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Salazar-Campos J, Salazar-Campos O, Gálvez-Ruiz O, Gavidia-Chávez H, Gavidia-Chávez M, Irigoin-Guevara L, Obregón-Domínguez J. Functional Properties and Acceptability of Potentially Medicinal Tea Infusions Based on Equisetum arvense, Desmodium molliculum, and Mentha piperita. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:444-452. [PMID: 38188091 PMCID: PMC10764227 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.4.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural herbal teas are one of the three most consumed beverages in the world, and despite their frequent use in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries, there is still much to about them. This study aimed to determine the functional properties of tea infusions made from dried Equisetum arvense (EA), Desmodium molliculum (DM), and Mentha piperita (M) grown in the Peruvian Andes. Next, using a simplex design with unrestricted centroid amplified centroid, 12 combinations were obtained for the combination of dried leaves with EA: 0∼100%, DM: 0∼100%, and M: 0∼100% optimal combination of EA: 6.59%, DM: 84.62%, and M: 8.79% maximizes functional components for total polyphenols (2,831.18 mg EAG/100 g), flavonoids (37.73 mg CAT/g), and antioxidant capacity (145.99 μmol Trolox/g). It can be confirmed that dried mixtures of these plants made into tea are a significant source of bioactive molecules, have a tolerable flavor, and can be used for therapeutic purposes when consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johonathan Salazar-Campos
- Centro de Experimentación e Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, Cajamarca 06121, Perú
| | - Orlando Salazar-Campos
- Escuela de Ingeniería de Software, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Perú
| | - Osmar Gálvez-Ruiz
- Dirección de Incubadora de Empresas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, Cajamarca 06121, Perú
| | - Herlita Gavidia-Chávez
- Dirección de Incubadora de Empresas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, Cajamarca 06121, Perú
| | - Mery Gavidia-Chávez
- Dirección de Incubadora de Empresas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, Cajamarca 06121, Perú
| | - Lorena Irigoin-Guevara
- Dirección de Incubadora de Empresas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, Cajamarca 06121, Perú
| | - Jesús Obregón-Domínguez
- Departamento de Procesamiento de la Información, Data Engineering Perú, Trujillo 13009, Perú
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Long T, Hu R, Cheng Z, Xu C, Hu Q, Liu Q, Gu R, Huang Y, Long C. Ethnobotanical study on herbal tea drinks in Guangxi, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:10. [PMID: 37004116 PMCID: PMC10064729 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal tea drinks, different from classical Camellia beverages, are a wide variety of herbal drinks consumed for therapeutic purposes or health promotion. Herbal tea is widely consumed in Guangxi. However, the documentation on the plants for herbal tea and their related health benefits is still limited. METHODS An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in 52 villages and 21 traditional markets in Guangxi from 2016 to 2021. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, and structured questionnaires were applied to obtain ethnobotanical information of herbal tea, in which 463 informants had participated. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) and cultural food significance index (CFSI) were used to evaluate the most culturally significant herbal tea plants, and informant consensus factor (ICF) was applied to assess the agreement among informants. RESULTS This study recorded 155 herbal tea species belonging to 49 families. The most commonly used parts included leaf (27.61%), whole plant (22.09%), branch and leaf (19.02%), and flower (13.50%). The most frequent preparation method of herbal tea was decoction. Herbal tea was very popular in Guangxi, attributing to its therapeutic value, special odor, and good taste. There are 41 health benefits classified into eight categories. Among them, clearing heat was the most medicinal effects. Local people had high consistency in tonic, removing cold and cough, improving blood circulation, and clearing heat away. Based on CFSI values of each species, the most culturally significant herbal tea species were Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey ex A. M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang, Plantago asiatica L., Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Pholidota chinensis Lindl., and Morus alba L. CONCLUSION Herbal tea is a valuable heritage that carries the local people's traditional knowledge, like health care and religious belief. The recorded herbal tea species in this study possess tremendous potential for local economic development in the future. Further research on efficacy evaluation and product development of herbal tea species is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Long
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Renchuan Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Commission of Ethnic Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuangui Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Qimin Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ronghui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning, 530022, China.
