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Thakur V, Baghmare P, Verma A, Verma JS, Geed SR. Recent progress in microbial biosurfactants production strategies: Applications, technological bottlenecks, and future outlook. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 408:131211. [PMID: 39102966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds produced by numerous microorganisms. They have gained significant attention due to their wide applications in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture, and environmental remediation. The production efficiency and yield of microbial biosurfactants have improved significantly through the development and optimization of different process parameters. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of recent trends and developments in microbial biosurfactant production strategies, including submerged, solid-state, and co-culture fermentation. Additionally, review discusses biosurfactants' applications, challenges, and future perspectives. It highlights their advantages over chemical surfactants, emphasizing their biodegradability, low toxicity, and diverse chemical structures. However, the critical challenges in commercializing include high production costs and low yield. Strategies like genetic engineering, process optimization, and downstream processing, have been employed to address these challenges. The review provides insights into current commercial producers and highlights future perspectives such as novel bioprocesses, efficient microbial strains, and exploring their applications in emerging industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Thakur
- School of Biotechnology, RGPV Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462033, India; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Pawan Baghmare
- School of Biotechnology, RGPV Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462033, India; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Jitendra Singh Verma
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
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Gil CV, Rebocho AT, Esmail A, Sevrin C, Grandfils C, Torres CAV, Reis MAM, Freitas F. Characterization of the Thermostable Biosurfactant Produced by Burkholderia thailandensis DSM 13276. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102088. [PMID: 35631971 PMCID: PMC9143496 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants synthesized by microorganisms represent safe and sustainable alternatives to the use of synthetic surfactants, due to their lower toxicity, better biodegradability and biocompatibility, and their production from low-cost feedstocks. In line with this, the present study describes the physical, chemical, and functional characterization of the biopolymer secreted by the bacterium Burkholderia thailandensis DSM 13276, envisaging its validation as a biosurfactant. The biopolymer was found to be a glycolipopeptide with carbohydrate and protein contents of 33.1 ± 6.4% and 23.0 ± 3.2%, respectively. Galactose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, and glucuronic acid were detected in the carbohydrate moiety at a relative molar ratio of 4:3:2:2:1. It is a high-molecular-weight biopolymer (1.0 × 107 Da) with low polydispersity (1.66), and forms aqueous solutions with shear-thinning behavior, which remained after autoclaving. The biopolymer has demonstrated a good emulsion-stabilizing capacity towards different hydrophobic compounds, namely, benzene, almond oil, and sunflower oil. The emulsions prepared with the biosurfactant, as well as with its autoclaved solution, displayed high emulsification activity (>90% and ~50%, respectively). Moreover, the almond and sunflower oil emulsions stabilized with the biosurfactant were stable for up to 4 weeks, which further supports the potential of this novel biopolymer for utilization as a natural bioemulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia V. Gil
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Rebocho
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Asiyah Esmail
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Chantal Sevrin
- Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Grandfils
- Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Cristiana A. V. Torres
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-212948300
| | - Maria A. M. Reis
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal; (C.V.G.); (A.T.R.); (A.E.); (M.A.M.R.); (F.F.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829–516 Caparica, Portugal
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Dobler L, Ferraz HC, Araujo de Castilho LV, Sangenito LS, Pasqualino IP, Souza Dos Santos AL, Neves BC, Oliveira RR, Guimarães Freire DM, Almeida RV. Environmentally friendly rhamnolipid production for petroleum remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126349. [PMID: 32443257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants have potential applications in the remediation of petroleum-contaminated sites. Several strategies can be used to reduce the production costs of these surfactants and make the process more environmentally friendly. In this study, we combined some of these strategies to produce the rhamnolipid-type biosurfactant, including the use of the genetically modified strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa-estA, an industrial coproduct as a carbon source, a simple and low-cost medium, and a simple downstream process. The process resulted in a high yield (17.6 g L-1), even using crude glycerin as the carbon source, with substrate in product conversion factor (YRML/s) of 0.444. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) was not toxic to Artemia salina and selected mammalian cell lineages, suggesting that it can be used directly in the environment without further purification steps. Qualitative analysis showed that CFS has excellent dispersion in the oil-displacement test, emulsifying (IE24 = 65.5%), and tensoactive properties. When salinity, temperature and pressure were set to seawater conditions, the values for interfacial tension between crude oil and water were below 1.0 mN m-1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a nontoxic crude rhamnolipid product, with high productivity, to replace petroleum-based surfactants in oil spill cleanups and other environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Dobler
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Helen Conceição Ferraz
- Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós Graduação e Pesquisa, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Vieira Araujo de Castilho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós Graduação e Pesquisa, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Stefano Sangenito
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilson Paranhos Pasqualino
- Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós Graduação e Pesquisa, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Luis Souza Dos Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Cruz Neves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tripathi L, Twigg MS, Zompra A, Salek K, Irorere VU, Gutierrez T, Spyroulias GA, Marchant R, Banat IM. Biosynthesis of rhamnolipid by a Marinobacter species expands the paradigm of biosurfactant synthesis to a new genus of the marine microflora. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:164. [PMID: 31597569 PMCID: PMC6785906 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In comparison to synthetically derived surfactants, biosurfactants produced from microbial culture are generally regarded by industry as being more sustainable and possess lower toxicity. One major class of biosurfactants are rhamnolipids primarily produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to its pathogenicity rhamnolipid synthesis by this species is viewed as being commercially nonviable, as such there is a significant focus to identify alternative producers of rhamnolipids. RESULTS To achieve this, we phenotypically screened marine bacteria for biosurfactant production resulting in the identification of rhamnolipid biosynthesis in a species belonging to the Marinobacter genus. Preliminary screening showed the strain to reduce surface tension of cell-free supernatant to 31.0 mN m-1. A full-factorial design was carried out to assess the effects of pH and sea salt concentration for optimising biosurfactant production. When cultured in optimised media Marinobacter sp. MCTG107b produced 740 ± 28.3 mg L-1 of biosurfactant after 96 h of growth. Characterisation of this biosurfactant using both HPLC-MS and tandem MS showed it to be a mixture of different rhamnolipids, with di-rhamnolipid, Rha-Rha-C10-C10 being the most predominant congener. The strain exhibited no pathogenicity when tested using the Galleria mellonella infection model. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the paradigm of rhamnolipid biosynthesis to a new genus of bacterium from the marine environment. Rhamnolipids produced from Marinobacter have prospects for industrial application due to their potential to be synthesised from cheap, renewable feed stocks and significantly reduced pathogenicity compared to P. aeruginosa strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Tripathi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT521SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Matthew S Twigg
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT521SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Karina Salek
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Victor U Irorere
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT521SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | | | - Roger Marchant
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT521SA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ibrahim M Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT521SA, Northern Ireland, UK
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Irorere VU, Tripathi L, Marchant R, McClean S, Banat IM. Microbial rhamnolipid production: a critical re-evaluation of published data and suggested future publication criteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3941-3951. [PMID: 28386631 PMCID: PMC5403872 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High production cost and potential pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, commonly used for rhamnolipid synthesis, have led to extensive research for safer producing strains and cost-effective production methods. This has resulted in numerous research publications claiming new non-pathogenic producing strains and novel production techniques many of which are unfortunately without proper characterisation of product and/or producing strain/s. Genes responsible for rhamnolipid production have only been confirmed in P. aeruginosa, Burkholderia thailandensis and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Comparing yields in different publications is also generally unreliable especially when different methodologies were used for rhamnolipid quantification. After reviewing the literature in this area, we strongly feel that numerous research outputs have insufficient evidence to support claims of rhamnolipid-producing strains and/or yields. We therefore recommend that standards should be set for reporting new rhamnolipid-producing strains and production yields. These should include (1) molecular and bioinformatic tools to fully characterise new microbial isolates and confirm the presence of the rhamnolipid rhl genes for all bacterial strains, (2) using gravimetric methods to quantify crude yields and (3) use of a calibrated method (high-performance liquid chromatography or ultra-performance liquid chromatography) for absolute quantitative yield determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor U. Irorere
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA UK
| | - Lakshmi Tripathi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA UK
| | - Roger Marchant
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA UK
| | - Stephen McClean
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA UK
| | - Ibrahim M. Banat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA UK
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Mnif I, Ghribi D. Glycolipid biosurfactants: main properties and potential applications in agriculture and food industry. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:4310-4320. [PMID: 27098847 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycolipids, consisting of a carbohydrate moiety linked to fatty acids, are microbial surface active compounds produced by various microorganisms. They are characterized by high structural diversity and have the ability to decrease the surface and interfacial tension at the surface and interface, respectively. Rhamnolipids, trehalolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids and cellobiose lipids are among the most popular glycolipids. They have received much practical attention as biopesticides for controlling plant diseases and protecting stored products. As a result of their antifungal activity towards phytopathogenic fungi and larvicidal and mosquitocidal potencies, glycolipid biosurfactants permit the preservation of plants and plant crops from pest invasion. Also, as a result of their emulsifying and antibacterial activities, glycolipids have great potential as food additives and food preservatives. Furthermore, the valorization of food byproducts via the production of glycolipid biosurfactant has received much attention because it permits the bioconversion of byproducts on valuable compounds and decreases the cost of production. Generally, the use of glycolipids in many fields requires their retention from fermentation media. Accordingly, different strategies have been developed to extract and purify glycolipids. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Mnif
- Unit Enzymes and Bioconversion, National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dhouha Ghribi
- Unit Enzymes and Bioconversion, National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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