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Seal A, Hughes M, Wei F, Pugazhendhi AS, Ngo C, Ruiz J, Schwartzman JD, Coathup MJ. Sphingolipid-Induced Bone Regulation and Its Emerging Role in Dysfunction Due to Disease and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3024. [PMID: 38474268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The human skeleton is a metabolically active system that is constantly regenerating via the tightly regulated and highly coordinated processes of bone resorption and formation. Emerging evidence reveals fascinating new insights into the role of sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin, sphingosine, ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, in bone homeostasis. Sphingolipids are a major class of highly bioactive lipids able to activate distinct protein targets including, lipases, phosphatases, and kinases, thereby conferring distinct cellular functions beyond energy metabolism. Lipids are known to contribute to the progression of chronic inflammation, and notably, an increase in bone marrow adiposity parallel to elevated bone loss is observed in most pathological bone conditions, including aging, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteomyelitis. Of the numerous classes of lipids that form, sphingolipids are considered among the most deleterious. This review highlights the important primary role of sphingolipids in bone homeostasis and how dysregulation of these bioactive metabolites appears central to many chronic bone-related diseases. Further, their contribution to the invasion, virulence, and colonization of both viral and bacterial host cell infections is also discussed. Many unmet clinical needs remain, and data to date suggest the future use of sphingolipid-targeted therapy to regulate bone dysfunction due to a variety of diseases or infection are highly promising. However, deciphering the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of this diverse and extremely complex sphingolipidome, both in terms of bone health and disease, is considered the next frontier in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouska Seal
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Megan Hughes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Abinaya S Pugazhendhi
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Jonathan Ruiz
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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Fan W, Li X. The SIRT1-c-Myc axis in regulation of stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1236968. [PMID: 37554307 PMCID: PMC10405831 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1236968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is the most conserved mammalian NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase. Through deacetylation of transcriptional factors and co-factors, this protein modification enzyme is critically involved in metabolic and epigenetic regulation of stem cells, which is functionally important in maintaining their pluripotency and regulating their differentiation. C-Myc, a key member of Myc proton-oncogene family, is a pivotal factor for transcriptional regulation of genes that control acquisition and maintenance of stemness. Previous cancer research has revealed an intriguing positive feedback loop between SIRT1 and c-Myc that is crucial in tumorigenesis. Recent literature has uncovered important functions of this axis in regulation of maintenance and differentiation of stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells and cancer stem cells. This review highlights recent advances of the SIRT1-c-Myc axis in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Yao H, Jiang L, Tong J. Intramammary infusion of matrine-chitosan hydrogels for treating subclinical bovine mastitis —effects on milk microbiome and metabolites. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:950231. [PMID: 36204605 PMCID: PMC9530655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.950231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBovine metabolism undergoes significant changes during subclinical mastitis, but the relevant molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study we investigated the changes in milk microbiota and metabolites after intramammary infusion of matrine-chitosan hydrogels (MCHs) in cows with subclinical mastitis.MethodsInfusions were continued for 7 days, and milk samples were collected on days 1 and 7 for microbiome analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolite profiling by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsMCHs significantly decreased the somatic cell count on day 7 compared to day 1, and the Simpson index indicated that microbial diversity was significantly lower on day 7. The relative abundance of Aerococcus, Corynebacterium_1, Staphylococcus and Firmicutes was significantly decreased on day 7, while Proteobacteria increased. In the milk samples, we identified 74 differentially expressed metabolites. The MCHs infusion group had the most significantly upregulated metabolites including sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, flavonoids and fatty acyls. The mammary gland metabolic pathways identified after MCHs treatment were consistent with the known antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of matrine that are associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism and the sphingolipid metabolic signaling pathways.ConclusionThese insights into the immunoregulatory mechanisms and the corresponding biological responses to matrine demonstrate its potential activity in mitigating the harmful effects of bovine mastitis.
