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Kunert M, Langley C, Lucier R, Ploss K, Rodríguez López CE, Serna Guerrero DA, Rothe E, O'Connor SE, Sonawane PD. Promiscuous CYP87A enzyme activity initiates cardenolide biosynthesis in plants. Nat Plants 2023; 9:1607-1617. [PMID: 37723202 PMCID: PMC10581899 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardenolides are specialized, steroidal metabolites produced in a wide array of plant families1,2. Cardenolides play protective roles in plants, but these molecules, including digoxin from foxglove (Digitalis spp.), are better known for treatment of congenital heart failure, atrial arrhythmia, various cancers and other chronic diseases3-9. However, it is still unknown how plants synthesize 'high-value', complex cardenolide structures from, presumably, a sterol precursor. Here we identify two cytochrome P450, family 87, subfamily A (CYP87A) enzymes that act on both cholesterol and phytosterols (campesterol and β-sitosterol) to form pregnenolone, the first committed step in cardenolide biosynthesis in the two phylogenetically distant plants Digitalis purpurea and Calotropis procera. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing these CYP87A enzymes ectopically accumulated pregnenolone, whereas silencing of CYP87A in D. purpurea leaves by RNA interference resulted in substantial reduction of pregnenolone and cardenolides. Our work uncovers the key entry point to the cardenolide pathway, and expands the toolbox for sustainable production of high-value plant steroids via synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritta Kunert
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Chloe Langley
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Rosalind Lucier
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Ploss
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Carlos E Rodríguez López
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Delia A Serna Guerrero
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Rothe
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Prashant D Sonawane
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
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2
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Palmer L, Chuang L, Siegmund M, Kunert M, Yamamoto K, Sonawane P, O'Connor SE. In vivo characterization of key iridoid biosynthesis pathway genes in catnip (Nepeta cataria). Planta 2022; 256:99. [PMID: 36222913 PMCID: PMC9556426 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using virus-induced gene silencing, we demonstrated that the enzymes GES, ISY, and MLPL are responsible for nepetalactone biosynthesis in Nepeta cataria. Nepetalactone is the main iridoid that is found in the Nepeta genus and is well-known for its psychoactive effect on house cats. Moreover, there is a burgeoning interest into the effect of nepetalactone on insects. Although the enzymes for nepetalactone biosynthesis have been biochemically assayed in vitro, validation of the role that these enzymes have in planta has not been demonstrated. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a silencing method that relies on transient transformation and is an approach that has been particularly successful when applied to a variety of non-model plants. Here, we use a recently designed visual-marker dependent VIGS system to demonstrate that the nepetalactone biosynthetic enzymes GES, ISY, and MLPL impact nepetalactone biosynthesis in Nepeta cataria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lira Palmer
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ling Chuang
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marlen Siegmund
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Kotaro Yamamoto
- School of Science, Association of International Arts and Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Prashant Sonawane
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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3
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Ezediokpu MN, Krause K, Kunert M, Hoffmeister D, Boland W, Kothe E. Ectomycorrhizal Influence on the Dynamics of Sesquiterpene Release by Tricholoma vaccinum. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060555. [PMID: 35736037 PMCID: PMC9224709 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tricholoma vaccinum is an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete with high host specificity. The slow-growing fungus is able to produce twenty sesquiterpenes, including α-barbatene, sativene, isocaryophyllene, α-cuprenene, β-cedrene, ß-copaene, 4-epi-α-acoradiene, and chamigrene in axenic culture. For the three major compounds, Δ6-protoilludene, β-barbatene, and an unidentified oxygenated sesquiterpene (m/z 218.18), changed production during co-cultivation with the ectomycorrhizal partner tree, Picea abies, could be shown with distinct dynamics. During the mycorrhizal growth of T. vaccinum–P. abies, Δ6-protoilludene and the oxygenated sesquiterpene appeared at similar times, which warranted further studies of potential biosynthesis genes. In silico analyses identified a putative protoilludene synthesis gene, pie1, as being up-regulated in the mycorrhizal stage, in addition to the previously identified, co-regulated geosmin synthase, ges1. We therefore hypothesize that the sesquiterpene synthase pie1 has an important role during mycorrhization, through Δ6-protoilludene and/or its accompanied oxygenated sesquiterpene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marycolette Ndidi Ezediokpu
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.N.E.); (K.K.)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Katrin Krause
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.N.E.); (K.K.)
