liu Y, Ma X, Lu S. Single-cell analysis reveals melanocytes may promote inflammation in chronic wounds through cathepsin G. Front Genet 2023; 14:1072995. [PMID: 36755572 PMCID: PMC9900029 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1072995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During acute wound (AW) healing, a series of proper communications will occur between different epidermal cells at precise temporal stages to restore the integrity of the skin. However, it is still unclear what variation happened in epidermal cell interaction in the chronic wound environment. To provide new insights into chronic wound healing, we reconstructed the variations in the epidermal cell-cell communication network that occur in chronic wound healing via single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data analysis. We found that the intricate cellular and molecular interactions increased in pressure ulcer (PU) compared to AW, especially the PARs signaling pathways were significantly upregulated. It shows that the PARs signaling pathways' main source was melanocytes and the CTSG-F2RL1 ligand-receptor pairs were its main contributor. Cathepsin G (CatG or CTSG) is a serine protease mainly with trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like specificity. It is synthesized and secreted by some immune or non-immune cells. Whereas, it has not been reported that melanocytes can synthesize and secrete the CTSG. F2R Like Trypsin Receptor 1 (F2RL1) is a member of proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) that are irreversibly activated by proteolytic cleavage and its stimulation can promote inflammation and inflammatory cell infiltration. In this study, we found that melanocytes increased in pressure ulcers, melanocytes can synthesize and secrete the CTSG and may promote inflammation in chronic wounds through CTSG-F2RL1 pairs, which may be a novel potential target and a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aobuliaximu Yakupu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haonan Guan
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minfei Jiang
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoyun Dong
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Niu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Tang
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingkai Liu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Ma
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xian Ma, ; Shuliang Lu,
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xian Ma, ; Shuliang Lu,
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DNA damage triggers squamous metaplasia in human lung and mammary cells via mitotic checkpoints. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:21. [PMID: 36681661 PMCID: PMC9867756 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial transdifferentiation is frequent in tissue hyperplasia and contributes to disease in various degrees. Squamous metaplasia (SQM) precedes epidermoid lung cancer, an aggressive and frequent malignancy, but it is rare in the epithelium of the mammary gland. The mechanisms leading to SQM in the lung have been very poorly investigated. We have studied this issue on human freshly isolated cells and organoids. Here we show that human lung or mammary cells strikingly undergo SQM with polyploidisation when they are exposed to genotoxic or mitotic drugs, such as Doxorubicin or the cigarette carcinogen DMBA, Nocodazole, Taxol or inhibitors of Aurora-B kinase or Polo-like kinase. To note, the epidermoid response was attenuated when DNA repair was enhanced by Enoxacin or when mitotic checkpoints where abrogated by inhibition of Chk1 and Chk2. The results show that DNA damage has the potential to drive SQM via mitotic checkpoints, thus providing novel molecular candidate targets to tackle lung SCC. Our findings might also explain why SCC is frequent in the lung, but not in the mammary gland and why chemotherapy often causes complicating skin toxicity.
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Ahmadi S, Pachis ST, Kalogeropoulos K, McGeoghan F, Canbay V, Hall SR, Crittenden EP, Dawson CA, Bartlett KE, Gutiérrez JM, Casewell NR, Keller UAD, Laustsen AH. Proteomics and histological assessment of an organotypic model of human skin following exposure to Naja nigricollis venom. Toxicon 2022; 220:106955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zuniga K, Ghousifam N, Sansalone J, Senecal K, Van Dyke M, Rylander MN. Keratin Promotes Differentiation of Keratinocytes Seeded on Collagen/Keratin Hydrogels. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100559. [PMID: 36290526 PMCID: PMC9598618 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Keratinocytes undergo a complex process of differentiation to form the stratified stratum corneum layer of the skin. In most biomimetic skin models, a 3D hydrogel fabricated out of collagen type I is used to mimic human skin. However, native skin also contains keratin, which makes up 90% of the epidermis and is produced by the keratinocytes present. We hypothesized that the addition of keratin (KTN) in our collagen hydrogel may aid in the process of keratinocyte differentiation compared to a pure collagen hydrogel. Keratinocytes were seeded on top of a 100% collagen or 50/50 C/KTN hydrogel cultured in either calcium-free (Ca-free) or calcium+ (Ca+) media. Our study demonstrates that the addition of keratin and calcium in the media increased lysosomal activity by measuring the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) activity and lysosomal distribution length, an indication of greater keratinocyte differentiation. We also found that the presence of KTN in the hydrogel also increased the expression of involucrin, a differentiation marker, compared to a pure collagen hydrogel. We demonstrate that a combination (i.e., containing both collagen and kerateine or “C/KTN”) hydrogel was able to increase keratinocyte differentiation compared to a pure collagen hydrogel, and the addition of calcium further increased the differentiation of keratinocytes. This multi-protein hydrogel shows promise in future models or treatments to increase keratinocyte differentiation into the stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameel Zuniga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Neda Ghousifam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John Sansalone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kris Senecal