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Commission of Ethnic Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Pyrzanowska J. The toxic contaminants of Aspalathus linearis plant material as well as herb-drug interactions may constitute the health risk factors in daily rooibos tea consumers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:129-142. [PMID: 34823434 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.2009780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rooibos tea is brewed using Aspalathus linearis plant material sensitive to environmental contamination. This review covers the safety data from preclinical experiments as well as human studies and delivers a report on its hepatic activity. In vitro tea investigation reveals antioxidative and anti-mutagenic features and ability to modulate microsomal enzymes. In rodent research, it exerts protective or neutral impact on liver functions and morphology, yet several human case reports suggest possible acute hepatic damage. Summarizing rooibos consumption seems to be safe in terms of hepatotoxicity; however, there may be designated a group of consumers with higher risk of liver irritation. The contamination of plant material may contribute to herb-induced liver injury. Due to the impact on CYPs, there is a possible risk of herb-drug interactions affecting bioavailability of some co-administered medicines. Caution should be exercised in patients receiving the treatment with allopathic medicines to avoid untoward alteration of drug plasma concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Warsaw, Poland
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Gence L, Fernezelian D, Bringart M, Veeren B, Christophe A, Brion F, Meilhac O, Bascands JL, Diotel N. Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. Medicinal Plant: Potential Toxicity and Therapeutic Effects Based on a Zebrafish Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832928. [PMID: 35359845 PMCID: PMC8963451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. (H. lanceolatum) is a traditional medicinal plant from Reunion Island used for its pleiotropic effects mainly related to its antioxidant activity. The present work aimed to 1) determine the potential toxicity of the plant aqueous extract in vivo and 2) investigate its putative biological properties using several zebrafish models of oxidative stress, regeneration, estrogenicity, neurogenesis and metabolic disorders. First, we characterized the polyphenolic composition by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and identified chlorogenic acid isomers, quercetin and kaempferol derivatives as the major compounds. We then evaluated for the first time the toxicity of an aqueous extract of H. lanceolatum and determined a maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) in zebrafish eleutheroembryos from 0 to 96 hpf following OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) guidelines. This MNTC test was also determined on hatched eleutheroembryos after 2 days of treatment (from 3 to 5 dpf). In our study, the anti-estrogenic effects of H. lanceolatum are supported by the data from the EASZY assay. In a tail amputation model, we showed that H. lanceolatum at its MNTC displays antioxidant properties, favors immune cell recruitment and tissue regeneration. Our results also highlighted its beneficial effects in metabolic disorders. Indeed, H. lanceolatum efficiently reduces lipid accumulation and body mass index in overfed larva- and adult-models, respectively. In addition, we show that H. lanceolatum did not improve fasting blood glucose levels in a hyperglycemic zebrafish model but surprisingly inhibited neurogenesis impairment observed in diabetic conditions. In conclusion, our study highlights the antioxidant, pro-regenerative, anti-lipid accumulation and pro-neurogenic effects of H. lanceolatum in vivo and supports the use of this traditional medicinal plant as a potential alternative in the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gence
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Danielle Fernezelian
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Matthieu Bringart
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Bryan Veeren
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Armelle Christophe
- Unité D’Écotoxicologie des Substances et des Milieux (ESMI), Institut National de L’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - François Brion
- Unité D’Écotoxicologie des Substances et des Milieux (ESMI), Institut National de L’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
- *Correspondence: Jean-Loup Bascands, ; Nicolas Diotel,
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, Diabéte athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
- *Correspondence: Jean-Loup Bascands, ; Nicolas Diotel,
