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Wang J, Yun Q, Qian JJ, Song HR, Wang L, Inkabi SE, Xu RJ, Hu YM, Zhang WN, Einat H. Mice Lacking the Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1α Exhibit Hyperactivity. Neuropsychobiology 2020; 78:182-188. [PMID: 31266022 DOI: 10.1159/000500738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Significant evidence from various sources suggests that structural alterations in mitochondrial function may play a role in both the pathogenesis of mood disorders and the therapeutic effects of available treatments. PGC-1α is a distinct transcriptional regulator designed to mediate the synchronous release of neurotransmitter in the brain and thereby to coordinate a number of gene expression pathways to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation. The role of PGC-1α in the context of affective disorder phenotypes and treatments has been suggested but not studied in depth. To further investigate the possible involvement of PGC-1α in affective disorders, we generated conditional PGC-1α null mice through transgenic expression of cre recombinase under the control of a Dlx5/6 promoter; cre-mediated excision events were limited to γ-amino-butyric-acid (GABA)-ergic specific neurons. We tested these mice in a battery of behavioral tests related to affective change including spontaneous activity, elevated plus maze, forced swim test, and tail suspension test. Results demonstrated that mice lacking PGC-1α in GABAergic neurons exhibited increased activity across tests that might be related to a mania-like phenotype. These results suggest possible relevance of PGC-1α to affective change, which corresponds with data connecting mitochondrial function and affective disorders and their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qi Yun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jin-Jun Qian
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hua-Rong Song
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | | | - Yan-Mei Hu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei-Ning Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel-Aviv, Israel,
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Pappas AL, Bey AL, Wang X, Rossi M, Kim YH, Yan H, Porkka F, Duffney LJ, Phillips SM, Cao X, Ding JD, Rodriguiz RM, Yin HH, Weinberg RJ, Ji RR, Wetsel WC, Jiang YH. Deficiency of Shank2 causes mania-like behavior that responds to mood stabilizers. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92052. [PMID: 29046483 PMCID: PMC5846902 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects in the synaptic scaffolding protein gene, SHANK2, are linked to a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, intellectual disability, and bipolar disorder, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the pleotropic effects of SHANK2 mutations are poorly understood. We generated and characterized a line of Shank2 mutant mice by deleting exon 24 (Δe24). Shank2Δe24-/- mice engage in significantly increased locomotor activity, display abnormal reward-seeking behavior, are anhedonic, have perturbations in circadian rhythms, and show deficits in social and cognitive behaviors. While these phenotypes recapitulate the pleotropic behaviors associated with human SHANK2-related disorders, major behavioral features in these mice are reminiscent of bipolar disorder. For instance, their hyperactivity was augmented with amphetamine but was normalized with the mood stabilizers lithium and valproate. Shank2 deficiency limited to the forebrain recapitulated the bipolar mania phenotype. The composition and functions of NMDA and AMPA receptors were altered at Shank2-deficient synapses, hinting toward the mechanism underlying these behavioral abnormalities. Human genetic findings support construct validity, and the behavioral features in Shank2 Δe24 mice support face and predictive validities of this model for bipolar mania. Further genetic studies to understand the contribution of SHANK2 deficiencies in bipolar disorder are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Pappas
- Department of Neurobiology
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fiona Porkka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jin-dong Ding
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramona M. Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henry H. Yin
- Department of Neurobiology
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
| | - Richard J. Weinberg
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Neurobiology
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program
- Department of Anesthesiology, and
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Department of Neurobiology
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology
- Duke Institute of Brain Science, and
| | - Yong-hui Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program
- Department of Pediatrics
- Duke Institute of Brain Science, and
- Genomics and Genetics Graduate Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Sharma AN, Fries GR, Galvez JF, Valvassori SS, Soares JC, Carvalho AF, Quevedo J. Modeling mania in preclinical settings: A comprehensive review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 66:22-34. [PMID: 26545487 PMCID: PMC4728043 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The current pathophysiological understanding of mechanisms leading to onset and progression of bipolar manic episodes remains limited. At the same time, available animal models for mania have limited face, construct, and predictive validities. Additionally, these models fail to encompass recent pathophysiological frameworks of bipolar disorder (BD), e.g. neuroprogression. Therefore, there is a need to search for novel preclinical models for mania that could comprehensively address these limitations. Herein we review the history, validity, and caveats of currently available animal models for mania. We also review new genetic models for mania, namely knockout mice for genes involved in neurotransmission, synapse formation, and intracellular signaling pathways. Furthermore, we review recent trends in preclinical models for mania that may aid in the comprehension of mechanisms underlying the neuroprogressive and recurring nature of BD. In conclusion, the validity of animal models for mania remains limited. Nevertheless, novel (e.g. genetic) animal models as well as adaptation of existing paradigms hold promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaykumar N. Sharma
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Gabriel R. Fries
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Juan F. Galvez
- Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana School of Medicine, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Samira S. Valvassori
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - André F. Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Center for Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Ashkenazy-Frolinger T, Einat H, Kronfeld-Schor N. Diurnal rodents as an advantageous model for affective disorders: novel data from diurnal degu (Octodon degus). J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 122 Suppl 1:S35-45. [PMID: 24352409 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are strongly associated with affective disorders and recent studies have suggested utilization of diurnal rodents as model animal for circadian rhythms-related domains of these disorders. Previous work with the diurnal fat sand rat and Nile grass rat demonstrated that short photoperiod conditions result in behavioral changes including anxiety- and depression-like behavior. The present study examined the effect of manipulating day length on activity rhythms and behavior of the diurnal degu. Animals were housed for 3 weeks under either a short photoperiod (5-h:19-h LD) or a neutral photoperiod (12-h:12-h LD) and then evaluated by sweet solution test and the forced swim test for depression-like behavior, and in the light/dark box and open field for anxiety-like behavior. Results indicate that short photoperiod induced depression-like behavior in the forced swim test and the sweet solution preference test and anxiety-like behavior in the open field compared with animals maintained in a neutral photoperiod. No effects were shown in the light/dark box. Short photoperiod-acclimated degu showed reduced total activity duration and activity was not restricted to the light phase. The present study further supports the utilization of diurnal rodents to model circadian rhythms-related affective change. Beyond the possible diversity in the mechanisms underlying diurnality in different animals, there are now evidences that in three different diurnal species, the fat sand rat, the grass Nile rat and the degu, shortening of photoperiod results in the appearance of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors.
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Rodent models for mania: practical approaches. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:191-201. [PMID: 23504091 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity of good animal models for bipolar disorder (BPD) and especially for mania is repeatedly mentioned as one of the rate-limiting factors in the process of gaining a better understanding into its pathophysiology and of developing better treatments. Standard models of BPD have some value but usually represent only one facet of the disease and have partial validity. A number of new approaches for modeling BPD and specifically mania have been suggested in the last few years and can be combined to improve models. These approaches include targeted mutation models representing reverse translation, the identification of advantageous strains for components of the disorder, a search for the most homologous species to address specific human pathology, and the exploration of individual differences of response including the separation between susceptible and resilient animals. Additionally, recent efforts have identified and developed new tests to distinguish between "normal" and "BPD-like" animals including the different utilization of known tests and novel tests such as the female-urine-sniffing test and behavior pattern monitor analysis. Additional tests relating to further domains of BPD are still needed. An ideal model for BPD that will encompass the entire disease and be useful for every demand will probably not become available until we have a full understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder. However, the current advances in modeling should lead to better comprehension of the disorder and therefore to the gradual development of increasingly improved models.
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