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Platt B. Understanding emotion processing in offspring of mothers with depression - A commentary on Burkhouse and Kujawa (2023). J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:608-610. [PMID: 36796785 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In the JCPP Annual Research Review, Burkhouse and Kujawa (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2022) report a systematic review of 64 studies assessing the association between maternal depression and neural and physiological markers of children's emotion processing. This comprehensive review makes a novel contribution to models of transgenerational depression with important implications for future research in this field. In this commentary I reflect more generally on the role of emotion processing in the transmission of depression from parents to children and the clinical implications of neural and physiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Multiple domains of risk factors for first onset of depression in adolescent girls. J Affect Disord 2021; 283:20-29. [PMID: 33516083 PMCID: PMC7954924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First onsets of depression are especially common in adolescent females and often develop into chronic/recurrent illness. Surprisingly few studies have comprehensively evaluated multiple domains of etiologically-informative risk factors for first onset in adolescents from the community. We investigated whether clinical, cognitive, personality, interpersonal, and biological risk factors prospectively predict a first onset of depressive disorder (DD), and of DD with a chronic/recurrent course, in a community sample of adolescent girls. METHODS 479 girls (13.5-15.5 years) with no history of DD completed baseline assessments of risk factors and five diagnostic assessments over 3 years. Baseline measures were analyzed separately and jointly to prospectively predict first-onset DD and first-onset chronic/recurrent DD. RESULTS Most risk factors predicted first-onset DD (n = 93), including depressive symptoms, anxiety disorders, rumination, personality traits, blunted neural response (late positive potential [LPP]) to unpleasant pictures, peer victimization, parental criticism, and parental mood disorder. Depressive symptoms, rumination, parental mood disorder, and parental criticism were independently associated with first onsets. Nearly all measures, including a blunted neural response to rewards (reward positivity [RewP]), also predicted first-onset chronic/recurrent DD (n = 52), with depressive symptoms, low extraversion, poor peer relationships, and blunted RewP emerging as independent risk factors. LIMITATIONS This study focused on adolescent females and therefore does not provide information on males. CONCLUSIONS Multiple domains of risk factors in early adolescence are prospectively associated with first-onset DD and chronic/recurrent DD. A smaller subset of risk factors uniquely contributing to first onsets may represent core vulnerabilities for adolescent-onset depression and promising prevention targets.
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Loechner J, Sfärlea A, Starman K, Oort F, Thomsen LA, Schulte-Körne G, Platt B. Risk of Depression in the Offspring of Parents with Depression: The Role of Emotion Regulation, Cognitive Style, Parenting and Life Events. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2020; 51:294-309. [PMID: 31691071 PMCID: PMC7067707 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Children of depressed parents are at heightened risk for developing depression, yet relatively little is known about the specific mechanisms responsible. Since preventive interventions for this risk group show small effects which diminish overtime, it is crucial to uncover the key risk factors for depression. This study compared various potential mechanisms in children of depressed (high-risk; n = 74) versus non-depressed (low-risk; n = 37) parents and explored mediators of parental depression and risk in offspring. A German sample of N = 111 boys and girls aged 8 to 17 years were compared regarding children's (i) symptoms of depression and general psychopathology, (ii) emotion regulation strategies, (iii) attributional style, (iv) perceived parenting style and (v) life events. Children in the high-risk group showed significantly more symptoms of depression and general psychopathology, less adaptive emotion regulation strategies, fewer positive life events and fewer positive parenting strategies in comparison with the low-risk group. Group differences in positive and negative attributional style were small and not statistically significant in a MANOVA test. Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and negative life events were identified as partial mediators of the association between parental depression and children's risk of depression. The study highlights the elevated risk of depression in children of depressed parents and provides empirical support for existing models of the mechanisms underlying transmission. Interestingly, the high-risk group was characterised by a lack of protective rather than increased vulnerability factors. These results are crucial for developing more effective preventive interventions for this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Loechner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Leopoldstraße 13, 80303, Munich, Germany.