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Patten GS, Abeywardena MY, Bennett LE. Inhibition of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin II Receptor Blocking, and Blood Pressure Lowering Bioactivity across Plant Families. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:181-214. [PMID: 24915402 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.651176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, kidney disease, and stroke. Interest in medicinal or nutraceutical plant bioactives to reduce hypertension has increased dramatically. The main biological regulation of mammalian blood pressure is via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The key enzyme is angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that converts angiotensin I into the powerful vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II binds to its receptors (AT1) on smooth muscle cells of the arteriole vasculature causing vasoconstriction and elevation of blood pressure. This review focuses on the in vitro and in vivo reports of plant-derived extracts that inhibit ACE activity, block angiotensin II receptor binding and demonstrate hypotensive activity in animal or human studies. We describe 74 families of plants that exhibited significant ACE inhibitory activity and 16 plant families with potential AT1 receptor blocking activity, according to in vitro studies. From 43 plant families including some of those with in vitro bioactivity, the extracts from 73 plant species lowered blood pressure in various normotensive or hypertensive in vivo models by the oral route. Of these, 19 species from 15 families lowered human BP when administered orally. Some of the active plant extracts, isolated bioactives and BP-lowering mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen S Patten
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Mahinda Y Abeywardena
- a CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Louise E Bennett
- b CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee , Victoria , British Columbia , Australia
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Zeng Y, Deng M, Lv Z, Peng Y. Evaluation of antioxidant activities of extracts from 19 Chinese edible flowers. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:315. [PMID: 25013750 PMCID: PMC4082252 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracts of 19 selected edible flowers were investigated for their free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), polyphenolic contents and flavonoid contents in the paper. The results showed the extracts of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and Rosa rugosa Thunb. possessed obviously stronger DPPH FRSA (94.221 ± 0.102; 93.739 ± 0.424 and 94.244 ± 0.163%, respectively), superoxide FRSA (55.818 ± 1.518; 52.142 ± 1.374 and 57.321 ± 0.608%, respectively), hydroxyl FRSA (85.872 ± 0.873; 89.307 ± 0.803 and 88.560 ± 0.277%, respectively) and polyphenolic contents (96.208 ± 0.689; 87.938 ± 1.187 and 92.164 ± 0.799 mg CE/g, respectively) that were superior or comparable to black and green teas. Polyphenolic contents did correlate well with DPPH FRSA (r = 0.943, P < 0.01), superoxide FRSA (r = 0.833, P < 0.01), and hydroxyl FRSA (r = 0.500, P < 0.05). It indicated that this potent FRSA may be attributed to its phenolic compounds. These findings showed that the tested flowers could be considered as new sources of safe natural antioxidants and preservatives of food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zeng
- />Department of Food and Bio-engineering, Guangdong Light Industry Technical College, Guangzhou, 510300 Guangdong China
| | - Maocheng Deng
- />Department of Food and Bio-engineering, Guangdong Light Industry Technical College, Guangzhou, 510300 Guangdong China
- />Centre of Guangdong Higher Education of Engineering and Technological Development of Speciality Condiments, Guangdong Light Industry Technical College, Guangzhou, 510300 Guangdong China
| | - Zhencheng Lv
- />Department of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007 Guangdong China
| | - Yonghong Peng
- />Department of Life Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007 Guangdong China
- />College of Life Science, Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 Guangdong China
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Liu Y, Ahmed S, Long C. Ethnobotanical survey of cooling herbal drinks from southern China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2013; 9:82. [PMID: 24354903 PMCID: PMC3926322 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-9-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liáng chá ("cooling tea", "herbal tea" or "cool tisane" in Chinese) are herbal drinks widely produced in southern China and consumed by billions of people worldwide to prevent and treat internal heat as well as a range of associated health conditions. Globalization and renewed interest in botanical remedies has attracted growing attention in cooling herbal drinks by industry, scientists and consumers. However, there is a knowledge gap on the plant species used and commercialized for cooling herbal drinks in southern China and their associated ethnobotanical use, habitat and conservation status. This is the first study to document plant species used and commercialized as liáng chá in southern China's Lingnan region and associated ethnomedical function, preparation methods, habitat and conservation status. METHODS Three hundred market surveys were conducted between 2010-2012 in the largest herbal drink producing region of China to record plants used for liáng chá and to document knowledge on their medicinal function, habitat and conservation status. Product samples and voucher specimens were collected for taxonomic identification. RESULTS All informants harvest and cultivate plants for preparing herbal drinks