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Ritzell AD, Hernández F, Edwards JT, Montalvo A, Wester DB, Grahmann ED, Rollins D, Stewart KG, Smith RA, Woodard D, Brennan LA. Quail and rain in semiarid rangelands: Does management matter? J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alec D. Ritzell
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville 78363 TX USA
| | - Fidel Hernández
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville 78363 TX USA
| | - John T. Edwards
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville 78363 TX USA
| | | | - David B. Wester
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville 78363 TX USA
| | - Eric D. Grahmann
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville 78363 TX USA
| | - Dale Rollins
- Rolling Plains Quail Research Foundation Roby 79543 TX USA
| | - Kristyn G. Stewart
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville 78363 TX USA
| | - Rachel A. Smith
- American Bird Conservancy and the Natural Resources Conservation Service Redlands 92373 CA USA
| | - D. Abraham Woodard
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville 78363 TX USA
| | - Leonard A. Brennan
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville 78363 TX USA
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2
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Spatially Explicit Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping for Participatory Modeling of Stormwater Management. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Addressing “wicked” problems like urban stormwater management necessitates building shared understanding among diverse stakeholders with the influence to enact solutions cooperatively. Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) are participatory modeling tools that enable diverse stakeholders to articulate the components of a socio-environmental system (SES) and describe their interactions. However, the spatial scale of an FCM is rarely explicitly considered, despite the influence of spatial scale on SES. We developed a technique to couple FCMs with spatially explicit survey data to connect stakeholder conceptualization of urban stormwater management at a regional scale with specific stormwater problems they identified. We used geospatial data and flooding simulation models to quantitatively evaluate stakeholders’ descriptions of location-specific problems. We found that stakeholders used a wide variety of language to describe variables in their FCMs and that government and academic stakeholders used significantly different suites of variables. We also found that regional FCM did not downscale well to concerns at finer spatial scales; variables and causal relationships important at location-specific scales were often different or missing from the regional FCM. This study demonstrates the spatial framing of stormwater problems influences the perceived range of possible problems, barriers, and solutions through spatial cognitive filtering of the system’s boundaries.
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Ocón JP, Ibanez T, Franklin J, Pau S, Keppel G, Rivas-Torres G, Shin ME, Gillespie TW. Global tropical dry forest extent and cover: A comparative study of bioclimatic definitions using two climatic data sets. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252063. [PMID: 34015004 PMCID: PMC8136719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a debate concerning the definition and extent of tropical dry forest biome and vegetation type at a global spatial scale. We identify the potential extent of the tropical dry forest biome based on bioclimatic definitions and climatic data sets to improve global estimates of distribution, cover, and change. We compared four bioclimatic definitions of the tropical dry forest biome-Murphy and Lugo, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), DryFlor, aridity index-using two climatic data sets: WorldClim and Climatologies at High-resolution for the Earth's Land Surface Areas (CHELSA). We then compared each of the eight unique combinations of bioclimatic definitions and climatic data sets using 540 field plots identified as tropical dry forest from a literature search and evaluated the accuracy of World Wildlife Fund tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest ecoregions. We used the definition and climate data that most closely matched field data to calculate forest cover in 2000 and change from 2001 to 2020. Globally, there was low agreement (< 58%) between bioclimatic definitions and WWF ecoregions and only 40% of field plots fell within these ecoregions. FAO using CHELSA had the highest agreement with field plots (81%) and was not correlated with the biome extent. Using the FAO definition with CHELSA climatic data set, we estimate 4,931,414 km2 of closed canopy (≥ 40% forest cover) tropical dry forest in 2000 and 4,369,695 km2 in 2020 with a gross loss of 561,719 km2 (11.4%) from 2001 to 2020. Tropical dry forest biome extent varies significantly based on bioclimatic definition used, with nearly half of all tropical dry forest vegetation missed when using ecoregion boundaries alone, especially in Africa. Using site-specific field validation, we find that the FAO definition using CHELSA provides an accurate, standard, and repeatable way to assess tropical dry forest cover and change at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pando Ocón
- Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Ibanez
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Janet Franklin
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Pau
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States of America
| | - Gunnar Keppel
- UniSA STEM and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Rivas-Torres
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Instituto de Geografía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Michael Edward Shin
- Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Welch Gillespie
- Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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Hersperger AM, Grădinaru SR, Pierri Daunt AB, Imhof CS, Fan P. Landscape ecological concepts in planning: review of recent developments. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2021; 36:2329-2345. [PMID: 34720410 PMCID: PMC8549942 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-021-01193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Landscape ecology as an interdisciplinary science has great potential to inform landscape planning, an integrated, collaborative practice on a regional scale. It is commonly assumed that landscape ecological concepts play a key role in this quest. OBJECTIVES The aim of the paper is to identify landscape ecological concepts that are currently receiving attention in the scientific literature, analyze the prevalence of these concepts and understand how these concepts can inform the steps of the planning processes, from goal establishment to monitoring. METHODS We analyzed all empirical and overview papers that have been published in four key academic journals in the field of landscape ecology and landscape planning in the years 2015-2019 (n = 1918). Title, abstract and keywords of all papers were read in order to identify landscape ecological concepts. A keyword search was applied to identify the use of these and previously mentioned concepts in common steps of the planning cycle. RESULTS The concepts Structure, Function, Change, Scale, Landscape as human experience, Land use, Landscape and ecosystem services, Green infrastructure, and Landscape resilience were prominently represented in the analyzed literature. Landscape ecological concepts were most often mentioned in context of the landscape analysis steps and least in context of goal establishment and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS The current literature spots landscape ecological concepts with great potential to support landscape planning. However, future studies need to address directly how these concepts can inform all steps in the planning process. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version of this article (10.1007/s10980-021-01193-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Hersperger
- Head of Land Use Systems Group, Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Simona R. Grădinaru
- Centre for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Beatriz Pierri Daunt
- Head of Land Use Systems Group, Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Carole S. Imhof
- Land Change Science Research Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peilei Fan
- School of Planning, Design, and Construction and Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
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5
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Hernández F. Ecological Discord and the Importance of Scale in Scientific Inquiry. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fidel Hernández
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University‐Kingsville Kingsville TX 78363 USA
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6
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Mertes K, Jarzyna MA, Jetz W. Hierarchical multi-grain models improve descriptions of species' environmental associations, distribution, and abundance. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02117. [PMID: 32154624 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of species' environmental niches and spatial distribution predictions based on them are now central to much of ecology and conservation, but implicitly requires decisions about the appropriate spatial scale (i.e., grain) of analysis. Ecological theory and empirical evidence suggest that range-resident species respond to their environment at two characteristic, hierarchical spatial grains: (1) response grain, the (relatively fine) grain at which an individual uses environmental resources, and (2) occupancy grain, the (relatively coarse) grain equivalent to a typical home range. We use a multi-grain (MG) occupancy model, aided by fine-grain remotely sensed imagery, to simultaneously estimate species-environment associations at both grains, conduct grain optimization to measure response grain, and apply this analysis framework to an example species: a medium-sized bird (Tockus deckeni) in a heterogeneous East African landscape. Based on home range analysis of movement data, we calculate an occupancy grain of 1 km for T. deckeni. Using a grain optimization procedure across 32 grains from 10 to 500 m, we identify 60 m as the most strongly supported response grain for a suite of environmental variables, slightly coarser than opportunistic behavioral observations would have suggested. Validation confirms that the accuracy of the optimized MG occupancy model substantially exceeds that of equivalent single-grain (SG) occupancy models. We further use a simulation approach to assess the potential impacts of accounting for the multi-scale structure of species' environmental requirements on estimates of population size. We find that the more strongly supported MG approach consistently predicts a minimum population size in the study landscape that is much lower than that provided by the SG model. This suggests that SG approaches commonly used in conservation applications could lead to overly optimistic abundance and population estimates, and that the MG approach may be more appropriate for supporting species conservation goals. More generally, we conclude that multi-grain approaches of the sort presented, and increasingly enabled by growing high-resolution remotely sensed data, hold great promise for offering a more mechanistic framework for assessing the appropriate grain(s) for population monitoring and management and enable more reliable estimates of abundances and species' distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Mertes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA
| | - Marta A Jarzyna
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, SL5 7PY, Ascot, Berks, United Kingdom
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7
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Shahrestani S, Bi H, Liang D, Lankowicz K, Fan C. Multi‐scale spatial dynamics of the Chesapeake Bay nettle,
Chrysaora chesapeakei. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Shahrestani
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons Maryland 20688 USA
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons Maryland 20688 USA
| | - Dong Liang
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons Maryland 20688 USA
| | - Katelynn Lankowicz
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons Maryland 20688 USA
| | - Chunlei Fan
- Patuxent Environmental & Aquatic Research Laboratory Morgan State University Saint Leonard Maryland 20685 USA
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8
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Bosch M. PyLandStats: An open-source Pythonic library to compute landscape metrics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225734. [PMID: 31805157 PMCID: PMC6894873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the spatial pattern of landscapes has become a common task of many studies in landscape ecology. Most of the existing software to compute landscape metrics is not well suited to be used in interactive environments such as Jupyter notebooks nor to be included as part of automated computational workflows. This article presents PyLandStats, an open-source Pythonic library to compute landscape metrics within the scientific Python stack. The PyLandStats package provides a set of methods to quantify landscape patterns, such as the analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns of land use/land cover change or zonal analysis. The implementation is based on the prevailing Python libraries for geospatial data analysis in a way that they can be forthwith integrated into complex computational workflows. Notably, the provided methods offer a large variety of options so that users can employ PyLandStats in the way that best supports their needs. The source code is publicly available, and is organized in a modular object-oriented structure that enhances its maintainability and extensibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Bosch