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Erika Kothe
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.N.E.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-949291
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4
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Fu N, Becker T, Brandt W, Kunert M, Burse A, Boland W. Involvement of CYP347W1 in neurotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid-based chemical defense in mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae. Insect Sci 2022; 29:453-466. [PMID: 34235855 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chrysomelina beetlesstore 3-nitropropionic acid in form of a pretoxin, isoxazolin-5-one glucoside-conjugated ester, to protect themselves against predators. Here we identified a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, CYP347W1, to be involved in the production of the 3-nitropropionic acid moiety of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester. Knocking down CYP347W1 led to a significant depletion in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester and an increase in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside in the larval hemolymph. Enzyme assays with the heterologously expressed CYP347W1 showed free β-alanine was not the direct substrate. Homology modeling indicated that β-alanine-CoA ester can fit into CYP347W1's active site. Furthermore, we proved that Phaedon cochleariae eggs are not able to de novo synthesize 3-NPA, although both isoxazolin-5-one glucoside and its 3-NPA-conjugated ester are present in the eggs. These results provide direct evidence for the involvement of CYP347W1 in the biosynthesis of a P. cochleariae chemical defense compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxia Fu
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tobias Becker
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Burse
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Ernst Abbe Hochschule Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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5
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Müller DG, Gaschet E, Godfroy O, Gueno J, Cossard G, Kunert M, Peters AF, Westermeier R, Boland W, Cock JM, Lipinska AP, Coelho SM. A partially sex-reversed giant kelp sheds light into the mechanisms of sexual differentiation in a UV sexual system. New Phytol 2021; 232:252-263. [PMID: 34166525 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In UV sexual systems, sex is determined during the haploid phase of the life cycle and males have a V chromosome whereas females have a U chromosome. Previous work in the brown alga Ectocarpus revealed that the V chromosome has a dominant role in male sex determination and suggested that the female developmental programme may occur by 'default'. Here, we describe the identification of a genetically male giant kelp strain presenting phenotypic features typical of a female, despite lacking the U-specific region. The conversion to the female developmental programme is however incomplete, because gametes of this feminized male are unable to produce the sperm-attracting pheromone lamoxirene. We identify the transcriptomic patterns underlying the male and female specific developmental programmes, and show that the phenotypic feminization is associated with both feminization and de-masculinization of gene expression patterns. Importantly, the feminization phenotype was associated with dramatic downregulation of two V-specific genes including a candidate male-determining gene. Our results reveal the transcriptional changes associated with sexual differentiation in a UV system, and contribute to disentangling the role of sex-linked and autosomal gene expression in the initiation of sex-specific developmental programmes. Overall, the data presented here imply that the U-specific region is not required to initiate the female developmental programme, but is critical to produce fully functional eggs, arguing against the idea that female is the 'default' sex in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter G Müller
- Fachbereich Biologie der Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Enora Gaschet
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, France
| | - Olivier Godfroy
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, France
| | - Josselin Gueno
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, France
| | - Guillaume Cossard
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, France
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | | | - Renato Westermeier
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - J Mark Cock
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, France
| | - Agnieszka P Lipinska
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, France
- Max Plank Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susana M Coelho
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, CS 90074, F-29688, France
- Max Plank Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Abdulsalam O, Wagner K, Wirth S, Kunert M, David A, Kallenbach M, Boland W, Kothe E, Krause K. Phytohormones and volatile organic compounds, like geosmin, in the ectomycorrhiza of Tricholoma vaccinum and Norway spruce (Picea abies). Mycorrhiza 2021; 31:173-188. [PMID: 33210234 PMCID: PMC7910269 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-01005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ectomycorrhizospheric habitat contains a diverse pool of organisms, including the host plant, mycorrhizal fungi, and other rhizospheric microorganisms. Different signaling molecules may influence the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Here, we investigated the potential of the basidiomycete Tricholoma vaccinum to produce communication molecules for the interaction with its coniferous host, Norway spruce (Picea abies). We focused on the production of volatile organic compounds and phytohormones in axenic T. vaccinum cultures, identified the potential biosynthesis genes, and investigated their expression by RNA-Seq analyses. T. vaccinum released volatiles not usually associated with fungi, like limonene and β-barbatene, and geosmin. Using stable isotope labeling, the biosynthesis of geosmin was elucidated. The geosmin biosynthesis gene ges1 of T. vaccinum was identified, and up-regulation was scored during mycorrhiza, while a different regulation was seen with mycorrhizosphere bacteria. The fungus also released the volatile phytohormone ethylene and excreted salicylic and abscisic acid as well as jasmonates into the medium. The tree excreted the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, and its biosynthesis intermediate, indole-3-acetamide, as well as salicylic acid with its root exudates. These compounds could be shown for the first time in exudates as well as in soil of a natural ectomycorrhizospheric habitat. The effects of phytohormones present in the mycorrhizosphere on hyphal branching of T. vaccinum were assessed. Salicylic and abscisic acid changed hyphal branching in a concentration-dependent manner. Since extensive branching is important for mycorrhiza establishment, a well-balanced level of mycorrhizospheric phytohormones is necessary. The regulation thus can be expected to contribute to an interkingdom language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Abdulsalam
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina Wagner
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophia Wirth
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja David
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Kallenbach
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Erika Kothe
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Krause
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Haenniger S, Goergen G, Akinbuluma MD, Kunert M, Heckel DG, Unbehend M. Sexual communication of Spodoptera frugiperda from West Africa: Adaptation of an invasive species and implications for pest management. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2892. [PMID: 32076002 PMCID: PMC7031376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pest species Spodoptera frugiperda, which is native to North and South America, has invaded Africa in 2016. The species consists of two strains, the corn-strain and rice-strain, which differ in their sexual communication. When we investigated populations from Benin and Nigeria, consisting of corn-strain and rice-corn-hybrid descendants, we found no strain-specific sexual communication differences. Both genotypes exhibited the same pheromone composition, consisting of around 97% (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9–14:Ac), 2% (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7–12:Ac), and 1% (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9–12:Ac), they had similar electrophysiological responses, and all mated around three hours into scotophase. However, we found geographic variation between African and American populations. The sex pheromone of African corn-strain and hybrid descendant females was similar to American rice-strain females and showed higher percentages of the male-attracting minor component Z7–12:Ac. In addition, African males exhibited the highest antennal sensitivity towards Z7–12:Ac, while American males showed highest sensitivity towards the major pheromone component Z9–14:Ac. Increasing the production of and response to the critical minor component Z7–12:Ac may reduce communication interference with other African Spodoptera species that share the same major pheromone component. The implications of our results on pheromone-based pest management strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Haenniger
