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Ceccanti M, Libonati L, Moret F, D'Andrea E, Gori MC, Bersani FS, Inghilleri M, Cambieri C. Emotion recognition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a dynamic environment. J Neurol Sci 2024; 460:123019. [PMID: 38640582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.123019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to measure the ability of ALS patients to process dynamic facial expressions as compared to a control group of healthy subjects and to correlate this ability in ALS patients with neuropsychological, clinical and neurological measures of the disease. METHODS Sixty-three ALS patients and 47 healthy controls were recruited. All the ALS patients also underwent i) the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT) in which ten actors express 14 types of dynamic emotions in brief video clips with audio, ii) the Edimburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS) test; iii) the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R) and iv) the Medical Research Council (MRC) for the evaluation of muscle strength. All the healthy subjects enrolled in the study underwent the GERT. RESULTS The recognition of irritation and pleasure was significantly different between ALS patients and the control group. The amusement, despair, irritation, joy, sadness and surprise had been falsely recognized differently between the two groups. Specific ALS cognitive impairment was associated with bulbar-onset phenotype (OR = 14,3889; 95%CI = 3,96-52,16). No association was observed between false emotion recognition and cognitive impairment (F(1,60)=,56,971, p=,45,333). The number of categorical errors was significantly higher in the ALS patients than in the control group (27,66 ± 7,28 vs 17,72 ± 5,29; t = 8723; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ALS patients show deficits in the dynamic processing of a wide range of emotions. These deficits are not necessarily associated with a decline in higher cognitive functions: this could therefore lead to an underestimation of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ceccanti
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Libonati
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Moret
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo D'Andrea
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gori
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Inghilleri
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Chiara Cambieri
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Caspar EA, Pech GP. Obedience to authority reduces cognitive conflict before an action. Soc Neurosci 2024; 19:94-105. [PMID: 38975965 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2024.2376049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
How obeying orders impacts moral decision-making remains an open question, despite its significant societal implications. The goal of this study was to determine if cognitive conflict, indexed by mid-frontal theta activity observed before an action, is influenced by the context of obedience. Participants came in pairs and were assigned roles as either agent or victim. Those in the agent role could either decide freely or follow the experimenter's instructions to administer (or refrain from administering) a mildly painful electric shock to the victim in exchange for a small monetary reward. Mid-frontal theta activity was recorded before the agent made their keypress. Results indicated that mid-frontal theta activity was reduced when participants obeyed the experimenter's orders compared to when they acted of their own volition, even though the outcomes of the actions were similar. This finding suggests that obeying orders diminishes cognitive conflict preceding moral decisions that could harm another person. This study sheds light on a potential mechanism explaining how obedience can blurr morality and lessen our natural aversion to harming others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie A Caspar
- Moral & Social Brain Lab, Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guillaume P Pech
- Center for Research in Cognition and Neuroscience, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Nicolaisen-Sobesky E, Paz V, Cervantes-Constantino F, Fernández-Theoduloz G, Pérez A, Martínez-Montes E, Kessel D, Cabana Á, Gradin VB. Event-related potentials during the ultimatum game in people with symptoms of depression and/or social anxiety. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14319. [PMID: 37118970 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Depression and social anxiety are common disorders that have a profound impact on social functioning. The need for studying the neural substrates of social interactions in mental disorders using interactive tasks has been emphasized. The field of neuroeconomics, which combines neuroscience techniques and behavioral economics multiplayer tasks such as the Ultimatum Game (UG), can contribute in this direction. We assessed emotions, behavior, and Event-Related Potentials in participants with depression and/or social anxiety symptoms (MD/SA, n = 63, 57 females) and healthy controls (n = 72, 67 females), while they played the UG. In this task, participants received fair, mid-value, and unfair offers from other players. Mixed linear models were implemented to assess trial level changes in neural activity. The MD/SA group reported higher levels of sadness in response to mid-value and unfair offers compared to controls. In controls, the Medial Frontal Negativity associated with fair offers increased over time, while this dynamic was not observed in the MD/SA group. The MD/SA group showed a decreased P3/LPP in all offers, compared to controls. These results indicate an enhanced negative emotional response to unfairness in the MD/SA group. Neural results reveal a blunted response over time to positive social stimuli in the MD/SA group. Moreover, between-group differences in P3/LPP may relate to a reduced saliency of offers and/or to a reduced availability of resources for processing incoming stimuli in the MD/SA group. Findings may shed light into the neural substrates of social difficulties in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Nicolaisen-Sobesky