| | - Anca Sfärlea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Kornelija Starman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Frans Oort
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Asperud Thomsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Belinda Platt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Nussbaumstraße 5a, 80336, Munich, Germany
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Zhang N, Qin J, Yan J, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Zhu X, Ju S, Li Y. Increased ASL-CBF in the right amygdala predicts the first onset of depression in healthy young first-degree relatives of patients with major depression. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:54-66. [PMID: 31272311 PMCID: PMC6928554 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19861909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Healthy first-degree relatives of patients with major depression are at an elevated risk of developing depression, and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations are observed in patients with depression. Therefore, in a 33-month follow-up study, we used arterial spin labeling-magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) to investigate quantitative CBF before and after the diagnosis of depression in healthy young adults with and without first-degree relatives with major depression (FH + and FH-, respectively). In cross-sectional and longitudinal CBF comparisons, CBF in the right amygdala was increased or decreased. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between the altered CBF in the right amygdala and the scores on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) in the FH + group. Furthermore, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that increased CBF in the right amygdala at baseline predicted the subsequent onset of depression in the FH + group. Our results suggest that among healthy young adults with a familial risk of depression, those who exhibit increased CBF in the amygdala are susceptible to developing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiasheng Qin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuhao Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Radiology, Zhongda Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Samara Z, Evers EAT, Peeters F, Uylings HBM, Rajkowska G, Ramaekers JG, Stiers P. Orbital and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Functional Connectivity of Major Depression Vulnerability and Disease. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:348-357. [PMID: 29628067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathophysiology models of major depression (MD) center on the dysfunction of various cortical areas within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex. While independent structural and functional abnormalities in these areas are consistent findings in MD, the complex interactions among them and the rest of the cortex remain largely unexplored. METHODS We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity to systematically map alterations in the communication between orbital and medial prefrontal cortex fields and the rest of the brain in MD. Functional connectivity (FC) maps from participants with current MD (n = 35), unaffected first-degree relatives (n = 36), and healthy control subjects (n = 38) were subjected to conjunction analyses to distinguish FC markers of MD vulnerability and FC markers of MD disease. RESULTS FC abnormalities in MD vulnerability were found for dorsal medial wall regions and the anterior insula and concerned altered communication of these areas with the inferior parietal cortex and dorsal posterior cingulate, occipital areas and the brainstem. FC aberrations in current MD included the anterior insula, rostral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and lateral orbitofrontal areas and concerned altered communication with the dorsal striatum, the cerebellum, the precuneus, the anterior prefrontal cortex, somatomotor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and visual areas in the occipital and inferior temporal lobes. CONCLUSIONS Functionally delineated parcellation maps can be used to identify putative connectivity markers in extended cortical regions such as the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex. The anterior insula and the rostral anterior cingulate cortex play a central role in the pathophysiology of MD, being consistently implicated both in the MD vulnerability and MD disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Samara
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisabeth A T Evers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frenk Peeters
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry B M Uylings
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Johannes G Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Stiers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Wang F, Wang J, An J, Yuan G, Hao X, Zhang Y. Resveratrol ameliorates depressive disorder through the NETRIN1-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP signal transduction pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4611-4618. [PMID: 29328454 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorder is a mental health disorder caused by the dysfunction of nerve regeneration, neuroendocrine and neurobiochemistry, which frequently results in cognitive impairments and disorder. Evidence has shown that resveratrol offers benefits for the treatment of depressive disorder. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of resveratrol were investigated and the potential mechanisms mediated by resveratrol were analyzed in hippocampal neuron cells. The anti‑oxidative stress and anti‑inflammatory properties of resveratrol were also examined in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that resveratrol administration inhibited the inflammation in hippocampal neuron cells induced by ouabain. Oxidative stress in the hippocampal neuron cells was ameliorated by resveratrol treatment in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron cells was inhibited by the upregulation of anti‑apoptotic genes, including P53, B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated death promoter, and the downregulation of the cleaved caspase‑3 and caspase‑9. The analysis of the mechanism revealed that that resveratrol treatment suppressed the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron cells through the NETRIN1‑mediated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase/cAMP signal transduction pathway. The results of the in vivo assay showed that resveratrol treatment led to improvements in cognitive competence, learning memory ability and anxiety in a mouse model of depressive disorder induced by ouabain. In conclusion, these results indicated that resveratrol treatment had protective effects against oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory pathogenesis through the NETRIN1‑mediated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase/cAMP signal transduction pathway, suggesting that resveratrol treatment may be a potential antidepressant agent for the treatment of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong An
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Guoming Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
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Opel N, Redlich R, Grotegerd D, Dohm K, Zaremba D, Meinert S, Bürger C, Plümpe L, Alferink J, Heindel W, Kugel H, Zwanzger P, Arolt V, Dannlowski U. Prefrontal brain responsiveness to negative stimuli distinguishes familial risk for major depression from acute disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 42:343-352. [PMID: 28606245 PMCID: PMC5573576 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.160198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying reliable trait markers of familial risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) is a challenge in translational psychiatric research. In individuals with acute MDD, dysfunctional connectivity patterns of prefrontal areas have been shown repeatedly. However, it has been unclear in which neuronal networks functional alterations in individuals at familial risk for MDD might be present and to what extent they resemble findings previously reported in those with acute MDD. METHODS We investigated differences in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response of the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to aversive stimuli between acute MDD and familial risk for the disorder in healthy first-degree relatives of acutely depressed patients with MDD (HC-FH+), healthy age- and sex-matched controls without any family history of depression (HC-FH-), and acutely depressed patients with MDD with (MDD-FH+) and without a family history of depression (MDD-FH-) during a frequently used emotional face-matching paradigm. Analyses of task-specific network connectivity were conducted in terms of psychophysiological interactions (PPI). RESULTS The present analysis included a total of 100 participants: 25 HC-FH+, 25 HC-FH-, 25 MDD-FH+ and 25 MDD-FH-. Patients with MDD exhibited significantly increased activation in the medial OFC to negative stimuli irrespective of familial risk status, whereas healthy participants at familial risk and patients with MDD alike showed significant hypoactivation in the DLPFC compared with healthy participants without familial risk. The PPI analyses revealed significantly enhanced task-specific coupling between the medial OFC and differing cortical areas in individuals with acute MDD and those with familial risk for the disorder. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of our study is its cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION Whereas hypoactivation during negative emotion processing in the DLPFC appears as a common feature in both healthy high-risk individuals and acutely depressed patients, activation patterns of the medial OFC and its underlying connectivity seem to distinguish familial risk from acute disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Udo Dannlowski
- Correspondence to: U. Dannlowski, Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany;
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Vilgis V. Can Affective Neuroscience Predict Who Will Develop Depression? BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:7-8. [PMID: 29560888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vilgis
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, California.
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9
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical neuroscience is increasingly turning to imaging the human brain for answers to a range of questions and challenges. To date, the majority of studies have focused on the neural basis of current psychiatric symptoms, which can facilitate the identification of neurobiological markers for diagnosis. However, the increasing availability and feasibility of using imaging modalities, such as diffusion imaging and resting-state fMRI, enable longitudinal mapping of brain development. This shift in the field is opening the possibility of identifying predictive markers of risk or prognosis, and also represents a critical missing element for efforts to promote personalized or individualized medicine in psychiatry (i.e., stratified psychiatry). METHODS The present work provides a selective review of potentially high-yield populations for longitudinal examination with MRI, based upon our understanding of risk from epidemiologic studies and initial MRI findings. RESULTS Our discussion is organized into three topic areas: (1) practical considerations for establishing temporal precedence in psychiatric research; (2) readiness of the field for conducting longitudinal MRI, particularly for neurodevelopmental questions; and (3) illustrations of high-yield populations and time windows for examination that can be used to rapidly generate meaningful and useful data. Particular emphasis is placed on the implementation of time-appropriate, developmentally informed longitudinal designs, capable of facilitating the identification of biomarkers predictive of risk and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Strategic longitudinal examination of the brain at-risk has the potential to bring the concepts of early intervention and prevention to psychiatry.