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Goergen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Melanie Unbehend
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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Xie S, Vallet M, Sun C, Kunert M, David A, Zhang X, Chen B, Lu X, Boland W, Shao Y. Biocontrol Potential of a Novel Endophytic Bacterium From Mulberry ( Morus) Tree. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:488. [PMID: 32039187 PMCID: PMC6990687 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus) is an economically important woody tree that is suitable for use in sericulture as forage and in medicine. However, this broad-leaved tree is facing multiple threats ranging from phytopathogens to insect pests. Here, a Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium (ZJU1) was frequently isolated from healthy mulberry plants by screening for foliar endophytes showing antagonism against pathogens and pests. Whole-genome sequencing and annotation resulted in a genome size of 4.06 Mb and classified the bacterium as a novel strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens that has rarely been identified from tree leaves. An integrative approach combining traditional natural product chemistry, activity bioassays, and high-resolution mass spectrometry confirmed that strain ZJU1 uses a blend of antimicrobials including peptides and volatile organic compounds to oppose Botrytis cinerea, a major phytopathogenic fungus causing mulberry gray mold disease. We showed that the inoculation of endophyte-free plants with ZJU1 significantly decreased both leaf necrosis and mortality under field conditions. In addition to the direct interactions of endophytes with foliar pathogens, in planta studies suggested that the inoculation of endophytes also induced plant systemic defense, including high expression levels of mulberry disease resistance genes. Moreover, when applied to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura, ZJU1 was sufficient to reduce the pest survival rate below 50%. A previously undiscovered crystal toxin (Cry10Aa) could contribute to this insecticidal effect against notorious lepidopteran pests. These unique traits clearly demonstrate that B. amyloliquefaciens ZJU1 is promising for the development of successful strategies for biocontrol applications. The search for new plant-beneficial microbes and engineering microbiomes is therefore of great significance for sustainably improving plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Xie
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Marine Vallet
- Max Planck Fellow Group on Plankton Community Interaction, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Chao Sun
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja David
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Xiancui Zhang
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bosheng Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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Sarheed MM, Rajabi F, Kunert M, Boland W, Wetters S, Miadowitz K, Kaźmierczak A, Sahi VP, Nick P. Cellular Base of Mint Allelopathy: Menthone Affects Plant Microtubules. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:546345. [PMID: 33042176 PMCID: PMC7524878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.546345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants can use volatiles for remote suppression of competitors. Mints produce essential oils, which are known to affect the growth of other plants. We used a comparative approach to identify allelopathic compounds from different Mints (genus Mentha, but also including Cat Mint, Nepeta cataria, and Corean Mint, Agastache rugosa, belonging to sisters clades within the Mentheae) using the standard cress germination assay as readout. To understand the mechanism behind this allelopathic effect, we investigated the response of tobacco BY-2 cell lines, expressing GFP-tagged markers for microtubules and actin filaments to these essential oils. Based on the comparison between bioactivity and chemical components, we identified menthone as prime candidate for the allelopathic effect, and confirmed this bioactivity targeted to microtubules experimentally in both, plant cells (tobaccoBY-2), and seedlings (Arabidopsis thaliana). We could show that menthone disrupted microtubules and induced mortality linked with a rapid permeabilization (less than 15 min) of the plasma membrane. This mortality was elevated in a tubulin marker line, where microtubules are mildly stabilized. Our study paves the way for the development of novel bioherbicides that would be environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mahmood Sarheed
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha Wetters
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kai Miadowitz
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Vaidurya Pratap Sahi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- *Correspondence: Vaidurya Pratap Sahi, ;
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Li G, Bartram S, Guo H, Mithöfer A, Kunert M, Boland W. SpitWorm, a Herbivorous Robot: Mechanical Leaf Wounding with Simultaneous Application of Salivary Components. Plants (Basel) 2019; 8:E318. [PMID: 31480435 PMCID: PMC6784092 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Induction of jasmonate-mediated plant defense against insect herbivory is initiated by a combination of both mechanical wounding and chemical factors. In order to study both effects independently on plant defense induction, SpitWorm, a computer-controlled device which mimics the damage pattern of feeding insect larvae on leaves and, in addition, can apply oral secretions (OS) or other solutions to the 'biting site' during 'feeding,' was developed and evaluated. The amount of OS left by a Spodoptera littoralis larva during feeding on Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) leaves was estimated by combining larval foregut volume, biting rate, and quantification of a fluorescent dye injected into the larvae's foregut prior to feeding. For providing OS amounts by SpitWorm equivalent to larval feeding, dilution and delivery rate were optimized. The effectiveness of SpitWorm was tested by comparing volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions of P. lunatus leaves treated with either SpitWorm, MecWorm, or S. littoralis larvae. Identification and quantification of emitted VOCs revealed that SpitWorm induced a volatile bouquet that is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to herbivory. Additionally, RT-qPCR of four jasmonic acid responsive genes showed that SpitWorm, in contrast to MecWorm, induces the same regulation pattern as insect feeding. Thus, SpitWorm mimics insect herbivory almost identically to real larvae feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Li
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Bartram
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Natural Product Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Huijuan Guo
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstr. 11a, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Natural Product Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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Wirth S, Kunert M, Ahrens LM, Krause K, Broska S, Paetz C, Kniemeyer O, Jung EM, Boland W, Kothe E. The regulator of G-protein signalling Thn1 links pheromone response to volatile production in Schizophyllum commune. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3684-3699. [PMID: 30062773 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulator of G-protein signalling, Thn1, is involved in sexual development through pheromone signalling in the mushroom forming basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune affecting hyphal morphology and mating interactions. Thn1 plays a key role in coordinating sesquiterpene production, pheromone response and sexual development. The gene thn1 is transcriptionally regulated in response to mating with a role in clamp cell development and hydrophobin gene transcription. Further, it negatively regulates cAMP signalling and secondary metabolism. Disruption of thn1 affects dikaryotization by reducing clamp fusion and development with predominant non-fused pseudoclamps. Enhanced protein kinase A (PKA) activities in Δthn1 strains indicate that Thn1 regulates pheromone signalling by de-activating G-protein α subunits, which control cAMP-dependent PKA. The repressed formation of aerial hyphae could be linked to a reduced metabolic activity and to a transcriptional down-regulation of hyd6 and sc3 hydrophobin genes. Thn1 was also shown to be necessary for the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes and an altered spectrum of sesquiterpenes in Δthn1 is linked to transcriptional up-regulation of biosynthesis genes. Proteome analysis indicated changes in cytoskeletal structure affecting actin localization, linking the major regulator Thn1 to growth and development of S. commune. The results support a role for Thn1 in G-protein signalling connecting development and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Wirth