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Fan W, Tang S, Fan X, Fang Y, Xu X, Li L, Xu J, Li JL, Wang Z, Li X. SIRT1 regulates sphingolipid metabolism and neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells through c-Myc-SMPDL3B. eLife 2021; 10:67452. [PMID: 34042046 PMCID: PMC8216717 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are important structural components of cell membranes and prominent signaling molecules controlling cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Sphingolipids are particularly abundant in the brain, and defects in sphingolipid degradation are associated with several human neurodegenerative diseases. However, molecular mechanisms governing sphingolipid metabolism remain unclear. Here, we report that sphingolipid degradation is under transcriptional control of SIRT1, a highly conserved mammalian NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Deletion of SIRT1 results in accumulation of sphingomyelin in mESCs, primarily due to reduction of SMPDL3B, a GPI-anchored plasma membrane bound sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase. Mechanistically, SIRT1 regulates transcription of Smpdl3b through c-Myc. Functionally, SIRT1 deficiency-induced accumulation of sphingomyelin increases membrane fluidity and impairs neural differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Our findings discover a key regulatory mechanism for sphingolipid homeostasis and neural differentiation, further imply that pharmacological manipulation of SIRT1-mediated sphingomyelin degradation might be beneficial for treatment of human neurological diseases. All cells in the brain start life as stem cells which are yet to have a defined role in the body. A wide range of molecules and chemical signals guide stem cells towards a neuronal fate, including a group of molecules called sphingolipids. These molecules sit in the membrane surrounding the cell and play a pivotal role in a number of processes which help keep the neuronal cell healthy. Various enzymes work together to break down sphingolipids and remove them from the membrane. Defects in these enzymes can result in excess levels of sphingolipids, which can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease. But how these enzymes are used and controlled during neuronal development is still somewhat of a mystery. To help answer this question, Fan et al. studied an enzyme called SIRT1 which has been shown to alleviate symptoms in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells were extracted from a mouse embryo lacking the gene for SIRT1 and cultured in the laboratory. These faulty cells were found to have superfluous amounts of sphingolipids, which made their membranes more fluid and reduced their ability to develop into neuronal cells. Further investigation revealed that SIRT1 regulates the degradation of sphingolipids by promoting the production of another enzyme called SMPDL3B. Fan et al. also found that when female mice were fed a high-fat diet, this caused sphingolipids to accumulate in their embryos which lacked the gene for SIRT1; this, in turn, impaired the neural development of their offspring. These findings suggest that targeting SIRT1 may offer new strategies for treating neurological diseases. The discovery that embryos deficient in SIRT1 are sensitive to high-fat diets implies that activating this enzyme might attenuate some of the neonatal complications associated with maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, United States
| | - Shuang Tang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, United States
| | - Xiaojuan Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, United States
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, United States
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, United States
| | - Jian Xu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, United States
| | - Zefeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, United States
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Nguyen HT, Li L, Eguchi A, Kannan K, Kim EY, Iwata H. Effects on the liver lipidome of rat offspring prenatally exposed to bisphenol A. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143466. [PMID: 33243495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disruptor that has obesogenic properties. We have previously reported sex- and age-dependent changes in hepatic transcriptome and proteome of several lipid homeostasis-related genes in rat offspring prenatally exposed to BPA. To further understand the impacts of prenatal BPA exposure, we analyzed lipidomic profiles in the postnatal day (PND) 21 and 60 rats using a high-resolution QTOF mass spectrometer coupled with a HPLC system. We found that the total lipid content was significantly decreased in PND21 females prenatally exposed to 5000 μg/kg bw/day of BPA. Levels of total fatty acids, acylcarnitines, and monoacylglycerols significantly increased in both female and male BPA-exposed rats at PND21. An elevation in total cholesterol esters and reductions in triacylglycerols and monogalactosyl diacylglycerols were found only in PND21 females prenatally exposed to BPA. Interestingly, opposite responses were observed for phospholipids and sphingolipids between PND21 females and males following BPA exposure. The effects on the body weight and total lipid content were mitigated in the latter stage, although the alterations of lipid profiles continued until PND60. A Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO) revealed a high correlation of the lipidome with our previously published transcriptome data. DIABLO also identified potential biomarkers of prenatal exposure to BPA; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (Gpd1) and glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (Gnpat), which are involved in the glycerophospholipid metabolism, in females and males, respectively. Collectively, we highlighted the sex- and age-dependent effects of prenatal BPA exposure on hepatic lipid homeostasis in rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thanh Nguyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Lingyun Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, United States
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-0022, Japan
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, United States; Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
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Muilwijk M, Callender N, Goorden S, Vaz FM, van Valkengoed IGM. Sex differences in the association of sphingolipids with age in Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese living in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:13. [PMID: 33436072 PMCID: PMC7805203 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) early in life, while women have a higher risk later in life. The sex-related differences in CVD risk, especially by age, could be related to sphingolipid metabolism. We compared plasma sphingolipid concentrations and its increase by age in men and women. METHODS Plasma concentrations of 13 types of sphingolipids were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a random subsample of 328 men and 372 women of Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese ethnic origin, participating in the HELIUS study. Sphingolipid concentrations were compared between men and women by age group (18-39, 40-55, and 56-70 years). Multiple linear regression was used to determine sex differences in age trends in sphingolipids stratified by ethnicity. Analyses were performed without adjustment and adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. RESULTS At age 18-39 years, sphingolipid concentrations were lower in women than those in men, but at age 56-70 years this was reversed. At higher age, women showed higher concentrations than men. In line, we observed a more rapid increase of sphingolipid concentrations by age in women than in men. The observed sex differences were not explained by BMI or waist circumference. Patterns of sex differences were similar across ethnic groups, although the strength of associations differed. CONCLUSIONS Mean sphingolipid concentrations increase more rapidly with age in women than in men. Therefore, plasma lipid concentrations of sphingolipids, although lower in women than in men at younger age, are higher in women than in men at older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirthe Muilwijk
