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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R, Reutter W. Metabolic Glycoengineering with N-Acyl Side Chain Modified Mannosamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9482-512. [PMID: 27435524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In metabolic glycoengineering (MGE), cells or animals are treated with unnatural derivatives of monosaccharides. After entering the cytosol, these sugar analogues are metabolized and subsequently expressed on newly synthesized glycoconjugates. The feasibility of MGE was first discovered for sialylated glycans, by using N-acyl-modified mannosamines as precursor molecules for unnatural sialic acids. Prerequisite is the promiscuity of the enzymes of the Roseman-Warren biosynthetic pathway. These enzymes were shown to tolerate specific modifications of the N-acyl side chain of mannosamine analogues, for example, elongation by one or more methylene groups (aliphatic modifications) or by insertion of reactive groups (bioorthogonal modifications). Unnatural sialic acids are incorporated into glycoconjugates of cells and organs. MGE has intriguing biological consequences for treated cells (aliphatic MGE) and offers the opportunity to visualize the topography and dynamics of sialylated glycans in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo (bioorthogonal MGE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Wratil
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hollystrasse 1, 06114, Halle, Germany.
| | - Werner Reutter
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Wratil PR, Horstkorte R, Reutter W. Metabolisches Glykoengineering mitN-Acyl-Seiten- ketten-modifizierten Mannosaminen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Wratil
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Rüdiger Horstkorte
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie; Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Hollystraße 1 06114 Halle Deutschland
| | - Werner Reutter
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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Saeui CT, Urias E, Liu L, Mathew MP, Yarema KJ. Metabolic glycoengineering bacteria for therapeutic, recombinant protein, and metabolite production applications. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:425-41. [PMID: 25931032 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic glycoengineering is a specialization of metabolic engineering that focuses on using small molecule metabolites to manipulate biosynthetic pathways responsible for oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate production. As outlined in this article, this technique has blossomed in mammalian systems over the past three decades but has made only modest progress in prokaryotes. Nevertheless, a sufficient foundation now exists to support several important applications of metabolic glycoengineering in bacteria based on methods to preferentially direct metabolic intermediates into pathways involved in lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, or capsule polysaccharide production. An overview of current applications and future prospects for this technology are provided in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esteban Urias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lingshu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 5029 Robert H. & Clarice Smith Building, 400 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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Colley KJ, Kitajima K, Sato C. Polysialic acid: biosynthesis, novel functions and applications. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 49:498-532. [PMID: 25373518 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.976606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As an anti-adhesive, a reservoir for key biological molecules, and a modulator of signaling, polysialic acid (polySia) is critical for nervous system development and maintenance, promotes cancer metastasis, tissue regeneration and repair, and is implicated in psychiatric diseases. In this review, we focus on the biosynthesis and functions of mammalian polySia, and the use of polySia in therapeutic applications. PolySia modifies a small subset of mammalian glycoproteins, with the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, serving as its major carrier. Studies show that mammalian polysialyltransferases employ a unique recognition mechanism to limit the addition of polySia to a select group of proteins. PolySia has long been considered an anti-adhesive molecule, and its impact on cell adhesion and signaling attributed directly to this property. However, recent studies have shown that polySia specifically binds neurotrophins, growth factors, and neurotransmitters and that this binding depends on chain length. This work highlights the importance of considering polySia quality and quantity, and not simply its presence or absence, as its various roles are explored. The capsular polySia of neuroinvasive bacteria allows these organisms to evade the host immune response. While this "stealth" characteristic has made meningitis vaccine development difficult, it has also made polySia a worthy replacement for polyetheylene glycol in the generation of therapeutic proteins with low immunogenicity and improved circulating half-lives. Bacterial polysialyltransferases are more promiscuous than the protein-specific mammalian enzymes, and new studies suggest that these enzymes have tremendous therapeutic potential, especially for strategies aimed at neural regeneration and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Colley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL , USA and