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marija Ahrens
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Krause
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Selina Broska
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Paetz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Leibnitz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Elke-Martina Jung
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Erika Kothe
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Neugasse 25, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Wang D, Pentzold S, Kunert M, Groth M, Brandt W, Pasteels JM, Boland W, Burse A. A subset of chemosensory genes differs between two populations of a specialized leaf beetle after host plant shift. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8055-8075. [PMID: 30250684 PMCID: PMC6145003 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its fundamental role in shaping host selection behavior, we have analyzed the chemosensory repertoire of Chrysomela lapponica. This specialized leaf beetle evolved distinct populations which shifted from the ancestral host plant, willow (Salix sp., Salicaceae), to birch (Betula rotundifolia, Betulaceae). We identified 114 chemosensory candidate genes in adult C. lapponica: 41 olfactory receptors (ORs), eight gustatory receptors, 17 ionotropic receptors, four sensory neuron membrane proteins, 32 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 12 chemosensory proteins (CSP) by RNA-seq. Differential expression analyses in the antennae revealed significant upregulation of one minus-C OBP (Clap OBP27) and one CSP (Clap CSP12) in the willow feeders. In contrast, one OR (Clap OR17), four minus-C OBPs (Clap OBP02, 07, 13, 20), and one plus-C OBP (Clap OBP32) were significantly upregulated in birch feeders. The differential expression pattern in the legs was more complex. To narrow down putative ligands acting as cues for host discrimination, the relative abundance and diversity of volatiles of the two host plant species were analyzed. In addition to salicylaldehyde (willow-specific), both plant species differed mainly in their emission rate of terpenoids such as (E,E)-α-farnesene (high in willow) or 4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (high in birch). Qualitatively, the volatiles were similar between willow and birch leaves constituting an "olfactory bridge" for the beetles. Subsequent structural modeling of the three most differentially expressed OBPs and docking studies using 22 host volatiles indicated that ligands bind with varying affinity. We suggest that the evolution of particularly minus-C OBPs and ORs in C. lapponica facilitated its host plant shift via chemosensation of the phytochemicals from birch as novel host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Stefan Pentzold
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann InstituteJenaGermany
| | | | | | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Antje Burse
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
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Freihorst D, Brunsch M, Wirth S, Krause K, Kniemeyer O, Linde J, Kunert M, Boland W, Kothe E. Smelling the difference: Transcriptome, proteome and volatilome changes after mating. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 112:2-11. [PMID: 27593501 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mushrooms, such as Schizophyllum commune, have a specific odor. Whether this is linked to mating, prerequisite for mushroom formation, or also found in monokaryotic, unmated strains, was investigated with a comprehensive study on the transcriptome and proteome of this model organism. Mating interactions were investigated using a complete, cytosolic proteome map for unmated, monokaryotic, as well as for mated, dikaryotic mycelia. The regulations of the proteome were compared to transcriptional changes upon mating and to changes in smell by volatilome studies. We could show a good overlap between proteome and transcriptome data, but extensive posttranslational regulation was identified for more than 80% of transcripts. This suggests down-stream regulation upon interaction of mating partners and formation of the dikaryon that is competent to form fruiting bodies. The volatilome was shown to respond to mating by a broader spectrum of volatiles and increased emission of the mushroom smell molecules 3-octanone and 1-octen-3-ol, as well as ethanol and β-bisabolol in the dikaryon. Putatively involved biosynthetic proteins like alcohol dehydrogenases, Ppo-like oxygenases, or sesquiterpene synthases showed correlating transcriptional regulation depending on either mono- or dikaryotic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Freihorst
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Melanie Brunsch
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sophia Wirth
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Krause
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Linde
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Erika Kothe
- Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Kunert M, Rahfeld P, Shaker KH, Schneider B, David A, Dettner K, Pasteels JM, Boland W. Inside Cover: Beetles Do It Differently: Two Stereodivergent Cyclisation Modes in Iridoid-Producing Leaf-Beetle Larvae (ChemBioChem 3/2013). Chembiochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201390005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kunert M, Rahfeld P, Shaker KH, Schneider B, David A, Dettner K, Pasteels JM, Boland W. Beetles do it differently: two stereodivergent cyclisation modes in iridoid-producing leaf-beetle larvae. Chembiochem 2013; 14:353-60. [PMID: 23341265 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Larvae of the Chrysomelina species Phaedon cochleariae, Hydrothassa marginella, Phratora vulgatissima, Gastrophysa viridula, Gastrophysa atrocyanea, Gastrophysa cyanea and Gastrophysa polygoni produce the iridoid chrysomelidial (1) to defend themselves against predators. Feeding experiments with a deuterated precursor ([(2)H(5)]8-hydroxygeraniol 9) and in vitro isotope exchange experiments with defensive secretion in (2)H(2)O revealed differences in the cyclisation of the ultimate precursor 8-oxogeranial (8) to 1, between members of the genus Gastrophysa and all other species. In P. cochleariae, H. marginella and P. vulgatissima 1 is most likely produced by a Rauhut-Currier-type cyclisation via a "transoid dienamine", with loss of a single deuterium atom from C(4) of the precursor. In contrast, members of the genus Gastrophysa cyclise 8 via a "cisoid dienamine" intermediate, with exchange of all three deuterium atoms from the methyl group at C(3). To study whether the different cyclisation modes influence the stereochemistry of 1, the absolute configuration of 1 of the larvae was determined by GC-MS on a chiral column. In accordance with literature (J. Meinwald, T. H. Jones, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 1883 and N. Shimizu, R. Yakumaru, T. Sakata, S. Shimano, Y. Kuwahara, J. Chem. Ecol. 2012, 38, 29), we found (5S,8S)-chrysomelidial (1) in H. marginella and P. vulgatissima, but P. cochleariae and all investigated members of the genus Gastrophysa synthesise (5R,8R)-chrysomelidial (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritta Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Bodemann RR, Rahfeld P, Stock M, Kunert M, Wielsch N, Groth M, Frick S, Boland W, Burse A. Precise RNAi-mediated silencing of metabolically active proteins in the defence secretions of juvenile leaf beetles. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:4126-34. [PMID: 22874750 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allomones are widely used by insects to impede predation. Frequently these chemical stimuli are released from specialized glands. The larvae of Chrysomelina leaf beetles produce allomones in gland reservoirs into which the required precursors and also the enzymes are secreted from attached gland cells. Hence, the reservoirs can be considered as closed bio-reactors for producing defensive secretions. We used RNA interference (RNAi) to analyse in vivo functions of proteins in biosynthetic pathways occurring in insect secretions. After a salicyl alcohol oxidase was silenced in juveniles of the poplar leaf beetles, Chrysomela populi, the precursor salicyl alcohol increased to 98 per cent, while salicyl aldehyde was reduced to 2 per cent within 5 days. By analogy, we have silenced a novel protein annotated as a member of the juvenile hormone-binding protein superfamily in the juvenile defensive glands of the related mustard leaf beetle, Phaedon cochleariae. The protein is associated with the cyclization of 8-oxogeranial to iridoids (methylcyclopentanoid monoterpenes) in the larval exudates made clear by the accumulation of the acylic precursor 5 days after RNAi triggering. A similar cyclization reaction produces the secologanin part of indole alkaloids in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Roberto Bodemann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Escalante-Pérez M, Jaborsky M, Lautner S, Fromm J, Müller T, Dittrich M, Kunert M, Boland W, Hedrich R, Ache P. Poplar extrafloral nectaries: two types, two strategies of indirect defenses against herbivores. Plant Physiol 2012; 159:1176-91. [PMID: 22573802 PMCID: PMC3387703 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.196014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many plant species grow extrafloral nectaries and produce nectar to attract carnivore arthropods as defenders against herbivores. Two nectary types that evolved with Populus trichocarpa (Ptr) and Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides (Ptt) were studied from their ecology down to the genes and molecules. Both nectary types strongly differ in morphology, nectar composition and mode of secretion, and defense strategy. In Ptt, nectaries represent constitutive organs with continuous merocrine nectar flow, nectary appearance, nectar production, and flow. In contrast, Ptr nectaries were found to be holocrine and inducible. Neither mechanical wounding nor the application of jasmonic acid, but infestation by sucking insects, induced Ptr nectar secretion. Thus, nectaries of Ptr and Ptt seem to answer the same threat by the use of different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silke Lautner
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, D–97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (M.E.-P., M.J., R.H., P.A.)
- University Hamburg, Zentrum Holzwirtschaft, D–21031 Hamburg, Germany (S.L., J.F.)
- University Würzburg, Bioinformatics Department, Am Hubland/Biozentrum, D–97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (T.M., M.D.)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.K., W.B.); and
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.H.)
| | - Jörg Fromm
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, D–97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (M.E.-P., M.J., R.H., P.A.)
- University Hamburg, Zentrum Holzwirtschaft, D–21031 Hamburg, Germany (S.L., J.F.)
- University Würzburg, Bioinformatics Department, Am Hubland/Biozentrum, D–97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (T.M., M.D.)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.K., W.B.); and
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.H.)
| | - Tobias Müller
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, D–97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (M.E.-P., M.J., R.H., P.A.)
- University Hamburg, Zentrum Holzwirtschaft, D–21031 Hamburg, Germany (S.L., J.F.)
- University Würzburg, Bioinformatics Department, Am Hubland/Biozentrum, D–97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (T.M., M.D.)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.K., W.B.); and
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.H.)
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, D–97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (M.E.-P., M.J., R.H., P.A.)
- University Hamburg, Zentrum Holzwirtschaft, D–21031 Hamburg, Germany (S.L., J.F.)
- University Würzburg, Bioinformatics Department, Am Hubland/Biozentrum, D–97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (T.M., M.D.)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.K., W.B.); and
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.H.)
| | - Maritta Kunert
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, D–97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (M.E.-P., M.J., R.H., P.A.)
- University Hamburg, Zentrum Holzwirtschaft, D–21031 Hamburg, Germany (S.L., J.F.)
- University Würzburg, Bioinformatics Department, Am Hubland/Biozentrum, D–97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (T.M., M.D.)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.K., W.B.); and
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.H.)
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, D–97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (M.E.-P., M.J., R.H., P.A.)
- University Hamburg, Zentrum Holzwirtschaft, D–21031 Hamburg, Germany (S.L., J.F.)
- University Würzburg, Bioinformatics Department, Am Hubland/Biozentrum, D–97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (T.M., M.D.)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.K., W.B.); and
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.H.)
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- University Würzburg, Biozentrum, Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, D–97082 Wuerzburg, Germany (M.E.-P., M.J., R.H., P.A.)
- University Hamburg, Zentrum Holzwirtschaft, D–21031 Hamburg, Germany (S.L., J.F.)
- University Würzburg, Bioinformatics Department, Am Hubland/Biozentrum, D–97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (T.M., M.D.)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (M.K., W.B.); and
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia (R.H.)
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Tolzin-Banasch K, Dagvadorj E, Sammer U, Kunert M, Kirsch R, Ploss K, Pasteels JM, Boland W. Glucose and Glucose Esters in the Larval Secretion of Chrysomela Lapponica; Selectivity of the Glucoside Import System from Host Plant Leaves. J Chem Ecol 2011; 37:195-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-011-9913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kunert M, David A, Becher J, Boland W. Volatile sampling from biological sources by the closed-loop-stripping technique. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010; 2009:pdb.prot5233. [PMID: 20147191 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot5233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maritta Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Ulbricht LJ, Kunert M, Gremmler B, Mönkemüller K. Intragastric balloons for obesity: sometimes "a water bomb waiting to explode". Endoscopy 2010; 42:345; author reply 346. [PMID: 20354946 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1244023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Burse A, Frick S, Discher S, Tolzin-Banasch K, Kirsch R, Strauss A, Kunert M, Boland W. Always being well prepared for defense: the production of deterrents by juvenile Chrysomelina beetles (Chrysomelidae). Phytochemistry 2009; 70:1899-1909. [PMID: 19733867 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In response to herbivores, plants produce a variety of natural compounds. Many beetle species have developed ingenious strategies to cope with these substances, including colonizing habitats not attractive for other organisms. Leaf beetle larvae of the subtribe Chrysomelina, for example, sequester plant-derived compounds and use them for their own defense against predators. Using systematically modified structural mimics of plant-derived glucosides, we demonstrated that all tested Chrysomelina larvae channel compounds from the gut lumen into the defensive glands, where they serve as intermediates in the synthesis of deterrents. Detailed studies of the sequestration process revealed a functional network of transport processes guiding phytochemicals through the larval body. The initial uptake by the larvae's intestine seems to be fairly unspecific, which contrasts sharply with the specific import of precursors into the defensive glands. The Malpighian tubules and hind-gut organs facilitate the rapid clearing of body fluid from excess or unusable compounds. The network exists in both sequestering species and species producing deterrents de novo. Transport proteins are also required for de novo synthesis to channel intermediates from the fat body to the defensive glands for further conversion. Thus, all the tools needed to exploit host plants' chemistry by more derived Chrysomelina species are already developed by iridoid-de novo producers. Early intermediates from the iridoid-de novo synthesis which also can be sequestered are able to regulate the enzyme activity in the iridoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Burse
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Jena, Germany.