- Center for Basic Research in Psychology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Valentina Paz
- Center for Basic Research in Psychology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto de Fundamentos y Métodos en Psicología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto de Psicología Clínica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Gabriela Fernández-Theoduloz
- Center for Basic Research in Psychology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto de Psicología Clínica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alfonso Pérez
- Center for Basic Research in Psychology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Dominique Kessel
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Cabana
- Center for Basic Research in Psychology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto de Fundamentos y Métodos en Psicología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victoria B Gradin
- Center for Basic Research in Psychology, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto de Fundamentos y Métodos en Psicología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Bao C, Hu X, Zhang D, Lv Z, Chen J. Predicting Moral Elevation Conveyed in Danmaku Comments Using EEGs. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2023; 4:0028. [PMID: 37351325 PMCID: PMC10284275 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Moral elevation, the emotion that arises when individuals observe others' moral behaviors, plays an important role in determining moral behaviors in real life. While recent research has demonstrated the potential to decode basic emotions with brain signals, there has been limited exploration of affective computing for moral elevation, an emotion related to social cognition. To address this gap, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) signals from 23 participants while they viewed videos that were expected to elicit moral elevation. More than 30,000 danmaku comments were extracted as a crowdsourcing tagging method to label moral elevation continuously at a 1-s temporal resolution. Then, by employing power spectra features and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularized regression analyses, we achieved a promising prediction performance for moral elevation (prediction r = 0.44 ± 0.11). Our findings indicate that it is possible to decode moral elevation using EEG signals. Moreover, the small-sample neural data can predict the continuous moral elevation experience conveyed in danmaku comments from a large population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Bao
- Department of Electronic Engineering,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- School of Computer Science and Technology,
Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences,
Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Abrutyn S. Toward a sociological theory of social pain. JOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jtsb.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seth Abrutyn
- University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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6
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Uriarte-Gaspari L, Acuña A, Morales S, Fernández-Theoduloz G, Paz V, Pérez A, Cabana Á, Gradin V. Who do I want in my team: Social avoidance of high qualified partners in depression and social anxiety. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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7
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Paz LV, Viola TW, Milanesi BB, Sulzbach JH, Mestriner RG, Wieck A, Xavier LL. Contagious Depression: Automatic Mimicry and the Mirror Neuron System - A Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 134:104509. [PMID: 34968526 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Contagious depression is a theory proposing that depression can be induced or triggered by our social environment. This theory is based on emotional contagion, the idea that affective states can be transferred during social interaction, since humans can use emotional contagion to communicate feelings and emotions in conscious and unconscious ways. This review presents behavioral, physiological, and neuroanatomical aspects of two essential contagious depression mechanisms, automatic mimicry and the mirror neuron system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiê Valéria Paz
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, prédio 11, sala 926, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Bueno Milanesi
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Henz Sulzbach
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Wieck
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
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8
