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Rizzello F, Saracino IM, Gionchetti P, Valerii MC, Ricci C, Imbesi V, Filippone E, Bellocchio I, Dussias NK, Dervieux T, Spisni E. Nutritional Biomarkers for the Prediction of Response to Anti-TNF-α Therapy in Crohn's Disease: New Tools for New Approaches. Nutrients 2024; 16:280. [PMID: 38257172 PMCID: PMC10818399 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic disorder of the digestive tract characterized by an uncontrolled immune-mediated inflammatory response in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to environmental risk factors. Although diet has been identified as one of the major environmental risk factors, the role of nutrients in the clinical management of CD patients has not yet been fully investigated. In this prospective observational study, fifty-four patients diagnosed with active Crohn's disease and undergoing anti-TNF-α biological therapy were enrolled and subjected to nutrient intake analysis through a daily food diary. Their nutrient intake and blood values were analyzed before and after 6 months of biological therapy. After 6 months of anti-TNF-α, four patients dropped out of the study, leaving 29 patients in clinical remission and 21 still with active disease that remained the same. The aim of this study was to identify nutrients whose intake or blood values may be associated with patients' responses to biological therapy. In the diet, patients remaining with active CD showed very similar nutrient dietary intake compared to patients achieving remission except for a trend for lower starting zinc intake, below the reference value. In the blood, instead, patients who did not respond to biological therapy showed significantly lower plasma values of iron and taurine before starting biological anti-TNF-α treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rizzello
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.R.); (P.G.); (V.I.); (E.F.); (N.K.D.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Maria Saracino
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paolo Gionchetti
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.R.); (P.G.); (V.I.); (E.F.); (N.K.D.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Valerii
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Chiara Ricci
- Gastroenterology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato 15, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Veronica Imbesi
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.R.); (P.G.); (V.I.); (E.F.); (N.K.D.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Filippone
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.R.); (P.G.); (V.I.); (E.F.); (N.K.D.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Bellocchio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Nikolas Konstantine Dussias
- IBD Unit, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.R.); (P.G.); (V.I.); (E.F.); (N.K.D.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical and Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Thierry Dervieux
- Prometheus Laboratories, 9410 Carroll Park Dr., San Diego, CA 92121, USA;
| | - Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Dr. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (E.S.)
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Cui C, Song H, Han Y, Yu H, Li H, Yang Y, Zhang B. Gut microbiota-associated taurine metabolism dysregulation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. mSphere 2023; 8:e0043123. [PMID: 37819112 PMCID: PMC10732050 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00431-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE PD is recognized as a multisystem disease concerning GI dysfunction and microbiota dysbiosis but still lacks ideal therapies. Recently, aberrant microbiota-derived metabolites are emerging as important participants in PD etiology. However, the alterations of gut microbiota community and serum untargeted metabolite profile have not been fully investigated in a PD mice model. Here, we discover sharply reduced levels of Lactobacillus and taurine in MPTP-treated mice. Moreover, Lactobacillus, Adlercreutzia, and taurine-related metabolites showed the most significant correlation with pathological and GI performance of PD mice. The abundances of microbial transporter and enzymes participating in the degeneration of taurine were disturbed in PD mice. Most importantly, taurine supplement ameliorates MPTP-induced motor deficits, DA neuron loss, and microglial activation. Our data highlight the impaired taurine-based microbiome-metabolism axis during the progression of PD and reveal a novel and previously unrecognized role of genera in modulating taurine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Song
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxiang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Liu Q, Chen Y, Xu XW. Genomic insight into strategy, interaction and evolution of nitrifiers in metabolizing key labile-dissolved organic nitrogen in different environmental niches. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1273211. [PMID: 38156017 PMCID: PMC10753782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1273211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) are responsible for nitrification in nature; however, some groups have been reported to utilize labile-dissolved organic nitrogen (LDON) for satisfying nitrogen demands. To understand the universality of their capacity of LDON metabolism, we collected 70 complete genomes of AOA, AOB, NOB, and comammox from typical environments for exploring their potentials in the metabolism of representative LDON (urea, polyamines, cyanate, taurine, glycine betaine, and methylamine). Genomic analyses showed that urea was the most popular LDON used by nitrifiers. Each group harbored unique urea transporter genes (AOA: dur3 and utp, AOB: utp, and NOB and comammox: urtABCDE and utp) accompanied by urease genes ureABC. The differentiation in the substrate affinity of these transporters implied the divergence of urea utilization efficiency in nitrifiers, potentially driving them into different niches. The cyanate transporter (cynABD and focA/nirC) and degradation (cynS) genes were detected mostly in NOB, indicating their preference for a wide range of nitrogen substrates to satisfy high nitrogen demands. The lack of genes involved in the metabolism of polyamines, taurine, glycine betaine, and methylamines in most of nitrifiers suggested that they were not able to serve as a source of ammonium, only if they were degraded or oxidized extracellularly as previously reported. The phylogenetic analyses assisted with comparisons of GC% and the Codon Adaptation Index between target genes and whole genomes of nitrifiers implied that urea metabolic genes dur3 and ureC in AOA evolved independently from bacteria during the transition from Thaumarchaeota to AOA, while utp in terrestrial AOA was acquired from bacteria via lateral gene transfer (LGT). Cyanate transporter genes cynS and focA/nirC detected only in a terrestrial AOA Candidadus Nitrsosphaera gargensis Ga9.2 could be gained synchronously with Nitrospira of NOB by an ancient LGT. Our results indicated that LDON utilization was a common feature in nitrifiers, but metabolic potentials were different among nitrifiers, possibly being intensely interacted with their niches, survival strategies, and evolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Cheng X, Li X, Tong M, Wu J, Chan LL, Cai Z, Zhou J. Indole-3-acetic acid as a cross-talking molecule in algal-bacterial interactions and a potential driving force in algal bloom formation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236925. [PMID: 37928680 PMCID: PMC10623134 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most signaling molecules are involved in inter-or intra-species communication, and signaling involving cross-kingdom cell-to-cell communication is limited. Howerver, algae and bacteria exchange nutrients and information in a range of interactions in marine environments. Multiple signaling molecules exist between algae and bacteria, including quorum-sensing molecules, nitric oxide, and volatile organic compounds. Recently, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), an auxin hormone that is a well-studied signaling molecule in terrestrial ecosystems, was found to act as a cue in cross-kingdom communication between algae and bacteria in aquatic environments. To increase understanding of the roles of IAA in the phycosphere, the latest evidence regarding the ecological functions of IAA in cross-kingdom communication between algae and bacteria has been compiled in this review. The pathways of IAA biosynthesis, effects of IAA on algal growth & reproduction, and potential mechanisms at phenotypic and molecular levels are summarized. It is proposed that IAA is an important molecule regulating algal-bacterial interactions and acts as an invisible driving force in the formation of algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Cheng
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- The Direction of Deep Sea Resource Exploration and Development Utilization, Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leo Lai Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shenzhen Public Platform for Screening and Application of Marine Microbial Resources, Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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Liu X, Wei Y, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Du Y, Zhang Y. Isethionate is an intermediate in the degradation of sulfoacetate by the human gut pathobiont Bilophila wadsworthia. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105010. [PMID: 37414148 PMCID: PMC10413351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The obligately anaerobic sulfite-reducing bacterium Bilophila wadsworthia is a common human pathobiont inhabiting the distal intestinal tract. It has a unique ability to utilize a diverse range of food- and host-derived sulfonates to generate sulfite as a terminal electron acceptor (TEA) for anaerobic respiration, converting the sulfonate sulfur to H2S, implicated in inflammatory conditions and colon cancer. The biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of the C2 sulfonates isethionate and taurine by B. wadsworthia were recently reported. However, its mechanism for metabolizing sulfoacetate, another prevalent C2 sulfonate, remained unknown. Here, we report bioinformatics investigations and in vitro biochemical assays that uncover the molecular basis for the utilization of sulfoacetate as a source of TEA (STEA) for B. wadsworthia, involving conversion to sulfoacetyl-CoA by an ADP-forming sulfoacetate-CoA ligase (SauCD), and stepwise reduction to isethionate by NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes sulfoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (SauS) and sulfoacetaldehyde reductase (TauF). Isethionate is then cleaved by the O2-sensitive isethionate sulfolyase (IseG), releasing sulfite for dissimilatory reduction to H2S. Sulfoacetate in different environments originates from anthropogenic sources such as detergents, and natural sources such as bacterial metabolism of the highly abundant organosulfonates sulfoquinovose and taurine. Identification of enzymes for anaerobic degradation of this relatively inert and electron-deficient C2 sulfonate provides further insights into sulfur recycling in the anaerobic biosphere, including the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifeng Wei
