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Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS): A Powerful Tool for Crop Improvement and Its Advancement towards Epigenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065608. [PMID: 36982682 PMCID: PMC10057534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an RNA-mediated reverse genetics technology that has evolved into an indispensable approach for analyzing the function of genes. It downregulates endogenous genes by utilizing the posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) machinery of plants to prevent systemic viral infections. Based on recent advances, VIGS can now be used as a high-throughput tool that induces heritable epigenetic modifications in plants through the viral genome by transiently knocking down targeted gene expression. As a result of the progression of DNA methylation induced by VIGS, new stable genotypes with desired traits are being developed in plants. In plants, RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a mechanism where epigenetic modifiers are guided to target loci by small RNAs, which play a major role in the silencing of the target gene. In this review, we described the molecular mechanisms of DNA and RNA-based viral vectors and the knowledge obtained through altering the genes in the studied plants that are not usually accessible to transgenic techniques. We showed how VIGS-induced gene silencing can be used to characterize transgenerational gene function(s) and altered epigenetic marks, which can improve future plant breeding programs.
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Palmer L, Chuang L, Siegmund M, Kunert M, Yamamoto K, Sonawane P, O'Connor SE. In vivo characterization of key iridoid biosynthesis pathway genes in catnip (Nepeta cataria). PLANTA 2022; 256:99. [PMID: 36222913 PMCID: PMC9556426 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using virus-induced gene silencing, we demonstrated that the enzymes GES, ISY, and MLPL are responsible for nepetalactone biosynthesis in Nepeta cataria. Nepetalactone is the main iridoid that is found in the Nepeta genus and is well-known for its psychoactive effect on house cats. Moreover, there is a burgeoning interest into the effect of nepetalactone on insects. Although the enzymes for nepetalactone biosynthesis have been biochemically assayed in vitro, validation of the role that these enzymes have in planta has not been demonstrated. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a silencing method that relies on transient transformation and is an approach that has been particularly successful when applied to a variety of non-model plants. Here, we use a recently designed visual-marker dependent VIGS system to demonstrate that the nepetalactone biosynthetic enzymes GES, ISY, and MLPL impact nepetalactone biosynthesis in Nepeta cataria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lira Palmer
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ling Chuang
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marlen Siegmund
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Kotaro Yamamoto
- School of Science, Association of International Arts and Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Prashant Sonawane
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Paudel L, Kerr S, Prentis P, Tanurdžić M, Papanicolaou A, Plett JM, Cazzonelli CI. Horticultural innovation by viral-induced gene regulation of carotenogenesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab008. [PMID: 35043183 PMCID: PMC8769041 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multipartite viral vectors provide a simple, inexpensive and effective biotechnological tool to transiently manipulate (i.e. reduce or increase) gene expression in planta and characterise the function of genetic traits. The development of virus-induced gene regulation (VIGR) systems usually involve the targeted silencing or overexpression of genes involved in pigment biosynthesis or degradation in plastids, thereby providing rapid visual assessment of success in establishing RNA- or DNA-based VIGR systems in planta. Carotenoids pigments provide plant tissues with an array of yellow, orange, and pinkish-red colours. VIGR-induced transient manipulation of carotenoid-related gene expression has advanced our understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis, regulation, accumulation and degradation, as well as plastid signalling processes. In this review, we describe mechanisms of VIGR, the importance of carotenoids as visual markers of technology development, and knowledge gained through manipulating carotenogenesis in model plants as well as horticultural crops not always amenable to transgenic approaches. We outline how VIGR can be utilised in plants to fast-track the characterisation of gene function(s), accelerate fruit tree breeding programs, edit genomes, and biofortify plant products enriched in carotenoid micronutrients for horticultural innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Paudel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kerr
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Peter Prentis
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Miloš Tanurdžić
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexie Papanicolaou
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
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Koudounas K, Carqueijeiro I, Lemos Cruz P, Perrin J, Lanoue A, Oudin A, Besseau S, Courdavault V. A Rapid and Efficient Vacuum-Based Agroinfiltration Protocol for Transient Gene Overexpression in Leaves of Catharanthus roseus. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2505:263-279. [PMID: 35732951 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2349-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomics analyses in planta can be hampered in non-model plants that are recalcitrant to the genetic transformation such as the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae). No stable transformation and regeneration of plantlets have been achieved with a high efficiency in this plant to date. In addition, while virus-mediated transient gene silencing has been reported a decade ago in C. roseus, tools for transient overexpression remain scarce. Here, we describe an efficient and reliable methodology for transiently overexpressing any gene of interest in C. roseus leaves. This protocol combines a vacuum-based Agroinfiltration approach and the high translational efficiency of a deconstructed virus-based binary vector (pEAQ-HT). The described methodology is robust, easy to perform, and results in high amount of transient expression in C. roseus. This protocol is expected to serve as valuable tool to enhance the in planta characterization of gene functions or even transiently knock-in novel enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ines Carqueijeiro
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Pamela Lemos Cruz
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jennifer Perrin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Audrey Oudin
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Besseau
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France.
