1
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Xiang D, Xu K, Chen M, Zhang Z, Sun N, Qi Y, Lu J, Wang C, Yang S. A rare homozygous mutation in the YARS2 gene presents with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis and anemia in a Chinese infant. Gene 2024; 914:148379. [PMID: 38490507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kangkang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhongman Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ningning Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yuying Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
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2
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Aneli S, Ceccatelli Berti C, Gilea AI, Birolo G, Mutti G, Pavesi A, Baruffini E, Goffrini P, Capelli C. Functional characterization of archaic-specific variants in mitonuclear genes: insights from comparative analysis in S. cerevisiae. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1152-1163. [PMID: 38558123 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neanderthal and Denisovan hybridisation with modern humans has generated a non-random genomic distribution of introgressed regions, the result of drift and selection dynamics. Cross-species genomic incompatibility and more efficient removal of slightly deleterious archaic variants have been proposed as selection-based processes involved in the post-hybridisation purge of archaic introgressed regions. Both scenarios require the presence of functionally different alleles across Homo species onto which selection operated differently according to which populations hosted them, but only a few of these variants have been pinpointed so far. In order to identify functionally divergent archaic variants removed in humans, we focused on mitonuclear genes, which are underrepresented in the genomic landscape of archaic humans. We searched for non-synonymous, fixed, archaic-derived variants present in mitonuclear genes, rare or absent in human populations. We then compared the functional impact of archaic and human variants in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Notably, a variant within the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (YARS2) gene exhibited a significant decrease in respiratory activity and a substantial reduction of Cox2 levels, a proxy for mitochondrial protein biosynthesis, coupled with the accumulation of the YARS2 protein precursor and a lower amount of mature enzyme. Our work suggests that this variant is associated with mitochondrial functionality impairment, thus contributing to the purging of archaic introgression in YARS2. While different molecular mechanisms may have impacted other mitonuclear genes, our approach can be extended to the functional screening of mitonuclear genetic variants present across species and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Aneli
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, C.so Galileo Galilei 22, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Camilla Ceccatelli Berti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Alexandru Ionut Gilea
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Santena 5, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mutti
- Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC-CNS), Department of Life Sciences, Plaça Eusebi Güell, 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Department of Mechanisms of Disease, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Angelo Pavesi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Enrico Baruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Cristian Capelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, Parma 43124, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United Kingdom
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3
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Shi D, Wang B, Li H, Lian Y, Ma Q, Liu T, Cao M, Ma Y, Shi L, Yuan W, Shi J, Chu Y. Pseudouridine synthase 1 regulates erythropoiesis via transfer RNAs pseudouridylation and cytoplasmic translation. iScience 2024; 27:109265. [PMID: 38450158 PMCID: PMC10915626 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudouridylation plays a regulatory role in various physiological and pathological processes. A prime example is the mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia syndrome (MLASA), characterized by defective pseudouridylation resulting from genetic mutations in pseudouridine synthase 1 (PUS1). However, the roles and mechanisms of pseudouridylation in normal erythropoiesis and MLASA-related anemia remain elusive. We established a mouse model carrying a point mutation (R110W) in the enzymatic domain of PUS1, mimicking the common mutation in human MLASA. Pus1-mutant mice exhibited anemia at 4 weeks old. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was also observed in mutant erythroblasts. Mechanistically, mutant erythroblasts showed defective pseudouridylation of targeted tRNAs, altered tRNA profiles, decreased translation efficiency of ribosomal protein genes, and reduced globin synthesis, culminating in ineffective erythropoiesis. Our study thus provided direct evidence that pseudouridylation participates in erythropoiesis in vivo. We demonstrated the critical role of pseudouridylation in regulating tRNA homeostasis, cytoplasmic translation, and erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Bichen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yu Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Qiuyi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Mutian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yuanwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Yajing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