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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Moeller FU, Herbold CW, Schintlmeister A, Mooshammer M, Motti C, Glasl B, Kitzinger K, Behnam F, Watzka M, Schweder T, Albertsen M, Richter A, Webster NS, Wagner M. Taurine as a key intermediate for host-symbiont interaction in the tropical sponge Ianthella basta. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1208-1223. [PMID: 37188915 PMCID: PMC10356861 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine sponges are critical components of marine benthic fauna assemblages, where their filter-feeding and reef-building capabilities provide bentho-pelagic coupling and crucial habitat. As potentially the oldest representation of a metazoan-microbe symbiosis, they also harbor dense, diverse, and species-specific communities of microbes, which are increasingly recognized for their contributions to dissolved organic matter (DOM) processing. Recent omics-based studies of marine sponge microbiomes have proposed numerous pathways of dissolved metabolite exchange between the host and symbionts within the context of the surrounding environment, but few studies have sought to experimentally interrogate these pathways. By using a combination of metaproteogenomics and laboratory incubations coupled with isotope-based functional assays, we showed that the dominant gammaproteobacterial symbiont, 'Candidatus Taurinisymbion ianthellae', residing in the marine sponge, Ianthella basta, expresses a pathway for the import and dissimilation of taurine, a ubiquitously occurring sulfonate metabolite in marine sponges. 'Candidatus Taurinisymbion ianthellae' incorporates taurine-derived carbon and nitrogen while, at the same time, oxidizing the dissimilated sulfite into sulfate for export. Furthermore, we found that taurine-derived ammonia is exported by the symbiont for immediate oxidation by the dominant ammonia-oxidizing thaumarchaeal symbiont, 'Candidatus Nitrosospongia ianthellae'. Metaproteogenomic analyses also suggest that 'Candidatus Taurinisymbion ianthellae' imports DMSP and possesses both pathways for DMSP demethylation and cleavage, enabling it to use this compound as a carbon and sulfur source for biomass, as well as for energy conservation. These results highlight the important role of biogenic sulfur compounds in the interplay between Ianthella basta and its microbial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian U Moeller
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Craig W Herbold
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arno Schintlmeister
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Large-Instrument Facility for Environmental and Isotope Mass Spectrometry, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Mooshammer
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cherie Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Bettina Glasl
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Kitzinger
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Faris Behnam
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Watzka
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS, Australia
| | - Michael Wagner
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Large-Instrument Facility for Environmental and Isotope Mass Spectrometry, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Liu Y, Hu J, Li MM, Zhao G. Effects of taurine on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, rumen bacterial community and metabolomics and nitrogen metabolism in beef steers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3414-3426. [PMID: 36710505 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of taurine on rumen fermentation, rumen bacterial community and metabolomics, nitrogen metabolism and plasma biochemical parameters in beef steers. Six castrated Simmental steers (liveweight 402 ± 34 kg) and three levels of taurine (0, 20, 40 g d-1 ) were assigned in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Each experimental period included 15 days for adaptation and 5 days for sampling. RESULTS Supplementing taurine did not affect the ruminal pH or concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids (P > 0.10), but linearly increased the ruminal concentrations of taurine (P < 0.001) and microbial crude protein (P = 0.041). Supplementing taurine linearly increased the neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P = 0.018), and tended to linearly increase dry matter digestibility (P = 0.095), tended to increase the fecal nitrogen excretion (P = 0.065) and increased the urinary taurine excretion (P < 0.001). Supplementing taurine quadratically increased the plasma concentration of triglycerides (P = 0.017), tended to linearly decrease growth hormone (P = 0.074), but did not affect other plasma parameters (P > 0.10). Supplementing taurine modified the rumen bacterial community and increased the ruminal concentration of taurine metabolite 2-hydroxyethoxysulfonic acid (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION It was concluded that taurine improved ruminal microbial crude protein synthesis and increased fiber digestibility through modifying rumen bacterial community. It is necessary to clarify the ruminal hydrolysis of taurine in steers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Meng M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guangyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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Nguyen VH, Wemheuer B, Song W, Bennett H, Palladino G, Burgsdorf I, Sizikov S, Steindler L, Webster NS, Thomas T. Functional characterization and taxonomic classification of novel gammaproteobacterial diversity in sponges. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126401. [PMID: 36774720 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sponges harbour exceptionally diverse microbial communities, whose members are largely uncultured. The class Gammaproteobacteria often dominates the microbial communities of various sponge species, but most of its diversity remains functional and taxonomically uncharacterised. Here we reconstructed and characterised 32 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) derived from three sponge species. These MAGs represent ten novel species and belong to seven orders, of which one is new. We propose nomenclature for all these taxa. These new species comprise sponge-specific bacteria with varying levels of host specificity. Functional gene profiling highlights significant differences in metabolic capabilities across the ten species, though each also often exhibited a large degree of metabolic diversity involving various nitrogen- and sulfur-based compounds. The genomic features of the ten species suggest they have evolved to form symbiotic interaction with their hosts or are well-adapted to survive within the sponge environment. These Gammaproteobacteria are proposed to scavenge substrates from the host environment, including metabolites or cellular components of the sponge. Their diverse metabolic capabilities may allow for efficient cycling of organic matter in the sponge environment, potentially to the benefit of the host and other symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hung Nguyen
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Weizhi Song
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Bennett
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Giorgia Palladino
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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9
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Qian W, Li M, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhai Q. Effects of Taurine on Gut Microbiota Homeostasis: An Evaluation Based on Two Models of Gut Dysbiosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041048. [PMID: 37189666 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine, an abundant free amino acid, plays multiple roles in the body, including bile acid conjugation, osmoregulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation prevention. Although the relationship between taurine and the gut has been briefly described, the effects of taurine on the reconstitution of intestinal flora homeostasis under conditions of gut dysbiosis and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined the effects of taurine on the intestinal flora and homeostasis of healthy mice and mice with dysbiosis caused by antibiotic treatment and pathogenic bacterial infections. The results showed that taurine supplementation could significantly regulate intestinal microflora, alter fecal bile acid composition, reverse the decrease in Lactobacillus abundance, boost intestinal immunity in response to antibiotic exposure, resist colonization by Citrobacter rodentium, and enhance the diversity of flora during infection. Our results indicate that taurine has the potential to shape the gut microbiota of mice and positively affect the restoration of intestinal homeostasis. Thus, taurine can be utilized as a targeted regulator to re-establish a normal microenvironment and to treat or prevent gut dysbiosis.
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10
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Mullis MM, Selwyn JD, Kevorkian R, Tague ED, Castro HF, Campagna SR, Lloyd KG, Reese BK. Microbial survival mechanisms within serpentinizing Mariana forearc sediments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:6985003. [PMID: 36631299 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine deep subsurface sediment is often a microbial environment under energy-limited conditions. However, microbial life has been found to persist and even thrive in deep subsurface environments. The Mariana forearc represents an ideal location for determining how microbial life can withstand extreme conditions including pH 10-12.5 and depleted nutrients. The International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 366 to the Mariana Convergent Margin sampled three serpentinizing seamounts located along the Mariana forearc chain with elevated concentrations of methane, hydrogen, and sulfide. Across all three seamount summits, the most abundant transcripts were for cellular maintenance such as cell wall and membrane repair, and the most abundant metabolic pathways were the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle. At flank samples, sulfur cycling involving taurine assimilation dominated the metatranscriptomes. The in situ activity of these pathways was supported by the detection of their metabolic intermediates. All samples had transcripts from all three domains of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, dominated by Burkholderiales, Deinococcales, and Pseudomonales, as well as the fungal group Opisthokonta. All samples contained transcripts for aerobic methane oxidation (pmoABC) and denitrification (nirKS). The Mariana forearc microbial communities show activity not only consistent with basic survival mechanisms, but also coupled metabolic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Mullis
- Life Sciences Department, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States.,Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Jason D Selwyn
- Life Sciences Department, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Richard Kevorkian
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Eric D Tague
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Hector F Castro
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Chemistry Department, UTK Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States.,Chemistry Department, UTK Biological and Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Core, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Karen G Lloyd
- Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Brandi Kiel Reese
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Mobile, AL, United States.,Marine Sciences Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
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11
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Rzeznitzeck J, Hoerr FJ, Rychlik I, Methling K, Lalk M, Rath A, von Altrock A, Rautenschlein S. Morphology, microbiota, and metabolome along the intestinal tract of female turkeys. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102046. [PMID: 36130451 PMCID: PMC9489512 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Rzeznitzeck
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karen Methling
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexandra Rath
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants and Forensic Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra von Altrock
- Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants and Forensic Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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12