for their medicinal, cultural and economic values. A total of 222 ethnotaxa corresponded to 238 botanical taxa (species, varieties or subspecies) belonging to 86 families and 209 genera were recorded as liáng chá to treat health conditions in the study area. Recorded remedies consisted of one or several plant species to treat conditions classified into 27 major health conditions with clearing internal heat being the most common medicinal function. The habitat types of plants documented for use as liáng chá include 112 wild harvested species, 51 species that are either wild harvested or cultivated, 57 cultivated species, and 2 naturalized species. According to China's Red List and CITES on conservation status, one of these species is endangered, one species is critically endangered, eight species are vulnerable, one is listed in CITES II, three are listed in Regional Red Data Book and the remaining 224 species are in the least concerned conservation category. CONCLUSIONS The liáng chá industry of southern China reflects the plant species richness and cultural diversity of the region. Future research on safety and efficacy of herbal drinks as well as ecological and cultural conservation efforts are needed for the sustainable growth of China's botanical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Selena Ahmed
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Zhao J, Deng J, Chen Y, Li S. Advanced phytochemical analysis of herbal tea in China. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:2-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kapp K, Hakala E, Orav A, Pohjala L, Vuorela P, Püssa T, Vuorela H, Raal A. Commercial peppermint (Mentha×piperita L.) teas: Antichlamydial effect and polyphenolic composition. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Evaluation of metal concentrations in mentha herbal teas (Mentha piperita, Mentha pulegium and Mentha species) by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 71:11-7. [PMID: 22906691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phytopharmaceuticals are gaining popularity worldwide; however, cases of adverse effects and drug interactions have also increased. One reason is in the high metal content both as ingredients but also as contaminants. Metal monitoring in food, like herbal teas, provides basic information on safety aspects in regulatory processes as well as nutritional values. In the present work, Cd, Pb, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Li, Ni, and Mo were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICPS) in 36 samples of Mentha sp. Mint tea bags and loose leaves were randomly obtained from supermarkets, traditional markets, herbal stores, and pharmacies in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). Metal contents varied significantly, dependent on the stores the products were purchased in and on tea packaging (loose leaves versus tea bags). Pb analyses revealed levels (0.65±0.71mg/kg) below legal limits. The maximum permissible limit for Cd, 0.3mg/kg, set by the WHO for medicinal plants, was exceeded by 19.44% of the samples (0.22±0.13mg/kg), but all values were below the limit given in the European Pharmacopoeia for this metal (4mg/kg). We observed high Al (151.24±162.73mg/kg) and Li (5.46±3.94mg/kg) levels. B, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Mo mean levels were 20.51, 14.15, 0.26, 1.65, 10.65, 406.00, 55.05, 1.72, 33.67, and 0.73mg/kg, respectively. Mean Ca, Mg, K, and Na were detected in concentrations of 10.32, 3.83, 7.23 and 1.17g/kg, respectively. In conclusion, metal exposure through herbal mint teas does not seem to be of health concern, as to most of the studied metals, but regulatory limits for Al contents should be imposed.
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A new approach for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in some potential pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants by using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 681:33-40. [PMID: 21035600 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, but sensitive and selective method for simultaneous screening and quantification of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) by ultra performance liquid-chromatography (UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) on a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQ-MS) is described. This was accomplished by incorporating the precursor ion scan (PIS) acquisition and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition in the same UPLC-MS/MS run. Notably, the developed PIS approach for detecting two pairs of characteristic product ions at m/z 120/138 or 168/150, allowed specific identification of toxic retronecine and otonecine types PAs. This PIS method is highly sensitive with over 10-fold sensitivity improvement upon previously published LC-MS method. Moreover, this new approach is suitable for high sample throughput and was applied to the screening and quantifying toxic PAs in 22 samples collected from seven Parasenecio species and four Senecio species. In addition, coupling the MRM with PIS approach generated quantitative results equivalent to those obtained by conventional MRM-only approach. This coupled MRM with PIS approach could provide both qualitative and quantitative results without the need of repetitive analyses.