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Chien YL, Chen YC, Chiu YN, Tsai WC, Gau SSF. A translational exploration of the effects of WNT2 variants on altered cortical structures in autism spectrum disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E647-E658. [PMID: 34862305 PMCID: PMC8648347 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.210022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that cortical anatomy may be aytpical in autism spectrum disorder. The wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 2 (WNT2), a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder, may regulate cortical development. However, it is unclear whether WNT2 variants are associated with altered cortical thickness in autism spectrum disorder. METHODS In a sample of 118 people with autism spectrum disorder and 122 typically developing controls, we investigated cortical thickness using FreeSurfer software. We then examined the main effects of the WNT2 variants and the interactions of group × SNP and age × SNP for each hemisphere and brain region that was altered in people with autism spectrum disorder. RESULTS Compared to neurotypical controls, people with autism spectrum disorder showed reduced mean cortical thickness in both hemispheres and 9 cortical regions after false discovery rate correction, including the right cingulate gyrus, the orbital gyrus, the insula, the inferior frontal gyrus (orbital part and triangular part), the lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, the posterior transverse collateral sulcus, the lateral sulcus and the superior temporal sulcus. In the full sample, 2 SNPs of WNT2 (rs6950765 and rs2896218) showed age × SNP interactions for the mean cortical thickness of both hemispheres, the middle-posterior cingulate cortex and the superior temporal cortex. LIMITATIONS We examined the genetic effect for each hemisphere and the 9 regions that were altered in autism spectrum disorder. The age effect we found in this cross-sectional study needs to be examined in longitudinal studies. CONCLUSION Based on neuroimaging and genetic data, our findings suggest that WNT2 variants might be associated with altered cortical thickness in autism spectrum disorder. Whether and how these WNT2 variants might involve cortical thinning requires further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT01582256. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION National Institutes of Health no. NCT00494754.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- From the Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (Chien, Chen, Chiu, Tsai, Gau); and the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan (Chen, Gau)
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9
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Imagery of negative interpersonal experiences influence the neural mechanisms of social interaction. Neuropsychologia 2021; 160:107923. [PMID: 34175371 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Negative interpersonal experiences are a key contributor to psychiatric disorders. While previous research has shown that negative interpersonal experiences influence social cognition, less is known about the effects on participation in social interactions and the underlying neurobiology. To address this, we developed a new naturalistic version of a gaze-contingent paradigm using real video sequences of gaze behaviour that respond to the participants' gaze in real-time in order to create a believable and continuous interactive social situation. Additionally, participants listened to two autobiographical audio-scripts that guided them to imagine a recent stressful and a relaxing situation and performed the gaze-based social interaction task before and after the presentation of either the stressful or the relaxing audio-script. Our results demonstrate that the social interaction task robustly recruits brain areas with known involvement in social cognition, namely the medial prefrontal cortex, bilateral temporoparietal junction, superior temporal sulcus as well as the precuneus. Imagery of negative interpersonal experiences compared to relaxing imagery led to a prolonged change in affective state and to increased brain responses during the subsequent social interaction paradigm in the temporoparietal junction, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and inferior frontal gyrus. Taken together this study presents a new naturalistic social interaction paradigm suitable to study the neural mechanisms of social interaction and the results demonstrate that the imagery of negative interpersonal experiences affects social interaction on neural levels.
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10
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Family Minds: A randomized controlled trial of a group intervention to improve foster parents' reflective functioning. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1177-1191. [PMID: 33583462 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942000214x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Family Minds is a brief group psychoeducational parenting intervention designed to increase the reflective functioning (RF) and mentalization skills of foster parents. RF is important for foster parents who have to build relationships with children whose adverse experiences increase their risk for psychosocial challenges. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) for Family Minds was conducted in Texas with 89 foster parents. The main aims of this study were to examine whether the intervention could significantly increase the RF/mentalization skills of the foster parents and decrease their parenting stress. After 6 weeks, compared with the control group, intervention foster parents improved their RF via a lowering of pre-mentalizing and also significantly decreased parenting stress related to parent-child dysfunctional interactions. Other measures of RF and parenting stress showed no significant differences between groups. Foster child behavior was not significantly different between groups, although data at 6 months showed a possible lowering of internalizing symptoms for children of intervention parents. This RCT provides some encouraging evidence that Family Minds may increase RF in foster parents, improve parental sensitivity and their ability to emotionally regulate, decrease parenting stress related to challenging interactions with their foster children, and possibly decrease children's internalizing behavior.