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4
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Saettini F, Guerra F, Fazio G, Bugarin C, McMillan HJ, Ohtake A, Ardissone A, Itoh M, Giglio S, Cappuccio G, Giardino G, Romano R, Quadri M, Gasperini S, Moratto D, Chiarini M, Akira I, Fukuhara Y, Hayakawa I, Okazaki Y, Mauri M, Piazza R, Cazzaniga G, Biondi A. Antibody Deficiency in Patients with Biallelic KARS1 Mutations. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:2115-2125. [PMID: 37770806 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic KARS1 mutations cause KARS-related diseases, a rare syndromic condition encompassing central and peripheral nervous system impairment, heart and liver disease, and deafness. KARS1 encodes the t-RNA synthase of lysine, an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, involved in different physiological mechanisms (such as angiogenesis, post-translational modifications, translation initiation, autophagy and mitochondrial function). Although patients with immune-hematological abnormalities have been individually described, results have not been collectively discussed and functional studies investigating how KARS1 mutations affect B cells have not been performed. Here, we describe one patient with severe developmental delay, sensoneurinal deafness, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections. Pathogenic biallelic KARS1 variants (Phe291Val/ Pro499Leu) were associated with impaired B cell metabolism (decreased mitochondrial numbers and activity). All published cases of KARS-related diseases were identified. The corresponding authors and researchers involved in the diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity or genetic syndromes were contacted to obtain up-to-date clinical and immunological information. Seventeen patients with KARS-related diseases were identified. Recurrent/severe infections (9/17) and B cell abnormalities (either B cell lymphopenia [3/9], hypogammaglobulinemia [either IgG, IgA or IgM; 6/15] or impaired vaccine responses [4/7]) were frequently reported. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy was given in five patients. Full immunological assessment is warranted in these patients, who may require detailed investigation and specific supportive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saettini
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
| | - Fabiola Guerra
- Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Bugarin
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Hugh J McMillan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Akira Ohtake
- Department of Clinical Genomics & Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Anna Ardissone
- Child Neurology, "Fondazione IRCCS IstitutoNeurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Sabrina Giglio
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Current address: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel Quadri
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniele Moratto
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical ChemistryLaboratory, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiarini
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical ChemistryLaboratory, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ishiguro Akira
- Center for Postgraduate Education and Training, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Hematology, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fukuhara
- Division of Medical Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Hayakawa
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), Tokyo, Japan
- Diagnostics and Therapeutic of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario Mauri
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianni Cazzaniga
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Centro Tettamanti, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Two Novel Variants in YARS2 Gene Are Responsible for an Extended MLASA Phenotype with Pancreatic Insufficiency. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163471. [PMID: 34441767 PMCID: PMC8397107 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase gene (YARS2) were associated with myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia (MLASA). However, patients can present mitochondrial myopathy, with exercise intolerance and muscle weakness, leading from mild to lethal phenotypes. Genes implicated in mtDNA replication were studied by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and whole exome sequence with the TruSeq Rapid Exome kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Mitochondrial protein translation was studied following the Sasarman and Shoubridge protocol and oxygen consumption rates with Agilent Seahorse XF24 Analyzer Mitostress Test, (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). We report two siblings with two novel compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in YARS2 gene: a single nucleotide deletion in exon 1, c.314delG (p.(Gly105Alafs*4)), which creates a premature stop codon in the amino acid 109, and a single nucleotide change in exon 5 c.1391T>C (p.(Ile464Thr)), that cause a missense variant in amino acid 464. We demonstrate the pathogenicity of these new variants associated with reduced YARS2 mRNA transcript, reduced mitochondrial protein translation and dysfunctional organelle function. These pathogenic variants are responsible for late onset MLASA, herein accompanied by pancreatic insufficiency, observed in both brothers, clinically considered as Pearson's syndrome. Molecular study of YARS2 gene should be considered in patients presenting Pearson's syndrome characteristics and MLASA related phenotypes.