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Kohno H, Kouda K, Tokunaga R, Sonoda Y. Detection of estrogenic activity in herbal teas by in vitro reporter assays. Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-006-0506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zaffani S, Cuzzolin L, Benoni G. Herbal products: behaviors and beliefs among Italian women. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2006; 15:354-9. [PMID: 16329162 DOI: 10.1002/pds.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of phytotherapy is growing worldwide, but the popular perception is that this kind of approach is natural and therefore safer than traditional medicine; for this reason the use is frequently not communicated to the doctor. Instead, even if many herbal remedies are benign in nature, some of these therapies have potentially harmful side effects or adverse interactions with other medications. So, the purpose of our study was to analyze the behavior patterns and decision-making modalities about herbal remedy use among a sample of Italian women. METHODS During a 5-month period, interviews to women attending the outpatient ambulatory of an urban university general hospital were made on the basis of a pre-structured 25-item questionnaire. RESULTS Among a random study population of 1,044 subsequent patients, 491 women (47.03%) reported to have been taking one or more herbal products in the last year, sometimes used during pregnancy or given to their children (35.23%). The 10 most frequently used herbal products reported were propolis, aloe, valerian root, blueberry, fennel, dandelion, mallow, arnica, thyme, and Echinacea. The major purposes for using these products were to stimulate the immune system and to cure respiratory problems. 47/491 (9.57%) women reported side effects, but only 36% referred to the doctor. In most of the cases, herbal products were taken in combination with drugs (44.61%) or homeopathic treatments (11.81%). The majority of our women did not obtain information about this kind of therapy from a health care provider (72.71%). CONCLUSIONS The present survey highlights the general use of phytomedicines by a sample of Italian women, the potential risk of their confidence with the 'natural world,' and the lack of discussion on this argument with doctors and pharmacists. This suggests the importance of training for health care providers and the need of informational programs for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Zaffani
- Department of Medicine & Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Mroczek T, Baj S, Chrobok A, Glowniak K. Screening for pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant materials by electron ionization RP-HPLC-MS with thermabeam interface. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 18:745-51. [PMID: 15386579 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Plant samples from leaves of Cerinthe minor, Cynoglossum clandestinum, Echium tuberculatum (as well roots), Eritrichium rupestre, Lithospermum purpureo-coerulem, Nonnea lutea, Nonnea setosa, Onosma stellulatum and Cynoglossum amabile were screened for toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) with a newly elaborated procedure comprising gradient HPLC with diode array (DAD) and thermabeam electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS). Dried plant material was extracted with boiling 1% tartaric acid in methanol for 2 h on an electric basket and crude extracts purified with cation-exchange solid phase extraction (CE-SPE). Purified extracts containing alkaloids were separated on Zorbax SB RP18 stationary phase in gradient of 0.1% formic acid in methanol. The flow rate was 0.25 mL/min and was suitable both for DAD and EI MS detections. Applied gradient procedure permitted quite sufficient separation of PAs in various plant extracts. On the basis of EI MS spectra, toxic PAs with unsaturated 1,2-double bond in the necine moiety were found in all plant materials and in nine of them (excluding only Cynoglossum amabile) for the fi rst time. They included the following types of structures: 9- and 7-viridifloryl-retronecine monoesters, 9-angeloyl-7-viridifloryl-retronecine, 9-angeloyl-retronecine diester, 9-viridifloryl-retronecine saturated ester, 7-angeloyl-9-viridifloryl-retronecine, 7-angeloyl-9-echimidinyl-retronecine, trachelanthamine and others. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) chromatograms at m/z 119, 120 and 136 together with analysis of UV spectra from DAD detector can be applied in rapid screening for toxic PAs in new plant extracts but to obtain detailed structural information (molecular weight and stereochemistry) more expensive hyphenation is required. Consumption of all analysed plants should be avoided as carcinogenic and hepatotoxic properties of the alkaloids detected are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Laboratory, Medical University, 1 Chod6kiźSt, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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González de Mejía E, Ramírez-Mares MV, Arce-Popoca E, Wallig M, Villa-Treviño S. Inhibition of liver carcinogenesis in Wistar rats by consumption of an aqueous extract from leaves of Ardisia compressa. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:509-16. [PMID: 14871594 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2003.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2003] [Accepted: 10/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the chemopreventive effect of an aqueous extract of dried leaves of Ardisia compressa against liver cancer. A rat liver assay that mimics progressive forms of human disease was used as a carcinogenesis model. Forty-five male Wistar rats (180-200 g body weight) were injected intraperitoneally on day 1 with a single dose (100 mg/kg) of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and also received via gavage 20 mg/kg acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), on days 7, 8 and 9. The rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=15). Control groups (Group 1 and Group 2) had free access to water. Group 3 received 0.5% (w/v) of A. compressa tea for 10 days before treatment and during the study as the sole source of fluid until the rats were killed. A fourth group of 15 rats received no carcinogen or promoter but did receive 0.5%, (w/v) of A. compressa tea. All animals had 70% partial hepatectomy at day 10. The incidences of hepatocellular foci, nodules and carcinoma were significantly smaller in Group 3 than in Group 2 (P<0.01). A. compressa tea consumption alone (Group 4) did not induce the development of foci, nodules or carcinomas (P<0.01). The striking observation of this study was that consumption of A. compressa tea resulted in complete inhibition of the chemically-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E González de Mejía
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 228 ERML, M/C 051, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Fu PP, Xia Q, Lin G, Chou MW. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids—Genotoxicity, Metabolism Enzymes, Metabolic Activation, and Mechanisms. Drug Metab Rev 2004; 36:1-55. [PMID: 15072438 DOI: 10.1081/dmr-120028426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants are widely distributed in the world and are probably the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. Because of their abundance and potent toxicities, the mechanisms by which pyrrolizidine alkaloids induce genotoxicities, particularly carcinogenicity, were extensively studied for several decades but not exclusively elucidated until recently. To date, the pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced genotoxicities were revealed to be elicited by the hepatic metabolism of these naturally occurring toxins. In this review, we present updated information on the metabolism, metabolizing enzymes, and the mechanisms by which pyrrolizidine alkaloids exert genotoxicity and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Fu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA.
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de Mejía EG, Ramírez-Mares MV. Leaf extract from Ardisia compressa protects against 1-nitropyrene-induced cytotoxicity and its antioxidant defense disruption in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicology 2002; 179:151-62. [PMID: 12204551 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Herbal tea preparations of Ardisia compressa (AC) have been used in folk medicine against liver disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro protective effect of an aqueous extract of dry leaves of AC on 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) induced cytotoxicity on rat hepatocytes. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), antioxidant enzyme activities (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) and glutathione levels were studied. After 2 h of incubation, 0.25 microg/ml of 1-NP had an approximately 50% cytotoxic effect on hepatocytes. This environmental toxicant also increased malondialdehyde (77%), and glutathione peroxidase (46%), producing a significant consumption of endogenous antioxidant glutathione. (-)Epigallocatechin 3-gallato (EGCG) and AC decreased the viability of hepatocytes after 2 h of incubation at concentrations above 3 microg/ml and 2.52 microg, equivalents of (+)catechin/ml, respectively. A 100% hepatocyte protection was observed when cells were first exposed to AC (2.52 microg, equivalents of (+)catechin/ml), and then followed by 1-NP (0.25 microg/ml). Cells incubated with AC, either simultaneously or before treatment with 1-NP, were protected 75 and 84%, respectively. Cell protection of AC was superior to EGCG. Addition of AC to 1-NP (1:10) modulated superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities (P<0.005), as well as the cellular level of GSH. The results indicate that AC has an antioxidant protective effect on rat hepatocytes when exposed to 1-NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira González de Mejía
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico.