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McGinnis EW, Lopez-Duran N, Martinez-Torteya C, Abelson JL, Muzik M. Cortisol Awakening Response and Internalizing Symptoms Across Childhood: Exploring the Role of Age and Externalizing Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 40:289-295. [PMID: 27293303 DOI: 10.1177/0165025415590185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to identify biological correlates of internalizing symptoms in childhood have involved examinations of HPA-axis functioning, namely Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR). However, research has not assessed the relationship between CAR and internalizing problems among children younger than 8 years. Findings with older samples have been somewhat equivocal, perhaps due to high rates of co-occurring externalizing symptoms during childhood and/or due to age-related differences. This cross-sectional study examined CAR in an at-risk sample of children aged 22 months to 8 years at various levels of risk for internalizing symptoms. Internalizing symptoms were associated with blunted CAR, but only after controlling for externalizing problems. The relationship between CAR and internalizing symptoms disappeared with age. Results demonstrate that a negative association between CAR and internalizing exists during early childhood and illustrate the importance of accounting for comorbid externalizing disorders and developmental stage when assessing the HPA-internalizing link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen W McGinnis
- University of Michigan - Psychology, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nestor Lopez-Duran
- University of Michigan - Psychology, 530 Church St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | - James L Abelson
- University of Michigan - Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Maria Muzik
- University of Michigan - Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, United States
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Li H, Wei D, Sun J, Chen Q, Zhang Q, Qiu J. Brain structural alterations associated with young women with subthreshold depression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9707. [PMID: 25982857 PMCID: PMC4434907 DOI: 10.1038/srep09707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroanatomical abnormalities in patients with major depression disorder (MDD) have been attracted great research attention. However, the structural alterations associated with subthreshold depression (StD) remain unclear and, therefore, require further investigation. In this study, 42 young women with StD, and 30 matched non-depressed controls (NCs) were identified based on two-time Beck Depression Inventory scores. Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and region of interest method were used to investigate altered gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter volume (WMV) among a non-clinical sample of young women with StD. VBM results indicated that young women with StD showed significantly decreased GMV in the right inferior parietal lobule than NCs; increased GMV in the amygdala, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus; and increased WMV in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. Together, structural alterations in specific brain regions, which are known to be involved in the fronto-limbic circuits implicated in depression may precede the occurrence of depressive episodes and influence the development of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Li
- 1] Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China [2] Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- 1] Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China [2] Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiangzhou Sun
- 1] Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China [2] Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- 1] Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China [2] Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- 1] Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China [2] Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- 1] Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China [2] Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Sandman CA, Buss C, Head K, Davis EP. Fetal exposure to maternal depressive symptoms is associated with cortical thickness in late childhood. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:324-34. [PMID: 25129235 PMCID: PMC4289467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal depression is one of the most common prenatal complications. The consequences of fetal exposure to maternal depression are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to examine the association between fetal exposure to maternal depressive symptoms and cortical thickness in children 6-9 years old. METHODS A prospective, longitudinal study of maternal depressive symptoms at 19, 25, and 31 weeks' gestation was followed by acquisition of a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan in 81 children (age, 86.1 ± 9.9 months). RESULTS Significant (p < .01) cortical thinning in children primarily in the right frontal lobes was associated with exposure to prenatal maternal depression. The strongest association was at 25 weeks' gestation; exposure to maternal depression at 25 gestational weeks was associated with cortical thinning in 19% of the whole cortex and 24% of the frontal lobes, primarily in the right superior, medial orbital, and frontal pole regions of the prefrontal cortex (p < .01). The significant association between prenatal maternal depression and child externalizing behavior (p < .05) was mediated by cortical thinning in prefrontal areas of the right hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of cortical thinning in children exposed to prenatal maternal depression is similar to patterns in depressed patients and in individuals with risk for depression. Exposure to prenatal depression coupled with subsequent cortical thinning was associated with presence of externalizing behavior in preadolescent children and may be prodromal markers of risk for dysphoria. Vulnerability to prenatal influences at 25 gestational weeks may result from the enormous growth and dramatic structural changes in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt A Sandman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California.
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California; Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Charité Centrum für Human-und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Head
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California; Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
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Murphy MLM, Slavich GM, Rohleder N, Miller GE. Targeted Rejection Triggers Differential Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Adolescents as a Function of Social Status. Clin Psychol Sci 2013; 1:30-40. [PMID: 23638342 DOI: 10.1177/2167702612455743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social difficulties during adolescence influence life-span health. To elucidate underlying mechanisms, we examined whether a noxious social event, targeted rejection (TR), influences the signaling pathways that regulate inflammation, which is implicated in a number of health problems. For this study, 147 adolescent women at risk for developing a first episode of major depression were interviewed every 6 months for 2.5 years to assess recent TR exposure, and blood was drawn to quantify leukocyte messenger RNA (mRNA) for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and inhibitor of κB (I-κB) and the inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Participants had more NF-κB and I-κB mRNA at visits when TR had occurred. These shifts in inflammatory signaling were most pronounced for adolescents high in perceived social status. These findings demonstrate that social rejection upregulates inflammatory gene expression in youth at risk for depression, particularly for those high in status. If sustained, this heightened inflammatory signaling could have implications for life-span health.
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