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Figuccia S, Degiorgi A, Ceccatelli Berti C, Baruffini E, Dallabona C, Goffrini P. Mitochondrial Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase and Disease: The Yeast Contribution for Functional Analysis of Novel Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094524. [PMID: 33926074 PMCID: PMC8123711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In most eukaryotes, mitochondrial protein synthesis is essential for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) as some subunits of the respiratory chain complexes are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mutations affecting the mitochondrial translation apparatus have been identified as a major cause of mitochondrial diseases. These mutations include either heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations in genes encoding for the mitochondrial rRNA (mtrRNA) and tRNAs (mttRNAs) or mutations in nuclear genes encoding ribosomal proteins, initiation, elongation and termination factors, tRNA-modifying enzymes, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mtARSs). Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the attachment of specific amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. Differently from most mttRNAs, which are encoded by mitochondrial genome, mtARSs are encoded by nuclear genes and then imported into the mitochondria after translation in the cytosol. Due to the extensive use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), an increasing number of mtARSs variants associated with large clinical heterogeneity have been identified in recent years. Being most of these variants private or sporadic, it is crucial to assess their causative role in the disease by functional analysis in model systems. This review will focus on the contributions of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the functional validation of mutations found in mtARSs genes associated with human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Dallabona
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (P.G.); Tel.: +39-0521-905600 (C.D.); +39-0521-905107 (P.G.)
| | - Paola Goffrini
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (P.G.); Tel.: +39-0521-905600 (C.D.); +39-0521-905107 (P.G.)
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Ceccatelli Berti C, di Punzio G, Dallabona C, Baruffini E, Goffrini P, Lodi T, Donnini C. The Power of Yeast in Modelling Human Nuclear Mutations Associated with Mitochondrial Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:300. [PMID: 33672627 PMCID: PMC7924180 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing application of next generation sequencing approaches to the analysis of human exome and whole genome data has enabled the identification of novel variants and new genes involved in mitochondrial diseases. The ability of surviving in the absence of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial genome makes the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae an excellent model system for investigating the role of these new variants in mitochondrial-related conditions and dissecting the molecular mechanisms associated with these diseases. The aim of this review was to highlight the main advantages offered by this model for the study of mitochondrial diseases, from the validation and characterisation of novel mutations to the dissection of the role played by genes in mitochondrial functionality and the discovery of potential therapeutic molecules. The review also provides a summary of the main contributions to the understanding of mitochondrial diseases emerged from the study of this simple eukaryotic organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (C.C.B.); (G.d.P.); (C.D.); (E.B.); (P.G.); (T.L.)
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8
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González-Serrano LE, Chihade JW, Sissler M. When a common biological role does not imply common disease outcomes: Disparate pathology linked to human mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5309-5320. [PMID: 30647134 PMCID: PMC6462531 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev118.002953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) are essential components of the mitochondrial translation machinery. The correlation of mitochondrial disorders with mutations in these enzymes has raised the interest of the scientific community over the past several years. Most surprising has been the wide-ranging presentation of clinical manifestations in patients with mt-aaRS mutations, despite the enzymes' common biochemical role. Even among cases where a common physiological system is affected, phenotypes, severity, and age of onset varies depending on which mt-aaRS is mutated. Here, we review work done thus far and propose a categorization of diseases based on tissue specificity that highlights emerging patterns. We further discuss multiple in vitro and in cellulo efforts to characterize the behavior of WT and mutant mt-aaRSs that have shaped hypotheses about the molecular causes of these pathologies. Much remains to do in order to complete our understanding of these proteins. We expect that futher work is likely to result in the discovery of new roles for the mt-aaRSs in addition to their fundamental function in mitochondrial translation, informing the development of treatment strategies and diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Elena González-Serrano
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France and
| | - Joseph W Chihade
- the Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057
| | - Marie Sissler
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67000 Strasbourg, France and
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9