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Tan Y, Shan Y, Zheng R, Liu R, Sun C. Characterization of a Deep-Sea Actinobacterium Strain Uncovers Its Prominent Capability of Utilizing Taurine and Polyvinyl Alcohol. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:868728. [PMID: 35677903 PMCID: PMC9169050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.868728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria represent a large group of important prokaryotes with great application potentials and widely distribute in diverse natural environments including the ocean. However, compared to their terrestrial cultured members, there are much less available marine Actinobacteria, especially deep-sea counterparts. Here, we cultured a bacterial strain of deep-sea actinobacterium, Marmoricola sp. TYQ2, by using a basal medium supplemented with taurine. Consistently, the growth of strain TYQ2 was significantly promoted by the supplement of taurine. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expressions of genes encoding proteins associated with taurine metabolization and utilization as well as energy generation were evidently up-regulated when taurine was added. Moreover, strain TYQ2 was demonstrated to degrade polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with the involvement of the redox cycle of extracellular quinol and quinone and the reduction of iron to ferrous, and strain TYQ2 could utilize the degradation products for energy production, thereby supporting bacterial growth. Overall, our experimental results demonstrate the prominent degradation capabilities of Marmoricola sp. TYQ2 toward the organics taurine and PVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Tan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yeqi Shan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rikuan Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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13
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Ying Z, Bao Y, Li Y, Ye G, Zhang S, Xu P, Zhu J, Xie X. Impact of Different Diets on Adult Tri-Spine Horseshoe Crab, Tachypleus tridentatus. JOURNAL OF OCEAN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA : JOUC 2022; 21:541-548. [PMID: 35582546 PMCID: PMC9098379 DOI: 10.1007/s11802-022-5199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Effective culture and management of adult tri-spine horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus can ensure that stock enhancement programs and aquaculture systems are maintained. To explore suitable feed for animals during the breeding season, Pacific oyster (Ostrea gigas) (oyster group; OG) and frozen sharpbelly fish (Hemiculter leucisculus) (frozen fish group; FG) were selected to feed 20 T. tridentatus male and female pairs, respectively. At the end of the experiment, intestinal samples were obtained to measure digestive enzymes activities. The intestinal flora were determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. No eggs were observed in the FG and one T. tridentatus adult died. No animals died in the OG, and 9.7 × 104 eggs were obtained. These results show that oysters are more suitable for the development and reproduction of adult T. tridentatus than frozen fish. Additionally, the digestive enzyme activity analysis revealed that animals in the OG exhibited higher protein digestibility than those in the FG, but no significant differences in lipid and carbohydrate uptake were observed between the groups. Furthermore, the intestinal flora analysis showed that operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the Chao1 index were significantly higher in the OG than in the FG, but no significant difference was observed in the Shannon or Simpson indices between the groups. Our data indicate that the oyster diet improved the intestinal microbial diversity of T. tridentatus. We hypothesize that nutrients, such as oyster-based taurine, proteins, and highly unsaturated fatty acids, improve protease activity in the T. tridentatus digestive tract, alter the intestinal floral structure, and improve the reproductive performance of T. tridentatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Ying
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300 China
- College of Fisheries Science and Life Science of Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458 China
| | - Yuyuan Bao
- Guangdong Ocean Planning Research Center, Guangzhou, 510322 China
| | - Yinkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300 China
- College of Fisheries Science and Life Science of Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Guoling Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300 China
| | - Shuhuan Zhang
- Sturgeon Healthy Breeding and Medicinal Research Center, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011 China
| | - Junhua Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011 China
| | - Xiaoyong Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300 China
- College of Fisheries Science and Life Science of Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458 China
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14
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Use of Corn-Steep Water Effluent as a Promising Substrate for Lactic Acid Production by Enterococcus faecium Strain WH51-1. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various challenges facing the industrial production of bio-based lactic acid (LA) such as cost of raw materials and nitrogen sources, as well as contamination risk by mesophilic and neutrophilic producers, should be overcome for the commercial production. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of corn steep water (CSW) as a raw material for LA production using a newly thermo-alkali-tolerant lactic acid bacterium. The physicochemical characteristics of CSW were investigated. The high carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, essential elements, minerals, and non-protein nitrogenous compounds content confirmed that the CSW is a promising substrate for LA production. Out of 67 bacterial isolates, Enterococcus faecium WH51-1 was selected based on its tolerance to high temperatures and inhibitory compounds (sodium metabisulfate, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, and formic acid). Fermentation factors including sugar concentration, temperature, inoculum size, and neutralizing agents were optimized for LA production. Lactic acid concentration of about 44.6 g/L with a high yield (0.89 ± 0.02 g/g) was obtained using 60 g/L of CSW sugar, inoculum size 10% (v/v), 45 °C, and sodium hydroxide or calcium carbonate as a neutralizing agent. These results demonstrated the potential of strain WH51-1 for LA production using CSW effluent as raw material.
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15
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Walker A, Schmitt-Kopplin P. The role of fecal sulfur metabolome in inflammatory bowel diseases. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151513. [PMID: 34147944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur metabolism and sulfur-containing metabolites play an important role in the human digestive system, and sulfur compounds and pathways are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In fact, cysteine metabolism results in the production of taurine and sulfate, and gut microbes catabolize them into hydrogen sulfide, a signaling molecule with various biological functions. Besides metabolites originating from sulfur metabolism, several other sulfur-containing metabolites of different classes were detected in human feces, consisting of non-volatile and volatile compounds. Sulfated steroids and bile acids such as taurine-conjugated bile acids are the major classes along with sulfur amino acids and sulfur-containing peptides. Indeed, sulfur-containing metabolites were described in stool samples from healthy subjects, patients suffering from colorectal cancer or IBD. In metabolomics-driven studies, around 50 known sulfur-containing metabolites were linked to IBD. Taurine, taurocholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, methionine, methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide were regularly reported in IBD studies, and most of them were elevated in stool samples from IBD patients. We summarized from this review that there is strong interplay between perturbed gut microbiota in IBD, and the consistently higher abundance of sulfur-containing metabolites, which potentially represent substrates for sulfidogenic bacteria such as Bilophila or Escherichia and promote their growth. These bacteria might shift their metabolism towards the degradation of taurine and cysteine and therefore to a higher hydrogen sulfide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Walker
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Sulfonates include diverse natural products and anthropogenic chemicals and are widespread in the environment. Many bacteria can degrade sulfonates and obtain sulfur, carbon, and energy for growth, playing important roles in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle. Cleavage of the inert sulfonate C-S bond involves a variety of enzymes, cofactors, and oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent catalytic mechanisms. Sulfonate degradation by strictly anaerobic bacteria was recently found to involve C-S bond cleavage through O2-sensitive free radical chemistry, catalyzed by glycyl radical enzymes (GREs). The associated discoveries of new enzymes and metabolic pathways for sulfonate metabolism in diverse anaerobic bacteria have enriched our understanding of sulfonate chemistry in the anaerobic biosphere. An anaerobic environment of particular interest is the human gut microbiome, where sulfonate degradation by sulfate- and sulfite-reducing bacteria (SSRB) produces H2S, a process linked to certain chronic diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wei
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138669
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology; and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
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17
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Stacy A, Andrade-Oliveira V, McCulloch JA, Hild B, Oh JH, Perez-Chaparro PJ, Sim CK, Lim AI, Link VM, Enamorado M, Trinchieri G, Segre JA, Rehermann B, Belkaid Y. Infection trains the host for microbiota-enhanced resistance to pathogens. Cell 2021; 184:615-627.e17. [PMID: 33453153 PMCID: PMC8786454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota shields the host against infections in a process known as colonization resistance. How infections themselves shape this fundamental process remains largely unknown. Here, we show that gut microbiota from previously infected hosts display enhanced resistance to infection. This long-term functional remodeling is associated with altered bile acid metabolism leading to the expansion of taxa that utilize the sulfonic acid taurine. Notably, supplying exogenous taurine alone is sufficient to induce this alteration in microbiota function and enhance resistance. Mechanistically, taurine potentiates the microbiota's production of sulfide, an inhibitor of cellular respiration, which is key to host invasion by numerous pathogens. As such, pharmaceutical sequestration of sulfide perturbs the microbiota's composition and promotes pathogen invasion. Together, this work reveals a process by which the host, triggered by infection, can deploy taurine as a nutrient to nourish and train the microbiota, promoting its resistance to subsequent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apollo Stacy
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Postdoctoral Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Vinicius Andrade-Oliveira
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A McCulloch
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benedikt Hild
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ji Hoon Oh
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - P Juliana Perez-Chaparro
- NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Choon K Sim
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ai Ing Lim
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Verena M Link
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michel Enamorado
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia A Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barbara Rehermann
- Immunology Section, Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Host Immunity and Microbiome, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIAID Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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18
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AKGÜL Ö, ATEŞ A, ERMERTCAN Ş. Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Newly Synthesized N,N-Disubstituted Taurinamidobenzenesulfonamide Derivatives. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.834579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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19