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Mroczek T, Glowniak K, Wlaszczyk A. Simultaneous determination of N-oxides and free bases of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by cation-exchange solid-phase extraction and ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 949:249-62. [PMID: 11999741 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cation-exchange solid-phase extraction using LiChrolut SCX (Merck, Darmstadt) cartridges filled with polymeric strong cation-exchanger enabled efficient isolation of both N-oxides and free bases of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). The recoveries were about 80% for retrorsine-N-oxide, 90% for retrorsine and 100% for senkirkine and were assessed both by TLC-densitometry and ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (HPIPC) on Hypersil BDS C8 stationary phase and hexane-l-sulfonic acid as ion-pairing agent. The applied HPIPC gradient procedure was suitable for separation of PAs with various types of structures (N-oxides, free bases, otonecine-PAs). The method limits of detection and quantitation, respectively, ranged from 0.06 ng/microl (senecionine) and 0.2 ng/microl (senkirkine) to 0.1 and 0.35 ng/microl for retrorsine-N-oxide. For each component calibrated by linear regression method, correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9995 (six-point calibration from 4 to 100 microg/ml). The elaborated procedure was used in searching for PAs in plant derived samples from Symphytum sp. (comfrey), Petasites hybridus and Petasites albus (butterbur), Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot), Emilia coccinea (tassel flower) and Doronicum columnae (leopard's bane). For the last three samples macrocyclic PAs (senecionine, senecionine-N-oxide. senkirkine) have been detected for the first time. Details of precision of the analyses are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
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Marnewick JL, Gelderblom WC, Joubert E. An investigation on the antimutagenic properties of South African herbal teas. Mutat Res 2000; 471:157-66. [PMID: 11080671 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(00)00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The antimutagenic properties of South African herbal teas were investigated using the Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay. Aqueous extracts of fermented and unfermented rooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush tea (Cyclopia intermedia) both possess antimutagenic activity against 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1))-induced mutagenesis using tester strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence of metabolic activation. A far less inhibitory effect was noticed against the direct acting mutagens, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), cumolhydroperoxide (CHP), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) using TA102, a strain designed to detect oxidative mutagens and carcinogens. Depending on the mutagen used, the unfermented tea exhibited the highest protective effect. A similar response regarding the protection against mutagenesis was obtained when utilising different variations of the double layer Salmonella assay. The double layer technique proved to be more effective to detect the protective effect of the different tea preparations against the direct acting mutagens. With respect to indirect mutagens, the highest protection was noticed when the carcinogen was metabolically activated in the presence of the tea extract as compared with when the tea extract was incubated in a separate layer with the bacteria. The current data suggest that two mechanisms seem to be involved in the antimutagenicity of the tea extracts towards carcinogens that require metabolic activation: (i) the tea components may interfere with cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of these mutagens and (ii) the direct interaction between the tea constituents, presumably the polyphenolic compounds, with the promutagens and/or the active mutagenic metabolites. However, the mild and/or lack of protection and in some cases even enhancement of mutagenesis induced by direct acting or oxidative mutagens, provide new perspectives regarding the role of the polyphenolic compounds known to exhibit antioxidant properties, in the protection against mutagenesis in the Salmonella assay. The present study provides the first evidence on the antimutagenic activity of honeybush tea and further evidence on the antimutagenicity of rooibos tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Marnewick
- Programme on Mycotoxins and Experimental Carcinogenesis, Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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Protection of extract from leaves of Ardisia compressa against benomyl-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 1999; 13:889-96. [DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2333(99)00071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/1999] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Treatments used in complementary medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-6080(99)80053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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