- Natick Soldier Center, U.S. Army Soldier & Biological Chemical Command, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Mark Van Dyke
- College of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Lai QWS, Fan Q, Zheng BZ, Chen Y, Dong TT, Tsim KWK. Edible bird’s nest, an Asian health food supplement, possesses anti-inflammatory responses in restoring the symptoms of atopic dermatitis: An analysis of signaling cascades. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:941413. [PMID: 36204219 PMCID: PMC9531170 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.941413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is a Chinese delicacy possessing skin rejuvenating functions. To verify skin anti-inflammatory function of EBN, water extract and enzymatic digest of EBN, as well as the major sialic acid, N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA), were probed in TNF-α-treated HaCaT keratinocytes. The mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and an enzyme responsible for inflammatory response, i.e., Cox-2, as well as filaggrin and filaggrin-2, were markedly altered after treating with different preparations of EBN. The EBN-mediated responses could be accounted by its robust reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-κB signaling and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK, as triggered by TNF-α-induced inflammation. The anti-inflammatory response of EBN was further supported in animal model. In 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced dermatitic mice, the effects on skin thickness, severity level of damage and scratching behavior, exerted by DNCB, were reversed after EBN treatments, in dose-dependent manners. In parallel, the levels of immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in dermatitic skin were markedly reduced by treatment of EBN preparations. In general, NANA and enzymatic digest of EBN showed better anti-inflammatory responses in both models of in vitro and in vivo. These lines of evidence therefore suggest the possible application of EBN in treating atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queenie Wing Sze Lai
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qunyan Fan
- Bird’s Nest Research Institute of Yan Palace, Xiamen Yan Palace Seelong Food Co., Ltd., Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Brody Zhongyu Zheng
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanxian Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tina Tingxia Dong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Karl Wah Keung Tsim,
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Protooncogene MYC drives human melanocyte melanogenesis and senescence. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1160-1167. [PMID: 35022520 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In spite of extensive research and advances on the molecular biology of melanoma, the process of melanocytic differentiation or its relationship with proliferation is poorly understood. The role of proto-oncogenes in normal melanocyte biology is also intriguing. Proto-oncogene MYC is overexpressed in 40% of melanomas. It has been suggested that MYC can mediate senescence bypass in malignant melanocytes, an important event in melanoma development, likely in cooperation with other oncogenic pathways. However, despite the apparent importance of MYC in melanoma, its functions in normal melanocytes are unknown. We have overexpressed MYC in freshly isolated human primary melanocytes and studied the effects on melanocytic proliferation and differentiation. MYC promoted a transient activation of melanocytes including cell cycle entry, DNA damage and cell migration. Subsequently, MYC induced melanogenesis, increased cellular size and complexity and senescence. Interestingly, we also found strong expression of MYC in regions of human nevi displaying high pigmentation and high expression of senescence marker p16. The results altogether show that MYC drives melanocytic differentiation and suggest that senescence is associated with differentiation. We discuss the implications into the mechanisms governing melanocytic differentiation and the development of melanoma.
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Cryptomphalus aspersa Eggs Extract Potentiates Human Epidermal Stem Cell Regeneration and Amplification. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern life and extended life expectancy have prompted the search for natural compounds alleviating skin aging. Evidence supports the beneficial effects on skin integrity and health from the topical administration of preparations of the mollusc Cryptomphalus aspersa eggs extract (IFC-CAF®) and suggests these effects are partly derived from an impact on skin renewal and repair mechanisms. The objective was to dissect in vitro the specific impact of IFC-CAF® on different parameters related to the regenerative potential, differentiation phenotype and exhaustion of skin stem cells. A prominent impact of IFC-CAF® was the induction of stratification and differentiated phenotypes from skin stem cells. IFC-CAF® slowed down the cell cycle at the keratinocyte DNA repair phase and, decelerated proliferation. However, it preserved the proliferative potential of the stem cells. IFC-CAF® reduced the DNA damage marker, γH2AX, and induced the expression of the transcription factor p53. These features correlated with significant protection in telomere shortening upon replicative exhaustion. Thus, IFC-CAF® helps maintain orderly cell cycling and differentiation, thus potentiating DNA repair and integrity. Our observations support the regenerative and repair capacity of IFC-CAF® on skin, through the improved mobilization and ordered differentiation of keratinocyte precursors and the enhancement of genome surveillance and repair mechanisms that counteract aging.