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nardie Callender
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Goorden
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene G M van Valkengoed
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Peterson LR, Jiang X, Chen L, Goldberg AC, Farmer MS, Ory DS, Schaffer JE. Alterations in plasma triglycerides and ceramides: links with cardiac function in humans with type 2 diabetes. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1065-1074. [PMID: 32393551 PMCID: PMC7328042 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra120000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction in T2D is associated with excessive FA uptake, oxidation, and generation of toxic lipid species by the heart. It is not known whether decreasing lipid delivery to the heart can effect improvement in cardiac function in humans with T2D. Thus, our objective was to test the hypothesis that lowering lipid delivery to the heart would result in evidence of decreased "lipotoxicity," improved cardiac function, and salutary effects on plasma biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. Thus, we performed a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled parallel design study of the effects of 12 weeks of fenofibrate-induced lipid lowering on cardiac function, inflammation, and oxidation biomarkers, and on the ratio of two plasma ceramides, Cer d18:1 (4E) (1OH, 3OH)/24:0 and Cer d18:1 (4E) (1OH, 3OH)/16:0 (i.e., "C24:0/C16:0"), which is associated with decreased risk of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Fenofibrate lowered plasma TG and cholesterol but did not improve heart systolic or diastolic function. Fenofibrate treatment lowered the plasma C24:0/C16:0 ceramide ratio and minimally altered oxidative stress markers but did not alter measures of inflammation. Overall, plasma TG lowering correlated with improvement of cardiac relaxation (diastolic function) as measured by tissue Doppler-derived parameter e'. Moreover, lowering the plasma C24:0/C16:0 ceramide ratio was correlated with worse diastolic function. These findings indicate that fenofibrate treatment per se is not sufficient to effect changes in cardiac function; however, decreases in plasma TG may be linked to improved diastolic function. In contrast, decreases in plasma C24:0/C16:0 are linked with worsening cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110. mailto:
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Anne C Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marsha S Farmer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jean E Schaffer
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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Zhai P, Song J, Gao L, Lu L. A sphingolipid synthesis-related protein OrmA in Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for azole susceptibility and virulence. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13092. [PMID: 31376233 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies identified that the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have two sphingolipid synthesis-related proteins, Orm1p and Orm2p, that negatively regulate the activities of SPT, which is a key rate-limiting enzyme in sphingolipid synthesis. However, little is known about whether sphingolipids in the cell membrane, which are closely related to ergosterols, could affect the efficacy of azole drugs, which target to the ergosterol biosynthesis. In this study, through genome-wide homologue search analysis, we found that the Aspergillus fumigatus genome only contains one Orm homologue, referred to as OrmA for which the protein expression could be induced by azole antifungals in a dose-dependent manner. Deletion of ormA caused hypersensitivity to azoles, and adding the sphingolipid synthesis inhibitor myriocin rescued the azole susceptibility induced by lack of ormA. In contrast, overexpression of OrmA resulted in azole resistance, indicating that OrmA is a positive azole-response regulator. Further mechanism analysis verified that OrmA is related to drug susceptibility by affecting endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in an unfolded protein response pathway-HacA-dependent manner. Lack of ormA led to an abnormal profile of sphingolipid ceramide components accompanied by hypersensitivity to low temperatures. Furthermore, deletion of OrmA significantly reduced virulence in an immunosuppressed mouse model. The findings in this study collectively suggest that the sphingolipid metabolism pathway in A. fumigatus plays a critical role in azole susceptibility and fungal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jinxing Song
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
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Metabolite and lipoprotein responses and prediction of weight gain during breast cancer treatment. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:1144-1154. [PMID: 30401977 PMCID: PMC6220113 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer treatment has metabolic side effects, potentially affecting risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and recurrence. We aimed to compare alterations in serum metabolites and lipoproteins during treatment between recipients and non-recipients of chemotherapy, and describe metabolite profiles associated with treatment-related weight gain. Methods This pilot study includes 60 stage I/II breast cancer patients who underwent surgery and were treated according to national guidelines. Serum sampled pre-surgery and after 6 and 12 months was analysed by MR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In all, 170 metabolites and 105 lipoprotein subfractions were quantified. Results The metabolite and lipoprotein profiles of chemotherapy recipients and non-recipients changed significantly 6 months after surgery (p < 0.001). Kynurenine, the lipid signal at 1.55–1.60 ppm, ADMA, 2 phosphatidylcholines (PC aa C38:3, PC ae C42:1), alpha-aminoadipic acid, hexoses and sphingolipids were increased in chemotherapy recipients after 6 months. VLDL and small dense LDL increased after 6 months, while HDL decreased, with triglyceride enrichment in HDL and LDL. At baseline, weight gainers had less acylcarnitines, phosphatidylcholines, lyso-phosphatidylcholines and sphingolipids, and showed an inflammatory lipid profile. Conclusion Chemotherapy recipients exhibit metabolic changes associated with inflammation, altered immune response and increased risk of CVD. Altered lipid metabolism may predispose for treatment-related weight gain.