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Kunert M, Søe A, Bartram S, Discher S, Tolzin-Banasch K, Nie L, David A, Pasteels J, Boland W. De novo biosynthesis versus sequestration: a network of transport systems supports in iridoid producing leaf beetle larvae both modes of defense. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 38:895-904. [PMID: 18687400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the larval chrysomelines the de novo synthesis of monoterpenoids (iridoids) is believed to represent the ancestral state in the evolution of chemical defenses. Here we demonstrate that the iridoid producing larvae of Plagiodera versicolora and Phratora laticollis have the potential to sequester precursors from food. In nature, iridoids may even have a dual origin, namely plant-derived and de novo produced. The ability to sequester plant-derived precursors was proved by (i) (13)C-labelling of the terpenoids in the food plant, (ii) by larval feeding on leaves impregnated with analogs and labelled putative precursors for iridoid biosynthesis; and (iii) by injection of the precursors into the hemolymph followed by mass spectroscopic analysis of their distribution in the hemolymph, defensive secretion, and faeces. The experimental findings support a network of transport systems which allows a broader range of glucosides to enter and to leave the hemocoel, while only the appropriate precursor, 8-hydroxygeraniol-8-O-beta-d-glucoside, is channelled to the reservoir and processed to iridoids. The dual system of de novo biosynthesis and sequestration of phytogenic precursors may have favoured the larvae to shift from one host plant to another without losing their defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritta Kunert
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Jena, Germany
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Arimura GI, Köpke S, Kunert M, Volpe V, David A, Brand P, Dabrowska P, Maffei ME, Boland W. Effects of feeding Spodoptera littoralis on lima bean leaves: IV. Diurnal and nocturnal damage differentially initiate plant volatile emission. Plant Physiol 2008; 146:965-73. [PMID: 18165324 PMCID: PMC2259069 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Continuous mechanical damage initiates the rhythmic emission of volatiles in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) leaves; the emission resembles that induced by herbivore damage. The effect of diurnal versus nocturnal damage on the initiation of plant defense responses was investigated using MecWorm, a robotic device designed to reproduce tissue damage caused by herbivore attack. Lima bean leaves that were damaged by MecWorm during the photophase emitted maximal levels of beta-ocimene and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate in the late photophase. Leaves damaged during the dark phase responded with the nocturnal emission of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, but with only low amounts of beta-ocimene; this emission was followed by an emission burst directly after the onset of light. In the presence of (13)CO(2), this light-dependent synthesis of beta-ocimene resulted in incorporation of 75% to 85% of (13)C, demonstrating that biosynthesis of beta-ocimene is almost exclusively fueled by the photosynthetic fixation of CO(2) along the plastidial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-P pathway. Jasmonic acid (JA) accumulated locally in direct response to the damage and led to immediate up-regulation of the P. lunatus beta-ocimene synthase gene (PlOS) independent of the phase, that is, light or dark. Nocturnal damage caused significantly higher concentrations of JA (approximately 2-3 times) along with enhanced expression levels of PlOS. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana transformed with PlOS promoter :: beta-glucuronidase fusion constructs confirmed expression of the enzyme at the wounded sites. In summary, damage-dependent JA levels directly control the expression level of PlOS, regardless of light or dark conditions, and photosynthesis is the major source for the early precursors of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-P pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-ichiro Arimura
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Burse A, Frick S, Schmidt A, Buechler R, Kunert M, Gershenzon J, Brandt W, Boland W. Implication of HMGR in homeostasis of sequestered and de novo produced precursors of the iridoid biosynthesis in leaf beetle larvae. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 38:76-88. [PMID: 18070667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Insects employ iridoids to deter predatory attacks. Larvae of some Chrysomelina species are capable to produce those cyclopentanoid monoterpenes de novo. The iridoid biosynthesis proceeds via the mevalonate pathway to geranyl diphospate (GDP) subsequently converted into 8-hydroxygeraniol-8-O-beta-D-glucoside followed by the transformation into the defensive compounds. We tested whether the glucoside, its aglycon or geraniol has an impact on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), the key regulatory enzyme of the mevalonate pathway and also the iridoid biosynthesis. To address the inhibition site of the enzyme, initially a complete cDNA encoding full length HMGR was cloned from Phaedon cochleariae. Its catalytic portion was then heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Purification and characterization of the recombinant protein revealed attenuated activity in enzyme assays by 8-hydroxygeraniol whereas no effect has been observed by addition of the glucoside or geraniol. Thus, the catalytic domain is the target for the inhibitor. Homology modeling of the catalytic domain and docking experiments demonstrated binding of 8-hydroxygeraniol to the active site and indicated a competitive inhibition mechanism. Iridoid producing larvae are potentially able to sequester glucosidically bound 8-hydroxygeraniol whose cleavage of the sugar moiety results in 8-hydroxygeraniol. Therefore, HMGR may represent a regulator in maintenance of homeostasis between de novo produced and sequestered intermediates of iridoid metabolism. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HMGR activity is not only diminished in iridoid producers but most likely prevalent within the Chrysomelina subtribe and also within the insecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Burse