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Sato C, Kitajima K. Disialic, oligosialic and polysialic acids: distribution, functions and related disease. J Biochem 2013; 154:115-36. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvt057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Synthesis of mimetic peptides containing glucosamine. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1997-2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bork K, Horstkorte R, Weidemann W. Increasing the sialylation of therapeutic glycoproteins: The potential of the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:3499-508. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hossany BR, Johnston BD, Wen X, Borrelli S, Yuan Y, Johnson MA, Pinto BM. Design, synthesis, and immunochemical characterization of a chimeric glycopeptide corresponding to the Shigella flexneri Y O-polysaccharide and its peptide mimic MDWNMHAA. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1412-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bork K, Gagiannis D, Orthmann A, Weidemann W, Kontou M, Reutter W, Horstkorte R. Experimental approaches to interfere with the polysialylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule in vitro and in vivo. J Neurochem 2007; 103 Suppl 1:65-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hossany RB, Johnson MA, Eniade AA, Pinto BM. Synthesis and immunochemical characterization of protein conjugates of carbohydrate and carbohydrate-mimetic peptides as experimental vaccines. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:3743-54. [PMID: 15186860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Accepted: 03/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The peptides DRPVPY and MDWNMHAA, which were identified as mimics of the cell-surface polysaccharides of Streptococcus Group A and Shigella flexneri Y, respectively, were used in this study to develop experimental vaccines directed against these two bacteria. Both oligopeptides were synthesized employing the Fmoc solid-phase strategy and linked via the amino end to a bifunctional linker, diethylsquarate. These adducts were then conjugated to the two carrier proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tetanus toxoid (TT) to yield the peptide conjugate vaccines. The average level of incorporation of DRPVPY and MDWNMHAA on TT was 65% and 75%, respectively, whereas that of both peptide haptens on BSA was 100%. A polysaccharide conjugate against S. flexneri Y, which comprises about 10 tetrasaccharide repeating units, was also prepared based on reductive amination at the reducing end with 1,3-diaminopropane, followed by coupling of the aminated polysaccharide to diethylsquarate, and subsequent coupling of the adduct to TT. An average incorporation of 73% of polysaccharide haptens was achieved. The glycoconjugate and the oligopeptide conjugates were shown to bind effectively to the respective monoclonal antibodies directed against the cell-surface polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana B Hossany
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
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Johnson MA, Pinto BM. Saturation-transfer difference NMR studies for the epitope mapping of a carbohydrate-mimetic peptide recognized by an anti-carbohydrate antibody. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:295-300. [PMID: 14697795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Saturation-transfer difference NMR spectroscopy (STD-NMR) experiments have been performed to analyze the topography or epitope of the octapeptide MDWNMHAA recognized by the anti-carbohydrate antibody SYA/J6 in solution; the antibody is directed against the Shigella flexneri Y O-antigen polysaccharide. The results permit a valuable comparison of solution versus crystal-structure data, and provide insight for the design of the next-generation binding ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Johnson
- Departments of Chemistry and of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6
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Vyas NK, Vyas MN, Chervenak MC, Bundle DR, Pinto BM, Quiocho FA. Structural basis of peptide-carbohydrate mimicry in an antibody-combining site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:15023-8. [PMID: 14645714 PMCID: PMC299889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2431286100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of a complex between the Fab fragment of the antibody (SYA/J6) specific for the cell surface O-antigen polysaccharide of the pathogen Shigella flexneri Y and an octapeptide (Met-Asp-Trp-Asn-Met-His-Ala-Ala), a functional mimic of the O-antigen, has been determined at 1.8-A resolution. Comparison of the structure with that of the complex with the pentasaccharide antigen [-->2)-alpha-L-Rha-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rha-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Rha-(1-->3)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-L-Rha-(1-->] reveals the molecular recognition process by which a peptide mimics a carbohydrate in binding to an antibody. The binding modes of the two ligands differ considerably. Octapeptide binding complements the shape of the combining site groove much better than pentasaccharide binding. Moreover, the peptide makes a much greater number of contacts (126), which are mostly van der Waals interactions, with the Fab than the saccharide (74). An unusual feature is also the involvement of 12 water molecules in mediating hydrogen bonds between residues within the peptide or of the peptide and Fab. Despite better shape complementarity and greater number of contacts, the octapeptide binds with an affinity (KA = 2.5 x 10(5) M-1, measured by calorimetry) only approximately 2-fold tighter than the pentasaccharide. The structural results are relevant to the design of peptide mimetics with improved affinity for use as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nand K Vyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Johnson MA, Eniade AA, Pinto BM. Rational design and synthesis of peptide ligands for an anti-carbohydrate antibody and their immunochemical characterization. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:781-8. [PMID: 12538009 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mimics of carbohydrates present an alternative source of compounds to target pathways involving protein-carbohydrate interactions. Certain peptides act as molecular mimics of carbohydrates in binding to anti-carbohydrate antibodies. A series of potential peptide ligands for the anti-carbohydrate antibody SYA/J6, directed against Shigella flexneri Y, was designed by molecular modeling based on a crystal structure of the antibody complex with a carbohydrate-mimetic peptide. These octapeptides were synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis, and their recognition by the antibody was investigated. The results shed light on the nature of peptide-carbohydrate mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada V5A 1S6
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