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Auyyuenyong R, Henze A, Ungru J, Schweigert FJ, Raila J, Vervuert I. Determination of lipid profiles in serum of obese ponies before and after weight reduction by using multi-one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. Res Vet Sci 2017; 117:111-117. [PMID: 29241051 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a key component of equine metabolic syndrome, which is highly associated with laminitis. Feed restriction and/or exercise are known to alleviate the detrimental effects of insulin resistance in obese ponies. However, little is known about changes in the serum lipid patterns due to weight reduction and its association with disease outcomes. Therefore, the lipid patterns in the serum of 14 mature ponies before and after a 14-week body weight reduction program (BWRP) were investigated by multi-one-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (MOD-TLC). Additionally, sensitivity to insulin (SI), body condition scores (BCS) and cresty neck scores (CNS) were measured. A BWRP resulted in a significant loss of body weight (P<0.001), which was associated with beneficial decreases in BCS and CNS (both, P<0.001). Serum lipid compositions revealed significantly increased free fatty acid (FFA), sphingomyelin (SM; both P<0.001), total cholesterol (C) and cholesterol ester (CE) (both P<0.01) and triacylglycerol (TG; P<0.05) densities. Improvement of SI after the BWRP was associated with increases in neutral lipids (C, CE and TG, all P<0.01), FFA and the phospholipid SM (both, P<0.001). The results show that a BWRP in obese ponies was effective and associated with changes in the concentrations of neutral lipids and the phospholipid SM, indicating that SM may play a role in insulin signaling pathways and thus in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the progression of metabolic syndrome in obese ponies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchada Auyyuenyong
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Andrea Henze
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Julia Ungru
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, University of Leipzig, An den Tierklinken 9, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian J Schweigert
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jens Raila
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Vervuert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, University of Leipzig, An den Tierklinken 9, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Rohrbach T, Maceyka M, Spiegel S. Sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate in liver pathobiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:543-553. [PMID: 28618839 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1337706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 20 years ago, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was discovered to be a bioactive signaling molecule. Subsequent studies later identified two related kinases, sphingosine kinase 1 and 2, which are responsible for the phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P. Many stimuli increase sphingosine kinase activity and S1P production and secretion. Outside the cell, S1P can bind to and activate five S1P-specific G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) to regulate many important cellular and physiological processes in an autocrine or paracrine manner. S1P is found in high concentrations in the blood where it functions to control vascular integrity and trafficking of lymphocytes. Obesity increases blood S1P levels in humans and mice. With the world wide increase in obesity linked to consumption of high-fat, high-sugar diets, S1P is emerging as an accomplice in liver pathobiology, including acute liver failure, metabolic syndrome, control of blood lipid and glucose homeostasis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and liver fibrosis. Here, we review recent research on the importance of sphingosine kinases, S1P, and S1PRs in liver pathobiology, with a focus on exciting insights for new therapeutic modalities that target S1P signaling axes for a variety of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Rohrbach
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center , VCU School of Medicine , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Michael Maceyka
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center , VCU School of Medicine , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center , VCU School of Medicine , Richmond , VA , USA
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Caretti A, Vasso M, Bonezzi FT, Gallina A, Trinchera M, Rossi A, Adami R, Casas J, Falleni M, Tosi D, Bragonzi A, Ghidoni R, Gelfi C, Signorelli P. Myriocin treatment of CF lung infection and inflammation: complex analyses for enigmatic lipids. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:775-790. [PMID: 28439630 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to use quantitative and qualitative analyses to gain further insight into the role of ceramide in cystic fibrosis (CF). Sphingolipid ceramide is a known inflammatory mediator, and its accumulation in inflamed lung has been reported in different types of emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and CF. CF is caused by a mutation of the chloride channel and associated with hyperinflammation of the respiratory airways and high susceptibility to ongoing infections. We have previously demonstrated that de novo ceramide synthesis is enhanced in lung inflammation and sustains Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection in a CF murine model. We used liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging coupled with mass spectrometry, confocal laser scan microscopy and histology analyses to reveal otherwise undecipherable information. We demonstrated that (i) upregulated ceramide synthesis in the alveoli is strictly related to alveolar infection and inflammation, (ii) alveolar ceramide (C16) can be specifically targeted by nanocarrier delivery of the ceramide synthesis inhibitor myriocin (Myr) and (iii) Myr is able to downmodulate pro-inflammatory lyso-PC, favouring an increase in anti-inflammatory PCs. We concluded that Myr modulates alveolar lipids milieu, reducing hyperinflammation and favouring anti-microbial effective response in CF mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caretti