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BET bromodomain inhibitors regulate keratinocyte plasticity. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:280-290. [PMID: 33462494 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although most acute skin wounds heal rapidly, non-healing skin ulcers represent an increasing and substantial unmet medical need that urgently requires effective therapeutics. Keratinocytes resurface wounds to re-establish the epidermal barrier by transitioning to an activated, migratory state, but this ability is lost in dysfunctional chronic wounds. Small-molecule regulators of keratinocyte plasticity with the potential to reverse keratinocyte malfunction in situ could offer a novel therapeutic approach in skin wound healing. Utilizing high-throughput phenotypic screening of primary keratinocytes, we identify such small molecules, including bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein family inhibitors (BETi). BETi induce a sustained activated, migratory state in keratinocytes in vitro, increase activation markers in human epidermis ex vivo and enhance skin wound healing in vivo. Our findings suggest potential clinical utility of BETi in promoting keratinocyte re-epithelialization of skin wounds. Importantly, this novel property of BETi is exclusively observed after transient low-dose exposure, revealing new potential for this compound class.
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Molinuevo R, Freije A, Contreras L, Sanz JR, Gandarillas A. The DNA damage response links human squamous proliferation with differentiation. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:152154. [PMID: 33007086 PMCID: PMC7534927 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
How rapid cell multiplication leads to cell differentiation in developing tissues is still enigmatic. This question is central to morphogenesis, cell number control, and homeostasis. Self-renewal epidermoid epithelia are continuously exposed to mutagens and are the most common target of cancer. Unknown mechanisms commit rapidly proliferating cells to post-mitotic terminal differentiation. We have over-activated or inhibited the endogenous DNA damage response (DDR) pathways by combinations of activating TopBP1 protein, specific shRNAs, or chemical inhibitors for ATR, ATM, and/or DNA-PK. The results dissect and demonstrate that these signals control keratinocyte differentiation in proliferating cells independently of actual DNA damage. The DDR limits keratinocyte multiplication upon hyperproliferative stimuli. Moreover, knocking down H2AX, a common target of the DDR pathways, inhibits the epidermoid phenotype. The results altogether show that the DDR is required to maintain the balance proliferation differentiation and suggest that is part of the squamous program. We propose a homeostatic model where genetic damage is automatically and continuously cleansed by cell-autonomous mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Molinuevo
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Freije
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Lizbeth Contreras
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan R Sanz
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.,Plastic Surgery Service, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.,Plastic Surgery Department, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Gandarillas
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Languedoc-Roussillon, Montpellier, France
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de Pedro I, Galán-Vidal J, Freije A, de Diego E, Gandarillas A. p21CIP1 controls the squamous differentiation response to replication stress. Oncogene 2020; 40:152-162. [PMID: 33097856 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01520-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The control of cell fate is critical to homeostasis and cancer. Cell cycle cdk inhibitor p21CIP1 has a central and paradoxical role in the regulatory crossroads leading to senescence, apoptosis, or differentiation. p21 is an essential target of tumor suppressor p53, but it also is regulated independently. In squamous self-renewal epithelia continuously exposed to mutagenesis, p21 controls cell fate by mechanisms still intriguing. We previously identified a novel epidermoid DNA damage-differentiation response. We here show that p21 intervenes in the mitosis block that is required for the squamous differentiation response to cell cycle deregulation and replication stress. The inactivation of endogenous p21 in human primary keratinocytes alleviated the differentiation response to oncogenic loss of p53 or overexpression of the DNA replication major regulator Cyclin E. The bypass of p21-induced mitotic block involving upregulation of Cyclin B allowed DNA damaged cells to escape differentiation and continue to proliferate. In addition, loss of p21 drove keratinocytes from differentiation to apoptosis upon moderate UV irradiation. The results show that p21 is required to drive keratinocytes towards differentiation in response to genomic stress and shed light into its dual and paradoxical role in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel de Pedro
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Galán-Vidal
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Freije
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Ernesto de Diego
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain.,Paediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Gandarillas
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cell Fate and Cancer Laboratory, Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011, Santander, Spain. .,INSERM, Languedoc-Roussillon, 34394, Montpellier, France.
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