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11
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Nestor MS, Fischer D, Arnold D. "Masking" our emotions: Botulinum toxin, facial expression, and well-being in the age of COVID-19. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2154-2160. [PMID: 32592268 PMCID: PMC7361553 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The globally devastating effects of COVID-19 breach not only the realm of public health, but of psychosocial interaction and communication as well, particularly with the advent of mask-wearing. METHODS A review of the literature and understanding of facial anatomy and expressions as well as the effect of botulinum toxin on emotions and nonverbal communication. RESULTS Today, the mask has become a semi-permanent accessory to the face, blocking our ability to express and perceive each other's facial expressions by dividing it into a visible top half and invisible bottom half. This significantly restricts our ability to accurately interpret emotions based on facial expressions and strengthens our perceptions of negative emotions produced by frowning. The addition of botulinum toxin (BTX)-induced facial muscle paralysis to target the muscles of the top (visible) half of the face, especially the corrugator and procerus muscles, may act as a therapeutic solution by its suppression of glabellar lines and our ability to frown. The treatment of the glabella complex not only has been shown to inhibit the negative emotions of the treated individual but also can reduce the negative emotions in those who come in contact with the treated individual. CONCLUSIONS Mask-wearing in the wake of COVID-19 brings new challenges to our ability to communicate and perceive emotion through full facial expression, our most effective and universally shared form of communication, and BTX may offer a positive solution to decrease negative emotions and promote well-being for both the mask-wearer and all who come in contact with that individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Nestor
- Center for Clinical and Cosmetic ResearchAventuraFLUSA
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous SurgeryUniversity of MiamiMiller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
- Department of SurgeryDivision of Plastic SurgeryUniversity of MiamiMiller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | | | - David Arnold
- Center for Clinical and Cosmetic ResearchAventuraFLUSA
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12
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Guilty by association: How group-based (collective) guilt arises in the brain. Neuroimage 2020; 209:116488. [PMID: 31884056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
People do not only feel guilty for transgressions that they are causally responsible for (i.e., personal guilt); they also feel guilty for transgressions committed by those they identify as in-group members (i.e., collective or group-based guilt). Decades of research using scenario-based imagination tasks and self-reported measures has shown that when reminded of transgressions committed by in-group members, people express guilt and are willing to make amends, even when they are not causally responsible for the transgressions. However, it remains elusive whether people genuinely experience guilt or simply display remorseful gestures deemed appropriate in those contexts. To resolve this puzzle, it is critical to closely examine the neurocognitive basis of group-based guilt and its relationship with personal guilt, a goal that self-reported measures alone cannot satisfactorily achieve. Here, we combined functional MRI with an interaction-based minimal group paradigm in which participants either directly caused harm to a group of victims (i.e., personal guilt), or observed in-group members cause harm to the victims (i.e., group-based guilt). In three experiments (N = 90), we demonstrated and replicated that the perceived responsibility one shared with in-group members in transgression predicted both behavioral and neural manifestations of group-based guilt. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) of the functional MRI data showed that group-based guilt recruited patterns of neural responses in anterior middle cingulate cortex that resembled personal guilt. These results have broadened our understanding of how group membership is integrated into the neurocognitive processes underlying social emotions.
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Paulus FM, Müller-Pinzler L, Stolz DS, Mayer AV, Rademacher L, Krach S. Laugh or cringe? Common and distinct processes of reward-based schadenfreude and empathy-based fremdscham. Neuropsychologia 2018; 116:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractHumans are highly social animals who critically need to remember information from social episodes in order to successfully navigate future social interactions. We propose that such episodic memories about social encounters are processed during sleep, following the learning experience, with sleep abstracting and consolidating social gist knowledge (e.g., beliefs, first impressions, or stereotypes) about others that supports relationships and interpersonal communication.
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Gilam G, Hendler T. With love, from me to you: Embedding social interactions in affective neuroscience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:590-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Buades-Rotger M, Serfling G, Harbeck B, Brabant G, Krämer UM. Prednisolone increases neural reactivity to negative socio-emotional stimuli in healthy young men. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1176-89. [PMID: 27178366 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous glucocorticoids are known to trigger affective changes, but these are highly variable across individuals. A better understanding of how synthetic glucocorticoids impact the processing of negative emotions in the human brain might help to predict such changes. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we sought to uncover the slow effects of a synthetic glucocorticoid infusion on the neural response to socio-emotional scenes using a within-participant, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. In two separate sessions, 20 young males were given either an intravenous prednisolone dose (250mg) or placebo in a cross-over, randomized order. Four hours later, they were scanned while viewing drawings of persons in a neutral or negative emotional situation. On the next morning participants provided a blood sample for serum cortisol measurement, which served as a manipulation check. Prednisolone strongly suppressed morning cortisol, and heightened brain reactivity to emotional stimuli in left amygdala, left caudate head, right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area, and right somatosensory cortex. Amygdala reactivity was related to lower self-reported fatigue and higher irritability in the prednisolone condition. Moreover, prednisolone blunted inferior frontal and amygdala connectivity with other regions of the emotion-processing neural circuitry. Our results suggest specific brain pathways through which exogenous glucocorticoids may labilize affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macià Buades-Rotger
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Serfling
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Birgit Harbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Brabant
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrike M Krämer
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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