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Vasso
- Lita Institute, Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiola Tecla Bonezzi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gallina
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine Clinical and Experimental, University of Insubria Medical School, Varese, Italy
| | - Alice Rossi
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Adami
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, Catalan Institute of Advanced Chemistry (IQAC/CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Falleni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Delfina Tosi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Lita Institute, Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A.di Rudinì 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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13
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Rodríguez A, Gonzalez L, Ko A, Alvarez M, Miao Z, Bhagat Y, Nikkola E, Cruz-Bautista I, Arellano-Campos O, Muñoz-Hernández LL, Ordóñez-Sánchez ML, Rodriguez-Guillen R, Mohlke KL, Laakso M, Tusie-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Pajukanta P. Molecular Characterization of the Lipid Genome-Wide Association Study Signal on Chromosome 18q11.2 Implicates HNF4A-Mediated Regulation of the TMEM241 Gene. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1350-5. [PMID: 27199446 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We recently identified a locus on chromosome 18q11.2 for high serum triglycerides in Mexicans. We hypothesize that the lead genome-wide association study single-nucleotide polymorphism rs9949617, or its linkage disequilibrium proxies, regulates 1 of the 5 genes in the triglyceride-associated region. APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed a linkage disequilibrium analysis and found 9 additional variants in linkage disequilibrium (r(2)>0.7) with the lead single-nucleotide polymorphism. To select the variants for functional analyses, we annotated the 10 variants using DNase I hypersensitive sites, transcription factor and chromatin states and identified rs17259126 as the lead candidate variant for functional in vitro validation. Using luciferase transcriptional reporter assay in liver HepG2 cells, we found that the G allele exhibits a significantly lower effect on transcription (P<0.05). The electrophoretic mobility shift and ChIPqPCR (chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction) assays confirmed that the minor G allele of rs17259126 disrupts an hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α-binding site. To find the regional candidate gene, we performed a local expression quantitative trait locus analysis and found that rs17259126 and its linkage disequilibrium proxies alter expression of the regional transmembrane protein 241 (TMEM241) gene in 795 adipose RNAs from the Metabolic Syndrome In Men (METSIM) cohort (P=6.11×10(-07)-5.80×10(-04)). These results were replicated in expression profiles of TMEM241 from the Multiple Tissue Human Expression Resource (MuTHER; n=856). CONCLUSIONS The Mexican genome-wide association study signal for high serum triglycerides on chromosome 18q11.2 harbors a regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs17259126, which disrupts normal hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α binding and decreases the expression of the regional TMEM241 gene. Our data suggest that decreased transcript levels of TMEM241 contribute to increased triglyceride levels in Mexicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Rodríguez
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Luis Gonzalez
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Arthur Ko
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Zong Miao
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Yash Bhagat
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Elina Nikkola
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Ivette Cruz-Bautista
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Olimpia Arellano-Campos
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Linda L Muñoz-Hernández
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Maria-Luisa Ordóñez-Sánchez
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Rosario Rodriguez-Guillen
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Markku Laakso
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Teresa Tusie-Luna
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.)
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- From the Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (A.R., L.G., A.K., M.A., Z.M., Y.B., E.N., P.P.), Molecular Biology Institute (A.K., P.P.), and Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program (P.P.), University of California, Los Angeles; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico (I.C.-B., O.A.-C., L.L.M.-H., M.-L. O.-S., R.R.-G., T.T.-L., C.A.A.-S.); Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (K.L.M.); Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital (M.L.); and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico (T.T.-L.).