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Yin Y, Wang C, Xiao D, Liang Y, Wang Y. Advances and Perspectives of Transgenic Technology and Biotechnological Application in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786328. [PMID: 34917116 PMCID: PMC8669725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic technology is increasingly used in forest-tree breeding to overcome the disadvantages of traditional breeding methods, such as a long breeding cycle, complex cultivation environment, and complicated procedures. By introducing exogenous DNA, genes tightly related or contributed to ideal traits-including insect, disease, and herbicide resistance-were transferred into diverse forest trees, and genetically modified (GM) trees including poplars were cultivated. It is beneficial to develop new varieties of GM trees of high quality and promote the genetic improvement of forests. However, the low transformation efficiency has hampered the cultivation of GM trees and the identification of the molecular genetic mechanism in forest trees compared to annual herbaceous plants such as Oryza sativa. In this study, we reviewed advances in transgenic technology of forest trees, including the principles, advantages and disadvantages of diverse genetic transformation methods, and their application for trait improvement. The review provides insight into the establishment and improvement of genetic transformation systems for forest tree species. Challenges and perspectives pertaining to the genetic transformation of forest trees are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Alabi OJ, Diaz-Lara A, Erickson TM, Al Rwahnih M. Olea europaea geminivirus is present in a germplasm repository and in California and Texas olive (Olea europaea L.) groves. Arch Virol 2021; 166:3399-3404. [PMID: 34546432 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Olea europaea geminivirus (OEGV) from olive accessions in Italy was characterized recently. OEGV was also detected during routine high-throughput sequencing screening of olive (cv. Leccino) material, and its complete bipartite genome segments were sequenced and shown to be 100% identical to those of the isolate from Italy. Using two pairs of newly designed primers targeting the AV1 and BV1 genes, OEGV was detected in randomly sampled olive trees from the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Clonal Germplasm Repository (USDA-NCGR) (21.4% or 6/28), commercial and residential settings in California (47.6% or 10/21), and an orchard in Texas (60% or 30/50). The cuttings for the USDA-NCGR-positive trees originated from the former Serbia and Montenegro, Spain, Italy, and Greece. Comparative analysis of the directly sequenced gene fragments from randomly selected samples showed that OEGV isolates from the different sources were 100% identical to each other. The results indicate that OEGV spread was likely facilitated by inadvertent movement of contaminated olive germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi J Alabi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
| | - Alfredo Diaz-Lara
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Teresa M Erickson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Maher Al Rwahnih
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Koudounas K, Thomopoulou M, Rigakou A, Angeli E, Melliou E, Magiatis P, Hatzopoulos P. Silencing of Oleuropein β-Glucosidase Abolishes the Biosynthetic Capacity of Secoiridoids in Olives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671487. [PMID: 34539687 PMCID: PMC8446429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Specialized metabolism is an evolutionary answer that fortifies plants against a wide spectrum of (a) biotic challenges. A plethora of diversified compounds can be found in the plant kingdom and often constitute the basis of human pharmacopeia. Olive trees (Olea europaea) produce an unusual type of secoiridoids known as oleosides with promising pharmaceutical activities. Here, we transiently silenced oleuropein β-glucosidase (OeGLU), an enzyme engaged in the biosynthetic pathway of secoiridoids in the olive trees. Reduction of OeGLU transcripts resulted in the absence of both upstream and downstream secoiridoids in planta, revealing a regulatory loop mechanism that bypasses the flux of precursor compounds toward the branch of secoiridoid biosynthesis. Our findings highlight that OeGLU could serve as a molecular target to regulate the bioactive secoiridoids in olive oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Koudounas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Thomopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Rigakou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisavet Angeli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Melliou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Polydefkis Hatzopoulos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Shi G, Hao M, Tian B, Cao G, Wei F, Xie Z. A Methodological Advance of Tobacco Rattle Virus-Induced Gene Silencing for Functional Genomics in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671091. [PMID: 34149770 PMCID: PMC8212136 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As a promising high-throughput reverse genetic tool in plants, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has already begun to fulfill some of this promise in diverse aspects. However, review of the technological advancements about widely used VIGS system, tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated gene silencing, needs timely updates. Hence, this article mainly reviews viral vector construction, inoculation method advances, important influential factors, and summarizes the recent applications in diverse plant species, thus providing a better understanding and advice for functional gene analysis related to crop improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongyao Shi
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Hao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoming Tian
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gangqiang Cao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengqing Xie
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Improvements, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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