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
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Krüger F, Schwartz R, Kunert M, Friese K. Methods to calculate sedimentation rates of floodplain soils in the middle region of the Elbe River. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aheh.200400628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kunert M. Profound bilateral renal artery stenosis due to arteriosclerosis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-922046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kunert M, Gremmler B, Schleiting H, Ulbricht LJ. Use of FemoStop system for arterial puncture site closure after coronary angioplasty. J Invasive Cardiol 2004; 16:240-2. [PMID: 15152127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Different protocols exist concerning the method and timing of post-coronary angioplasty arterial puncture site closure. Easy handling and good effectiveness are well-documented for the Femostop femoral artery compression system; however, no hard data exist concerning the relationship between heparin anticoagulation level and femoral artery compression time (FSCT). Thus, we prospectively randomized 267 patients after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) into two groups [group A (n=137) had early sheath removal 6 to 8 hours after PTCA; group B (n=130) had late sheath removal 14 to 16 hours after PTCA] and analyzed the dependence of the FSCT on the heparin anticoagulation level (aPTT) and the incidence of vagal reactions and puncture site complications. FSCT was significantly longer in group A (69+/-27 minutes versus 45+/-15 minutes; p<0.001) with high heparin anticoagulation level (aPTT, 88+/-46 seconds) in comparison to group B with low heparinization (aPTT, 59+/-34 seconds). Vagal reactions occurred more frequently in group A (15.3% versus 10.0%; p<0.01) and the incidence of minor hemorrhage at the arterial puncture site was also increased (9.5% versus 3.1%; p<0.05). In the clinical setting of intensive heparin anticoagulation and early sheath removal after PTCA (<8 hours), the FemoStop system cannot be recommended due to prolonged femoral artery compression times.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kunert
- Department of Cardiology, Marienhospital Bottrop, Germany.
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Kunert M, Biedermann A, Koch T, Boland W. Ultrafast sampling and analysis of plant volatiles by a hand-held miniaturised GC with pre-concentration unit: Kinetic and quantitative aspects of plant volatile production. J Sep Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20020701)25:10/11<677::aid-jssc677>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gremmler B, Kunert M, Schleiting H, Ulbricht LJ. Improvement of cardiac output in patients with severe heart failure by use of ACE-inhibitors combined with the AT1-antagonist eprosartan. Eur J Heart Fail 2000; 2:183-7. [PMID: 10856732 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-9842(00)00060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of ACE-inhibitor therapy is well documented in the treatment of chronic heart failure. As pharmacological mechanisms of ACE-inhibition and angiotensin II AT1-receptor-antagonists differ, an additional positive effect concerning left ventricular function can be expected in combining both classes of drugs. METHODS Twenty patients (64.9+/-8.5 years) with advanced chronic heart failure (NYHA class III) receiving long-term medication with digitalis, diuretics and ACE-inhibitors were randomized to either eprosartan (540+/-96 mg/day) or placebo, according to a blinded protocol. Hemodynamic measurements by impedance cardiography were performed at baseline and after 8.85+/-1. 5 days of study medication treatment. RESULTS Additional treatment with eprosartan resulted in a higher cardiac output than in the control group (P<0.05). While in the active treatment group cardiac output increased significantly from baseline (2.27-3.24 l/min, P=0. 039), there was no change in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The additional treatment with the AT1-receptor antagonist eprosartan, given to severe heart failure patients, who received digitalis, diuretics and ACE-inhibitors, resulted in a beneficial effect by increasing cardiac output. This effect may be due to eprosartan's additional property of blocking the autocrine interaction of locally and not ACE-generated angiotensin II with their respective vascular and myocardial AT1-receptors as well as the influence on prejunctional AT1-receptors located on sympathetic nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gremmler
- Department of Cardiology, Marienhospital, Josef-Albers-Strasse 70, D 46236, Bottrop, Germany
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Bräuer M, Kunert M, Dinjus E, Klußmann M, Döring M, Görls H, Anders E. Evaluation of the accuracy of PM3, AM1 and MNDO/d as applied to zinc compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(99)00401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kunert M, Scheuble L, Stolzenburg H, Gülker H. [Value of K+ and Mg2+ in treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. Herz 1997; 22 Suppl 1:63-72. [PMID: 9333594 DOI: 10.1007/bf03042657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A critical role analysis of literature concerning the effects of intravenous magnesium on arrhythmias and mortality in acute myocardial infarction shows discrepant results and often inappropriate methods. So far neither an antiarrhythmic efficacy nor prophylactic effects with respect to mortality could be demonstrated. In contrast, potassium substitution should be performed in the setting of acute myocardial infarction with documented hypokalemia (K+ < 3.5 mmol/l) because of increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. According to the documented results of the trials reviewed in this article no recommendations for the routine use of magnesium in myocardial infarction can be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kunert