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14
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Sutter AG, Palanisamy AP, Lench JH, Esckilsen S, Geng T, Lewin DNB, Cowart LA, Chavin KD. Dietary Saturated Fat Promotes Development of Hepatic Inflammation Through Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Mice. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1613-21. [PMID: 26600310 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is currently the third most common cause of end stage liver disease necessitating transplantation. The question remains how inflammation and NASH develop in the setting of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatosis. Understand the roles of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and dietary fats in the development of hepatic inflammation. Wild-type and TLR4 KO mice were fed a standard high fat diet (LD), a high saturated fat diet (MD), or an isocaloric control diet (CD). Sera and tissue were analyzed for development of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and injury. MD induced features of hepatic steatosis and inflammation in wild-type, but not in TLR4 KO, mice. TLR4 KO prevented MD induced increases in NAFLD activity scores, serum alanine aminotransferase levels, and inflammatory cytokine expression. Inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression were also lower in the TLR4 KO mice livers than wild-type mice fed MD. Hepatic expression of Collagen I transcripts and collagen deposition were also decreased in the TLR4 KO MD animals. Results show that TLR4 plays a critical role in the effects of dietary fat composition on the development of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and injury consistent with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1613-1621, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alton G Sutter
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Arun P Palanisamy
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Julie H Lench
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Scott Esckilsen
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Tuoyu Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - David N B Lewin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lauren A Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kenneth D Chavin
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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15
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Canela N, Herrero P, Mariné S, Nadal P, Ras MR, Rodríguez MÁ, Arola L. Analytical methods in sphingolipidomics: Quantitative and profiling approaches in food analysis. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:16-38. [PMID: 26275862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, sphingolipidomics has emerged as an interesting omic science that encompasses the study of the full sphingolipidome characterization, content, structure and activity in cells, tissues or organisms. Like other omics, it has the potential to impact biomarker discovery, drug development and systems biology knowledge. Concretely, dietary food sphingolipids have gained considerable importance due to their extensively reported bioactivity. Because of the complexity of this lipid family and their diversity among foods, powerful analytical methodologies are needed for their study. The analytical tools developed in the past have been improved with the enormous advances made in recent years in mass spectrometry (MS) and chromatography, which allow the convenient and sensitive identification and quantitation of sphingolipid classes and form the basis of current sphingolipidomics methodologies. In addition, novel hyphenated nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) strategies, new ionization strategies, and MS imaging are outlined as promising technologies to shape the future of sphingolipid analyses. This review traces the analytical methods of sphingolipidomics in food analysis concerning sample extraction, chromatographic separation, the identification and quantification of sphingolipids by MS and their structural elucidation by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Canela
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain
| | - Pol Herrero
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain
| | - Sílvia Mariné
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain
| | - Pedro Nadal
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain
| | - Maria Rosa Ras
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain
| | | | - Lluís Arola
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (COS-URV), Spain.
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16
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Kallemeijn WW, Witte MD, Wennekes T, Aerts JMFG. Mechanism-based inhibitors of glycosidases: design and applications. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2015; 71:297-338. [PMID: 25480507 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800128-8.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This article covers recent developments in the design and application of activity-based probes (ABPs) for glycosidases, with emphasis on the different enzymes involved in metabolism of glucosylceramide in humans. Described are the various catalytic reaction mechanisms employed by inverting and retaining glycosidases. An understanding of catalysis at the molecular level has stimulated the design of different types of ABPs for glycosidases. Such compounds range from (1) transition-state mimics tagged with reactive moieties, which associate with the target active site—forming covalent bonds in a relatively nonspecific manner in or near the catalytic pocket—to (2) enzyme substrates that exploit the catalytic mechanism of retaining glycosidase targets to release a highly reactive species within the active site of the enzyme, to (3) probes based on mechanism-based, covalent, and irreversible glycosidase inhibitors. Some applications in biochemical and biological research of the activity-based glycosidase probes are discussed, including specific quantitative visualization of active enzyme molecules in vitro and in vivo, and as strategies for unambiguously identifying catalytic residues in glycosidases in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter W Kallemeijn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin D Witte
- Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Fillmore N, Keung W, Kelly SE, Proctor SD, Lopaschuk GD, Ussher JR. Accumulation of ceramide in slow-twitch muscle contributes to the development of insulin resistance in the obese JCR:LA-cp rat. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:730-41. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Fillmore
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Wendy Keung
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Sandra E. Kelly
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Spencer D. Proctor
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Gary D. Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - John R. Ussher