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Clifford EL, De Corte D, Amano C, Paliaga P, Ivančić I, Ortiz V, Najdek M, Herndl GJ, Sintes E. Mesozooplankton taurine production and prokaryotic uptake in the northern Adriatic Sea. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2020; 65:2730-2747. [PMID: 33664530 PMCID: PMC7891661 DOI: 10.1002/lno.11544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved free taurine, an important osmolyte in phytoplankton and metazoans, has been shown to be a significant carbon and energy source for prokaryotes in the North Atlantic throughout the water column. However, the extent of the coupling between taurine production and consumption over a seasonal cycle has not been examined yet. We determined taurine production by abundant crustacean zooplankton and its role as a carbon and energy source for several prokaryotic taxa in the northern Adriatic Sea over a seasonal cycle. Taurine concentrations were generally in the low nanomolar range, reaching a maximum of 22 nmol L-1 in fall during a Pseudonitzschia bloom and coinciding with the highest zooplankton taurine release rates. Taurine accounted for up to 5% of the carbon, 11% of the nitrogen, and up to 71% of the sulfur requirements of heterotrophic prokaryotes. Members of the Roseobacter clade, Alteromonas, Thaumarchaeota, and Euryarchaeota exhibited higher cell-specific taurine assimilation rates than SAR11 cells. However, cell-specific taurine and leucine assimilation were highly variable in all taxa, suggesting species and/or ecotype specific utilization patterns of taurine and dissolved free amino acids. Copepods were able to cover the bulk taurine requirements of the prokaryotic communities in fall and winter and partly in the spring-summer period. Overall, our study emphasizes the significance of taurine as a carbon and energy source for the prokaryotic community in the northern Adriatic Sea and the importance of crustacean zooplankton as a significant source of taurine and other organic compounds for the heterotrophic prokaryotic community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele De Corte
- Research and Development Center for Marine BiosciencesJapan Agency for Marine‐Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)YokosukaJapan
| | - Chie Amano
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Paolo Paliaga
- Department of Natural and Health SciencesJuraj Dobrila University of PulaPulaCroatia
| | - Ingrid Ivančić
- Center for Marine ResearchRuđer Bošković InstituteRovinjCroatia
| | - Victor Ortiz
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Mirjana Najdek
- Center for Marine ResearchRuđer Bošković InstituteRovinjCroatia
| | - Gerhard J. Herndl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Marine Microbiology and BiogeochemistryUtrecht UniversityDen BurgThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Sintes
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)Centro Oceanográfico de BalearesPalma de MallorcaSpain
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20
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Frommeyer B, Fiedler AW, Oehler SR, Hanson BT, Loy A, Franchini P, Spiteller D, Schleheck D. Environmental and Intestinal Phylum Firmicutes Bacteria Metabolize the Plant Sugar Sulfoquinovose via a 6-Deoxy-6-sulfofructose Transaldolase Pathway. iScience 2020; 23:101510. [PMID: 32919372 PMCID: PMC7491151 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial degradation of the sugar sulfoquinovose (SQ, 6-deoxy-6-sulfoglucose) produced by plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, is an important component of the biogeochemical carbon and sulfur cycles. Here, we reveal a third biochemical pathway for primary SQ degradation in an aerobic Bacillus aryabhattai strain. An isomerase converts SQ to 6-deoxy-6-sulfofructose (SF). A novel transaldolase enzyme cleaves the SF to 3-sulfolactaldehyde (SLA), while the non-sulfonated C3-(glycerone)-moiety is transferred to an acceptor molecule, glyceraldehyde phosphate (GAP), yielding fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). Intestinal anaerobic bacteria such as Enterococcus gilvus, Clostridium symbiosum, and Eubacterium rectale strains also express transaldolase pathway gene clusters during fermentative growth with SQ. The now three known biochemical strategies for SQ catabolism reflect adaptations to the aerobic or anaerobic lifestyle of the different bacteria. The occurrence of these pathways in intestinal (family) Enterobacteriaceae and (phylum) Firmicutes strains further highlights a potential importance of metabolism of green-diet SQ by gut microbial communities to, ultimately, hydrogen sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Frommeyer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Buck T. Hanson
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Alexander Loy
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Paolo Franchini
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dieter Spiteller
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Schleheck
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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21
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Olson WJ, Martorelli Di Genova B, Gallego-Lopez G, Dawson AR, Stevenson D, Amador-Noguez D, Knoll LJ. Dual metabolomic profiling uncovers Toxoplasma manipulation of the host metabolome and the discovery of a novel parasite metabolic capability. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008432. [PMID: 32255806 PMCID: PMC7164669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is auxotrophic for several key metabolites and must scavenge these from the host. It is unclear how T. gondii manipulates host metabolism to support its overall growth rate and non-essential metabolites. To investigate this question, we measured changes in the joint host-parasite metabolome over a time course of infection. Host and parasite transcriptomes were simultaneously generated to determine potential changes in expression of metabolic enzymes. T. gondii infection changed metabolite abundance in multiple metabolic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis, amino acid synthesis, and nucleotide metabolism. Our analysis indicated that changes in some pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were mirrored by changes in parasite transcription, while changes in others, like the pentose phosphate pathway, were paired with changes in both the host and parasite transcriptomes. Further experiments led to the discovery of a T. gondii enzyme, sedoheptulose bisphosphatase, which funnels carbon from glycolysis into the pentose phosphate pathway through an energetically driven dephosphorylation reaction. This additional route for ribose synthesis appears to resolve the conflict between the T. gondii tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway, which are both NADP+ dependent. Sedoheptulose bisphosphatase represents a novel step in T. gondii central carbon metabolism that allows T. gondii to energetically-drive ribose synthesis without using NADP+. The obligate intracellular parasite T. gondii is commonly found among human populations worldwide and poses severe health risks to fetuses and individuals with AIDS. While some treatments are available they are limited in scope. A possible target for new therapies is T. gondii’s incomplete metabolism, which makes it heavily reliant on its host. In this study, we generated a joint host/parasite metabolome to better understand host manipulation by the parasite and to discover unique aspects of T. gondii metabolism that could serve as the next generation of drug targets. Metabolomic analysis of T. gondii infection over time found broad alterations to host metabolism by the parasite in both energetic and biosynthetic pathways. We discovered a new T. gondii enzyme, sedoheptulose bisphosphatase, which redirects carbon from glycolysis into the pentose phosphate pathway. The wholesale remodeling of host metabolism for optimal parasite growth is also of interest, although the mechanisms behind this host manipulation must be further studied before therapeutic targets can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Olson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Gina Gallego-Lopez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Anthony R. Dawson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI
| | - David Stevenson
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Daniel Amador-Noguez
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI
- * E-mail: (DAN); (LJK)
| | - Laura J. Knoll
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI
- * E-mail: (DAN); (LJK)
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22
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Wu G. Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health. Amino Acids 2020; 52:329-360. [PMID: 32072297 PMCID: PMC7088015 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (a sulfur-containing β-amino acid), creatine (a metabolite of arginine, glycine and methionine), carnosine (a dipeptide; β-alanyl-L-histidine), and 4-hydroxyproline (an imino acid; also often referred to as an amino acid) were discovered in cattle, and the discovery of anserine (a methylated product of carnosine; β-alanyl-1-methyl-L-histidine) also originated with cattle. These five nutrients are highly abundant in beef, and have important physiological roles in anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory reactions, as well as neurological, muscular, retinal, immunological and cardiovascular function. Of particular note, taurine, carnosine, anserine, and creatine are absent from plants, and hydroxyproline is negligible in many plant-source foods. Consumption of 30 g dry beef can fully meet daily physiological needs of the healthy 70-kg adult human for taurine and carnosine, and can also provide large amounts of creatine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline to improve human nutrition and health, including metabolic, retinal, immunological, muscular, cartilage, neurological, and cardiovascular health. The present review provides the public with the much-needed knowledge of nutritionally and physiologically significant amino acids, dipeptides and creatine in animal-source foods (including beef). Dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline are beneficial for preventing and treating obesity, cardiovascular dysfunction, and ageing-related disorders, as well as inhibiting tumorigenesis, improving skin and bone health, ameliorating neurological abnormalities, and promoting well being in infants, children and adults. Furthermore, these nutrients may promote the immunological defense of humans against infections by bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses (including coronavirus) through enhancing the metabolism and functions of monocytes, macrophages, and other cells of the immune system. Red meat (including beef) is a functional food for optimizing human growth, development and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA.
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23
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A gene cluster for taurine sulfur assimilation in an anaerobic human gut bacterium. Biochem J 2019; 476:2271-2279. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAminoethylsulfonate (taurine) is widespread in the environment and highly abundant in the human body. Taurine and other aliphatic sulfonates serve as sulfur sources for diverse aerobic bacteria, which carry out cleavage of the inert sulfonate C–S bond through various O2-dependent mechanisms. Taurine also serves as a sulfur source for certain strict anaerobic fermenting bacteria. However, the mechanism of C–S cleavage by these bacteria has long been a mystery. Here we report the biochemical characterization of an anaerobic pathway for taurine sulfur assimilation in a strain of Clostridium butyricum from the human gut. In this pathway, taurine is first converted to hydroxyethylsulfonate (isethionate), followed by C–S cleavage by the O2-sensitive isethionate sulfo-lyase IseG, recently identified in sulfate- and sulfite-reducing bacteria. Homologs of the enzymes described in this study have a sporadic distribution in diverse strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria, from both the environment and the taurine-rich human gut, and may enable sulfonate sulfur acquisition in certain nutrient limiting conditions.