- Urban and Regional Planning Community (CEAT), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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9
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Soranno PA, Wagner T, Collins SM, Lapierre JF, Lottig NR, Oliver SK. Spatial and temporal variation of ecosystem properties at macroscales. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1587-1598. [PMID: 31347258 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although spatial and temporal variation in ecological properties has been well-studied, crucial knowledge gaps remain for studies conducted at macroscales and for ecosystem properties related to material and energy. We test four propositions of spatial and temporal variation in ecosystem properties within a macroscale (1000 km's) extent. We fit Bayesian hierarchical models to thousands of observations from over two decades to quantify four components of variation - spatial (local and regional) and temporal (local and coherent); and to model their drivers. We found strong support for three propositions: (1) spatial variation at local and regional scales are large and roughly equal, (2) annual temporal variation is mostly local rather than coherent, and, (3) spatial variation exceeds temporal variation. Our findings imply that predicting ecosystem responses to environmental changes at macroscales requires consideration of the dominant spatial signals at both local and regional scales that may overwhelm temporal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Soranno
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan St. University, 480 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tyler Wagner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, 402 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sarah M Collins
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Lapierre
- Department of Biological Science, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Noah R Lottig
- Trout Lake Research Station, Univ. of Wisconsin, 3110 Trout Lake Station Drive, Boulder Junction, WI, 54512, USA
| | - Samantha K Oliver
- Upper Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI, 53562, USA
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10
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Wills TJ, Read J. Sampling grain influences trends in vegetation composition and diversity with time since fire in Australian heathland. AUSTRAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Wills
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
- Natural Resources; GHD; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jennifer Read
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
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11
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Gao N, Zhou J, Zhang X, Cai W, Guan T, Jiang L, Du H, Yang D, Cong Z, Zheng Y. Correlation between vegetation and environment at different levels in an arid, mountainous region of China. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5482-5492. [PMID: 28770084 PMCID: PMC5528220 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetation patterns and spatial organization are influenced by the changing environmental conditions and human activities. However, the effect of environment on vegetation at different vegetation classification levels has been unclear. We conducted an analysis to explore the relationship between environment and vegetation in the land use/land cover (LULC), vegetation group, vegetation type, and formation and subformation levels using redundancy analysis with seven landscape metrics and 33 environmental factors in the upper reaches of the Heihe River basin in an arid area of China to clarify this uncertainty. Atmospheric counter radiation was the most important factor at the four levels. The effect of soil was the second determinant factor at three levels (except in vegetation formation and subformation level). The number of variables whose relationship to vegetation reached significant levels varied from 26 to 28, and 20 variables were the same at all four levels. The factors affecting vegetation were basically the same at vegetation group level and vegetation‐type level. It was sufficient to analyze the relationship between environmental and vegetation patterns only in LULC, vegetation group and vegetation formation and subformation level in mountainous regions; different factors should be considered at different vegetation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants Beijing Botanical Garden West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants Beijing Botanical Garden West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants Beijing Botanical Garden West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants Beijing Botanical Garden West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Tianyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants Beijing Botanical Garden West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lianhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants Beijing Botanical Garden West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hui Du
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants Beijing Botanical Garden West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dawen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Zhentao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Yuanrun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Plants Beijing Botanical Garden West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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13
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Howland BW, Stojanovic D, Gordon IJ, Fletcher D, Snape M, Stirnemann IA, Lindenmayer DB. Habitat preference of the striped legless lizard: Implications of grazing by native herbivores and livestock for conservation of grassland biota. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett W. A. Howland
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; ANU College of Medicine, Biology & Environment; Frank Fenner Building, # 141, The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia
| | - Dejan Stojanovic
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; ANU College of Medicine, Biology & Environment; Frank Fenner Building, # 141, The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia
| | - Iain J. Gordon
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; ANU College of Medicine, Biology & Environment; Frank Fenner Building, # 141, The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia
- The James Hutton Institute; Dundee UK
| | - Don Fletcher
- Conservation Research; Environment and Planning Directorate; Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Melissa Snape
- Conservation Research; Environment and Planning Directorate; Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Ingrid A. Stirnemann
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; ANU College of Medicine, Biology & Environment; Frank Fenner Building, # 141, The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; ANU College of Medicine, Biology & Environment; Frank Fenner Building, # 141, The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia
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14
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Yao H, Qian X, Yin H, Gao H, Wang Y. Regional risk assessment for point source pollution based on a water quality model of the Taipu River, China. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2015; 35:265-277. [PMID: 25109941 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Point source pollution is one of the main threats to regional environmental health. Based on a water quality model, a methodology to assess the regional risk of point source pollution is proposed. The assessment procedure includes five parts: (1) identifying risk source units and estimating source emissions using Monte Carlo algorithms; (2) observing hydrological and water quality data of the assessed area, and evaluating the selected water quality model; (3) screening out the assessment endpoints and analyzing receptor vulnerability with the Choquet fuzzy integral algorithm; (4) using the water quality model introduced in the second step to predict pollutant concentrations for various source emission scenarios and analyzing hazards of risk sources; and finally, (5) using the source hazard values and receptor vulnerability scores to estimate overall regional risk. The proposed method, based on the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP), was applied in the region of the Taipu River, which is in the Taihu Basin, China. Results of source hazard and receptor vulnerability analysis allowed us to describe aquatic ecological, human health, and socioeconomic risks individually, and also integrated risks in the Taipu region, from a series of risk curves. Risk contributions of sources to receptors were ranked, and the spatial distribution of risk levels was presented. By changing the input conditions, we were able to estimate risks for a range of scenarios. Thus, the proposed procedure may also be used by decisionmakers for long-term dynamic risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Geography, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
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15
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Grêt-Regamey A, Weibel B, Bagstad KJ, Ferrari M, Geneletti D, Klug H, Schirpke U, Tappeiner U. On the effects of scale for ecosystem services mapping. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112601. [PMID: 25549256 PMCID: PMC4280228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems provide life-sustaining services upon which human civilization depends, but their degradation largely continues unabated. Spatially explicit information on ecosystem services (ES) provision is required to better guide decision making, particularly for mountain systems, which are characterized by vertical gradients and isolation with high topographic complexity, making them particularly sensitive to global change. But while spatially explicit ES quantification and valuation allows the identification of areas of abundant or limited supply of and demand for ES, the accuracy and usefulness of the information varies considerably depending on the scale and methods used. Using four case studies from mountainous regions in Europe and the U.S., we quantify information gains and losses when mapping five ES - carbon sequestration, flood regulation, agricultural production, timber harvest, and scenic beauty - at coarse and fine resolution (250 m vs. 25 m in Europe and 300 m vs. 30 m in the U.S.). We analyze the effects of scale on ES estimates and their spatial pattern and show how these effects are related to different ES, terrain structure and model properties. ES estimates differ substantially between the fine and coarse resolution analyses in all case studies and across all services. This scale effect is not equally strong for all ES. We show that spatially explicit information about non-clustered, isolated ES tends to be lost at coarse resolution and against expectation, mainly in less rugged terrain, which calls for finer resolution assessments in such contexts. The effect of terrain ruggedness is also related to model properties such as dependency on land use-land cover data. We close with recommendations for mapping ES to make the resulting maps more comparable, and suggest a four-step approach to address the issue of scale when mapping ES that can deliver information to support ES-based decision making with greater accuracy and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Grêt-Regamey
- Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Weibel
- Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth J. Bagstad
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, P.O. Box 25046, MS 980, Denver, Colorado, 80225, United States of America
| | - Marika Ferrari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Geneletti
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Hermann Klug
- Interfaculty Department of Geoinformatics – Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Schillerstr. 30, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Uta Schirpke
- Institute for Alpine Environment, EURAC research, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrike Tappeiner
- Institute for Alpine Environment, EURAC research, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Cunningham RB, Lindenmayer DB, Crane M, Michael DR, Barton PS, Gibbons P, Okada S, Ikin K, Stein JAR. The law of diminishing returns: woodland birds respond to native vegetation cover at multiple spatial scales and over time. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ross B. Cunningham
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Mason Crane
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Damian R. Michael