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Barbarroja N, Vidal-Puig A. Dihydroceramide desaturase 1, the gatekeeper of ceramide induced lipotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ross JS, Russo SB, Chavis GC, Cowart LA. Sphingolipid regulators of cellular dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systems overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Qu F, Zheng SJ, Liu S, Wu CS, Duan ZP, Zhang JL. Serum sphingolipids reflect the severity of chronic HBV infection and predict the mortality of HBV-acute-on-chronic liver failure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104988. [PMID: 25136927 PMCID: PMC4138167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with HBV-acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) have high mortality and frequently require liver transplantation; few reliable prognostic markers are available. As a class of functional lipids, sphingolipids are extensively involved in the process of HBV infection. However, their role in chronic HBV infection remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the serum sphingolipid profile in a population of patients with chronic HBV infection, paying special attention to exploring novel prognostic markers in HBV-ACLF. High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to examine the levels of 41 sphingolipids in 156 serum samples prospectively collected from two independent cohorts. The training and validation cohorts comprised 20 and 28 healthy controls (CTRL), 29 and 23 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 30 and 26 patients with HBV-ACLF, respectively. Biometric analysis was used to evaluate the association between sphingolipid levels and disease stages. Multivariate analysis revealed difference of sphingolipid profiles between CHB and HBV-ACLF was more drastic than that between CTRL and CHB, which indicated that serum sphingolipid levels were more likely to associate with the progression HBV-ACLF rather than CHB. Furthermore, a 3-month mortality evaluation of HBV-ACLF patients showed that dhCer(d18∶0/24∶0) was significantly higher in survivors than in non-survivors (including deceased patients and those undergoing liver transplantation, p<0.05), and showed a prognostic performance similar to that of the MELD score. The serum sphingolipid composition varies between CTRL and chronic HBV infection patients. In addition, dhCer(d18∶0/24∶0) may be a useful prognostic indicator for the early prediction of HBV-ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Jun Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Sheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Duan
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JLZ); (ZPD)
| | - Jin-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JLZ); (ZPD)
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Schiffmann R, Forni S, Swift C, Brignol N, Wu X, Lockhart DJ, Blankenship D, Wang X, Grayburn PA, Taylor MRG, Lowes BD, Fuller M, Benjamin ER, Sweetman L. Risk of death in heart disease is associated with elevated urinary globotriaosylceramide. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000394. [PMID: 24496231 PMCID: PMC3959711 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Elevated urinary globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) has been considered a hallmark of Fabry disease, an X‐linked lysosomal disorder that is a risk factor for most types of heart disease. Methods and Results We screened 1421 consecutive patients with common forms of heart disease for Fabry disease by measuring urinary Gb3 in whole urine using tandem mass spectrometry, α‐galactosidase A activity in dried blood spots, and we looked for GLA mutations by parallel sequencing of the whole gene (exons and introns) in pooled genomic DNA samples followed by Sanger sequencing verification. GLA variants were found in 13 patients. In the 1408 patients without GLA mutations, urinary Gb3 levels were significantly higher in heart disease patients compared to 116 apparently healthy controls (median difference=10.0 ng/mL and P<0.001). Urinary lipid profiling showed that levels of 5 other lipids significantly distinguished between urine of patients with Fabry disease (n=7) and heart disease patients with elevated urinary Gb3 (n=6). Sphingomyelin and Gb3 levels were abnormal in the left ventricular wall of patients with ischemic heart failure. Elevated levels of urinary Gb3 were independently associated with increased risk of death in the average follow‐up of 17 months (hazard ratio=1.59 for increase in Gb3 of 200, 95% CI=1.36 and 1.87, and P<0.0001). Conclusions In heart disease patients who do not have Fabry disease or GLA gene mutations, a higher level of urinary Gb3 is positively associated with near‐term mortality. The elevation of urinary Gb3 and that of other lipids suggests that heart disease is associated with multiorgan lipid abnormalities. Clinical Trial Registration URL: clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT01019629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schiffmann
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX (R.S., S.F., C.S., L.S.)
| | - Sabrina Forni
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX (R.S., S.F., C.S., L.S.)
| | - Caren Swift
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX (R.S., S.F., C.S., L.S.)
| | - Nastry Brignol
- Amicus Therapeutics, Cranbury, NJ (N.B., X.W., D.J.L., E.R.B.)
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Amicus Therapeutics, Cranbury, NJ (N.B., X.W., D.J.L., E.R.B.)
| | | | - Derek Blankenship
- Department of Biostatistics, Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX (D.B., X.W.)
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX (D.B., X.W.)
| | - Paul A. Grayburn
- Division of Cardiology, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX (P.A.G.)
| | - Matthew R. G. Taylor
- Adult Medical Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO (M.G.T.)
| | - Brian D. Lowes
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (B.D.L.)
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (M.F.)
| | | | - Lawrence Sweetman
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX (R.S., S.F., C.S., L.S.)
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Sphingolipid metabolic pathway: an overview of major roles played in human diseases. J Lipids 2013; 2013:178910. [PMID: 23984075 PMCID: PMC3747619 DOI: 10.1155/2013/178910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, a family of membrane lipids, are bioactive molecules that participate in diverse functions controlling fundamental cellular processes such as cell division, differentiation, and cell death. Given that most of these cellular processes form the basis for several pathologies, it is not surprising that sphingolipids are key players in several pathological processes. This review discusses the role of the sphingolipid metabolic pathway in diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma, with a special emphasis on the changes in gene expression pattern in these disease conditions. For convenience, the sphingolipid metabolic pathway is divided into hypothetical compartments (modules) with each compartment representing a physiological process and changes in gene expression pattern are mapped to each of these modules. It appears that alterations in the gene expression pattern in these disease conditions are biased to manipulate the system in order to result in a particular disease.