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Kuo ME, Theil AF, Kievit A, Malicdan MC, Introne WJ, Christian T, Verheijen FW, Smith DEC, Mendes MI, Hussaarts-Odijk L, van der Meijden E, van Slegtenhorst M, Wilke M, Vermeulen W, Raams A, Groden C, Shimada S, Meyer-Schuman R, Hou YM, Gahl WA, Antonellis A, Salomons GS, Mancini GMS. Cysteinyl-tRNA Synthetase Mutations Cause a Multi-System, Recessive Disease That Includes Microcephaly, Developmental Delay, and Brittle Hair and Nails. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:520-529. [PMID: 30824121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are essential enzymes responsible for charging tRNA molecules with cognate amino acids. Consistent with the essential function and ubiquitous expression of ARSs, mutations in 32 of the 37 ARS-encoding loci cause severe, early-onset recessive phenotypes. Previous genetic and functional data suggest a loss-of-function mechanism; however, our understanding of the allelic and locus heterogeneity of ARS-related disease is incomplete. Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) encodes the enzyme that charges tRNACys with cysteine in the cytoplasm. To date, CARS variants have not been implicated in any human disease phenotype. Here, we report on four subjects from three families with complex syndromes that include microcephaly, developmental delay, and brittle hair and nails. Each affected person carries bi-allelic CARS variants: one individual is compound heterozygous for c.1138C>T (p.Gln380∗) and c.1022G>A (p.Arg341His), two related individuals are compound heterozygous for c.1076C>T (p.Ser359Leu) and c.1199T>A (p.Leu400Gln), and one individual is homozygous for c.2061dup (p.Ser688Glnfs∗2). Measurement of protein abundance, yeast complementation assays, and assessments of tRNA charging indicate that each CARS variant causes a loss-of-function effect. Compared to subjects with previously reported ARS-related diseases, individuals with bi-allelic CARS variants are unique in presenting with a brittle-hair-and-nail phenotype, which most likely reflects the high cysteine content in human keratins. In sum, our efforts implicate CARS variants in human inherited disease, expand the locus and clinical heterogeneity of ARS-related clinical phenotypes, and further support impaired tRNA charging as the primary mechanism of recessive ARS-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Kuo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arjan F Theil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke Kievit
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - May Christine Malicdan
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wendy J Introne
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Christian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biochemistry, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Frans W Verheijen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Desiree E C Smith
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marisa I Mendes
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lidia Hussaarts-Odijk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric van der Meijden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Raams
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine Groden
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shino Shimada
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca Meyer-Schuman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ya Ming Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biochemistry, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program and Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Gajja S Salomons
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center and Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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10
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Williams KB, Brigatti KW, Puffenberger EG, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Griffin LB, Martinez ED, Wenger OK, Yoder MA, Kandula VVR, Fox MD, Demczko MM, Poskitt L, Furuya KN, Reid JG, Overton JD, Baras A, Miles L, Radhakrishnan K, Carson VJ, Antonellis A, Jinks RN, Strauss KA. Homozygosity for a mutation affecting the catalytic domain of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS) causes multisystem disease. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:525-538. [PMID: 30304524 PMCID: PMC6360277 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are critical for protein translation. Pathogenic variants of ARSs have been previously associated with peripheral neuropathy and multisystem disease in heterozygotes and homozygotes, respectively. We report seven related children homozygous for a novel mutation in tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS, c.499C > A, p.Pro167Thr) identified by whole exome sequencing. This variant lies within a highly conserved interface required for protein homodimerization, an essential step in YARS catalytic function. Affected children expressed a more severe phenotype than previously reported, including poor growth, developmental delay, brain dysmyelination, sensorineural hearing loss, nystagmus, progressive cholestatic liver disease, pancreatic insufficiency, hypoglycemia, anemia, intermittent proteinuria, recurrent bloodstream infections and chronic pulmonary disease. Related adults heterozygous for YARS p.Pro167Thr showed no evidence of peripheral neuropathy on electromyography, in contrast to previous reports for other YARS variants. Analysis of YARS p.Pro167Thr in yeast complementation assays revealed a loss-of-function, hypomorphic allele that significantly impaired growth. Recombinant YARS p.Pro167Thr demonstrated normal subcellular localization, but greatly diminished ability to homodimerize in human embryonic kidney cells. This work adds to a rapidly growing body of research emphasizing the importance of ARSs in multisystem disease and significantly expands the allelic and clinical heterogeneity of YARS-associated human disease. A deeper understanding of the role of YARS in human disease may inspire innovative therapies and improve care of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laurie B Griffin
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erick D Martinez
- Department of Biology, Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
| | - Olivia K Wenger
- New Leaf Center, Mount Eaton, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Mark A Yoder
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Vinay V R Kandula
- Department of Medical Imaging, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Michael D Fox
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew M Demczko
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Poskitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katryn N Furuya
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Reid