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24
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Clifford EL, Varela MM, De Corte D, Bode A, Ortiz V, Herndl GJ, Sintes E. Taurine Is a Major Carbon and Energy Source for Marine Prokaryotes in the North Atlantic Ocean off the Iberian Peninsula. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 78:299-312. [PMID: 30666368 PMCID: PMC6647121 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Taurine, an amino acid-like compound, acts as an osmostress protectant in many marine metazoans and algae and is released via various processes into the oceanic dissolved organic matter pool. Taurine transporters are widespread among members of the marine prokaryotic community, tentatively indicating that taurine might be an important substrate for prokaryotes in the ocean. In this study, we determined prokaryotic taurine assimilation and respiration throughout the water column along two transects in the North Atlantic off the Iberian Peninsula. Taurine assimilation efficiency decreased from the epipelagic waters from 55 ± 14% to 27 ± 20% in the bathypelagic layers (means of both transects). Members of the ubiquitous alphaproteobacterial SAR11 clade accounted for a large fraction of cells taking up taurine, especially in surface waters. Archaea (Thaumarchaeota + Euryarchaeota) were also able to take up taurine in the upper water column, but to a lower extent than Bacteria. The contribution of taurine assimilation to the heterotrophic prokaryotic carbon biomass production ranged from 21% in the epipelagic layer to 16% in the bathypelagic layer. Hence, we conclude that dissolved free taurine is a significant carbon and energy source for prokaryotes throughout the oceanic water column being utilized with similar efficiencies as dissolved free amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth L Clifford
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Center of Functional Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marta M Varela
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Apdo 130, 15080, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Daniele De Corte
- Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Natushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Antonio Bode
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Apdo 130, 15080, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Victor Ortiz
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Center of Functional Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Herndl
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Center of Functional Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Sintes
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Center of Functional Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Moll de Ponent s/n, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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25
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A Pathway for Isethionate Dissimilation in Bacillus krulwichiae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00793-19. [PMID: 31126948 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00793-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyethyl sulfonate (isethionate) is widely distributed in the environment as an industrial pollutant and as a product of microbial metabolism. It is used as a substrate for growth by metabolically diverse environmental bacteria. Aerobic pathways for isethionate dissimilation in Gram-negative bacteria involve the cytochrome c-dependent oxidation of isethionate to sulfoacetaldehyde by a membrane-bound flavoenzyme (IseJ), followed by C-S cleavage by the thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent enzyme sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase (Xsc). Here, we report a bioinformatics analysis of Xsc-containing gene clusters in Gram-positive bacteria, which revealed the presence of an alternative isethionate dissimilation pathway involving the NAD+-dependent oxidation of isethionate by a cytosolic metal-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (IseD). We describe the biochemical characterization of recombinant IseD from the haloalkaliphilic environmental bacterium Bacillus krulwichiae AM31DT and demonstrate the growth of this bacterium using isethionate as its sole carbon source, with the excretion of sulfite as a waste product. The IseD-dependent pathway provides the only mechanism for isethionate dissimilation in Gram-positive species to date and suggests a role of the metabolically versatile Bacilli in the mineralization of this ubiquitous organosulfur compound.IMPORTANCE Isethionate of biotic and industrial sources is prevalent. Dissimilation of isethionate under aerobic conditions is thus far only known in Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we report the discovery of a new pathway in Gram-positive Bacillus krulwichiae Isethionate is oxidized by a cytosolic metal-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (which we named IseD), with NAD+ as the electron acceptor, generating sulfoacetaldehyde for subsequent cleavage by Xsc. This work highlights the diversity of organisms and pathways involved in the degradation of this ubiquitous organosulfonate. The new pathway that we discovered may play an important role in organosulfur mineralization and in the sulfur cycle in certain environments.
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26
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Identification and characterization of a new sulfoacetaldehyde reductase from the human gut bacterium Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190715. [PMID: 31123167 PMCID: PMC6616044 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyethylsulfonate (isethionate (Ise)) present in mammalian tissues is thought to be derived from aminoethylsulfonate (taurine), as a byproduct of taurine nitrogen assimilation by certain anaerobic bacteria inhabiting the taurine-rich mammalian gut. In previously studied pathways occurring in environmental bacteria, isethionate is generated by the enzyme sulfoacetaldehyde reductase IsfD, belonging to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family. An unrelated sulfoacetaldehyde reductase SarD, belonging to the metal-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily (M-ADH), was recently discovered in the human gut sulfite-reducing bacterium Bilophila wadsworthia (BwSarD). Here we report the structural and biochemical characterization of a sulfoacetaldehyde reductase from the human gut fermenting bacterium Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense (BkTauF). BkTauF belongs to the M-ADH family, but is distantly related to BwSarD (28% sequence identity). The crystal structures of BkTauF in the apo form and in a binary complex with NAD+ were determined at 1.9 and 3.0 Å resolution, respectively. Mutagenesis studies were carried out to investigate the involvement of active site residues in binding the sulfonate substrate. Our studies demonstrate the presence of sulfoacetaldehyde reductase in Bifidobacteria, with a possible role in isethionate production as a byproduct of taurine nitrogen assimilation.
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27
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Biochemical and structural investigation of taurine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase from Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense. Biochem J 2019; 476:1605-1619. [PMID: 31088892 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Taurine aminotransferases catalyze the first step in taurine catabolism in many taurine-degrading bacteria and play an important role in bacterial taurine metabolism in the mammalian gut. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of a new taurine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase from the human gut bacterium Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense (BkToa). Biochemical assays revealed high specificity of BkToa for 2-oxoglutarate as the amine acceptor. The crystal structure of BkToa in complex with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and glutamate was determined at 2.7 Å resolution. The enzyme forms a homodimer, with each monomer exhibiting a typical type I PLP-enzyme fold and conserved PLP-coordinating residues interacting with the PLP molecule. Two glutamate molecules are bound in sites near the predicted active site and they may occupy a path for substrate entry and product release. Molecular docking reveals a role for active site residues Trp21 and Arg156, conserved in Toa enzymes studied to date, in interacting with the sulfonate group of taurine. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the close homologs of BkToa are also present in other anaerobic gut bacteria.
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28
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Xing M, Wei Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Lin L, Hu Y, Hua G, N Nanjaraj Urs A, Liu D, Wang F, Guo C, Tong Y, Li M, Liu Y, Ang EL, Zhao H, Yuchi Z, Zhang Y. Radical-mediated C-S bond cleavage in C2 sulfonate degradation by anaerobic bacteria. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1609. [PMID: 30962433 PMCID: PMC6453916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial degradation of organosulfonates plays an important role in sulfur recycling, and has been extensively studied. However, this process in anaerobic bacteria especially gut bacteria is little known despite of its potential significant impact on human health with the production of toxic H2S. Here, we describe the structural and biochemical characterization of an oxygen-sensitive enzyme that catalyzes the radical-mediated C-S bond cleavage of isethionate to form sulfite and acetaldehyde. We demonstrate its involvement in pathways that enables C2 sulfonates to be used as terminal electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration in sulfate- and sulfite-reducing bacteria. Furthermore, it plays a key role in converting bile salt-derived taurine into H2S in the disease-associated gut bacterium Bilophila wadsworthia. The enzymes and transporters in these anaerobic pathways expand our understanding of microbial sulfur metabolism, and help deciphering the complex web of microbial pathways involved in the transformation of sulfur compounds in the gut. The C2 sulfonates taurine and isethionate are also present in the anaerobic mammalian gut, where they are converted into toxic H2S by sulfate and sulfite-reducing bacteria. Here the authors characterise the O2-sensitive enzyme IseG that catalyzes the C-S bond cleavage of isethionate and show that IseG also plays a key role in converting taurine into H2S in Bilophila wadsworthia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meining Xing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yifeng Wei
- Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianyun Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiling Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Gaoqun Hua
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Ankanahalli N Nanjaraj Urs
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Dazhi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuixia Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Tong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengya Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ee Lui Ang
- Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Metabolic Engineering Research Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138669, Singapore. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
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Biochemical and structural investigation of sulfoacetaldehyde reductase from Klebsiella oxytoca. Biochem J 2019; 476:733-746. [PMID: 30718306 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoacetaldehyde reductase (IsfD) is a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family, involved in nitrogen assimilation from aminoethylsulfonate (taurine) in certain environmental and human commensal bacteria. IsfD catalyzes the reversible NADPH-dependent reduction of sulfoacetaldehyde, which is generated by transamination of taurine, forming hydroxyethylsulfonate (isethionate) as a waste product. In the present study, the crystal structure of Klebsiella oxytoca IsfD in a ternary complex with NADPH and isethionate was solved at 2.8 Å, revealing residues important for substrate binding. IsfD forms a homotetramer in both crystal and solution states, with the C-terminal tail of each subunit interacting with the C-terminal tail of the diagonally opposite subunit, forming an antiparallel β sheet that constitutes part of the substrate-binding site. The sulfonate group of isethionate is stabilized by a hydrogen bond network formed by the residues Y148, R195, Q244 and a water molecule. In addition, F249 from the diagonal subunit restrains the conformation of Y148 to further stabilize the orientation of the sulfonate group. Mutation of any of these four residues into alanine resulted in a complete loss of catalytic activity for isethionate oxidation. Biochemical investigations of the substrate scope of IsfD, and bioinformatics analysis of IsfD homologs, suggest that IsfD is related to the promiscuous 3-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases with diverse metabolic functions.