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Philip S. Barton
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Philip Gibbons
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Sachiko Okada
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Karen Ikin
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - John A. R. Stein
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
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Optimizing Spatial Resolution of Imagery for Urban Form Detection—The Cases of France and Vietnam. REMOTE SENSING 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/rs3102128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Meliker JR, Goovaerts P, Jacquez GM, Avruskin GA, Copeland G. Breast and prostate cancer survival in Michigan: can geographic analyses assist in understanding racial disparities? Cancer 2009; 115:2212-21. [PMID: 19365825 PMCID: PMC2722931 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial disparities in survival from breast and prostate cancer are well established; however, the roles of societal/socioeconomic factors and innate/genetic factors in explaining the disparities remain unclear. One approach for evaluating the relative importance of societal and innate factors is to quantify how the magnitude of racial disparities changes according to the geographic scales at which data are aggregated. Disappearance of racial disparities for some levels of aggregation would suggest that modifiable factors not inherent at the individual level are responsible for the disparities. METHODS The Michigan Cancer Surveillance Program compiled a dataset from 1985 to 2002 that included 124,218 breast cancer cases and 120,615 prostate cancer cases with 5-year survival rates of 78% and 75%, respectively. Absolute and relative differences in survival rates for whites and blacks were quantified across different geographic scales using statistics that adjusted for population size to account for the small numbers problem common with minority populations. RESULTS Whites experienced significantly higher survival rates for prostate and breast cancer compared with blacks throughout much of southern Michigan in analyses conducted using federal House legislative districts; however, in smaller geographic units (state House legislative districts and community-defined neighborhoods), disparities diminished and virtually disappeared. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest that modifiable societal factors are responsible for apparent racial disparities in breast and prostate cancer survival observed at larger geographic scales. This research presents a novel strategy for taking advantage of inconsistencies across geographic scales to evaluate the relative importance of innate and societal-level factors in explaining racial disparities in cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymie R Meliker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Atauri Mezquida JA, De Lucio Fernández JV, Muñoz Yangüas MA. A framework for designing ecological monitoring programs for protected areas: a case study of the Galachos del Ebro Nature Reserve (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2005; 35:20-33. [PMID: 15984061 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-003-0051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of management effectiveness in protected areas, i.e., the evaluation of whether management strategies are actually helping to achieve stated goals, is becoming a priority. In any such evaluation, accurate information concerning the dynamics of the managed system is required-information that is gathered through monitoring. Few protected areas, however, have well-developed monitoring plans, and reserve managers are faced with a shortage of protocols for their design. This paper proposes a methodology, applicable to a wide range of situations, for designing such plans. The process begins with the precise definition of the aims of the monitoring plan, followed by the identification of key ecological processes and management objectives for the area, and finally the selection of a reduced set of indicators. These indicators are represented at three levels of growing complexity, allowing the plan to be followed in a modular fashion and in agreement with available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Atauri Mezquida
- Departamento Interunivesitario de Ecologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.
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Fischer J, Lindenmayer DB, Cowling A. The challenge of managing multiple species at multiple scales: reptiles in an Australian grazing landscape. J Appl Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effects of land-use change on nutrient discharges from the Patuxent River watershed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02695965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rustad LE, Melillo JM, Mitchell MJ, Fernandez IJ, Steudler PA, McHale PJ. Effects of Soil Warming on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-1256-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Chen J, Saunders SC, Crow TR, Naiman RJ, Brosofske KD, Mroz GD, Brookshire BL, Franklin JF. Microclimate in Forest Ecosystem and Landscape Ecology. Bioscience 1999. [DOI: 10.2307/1313612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kotliar NB. Scale dependency and the expression of hierarchical structure in Delphinium patches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00044636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Box EO. Factors determining distributions of tree species and plant functional types. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00044676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Marmonier P, Dole-Olivier MJ, Creuz Ch??telliers MÉD. Spatial distribution of interstitial assemblages in the floodplain of the rh??ne river. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/rrr.3450070110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Forman RTT, Moore PN. Theoretical Foundations for Understanding Boundaries in Landscape Mosaics. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2804-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Musick HB, Grover HD. Image Textural Measures as Indices of Landscape Pattern. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4244-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Turner MG, Gardner RH. Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology: An Introduction. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4244-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Graham RL, Turner MG, Dale VH. How Increasing CO2and Climate Change Affect Forests. Bioscience 1990. [DOI: 10.2307/1311298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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