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John D Overton
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Lili Miles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando FL, USA
| | - Kadakkal Radhakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Anthony Antonellis
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert N Jinks
- Department of Biology, Biological Foundations of Behavior Program, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
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11
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Riley LG, Heeney MM, Rudinger-Thirion J, Frugier M, Campagna DR, Zhou R, Hale GA, Hilliard LM, Kaplan JA, Kwiatkowski JL, Sieff CA, Steensma DP, Rennings AJ, Simons A, Schaap N, Roodenburg RJ, Kleefstra T, Arenillas L, Fita-Torró J, Ahmed R, Abboud M, Bechara E, Farah R, Tamminga RYJ, Bottomley SS, Sanchez M, Huls G, Swinkels DW, Christodoulou J, Fleming MD. The phenotypic spectrum of germline YARS2 variants: from isolated sideroblastic anemia to mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia 2. Haematologica 2018; 103:2008-2015. [PMID: 30026338 PMCID: PMC6269294 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.182659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
YARS2 variants have previously been described in patients with myopathy, lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia 2 (MLASA2). YARS2 encodes the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, which is responsible for conjugating tyrosine to its cognate mt-tRNA for mitochondrial protein synthesis. Here we describe 14 individuals from 11 families presenting with sideroblastic anemia and YARS2 variants that we identified using a sideroblastic anemia gene panel or exome sequencing. The phenotype of these patients ranged from MLASA to isolated congenital sideroblastic anemia. As in previous cases, inter- and intra-familial phenotypic variability was observed, however, this report includes the first cases with isolated sideroblastic anemia and patients with biallelic YARS2 variants that have no clinically ascertainable phenotype. We identified ten novel YARS2 variants and three previously reported variants. In vitro amino-acylation assays of five novel missense variants showed that three had less effect on the catalytic activity of YARS2 than the most commonly reported variant, p.(Phe52Leu), associated with MLASA2, which may explain the milder phenotypes in patients with these variants. However, the other two missense variants had a more severe effect on YARS2 catalytic efficiency. Several patients carried the common YARS2 c.572 G>T, p.(Gly191Val) variant (minor allele frequency =0.1259) in trans with a rare deleterious YARS2 variant. We have previously shown that the p.(Gly191Val) variant reduces YARS2 catalytic activity. Consequently, we suggest that biallelic YARS2 variants, including severe loss-of-function alleles in trans of the common p.(Gly191Val) variant, should be considered as a cause of isolated congenital sideroblastic anemia, as well as the MLASA syndromic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Riley
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew M Heeney
- Dana Farber-Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joëlle Rudinger-Thirion
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Magali Frugier
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dean R Campagna
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronghao Zhou
- Dana Farber-Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A Hale
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Lee M Hilliard
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Janet L Kwiatkowski
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Hematology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin A Sieff
- Dana Farber-Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Steensma
- Adult Leukemia Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alexander J Rennings
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Annet Simons
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Schaap
- Department of Hematology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard J Roodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonor Arenillas
- Laboratorio Citología Hematológica, Servicio Patología, GRETNHE, IMIM Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Fita-Torró
- Iron metabolism: regulation and disease group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Carretera de Can Ruti, Cami de les Escoles, Badalona, Spain
| | - Rasha Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Miguel Abboud
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Bechara
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roula Farah
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rienk Y J Tamminga
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvia S Bottomley
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mayka Sanchez
- Iron metabolism: regulation and disease group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Campus Can Ruti, Carretera de Can Ruti, Cami de les Escoles, Badalona, Spain.,Programme of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Badalona, Spain.,BloodGenetics, S.L., Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - John Christodoulou
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Kids Research Institute, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia .,Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.,Neurodevelopmental Genomics Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark D Fleming
- Dana Farber-Boston Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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12
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Smith F, Hopton S, Dallabona C, Gilberti M, Falkous G, Norwood F, Donnini C, Gorman GS, Clark B, Taylor RW, Kulasekararaj AG. Sideroblastic anemia with myopathy secondary to novel, pathogenic missense variants in the YARS2 gene. Haematologica 2018; 103:e564-e566. [PMID: 29976739 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.194464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Smith
- Molecular Pathology, Viapath at King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sila Hopton