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30
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Barton LL, Ritz NL, Fauque GD, Lin HC. Sulfur Cycling and the Intestinal Microbiome. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:2241-2257. [PMID: 28766244 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the activities transpiring in the anaerobic segment of the sulfur cycle occurring in the gut environment where hydrogen sulfide is produced. While sulfate-reducing bacteria are considered as the principal agents for hydrogen sulfide production, the enzymatic desulfhydration of cysteine by heterotrophic bacteria also contributes to production of hydrogen sulfide. For sulfate-reducing bacteria respiration, molecular hydrogen and lactate are suitable as electron donors while sulfate functions as the terminal electron acceptor. Dietary components provide fiber and macromolecules that are degraded by bacterial enzymes to monomers, and these are fermented by intestinal bacteria with the production to molecular hydrogen which promotes the metabolic dominance by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Sulfate is also required by the sulfate-reducing bacteria, and this can be supplied by sulfate- and sulfonate-containing compounds that are hydrolyzed by intestinal bacterial with the release of sulfate. While hydrogen sulfide in the intestinal biosystem may be beneficial to bacteria by increasing resistance to antibiotics, and protecting them from reactive oxygen species, hydrogen sulfide at elevated concentrations may become toxic to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry L Barton
- Department of Biology, MSCO3 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Nathaniel L Ritz
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Guy D Fauque
- CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, Campus de Luminy, Case 901, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Henry C Lin
- New Mexico VA Health Care System, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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Cai J, Zhang J, Tian Y, Zhang L, Hatzakis E, Krausz KW, Smith PB, Gonzalez FJ, Patterson AD. Orthogonal Comparison of GC-MS and 1H NMR Spectroscopy for Short Chain Fatty Acid Quantitation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7900-7906. [PMID: 28650151 PMCID: PMC6334302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important regulators of host physiology and metabolism and may contribute to obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Interest in SCFAs has increased in part due to the recognized importance of how production of SCFAs by the microbiota may signal to the host. Therefore, reliable, reproducible, and affordable methods for SCFA profiling are required for accurate identification and quantitation. In the current study, four different methods for SCFA (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid) extraction and quantitation were compared using two independent platforms including gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Sensitivity, recovery, repeatability, matrix effect, and validation using mouse fecal samples were determined across all methods. The GC-MS propyl esterification method exhibited superior sensitivity for acetic acid and butyric acid measurement (LOD < 0.01 μg mL-1, LOQ < 0.1 μg mL-1) and recovery accuracy (99.4%-108.3% recovery rate for 100 μg mL-1 SCFA mixed standard spike in and 97.8%-101.8% recovery rate for 250 μg mL-1 SCFAs mixed standard spike in). NMR methods by either quantitation relative to an internal standard or quantitation using a calibration curve yielded better repeatability and minimal matrix effects compared to GC-MS methods. All methods generated good calibration curve linearity (R2 > 0.99) and comparable measurement of fecal SCFA concentration. Lastly, these methods were used to quantitate fecal SCFAs obtained from conventionally raised (CONV-R) and germ free (GF) mice. Results from global metabolomic analysis of feces generated by 1H NMR and bomb calorimetry were used to further validate these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Cai
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yuan Tian
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Philip B. Smith
- Metabolomics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Interaction and signalling between a cosmopolitan phytoplankton and associated bacteria. Nature 2015; 522:98-101. [PMID: 26017307 DOI: 10.1038/nature14488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between primary producers and bacteria impact the physiology of both partners, alter the chemistry of their environment, and shape ecosystem diversity. In marine ecosystems, these interactions are difficult to study partly because the major photosynthetic organisms are microscopic, unicellular phytoplankton. Coastal phytoplankton communities are dominated by diatoms, which generate approximately 40% of marine primary production and form the base of many marine food webs. Diatoms co-occur with specific bacterial taxa, but the mechanisms of potential interactions are mostly unknown. Here we tease apart a bacterial consortium associated with a globally distributed diatom and find that a Sulfitobacter species promotes diatom cell division via secretion of the hormone indole-3-acetic acid, synthesized by the bacterium using both diatom-secreted and endogenous tryptophan. Indole-3-acetic acid and tryptophan serve as signalling molecules that are part of a complex exchange of nutrients, including diatom-excreted organosulfur molecules and bacterial-excreted ammonia. The potential prevalence of this mode of signalling in the oceans is corroborated by metabolite and metatranscriptome analyses that show widespread indole-3-acetic acid production by Sulfitobacter-related bacteria, particularly in coastal environments. Our study expands on the emerging recognition that marine microbial communities are part of tightly connected networks by providing evidence that these interactions are mediated through production and exchange of infochemicals.
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Tevatia R, Allen J, Rudrappa D, White D, Clemente TE, Cerutti H, Demirel Y, Blum P. The taurine biosynthetic pathway of microalgae. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rivers AR, Smith CB, Moran MA. An Updated genome annotation for the model marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3. Stand Genomic Sci 2014; 9:11. [PMID: 25780504 PMCID: PMC4334477 DOI: 10.1186/1944-3277-9-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
When the genome of Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 was published in 2004, it represented the first sequence from a heterotrophic marine bacterium. Over the last ten years, the strain has become a valuable model for understanding the cycling of sulfur and carbon in the ocean. To ensure that this genome remains useful, we have updated 69 genes to incorporate functional annotations based on new experimental data, and improved the identification of 120 protein-coding regions based on proteomic and transcriptomic data. We review the progress made in understanding the biology of R. pomeroyi DSS-3 and list the changes made to the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Rivers
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christa B Smith
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Moran
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Núñez-Pons L, Avila C. Defensive metabolites from Antarctic invertebrates: does energetic content interfere with feeding repellence? Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3770-91. [PMID: 24962273 PMCID: PMC4071601 DOI: 10.3390/md12063770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bioactive products from benthic invertebrates mediating ecological interactions have proved to reduce predation, but their mechanisms of action, and their molecular identities, are usually unknown. It was suggested, yet scarcely investigated, that nutritional quality interferes with defensive metabolites. This means that antifeedants would be less effective when combined with energetically rich prey, and that higher amounts of defensive compounds would be needed for predator avoidance. We evaluated the effects of five types of repellents obtained from Antarctic invertebrates, in combination with diets of different energetic values. The compounds came from soft corals, ascidians and hexactinellid sponges; they included wax esters, alkaloids, a meroterpenoid, a steroid, and the recently described organic acid, glassponsine. Feeding repellency was tested through preference assays by preparing diets (alginate pearls) combining different energetic content and inorganic material. Experimental diets contained various concentrations of each repellent product, and were offered along with control compound-free pearls, to the Antarctic omnivore amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus. Meridianin alkaloids were the most active repellents, and wax esters were the least active when combined with foods of distinct energetic content. Our data show that levels of repellency vary for each compound, and that they perform differently when mixed with distinct assay foods. The natural products that interacted the most with energetic content were those occurring in nature at higher concentrations. The bioactivity of the remaining metabolites tested was found to depend on a threshold concentration, enough to elicit feeding repellence, independently from nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Núñez-Pons
- Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) & Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona ES-08028, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Animal Biology (Invertebrates) & Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona ES-08028, Catalonia, Spain.