- Herzzentrum Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke
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Török T, Kardos A, Rudas L, Paprika D, McLuckie A, Beale RJ, Bihari D, Keller H, Seltzer N, Weimer A, Menning H, Ulrich P, Staedt U, Kirschstein W, Kasai T, Endo S, Arakawa N, Sato N, Suzuki T, Taniguchi S, Inada K, Hiramori K, Schmidt W, Meineke I, Nottrott M, Frerichs I, Müller S, Hellige G, De Blasio E, De Sio A, Sibilio G, Papa A, Golia D, Grassia V, Bove G, Zehelgruber M, Mundigler G, Christ G, Merhaut C, Klaar U, Kratochwill C, Hofmann S, Siostrzonek P, Suarez F, Corrales M, Rábago R, Gonzalez-Arenas P, Morales R, Sanchez J, Fraile J, Rey M, Martinell J, Niederst PN, Mellwig KP, Schmidt HK, Gleichmann U, Körfer R, Di Bartolomeo S, Bertolissi M, Nardi G, De Monte A, Janssens U, Ochs JG, Klues HG, Hanrath P, Sajjanhar T, Tibby SM, Hatherill M, Anderson D, Murdoch IA, Krivec B, Voga G, Žuran I, Skale R, Parežnik R, Podbregar M, Bonnefoy E, Chevalier P, Kirkorian G, Guidolet J, Marchand A, Bouchayer D, Marcaz PB, Touboul P, Welte T, Molling J, Jepsen MS, Claus G, Klein H, Cinnella G, Dambrosio M, Brienza N, Conte M, Maggiore SM, Leone AM, Brienza A, DiVenere N, Vandewoude K, Poelaert J, Vogelaers D, Garcia RB, Buylaert W, Roosens C, Colardyn F, Annane D, Béllissant E, Pussard E, Asmar R, Lacombe F, Lanata E, Madonna O, Safar M, Giudicelli JF, Raphael JC, Gajdos P, Mattys M, Dumont L, Annaert JF, Mardirosoff C, Goldstein J, Verbeet T, Massaut J, Haas NA, Uhlemann F, Daehnert I, Berger F, Stiller B, Dittrich S, Schulze-Neick I, Eweit P, Lange PE, Langenherp CJM, Pietersen H, Geskes G, Wagenmakers A, Soeters P, Maggiorini M, Brimioulle S, Lejeune P, Delcroix M, Vermeulen F, Stephanazzi J, Naeije R, Kunert M, Stolzenburg H, Scheuble L, Emmerich K, Ulbricht LJ, Krakau I, Gülker H, Broch MJ, Valentín V, Murcia B, Bartual E, Málaga A, Miralles LL, Valls F, Wallin CJ, Sidenö B, Vaage J, Leksell LG, Stuchlinger HG, Seidler D, Hollenstein U, Janata K, Muellner M, Loeffler W, Gamper G, Bur A, Malzer R, Laggner AN, Hirschl MM, Binder M, Herkner H, Bur A, Laggner AN, Turani F, Ceraso C, Lironcurti A, Senesi P, Leonardis C, Sabato AF, Pietersen HG, Langenberg CJM, Geskes G, Wagenmakers AJM, de Lange S, Soeters PB, Royira A, Oussedik L, Cambray C, Glmeno C, Cerda M, Sanchez MA, Lesmes A, Guerrero M, Vigil E, Ortega F, Lucena F, Righini ER, Alvisi R, Marangoni E, Gritti G, Ordóñez A, Hernández A, Pérez-Bernal J, Hinojosa R, Borrego JM, Franco A, López-Barneo J, Pérez-Bernal J, Gutiérrez E, Hinojosa R, Hernández A, Borrego JM, Cerro J, Rincón D, Ordóñez A, Martin R, Saussine M, Sany CL, Calvet B, Raison D, Frapier JM, Wallin CJ, Olsson Å, Nordländer R, Leksell LG, Vasilkov V, Safronov A, Marinchev V, Rodrigues AC, Moraes A, Galas F, Angelim V, Medeiros C, Auler JO, Bellotti G, Pilleggi F, Carmona MJ, Messias ERR, Joseph D, Baigorri F, Artigas A, Blanch L, Wagner F, Dandel M, Günther G, Schulze-Neick I, Weng Y, Loebe M, Hetzer R, Colreavy F, Balea M, Cahalan M, Carpintero JL, de la Fuente MC, Estecha MA, Molina JM, del Fresno LR, Daga D, Toro R, Poullet A, de la Torre MV, Garcia AJ, Michalopoulos A, Rellos K, Skambas D, Liakopoulos O, Geroulanos S. Posters. Intensive Care Med 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03216414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sieler J, Kunert M, Dinjus E. Structural variations of sodium phenolate with different donor ligands. Acta Crystallogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767396081317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kunert M, Sorgenicht R, Scheuble L, Ketteler T, Lürken E, Meyer I, Müller A, Emmerich K, Gülker H. -Value of activated blood coagulation time in monitoring anticoagulation during coronary angioplasty-. Z Kardiol 1996; 85:118-24. [PMID: 8650981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Accurate heparin anticoagulation assessment is important to prevent complications (hemorrhage, thrombotic coronary occlusion) during and after coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Paired ACT-, aPTT- and prothrombin time (PT) measurements have not been studied after PTCA using a high dose heparin management. For that reason we analyzed in 150 consecutive patients (115 m., 35 f., 61 +/- 10 y.) immediately after PTCA and at the time of arterial sheath removal aPTT-(Neothromtin, Behring), PT- (Thromborel S, Behring) and ACT-(HR-ACT, HemoTec) values after application of 20,000 U of heparin (5,000 U intravenous, 15,000 U intracoronary) followed by a heparin-infusion (15,000-25,000 U/24 h). Immediately after PTCA in all patients a aPTT above the upper limit of >180 s was found. The average postprocedural ACT was 330 +/- 82 s. Only 9 patients showed an ACT below 200 s. All coronary reocclusions (n = 3) immediately after PTCA occurred in this group. Arterial sheaths were removed 13 +/- 3 h after PTCA. The incidence of minor peripheral bleeding complications at that time was 21% and was related to the anticoagulation level. Major bleeding complications requiring transfusion were noted in only one case. Our findings suggest that after high dose heparinization for PTCA the ACT test provides a reliable and broad range for the assessment of heparin anticoagulation. In contrast to the aPTT the ACT is ideally suited to determine the dosage of heparin infusion and the time of arterial sheath removal after PTCA. ACT measurements are superior to aPTT measurements in heparin anticoagulation assessment during and direct after PTCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kunert
- Medizinische Klinik B, Kardiologie Herzzentrum Wuppertal Universität Witten-Herdecke
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Walther D, Ritter U, Ge�ler S, Sieler J, Kunert M. CO2-Transfer durch Metallphenolate: N-Methyl-?-carolactam/Natriumphenolat als selektives Reagenz f�r Carboxylierungsreaktionen. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19946200116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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