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Micol Gilberti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Gavin Falkous
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona Norwood
- Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Gráinne S Gorman
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barnaby Clark
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK.,Molecular Haematology, King's College London, UK
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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13
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Ardissone A, Tonduti D, Legati A, Lamantea E, Barone R, Dorboz I, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Nebbia G, Maggioni M, Garavaglia B, Moroni I, Farina L, Pichiecchio A, Orcesi S, Chiapparini L, Ghezzi D. KARS-related diseases: progressive leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord calcifications as new phenotype and a review of literature. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:45. [PMID: 29615062 PMCID: PMC5883414 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KARS encodes lysyl- transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase, which catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA-Lys in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Eleven families/sporadic patients and 16 different mutations in KARS have been reported to date. The associated clinical phenotype is heterogeneous ranging from early onset encephalopathy to isolated peripheral neuropathy or nonsyndromic hearing impairment. Recently additional presentations including leukoencephalopathy as predominant cerebral involvement or cardiomyopathy, isolated or associated with muscular and cerebral involvement, have been reported. A progressive Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord calcifications was previously described in a singleton patient and in two siblings, without the identification of the genetic cause. We reported here about a new severe phenotype associated with biallelic KARS mutations and sharing some common points with the other already reported phenotypes, but with a distinct clinical and neuroimaging picture. Review of KARS mutant patients published to date will be also discussed. Results Herein, we report the clinical, biochemical and molecular findings of 2 unreported Italian patients affected by developmental delay, acquired microcephaly, spastic tetraparesis, epilepsy, sensory-neural hypoacusia, visual impairment, microcytic hypochromic anaemia and signs of hepatic dysfunction. MRI pattern in our patients was characterized by progressive diffuse leukoencephalopathy and calcifications extending in cerebral, brainstem and cerebellar white matter, with spinal cord involvement. Genetic analysis performed on these 2 patients and in one subject previously described with similar MRI pattern revealed the presence of biallelic mutations in KARS in all 3 subjects. Conclusions With our report we define the molecular basis of the previously described Leukoencephalopathy with Brainstem and Spinal cord Calcification widening the spectrum of KARS related disorders, particularly in childhood onset disease suggestive for mitochondrial impairment. The review of previous cases does not suggest a strict and univocal genotype/phenotype correlation for this highly heterogeneous entity. Moreover, our cases confirm the usefulness of search for common brain and spine MR imaging pattern and of broad genetic screening, in syndromes clinically resembling mitochondrial disorders in spite of normal biochemical assay. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0788-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ardissone
- Child Neurology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine DIMET, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Child Neurology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Legati
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Imen Dorboz
- INSERM UMR 1141, DHU PROTECT, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France, Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- INSERM UMR 1141, DHU PROTECT, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France, Paris 06, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Diseases, National Reference Center for Leukodystrophies, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Nebbia
- Service of Paediatric Hepatology, Department of Paediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Maggioni
- Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Child Neurology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Via Celoria 11, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Farina
- Neuroradiology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Neuroradiology, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "C. Besta", Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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14
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Meyer-Schuman R, Antonellis A. Emerging mechanisms of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase mutations in recessive and dominant human disease. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R114-R127. [PMID: 28633377 PMCID: PMC5886470 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are responsible for charging amino acids to cognate tRNA molecules, which is the essential first step of protein translation. Interestingly, mutations in genes encoding ARS enzymes have been implicated in a broad spectrum of human inherited diseases. Bi-allelic mutations in ARSs typically cause severe, early-onset, recessive diseases that affect a wide range of tissues. The vast majority of these mutations show loss-of-function effects and impair protein translation. However, it is not clear how a subset cause tissue-specific phenotypes. In contrast, dominant ARS-mediated diseases specifically affect the peripheral nervous system-most commonly causing axonal peripheral neuropathy-and usually manifest later in life. These neuropathies are linked to heterozygosity for missense mutations in five ARS genes, which points to a shared mechanism of disease. However, it is not clear if a loss-of-function mechanism or a toxic gain-of-function mechanism is responsible for ARS-mediated neuropathy, or if a combination of these mechanisms operate on a mutation-specific basis. Here, we review our current understanding of recessive and dominant ARS-mediated disease. We also propose future directions for defining the molecular mechanisms of ARS mutations toward designing therapies for affected patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Meyer-Schuman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anthony Antonellis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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15