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Mosier AC, Justice NB, Bowen BP, Baran R, Thomas BC, Northen TR, Banfield JF. Metabolites associated with adaptation of microorganisms to an acidophilic, metal-rich environment identified by stable-isotope-enabled metabolomics. mBio 2013; 4:e00484-12. [PMID: 23481603 PMCID: PMC3604775 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00484-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Microorganisms grow under a remarkable range of extreme conditions. Environmental transcriptomic and proteomic studies have highlighted metabolic pathways active in extremophilic communities. However, metabolites directly linked to their physiology are less well defined because metabolomics methods lag behind other omics technologies due to a wide range of experimental complexities often associated with the environmental matrix. We identified key metabolites associated with acidophilic and metal-tolerant microorganisms using stable isotope labeling coupled with untargeted, high-resolution mass spectrometry. We observed >3,500 metabolic features in biofilms growing in pH ~0.9 acid mine drainage solutions containing millimolar concentrations of iron, sulfate, zinc, copper, and arsenic. Stable isotope labeling improved chemical formula prediction by >50% for larger metabolites (>250 atomic mass units), many of which were unrepresented in metabolic databases and may represent novel compounds. Taurine and hydroxyectoine were identified and likely provide protection from osmotic stress in the biofilms. Community genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data implicate fungi in taurine metabolism. Leptospirillum group II bacteria decrease production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine as biofilms mature, suggesting that biofilm structure provides some resistance to high metal and proton concentrations. The combination of taurine, ectoine, and hydroxyectoine may also constitute a sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon currency in the communities. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities are central to many critical global processes and yet remain enigmatic largely due to their complex and distributed metabolic interactions. Metabolomics has the possibility of providing mechanistic insights into the function and ecology of microbial communities. However, our limited knowledge of microbial metabolites, the difficulty of identifying metabolites from complex samples, and the inability to link metabolites directly to community members have proven to be major limitations in developing advances in systems interactions. Here, we show that combining stable-isotope-enabled metabolomics with genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics can illuminate the ecology of microorganisms at the community scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C. Mosier
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nicholas B. Justice
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Bowen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Richard Baran
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brian C. Thomas
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Trent R. Northen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
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Robin S, Arese M, Forte E, Sarti P, Kolaj-Robin O, Giuffrè A, Soulimane T. Functional dissection of the multi-domain di-heme cytochrome c(550) from Thermus thermophilus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55129. [PMID: 23383080 PMCID: PMC3561395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In bacteria, oxidation of sulfite to sulfate, the most common strategy for sulfite detoxification, is mainly accomplished by the molybdenum-containing sulfite:acceptor oxidoreductases (SORs). Bacterial SORs are very diverse proteins; they can exist as monomers or homodimers of their core subunit, as well as heterodimers with an additional cytochrome c subunit. We have previously described the homodimeric SOR from Thermus thermophilus HB8 (SOR(TTHB8)), identified its physiological electron acceptor, cytochrome c(550), and demonstrated the key role of the latter in coupling sulfite oxidation to aerobic respiration. Herein, the role of this di-heme cytochrome c was further investigated. The cytochrome was shown to be composed of two conformationally independent domains, each containing one heme moiety. Each domain was separately cloned, expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. Stopped-flow experiments showed that: i) the N-terminal domain is the only one accepting electrons from SOR(TTHB8); ii) the N- and C-terminal domains are in rapid redox equilibrium and iii) both domains are able to transfer electrons further to cytochrome c(552), the physiological substrate of the ba(3) and caa(3) terminal oxidases. These findings show that cytochrome c(550) functions as a electron shuttle, without working as an electron wire with one heme acting as the electron entry and the other as the electron exit site. Although contribution of the cytochrome c(550) C-terminal domain to T. thermophilus sulfur respiration seems to be dispensable, we suggest that di-heme composition of the cytochrome physiologically enables storage of the two electrons generated from sulfite oxidation, thereof ensuring efficient contribution of sulfite detoxification to the respiratory chain-mediated energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Robin
- Chemical and Environmental Science Department, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Sarti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Istituto Pasteur – Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Kolaj-Robin
- Chemical and Environmental Science Department, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alessandro Giuffrè
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (AG); (TS)
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Chemical and Environmental Science Department, Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- * E-mail: (AG); (TS)
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Kohler C, Lourenço RF, Avelar GM, Gomes SL. Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor σF is involved in Caulobacter crescentus response to heavy metal stress. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:210. [PMID: 22985357 PMCID: PMC3511200 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus inhabits low-nutrient environments and can tolerate certain levels of heavy metals in these sites. It has been reported that C. crescentus responds to exposure to various heavy metals by altering the expression of a large number of genes. Results In this work, we show that the ECF sigma factor σF is one of the regulatory proteins involved in the control of the transcriptional response to chromium and cadmium. Microarray experiments indicate that σF controls eight genes during chromium stress, most of which were previously described as induced by heavy metals. Surprisingly, σF itself is not strongly auto-regulated under metal stress conditions. Interestingly, σF-dependent genes are not induced in the presence of agents that generate reactive oxygen species. Promoter analyses revealed that a conserved σF-dependent sequence is located upstream of all genes of the σF regulon. In addition, we show that the second gene in the sigF operon acts as a negative regulator of σF function, and the encoded protein has been named NrsF (Negative regulator of sigma F). Substitution of two conserved cysteine residues (C131 and C181) in NrsF affects its ability to maintain the expression of σF-dependent genes at basal levels. Furthermore, we show that σF is released into the cytoplasm during chromium stress and in cells carrying point mutations in both conserved cysteines of the protein NrsF. Conclusion A possible mechanism for induction of the σF-dependent genes by chromium and cadmium is the inactivation of the putative anti-sigma factor NrsF, leading to the release of σF to bind RNA polymerase core and drive transcription of its regulon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kohler
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av, Prof, Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kalhoefer D, Thole S, Voget S, Lehmann R, Liesegang H, Wollher A, Daniel R, Simon M, Brinkhoff T. Comparative genome analysis and genome-guided physiological analysis of Roseobacter litoralis. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:324. [PMID: 21693016 PMCID: PMC3141670 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roseobacter litoralis OCh149, the type species of the genus, and Roseobacter denitrificans OCh114 were the first described organisms of the Roseobacter clade, an ecologically important group of marine bacteria. Both species were isolated from seaweed and are able to perform aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis. RESULTS The genome of R. litoralis OCh149 contains one circular chromosome of 4,505,211 bp and three plasmids of 93,578 bp (pRLO149_94), 83,129 bp (pRLO149_83) and 63,532 bp (pRLO149_63). Of the 4537 genes predicted for R. litoralis, 1122 (24.7%) are not present in the genome of R. denitrificans. Many of the unique genes of R. litoralis are located in genomic islands and on plasmids. On pRLO149_83 several potential heavy metal resistance genes are encoded which are not present in the genome of R. denitrificans. The comparison of the heavy metal tolerance of the two organisms showed an increased zinc tolerance of R. litoralis. In contrast to R. denitrificans, the photosynthesis genes of R. litoralis are plasmid encoded. The activity of the photosynthetic apparatus was confirmed by respiration rate measurements, indicating a growth-phase dependent response to light. Comparative genomics with other members of the Roseobacter clade revealed several genomic regions that were only conserved in the two Roseobacter species. One of those regions encodes a variety of genes that might play a role in host association of the organisms. The catabolism of different carbon and nitrogen sources was predicted from the genome and combined with experimental data. In several cases, e.g. the degradation of some algal osmolytes and sugars, the genome-derived predictions of the metabolic pathways in R. litoralis differed from the phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The genomic differences between the two Roseobacter species are mainly due to lateral gene transfer and genomic rearrangements. Plasmid pRLO149_83 contains predominantly recently acquired genetic material whereas pRLO149_94 was probably translocated from the chromosome. Plasmid pRLO149_63 and one plasmid of R. denitrifcans (pTB2) seem to have a common ancestor and are important for cell envelope biosynthesis. Several new mechanisms of substrate degradation were indicated from the combination of experimental and genomic data. The photosynthetic activity of R. litoralis is probably regulated by nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kalhoefer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Thole
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Voget
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lehmann
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Liesegang
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antje Wollher
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meinhard Simon
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Brinkhoff
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Krejčík Z, Hollemeyer K, Smits THM, Cook AM. Isethionate formation from taurine in Chromohalobacter salexigens: purification of sulfoacetaldehyde reductase. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2010; 156:1547-1555. [PMID: 20133363 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.036699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial generation of isethionate (2-hydroxyethanesulfonate) from taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate) by anaerobic gut bacteria was established in 1980. That phenomenon in pure culture was recognized as a pathway of assimilation of taurine-nitrogen. Based on the latter work, we predicted from genome-sequence data that the marine gammaproteobacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043 would exhibit this trait. Quantitative conversion of taurine to isethionate, identified by mass spectrometry, was confirmed, and the taurine-nitrogen was recovered as cell material. An eight-gene cluster was predicted to encode the inducible vectorial, scalar and regulatory enzymes involved, some of which were known from other taurine pathways. The genes (Csal_0153-Csal_0156) encoding a putative ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transporter for taurine (TauAB(1)B(2)C) were shown to be inducibly transcribed by reverse transcription (RT-) PCR. An inducible taurine : 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.55] was found (Csal_0158); the reaction yielded glutamate and sulfoacetaldehyde. The sulfoacetaldehyde was reduced to isethionate by NADPH-dependent sulfoacetaldehyde reductase (IsfD), a member of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily. The 27 kDa protein (SDS-PAGE) was identified by peptide-mass fingerprinting as the gene product of Csal_0161. The putative exporter of isethionate (IsfE) is encoded by Csal_0160; isfE was inducibly transcribed (RT-PCR). The presumed transcriptional regulator, TauR (Csal_0157), may autoregulate its own expression, typical of GntR-type regulators. Similar gene clusters were found in several marine and terrestrial gammaproteobacteria, which, in the gut canal, could be the source of not only mammalian, but also arachnid and cephalopod isethionate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Krejčík
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-16637 Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, The University, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Klaus Hollemeyer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, Box 50 11 50, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Theo H M Smits
- Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil ACW, Schloss, Postfach, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, The University, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alasdair M Cook
- Department of Biology, The University, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Sulfite oxidation in Sinorhizobium meliloti. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2009; 1787:1516-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Denger K, Mayer J, Hollemeyer K, Cook AM. Amphoteric surfactant N-oleoyl-N-methyltaurine utilized by Pseudomonas alcaligenes with excretion of N-methyltaurine. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 288:112-7. [PMID: 18783436 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The amphoteric surfactant N-oleoyl-N-methyltaurine, which is in use in skin-care products, was utilized by aerobic bacteria as the sole source of carbon or of nitrogen in enrichment cultures. One isolate, which was identified as Pseudomonas alcaligenes, grew with the xenobiotic compound as the sole source of carbon and energy. The sulfonate moiety, N-methyltaurine, was excreted quantitatively during growth, while the fatty acid was dissimilated. The initial degradative reaction was shown to be hydrolytic and inducible. This amidase reaction could be demonstrated with crude cell extracts. The excreted N-methyltaurine could be utilized by other bacteria in cocultures. Complete degradation of similar natural compounds in bacterial communities seems likely.