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Russo SB, Tidhar R, Futerman AH, Cowart LA. Myristate-derived d16:0 sphingolipids constitute a cardiac sphingolipid pool with distinct synthetic routes and functional properties. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:13397-409. [PMID: 23530041 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.428185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myristate is a novel potential substrate for sphingoid base synthesis. RESULTS Myocardial sphingoid base synthesis utilizes myristate; these sphingolipids are functionally non-redundant with canonical sphingoid bases. CONCLUSION d16:0 and d16:1 sphingolipids constitute an appreciable proportion of cardiac dihydrosphingosine and dihydroceramide, with distinct biological roles. SIGNIFICANCE This pool of sphingolipids may play a heretofore unsuspected role in myocardial pathology or protection. The enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) catalyzes the formation of the sphingoid base "backbone" from which all sphingolipids are derived. Previous studies have shown that inhibition of SPT ameliorates pathological cardiac outcomes in models of lipid overload, but the metabolites responsible for these phenotypes remain unidentified. Recent in vitro studies have shown that incorporation of the novel subunit SPTLC3 broadens the substrate specificity of SPT, allowing utilization of myristoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) in addition to its canonical substrate palmitoyl-CoA. However, the relevance of these findings in vivo has yet to be determined. The present study sought to determine whether myristate-derived d16 sphingolipids are represented among myocardial sphingolipids and, if so, whether their function and metabolic routes were distinct from those of palmitate-derived d18 sphingolipids. Data showed that d16:0 sphingoid bases occurred in more than one-third of total dihydrosphingosine and dihydroceramides in myocardium, and a diet high in saturated fat promoted their de novo production. Intriguingly, d16-ceramides demonstrated highly limited N-acyl chain diversity, and in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that these bases were utilized preferentially to canonical bases by CerS1. Functional differences between myristate- and palmitate-derived sphingolipids were observed in that, unlike d18 sphingolipids and SPTLC2, d16 sphingolipids and SPTLC3 did not appear to contribute to myristate-induced autophagy, whereas only d16 sphingolipids promoted cell death and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in cardiomyocytes. Thus, these results reveal a previously unappreciated component of cardiac sphingolipids with functional differences from canonical sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brice Russo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
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Russo SB, Baicu CF, Van Laer A, Geng T, Kasiganesan H, Zile MR, Cowart LA. Ceramide synthase 5 mediates lipid-induced autophagy and hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest 2013; 122:3919-30. [PMID: 23023704 DOI: 10.1172/jci63888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM), which consists of cardiac hypertrophy and failure in the absence of traditional risk factors, is a major contributor to increased heart failure risk in type 2 diabetes patients. In rodent models of DbCM, cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction have been shown to depend upon saturated fatty acid (SFA) oversupply and de novo sphingolipid synthesis. However, it is not known whether these effects are mediated by bulk SFAs and sphingolipids or by individual lipid species. In this report, we demonstrate that a diet high in SFA induced cardiac hypertrophy, left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and autophagy in mice. Furthermore, treatment with the SFA myristate, but not palmitate, induced hypertrophy and autophagy in adult primary cardiomyocytes. De novo sphingolipid synthesis was required for induction of all pathological features observed both in vitro and in vivo, and autophagy was required for induction of hypertrophy in vitro. Finally, we implicated a specific ceramide N-acyl chain length in this process and demonstrated a requirement for (dihydro)ceramide synthase 5 in cardiomyocyte autophagy and myristate-mediated hypertrophy. Thus, this report reveals a requirement for a specific sphingolipid metabolic route and dietary SFAs in the molecular pathogenesis of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brice Russo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, USA
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Russo SB, Ross JS, Cowart LA. Sphingolipids in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2013:373-401. [PMID: 23563667 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1511-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disease, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, constitutes a major emerging health crisis in Western nations. Although the symptoms and clinical pathology and physiology of these conditions are well understood, the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease process have largely remained obscure. Sphingolipids, a lipid class with both signaling and structural properties, have recently emerged as key players in most major tissues affected by diabetes and are required components in the molecular etiology of this disease. Indeed, sphingolipids have been shown to mediate loss of insulin sensitivity, to promote the characteristic diabetic proinflammatory state, and to induce cell death and dysfunction in important organs such as the pancreas and heart. Furthermore, plasma sphingolipid levels are emerging as potential biomarkers for the decompensation of insulin resistance to frank type 2 diabetes. Despite these discoveries, the roles of specific sphingolipid species and sphingolipid metabolic pathways remain obscure, and newly developed experimental approaches must be employed to elucidate the detailed molecular mechanisms necessary for rational drug development and other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Russo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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