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Sommerville EW, Ng YS, Alston CL, Dallabona C, Gilberti M, He L, Knowles C, Chin SL, Schaefer AM, Falkous G, Murdoch D, Longman C, de Visser M, Bindoff LA, Rawles JM, Dean JCS, Petty RK, Farrugia ME, Haack TB, Prokisch H, McFarland R, Turnbull DM, Donnini C, Taylor RW, Gorman GS. Clinical Features, Molecular Heterogeneity, and Prognostic Implications in YARS2-Related Mitochondrial Myopathy. JAMA Neurol 2017; 74:686-694. [PMID: 28395030 PMCID: PMC5822212 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Importance YARS2 mutations have been associated with a clinical triad of myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia in predominantly Middle Eastern populations. However, the identification of new patients expands the clinical and molecular spectrum of mitochondrial disorders. Objectives To review the clinical, molecular, and genetic features of YARS2-related mitochondrial disease and to demonstrate a new Scottish founder variant. Design, Setting, and Participants An observational case series study was conducted at a national diagnostic center for mitochondrial disease in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, and review of cases published in the literature. Six adults in a well-defined mitochondrial disease cohort and 11 additional cases described in the literature were identified with YARS2 variants between January 1, 2000, and January 31, 2015. Main Outcome and Measures The spectrum of clinical features and disease progression in unreported and reported patients with pathogenic YARS2 variants. Results Seventeen patients (median [interquartile range] age at onset, 1.5 [9.8] years) with YARS2-related mitochondrial myopathy were identified. Fifteen individuals (88%) exhibited an elevated blood lactate level accompanied by generalized myopathy; only 12 patients (71%) manifested with sideroblastic anemia. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (9 [53%]) and respiratory insufficiency (8 [47%]) were also prominent clinical features. Central nervous system involvement was rare. Muscle studies showed global cytochrome-c oxidase deficiency in all patients tested and severe, combined respiratory chain complex activity deficiencies. Microsatellite genotyping demonstrated a common founder effect shared between 3 Scottish patients with a p.Leu392Ser variant. Immunoblotting from fibroblasts and myoblasts of an affected Scottish patient showed normal YARS2 protein levels and mild respiratory chain complex defects. Yeast modeling of novel missense YARS2 variants closely correlated with the severity of clinical phenotypes. Conclusions and Relevance The p.Leu392Ser variant is likely a newly identified founder YARS2 mutation. Testing for pathogenic YARS2 variants should be considered in patients presenting with mitochondrial myopathy, characterized by exercise intolerance and muscle weakness even in the absence of sideroblastic anemia irrespective of ethnicity. Regular surveillance and early treatment for cardiomyopathy and respiratory muscle weakness is advocated because early treatment may mitigate the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this genetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewen W. Sommerville
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Charlotte L. Alston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | | | - Micol Gilberti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Langping He
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Charlotte Knowles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Sophie L. Chin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Andrew M. Schaefer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Gavin Falkous
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - David Murdoch
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Cheryl Longman
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurence A. Bindoff
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - John M. Rawles
- Department of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland (retired)
| | - John C. S. Dean
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Richard K. Petty
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Maria E. Farrugia
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Douglass M. Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Claudia Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Gráinne S. Gorman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
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16
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Mutations in methionyl-tRNA synthetase gene in a Chinese family with interstitial lung and liver disease, postnatal growth failure and anemia. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:647-651. [PMID: 28148924 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MARS) catalyzes the ligation of methionine to tRNA. Heterozygous MARS mutations have been reported to cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2U (CMT2U). Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in MARS gene would cause interstitial lung and liver disease (ILLD), a severe disease onset in infancy or early childhood. Here we report a Chinese ILLD family with two affected boys diagnosed by exome sequencing. They carry novel compound heterozygous MARS mutations (p.Asp145Asn and p.Phe802Ser). Their phenotype is concordant with ILLD description. As ILLD patients were only reported by two studies, we summarized all the reported patients and characterized the principle clinical features as interstitial lung disease, developmental delay, postnatal growth failure, non-life-threatening liver dysfunction and anemia. Genotype-phenotype correlation analysis suggests most of the ILLD mutations locate in the catalytic domain of MARS. ILLD and CMT2U might have different disease mechanism.