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Krejcík Z, Denger K, Weinitschke S, Hollemeyer K, Paces V, Cook AM, Smits THM. Sulfoacetate released during the assimilation of taurine-nitrogen by Neptuniibacter caesariensis: purification of sulfoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Arch Microbiol 2008; 190:159-68. [PMID: 18506422 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-008-0386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate) is a widespread natural product whose nitrogen moiety was recently shown to be assimilated by bacteria, usually with excretion of an organosulfonate via undefined novel pathways; other data involve transcriptional regulator TauR in taurine metabolism. A screen of genome sequences for TauR with the BLAST algorithm allowed the hypothesis that the marine gammaproteobacterium Neptuniibacter caesariensis MED92 would inducibly assimilate taurine-nitrogen and excrete sulfoacetate. The pathway involved an ABC transporter (TauABC), taurine:pyruvate aminotransferase (Tpa), a novel sulfoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (SafD) and exporter(s) of sulfoacetate (SafE) (DUF81). Ten candidate genes in two clusters involved three sets of paralogues (for TauR, Tpa and SafE). Inducible Tpa and SafD were detected in cell extracts. SafD was purified 600-fold to homogeneity in two steps. The monomer had a molecular mass of 50 kDa (SDS-PAGE); data from gel filtration chromatography indicated a tetrameric native protein. SafD was specific for sulfoacetaldehyde with a K (m)-value of 0.12 mM. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of SafD confirmed the identity of the safD gene. The eight pathway genes were transcribed inducibly, which indicated expression of the whole hypothetical pathway. We presume that this pathway is one source of sulfoacetate in nature, where this compound is dissimilated by many bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenĕk Krejcík
- Department of Biology, The University, 78457, Constance, Germany
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44
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Different bacterial strategies to degrade taurocholate. Arch Microbiol 2008; 190:11-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-008-0357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mayer J, Denger K, Kaspar K, Hollemeyer K, Smits THM, Huhn T, Cook AM. Assimilation of homotaurine-nitrogen by Burkholderia sp. and excretion of sulfopropanoate. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2007; 279:77-82. [PMID: 18081842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.01014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Homotaurine (3-aminopropanesulfonate), free or derivatized, is in widespread pharmaceutical and laboratory use. Studies with enrichment cultures indicated that the compound is degradable as a sole source of carbon or as a sole source of nitrogen for bacterial growth. A pure culture of Burkholderia sp. was isolated which assimilated the amino group from homotaurine in a glucose-salts medium, and which released an organosulfonate, 3-sulfopropanoate, into the medium stoichiometrically. The deamination involved an inducible 2-oxoglutarate-dependent aminotransferase to yield glutamate, and 3-sulfopropanal. Release of the amino group was attributed to the measured NADP-coupled glutamate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Mayer
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Weinitschke S, Denger K, Cook AM, Smits THM. The DUF81 protein TauE in Cupriavidus necator H16, a sulfite exporter in the metabolism of C2 sulfonates. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2007; 153:3055-3060. [PMID: 17768248 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/009845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of taurine, isethionate and sulfoacetate in Cupriavidus necator (Ralstonia eutropha) H16 was shown by enzyme assays to be inducible, and each pathway involved sulfoacetaldehyde, which was subject to phosphatolysis by a common sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase (Xsc, H16_B1870) to yield acetyl phosphate and sulfite. The neighbouring genes encoded phosphate acetyltransferase (Pta, H16_B1871) and a hypothetical protein [domain of unknown function (DUF)81, H16_B1872], with eight derived transmembrane helices. RT-PCR showed inducible transcription of these three genes, and led to the hypothesis that H16_B1872 and orthologous proteins represent a sulfite exporter, which was named TauE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Denger
- Department of Biology, The University, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alasdair M Cook
- Department of Biology, The University, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Theo H M Smits
- Department of Biology, The University, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Mayer J, Denger K, Smits THM, Hollemeyer K, Groth U, Cook AM. N-acetyltaurine dissimilated via taurine by Delftia acidovorans NAT. Arch Microbiol 2006; 186:61-7. [PMID: 16802176 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-006-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2006] [Revised: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring sulfonate N-acetyltaurine was synthesized chemically and its identity was confirmed. Aerobic enrichment cultures for bacteria able to utilize N-acetyltaurine as sole source of fixed nitrogen or as sole source of carbon were successful. One representative isolate, strain NAT, which was identified as a strain of Delftia acidovorans, grew with N-acetyltaurine as carbon source and excreted stoichiometric amounts of sulfate and ammonium. Inducible enzyme activities were measured in crude extracts of this organism to elucidate the degradative pathway. Cleavage of N-acetyltaurine by a highly active amidase yielded acetate and taurine. The latter was oxidatively deaminated by taurine dehydrogenase to ammonium and sulfoacetaldehyde. This key intermediate of sulfonate catabolism was desulfonated by the known reaction of sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase to sulfite and acetyl phosphate, which was further degraded to enter central metabolism. A degradative pathway including transport functions is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Mayer
- Fachbereich Biologie der Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Weinitschke S, Denger K, Smits THM, Hollemeyer K, Cook AM. The sulfonated osmolyte N-methyltaurine is dissimilated by Alcaligenes faecalis and by Paracoccus versutus with release of methylamine. Microbiology (Reading) 2006; 152:1179-1186. [PMID: 16549680 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective enrichments yielded bacterial cultures able to utilize the osmolyte N-methyltaurine as sole source of carbon and energy or as sole source of fixed nitrogen for aerobic growth. Strain MT1, which degraded N-methyltaurine as a sole source of carbon concomitantly with growth, was identified as a strain of Alcaligenes faecalis. Stoichiometric amounts of methylamine, whose identity was confirmed by matrix-assisted, laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and of sulfate were released during growth. Inducible N-methyltaurine dehydrogenase, sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase (Xsc) and a sulfite dehydrogenase could be detected. Taurine dehydrogenase was also present and it was hypothesized that taurine dehydrogenase has a substrate range that includes N-methyltaurine. Partial sequences of a tauY-like gene (encoding the putative large component of taurine dehydrogenase) and an xsc gene were obtained by PCR with degenerate primers. Strain N-MT utilized N-methyltaurine as a sole source of fixed nitrogen for growth and could also utilize the compound as sole source of carbon. This bacterium was identified as a strain of Paracoccus versutus. This organism also expressed inducible (N-methyl)taurine dehydrogenase, Xsc and a sulfite dehydrogenase. The presence of a gene cluster with high identity to a larger cluster from Paracoccus pantotrophus NKNCYSA, which is now known to dissimilate N-methyltaurine via Xsc, allowed most of the overall pathway, including transport and excretion, to be defined. N-Methyltaurine is thus another compound whose catabolism is channelled directly through sulfoacetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Weinitschke
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karin Denger
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Theo H M Smits
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Klaus Hollemeyer
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Saarland University, Box 50 11 50, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alasdair M Cook
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Gorzynska AK, Denger K, Cook AM, Smits THM. Inducible transcription of genes involved in taurine uptake and dissimilation by Silicibacter pomeroyi DSS-3T. Arch Microbiol 2006; 185:402-6. [PMID: 16541231 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-006-0106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A largely untested hypothesis for the bacterial dissimilation of taurine was explored in Silicibacter pomeroyi DSS-3, whose genome has been sequenced. Substrate-specific transcription of candidate genes encoding taurine uptake and dissimilation (tauABC, tpa, ald, xsc, pta) was found, which corresponded to the induction of Tpa, Ald, Xsc and Pta, that was observed.
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