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17
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Legati A, Reyes A, Nasca A, Invernizzi F, Lamantea E, Tiranti V, Garavaglia B, Lamperti C, Ardissone A, Moroni I, Robinson A, Ghezzi D, Zeviani M. New genes and pathomechanisms in mitochondrial disorders unraveled by NGS technologies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1326-1335. [PMID: 26968897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies are revolutionizing the diagnostic screening for rare disease entities, including primary mitochondrial disorders, particularly those caused by nuclear gene defects. NGS approaches are able to identify the causative gene defects in small families and even single individuals, unsuitable for investigation by traditional linkage analysis. These technologies are contributing to fill the gap between mitochondrial disease cases defined on the basis of clinical, neuroimaging and biochemical readouts, which still outnumber by approximately 50% the cases for which a molecular-genetic diagnosis is attained. We have been using a combined, two-step strategy, based on targeted genes panel as a first NGS screening, followed by whole exome sequencing (WES) in still unsolved cases, to analyze a large cohort of subjects, that failed to show mutations in mtDNA and in ad hoc sets of specific nuclear genes, sequenced by the Sanger's method. Not only this approach has allowed us to reach molecular diagnosis in a significant fraction (20%) of these difficult cases, but it has also revealed unexpected and conceptually new findings. These include the possibility of marked variable penetrance of recessive mutations, the identification of large-scale DNA rearrangements, which explain spuriously heterozygous cases, and the association of mutations in known genes with unusual, previously unreported clinical phenotypes. Importantly, WES on selected cases has unraveled the presence of pathogenic mutations in genes encoding non-mitochondrial proteins (e.g. the transcription factor E4F1), an observation that further expands the intricate genetics of mitochondrial disease and suggests a new area of investigation in mitochondrial medicine. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Legati
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Aurelio Reyes
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Alessia Nasca
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Invernizzi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Garavaglia
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Costanza Lamperti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ardissone
- Unit of Child Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Moroni
- Unit of Child Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alan Robinson
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Cao M, Donà M, Valentino ML, Valentino L, Semplicini C, Maresca A, Cassina M, Torraco A, Galletta E, Manfioli V, Sorarù G, Carelli V, Stramare R, Bertini E, Carrozzo R, Salviati L, Pegoraro E. Clinical and molecular study in a long-surviving patient with MLASA syndrome due to novel PUS1 mutations. Neurogenetics 2015; 17:65-70. [PMID: 26556812 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-015-0465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myopathy-lactic acidosis-sideroblastic anemia (MLASA) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease. We studied a 43-year-old female presenting since childhood with mild cognitive impairment and sideroblastic anemia. She later developed hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy, and insulin-dependent diabetes. Muscle weakness appeared in adolescence and, at age 43, she was unable to walk. Two novel different mutations in the PUS1 gene were identified: c.487delA (p.I163Lfs*4) and c.884 G>A (p.R295Q). Quantitative analysis of DNA from skeletal muscle biopsies showed a significant increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in the patient compared to controls. Clinical and molecular findings of this patient widen the genotype-phenotype spectrum in MLASA syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Donà
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M Lucia Valentino
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Valentino
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Maresca
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassina
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Torraco
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Children's Research Hospital "Bambino Gesù", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Galletta
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Stramare
- Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Children's Research Hospital "Bambino Gesù", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Carrozzo
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Children's Research Hospital "Bambino Gesù", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 5, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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