1
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Otani S, Ohnuma M, Ito K, Matsushita Y. Cellular dynamics of distinct skeletal cells and the development of osteosarcoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1181204. [PMID: 37229448 PMCID: PMC10203529 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone contributes to the maintenance of vital biological activities. At the cellular level, multiple types of skeletal cells, including skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs), osteoblasts, chondrocytes, marrow stromal cells, and adipocytes, orchestrate skeletal events such as development, aging, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor and the main form of bone cancer. Although it has been proposed that the cellular origins of OS are in osteogenesis-related skeletal lineage cells with cancer suppressor gene mutations, its origins have not yet been fully elucidated because of a poor understanding of whole skeletal cell diversity and dynamics. Over the past decade, the advent and development of single-cell RNA sequencing analyses and mouse lineage-tracing approaches have revealed the diversity of skeletal stem and its lineage cells. Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in the bone marrow endoskeletal region have now been found to efficiently generate OS and to be robust cells of origin under p53 deletion conditions. The identification of SSCs may lead to a more limited redefinition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs), and this population has been thought to contain cells from which OS originates. In this mini-review, we discuss the cellular diversity and dynamics of multiple skeletal cell types and the origin of OS in the native in vivo environment in mice. We also discuss future challenges in the study of skeletal cells and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Otani
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ohnuma
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kosei Ito
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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2
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Lama S, Luce A, Bitti G, Chacon-Millan P, Itro A, Ferranti P, D’Auria G, Cammarota M, Nicoletti GF, Ferraro GA, Schiraldi C, Caraglia M, Amler E, Stiuso P. Polydatin Incorporated in Polycaprolactone Nanofibers Improves Osteogenic Differentiation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060727. [PMID: 35745646 PMCID: PMC9230847 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycaprolactone nanofibers are used as scaffolds in the field of tissue engineering for tissue regeneration or drug delivery. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable hydrophobic polyester used to obtain implantable nanostructures, which are clinically applicable due to their biological safety. Polydatin (PD), a glycosidic precursor of resveratrol, is known for its antioxidant, antitumor, antiosteoporotic, and bone regeneration activities. We aimed to use the osteogenic capacity of polydatin to create a biomimetic innovative and patented scaffold consisting of PCL-PD for bone tissue engineering. Both osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used to test the in vitro cytocompatibility of the PD-PCL scaffold. Reverse-phase (RP) HPLC was used to evaluate the timing release of PD from the PCL-PD nanofibers and the MTT assay, scanning electron microscopy, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were used to evaluate the proliferation, adhesion, and cellular differentiation in both osteosarcoma and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded on PD-PCL nanofibers. The proliferation of osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2) on the PD-PCL scaffold decreased when compared to cells grown on PLC nanofibers, whereas the proliferation of MSCs was comparable in both PCL and PD-PCL nanofibers. Noteworthy, after 14 days, the ALP activity was higher in both Saos-2 cells and MSCs cultivated on PD-PCL than on empty scaffolds. Moreover, the same cells showed a spindle-shaped morphology after 14 days when grown on PD-PCL as shown by SEM. In conclusion, we provide evidence that nanofibers appropriately coated with PD support the adhesion and promote the osteogenic differentiation of both human osteosarcoma cells and MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lama
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.L.); (P.C.-M.); (M.C.)
| | - Amalia Luce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.L.); (P.C.-M.); (M.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Bitti
- Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic; (G.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Pilar Chacon-Millan
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.L.); (P.C.-M.); (M.C.)
| | - Annalisa Itro
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Multidisciplinary Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.I.); (G.F.N.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Portici, Italy; (P.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanni D’Auria
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Portici, Italy; (P.F.); (G.D.)
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Multidisciplinary Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.I.); (G.F.N.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Andrea Ferraro
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Multidisciplinary Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.I.); (G.F.N.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.L.); (P.C.-M.); (M.C.)
| | - Evzen Amler
- Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic; (G.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Paola Stiuso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.L.); (P.C.-M.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Menéndez ST, Gallego B, Murillo D, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez R. Cancer Stem Cells as a Source of Drug Resistance in Bone Sarcomas. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122621. [PMID: 34198693 PMCID: PMC8232081 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas are commonly characterized by a high degree of intra-tumor heterogeneity, which in part is due to the presence of subpopulations of tumor cells presenting stem cell properties. Similar to normal stem cells, these cancer stem cells (CSCs) display a drug resistant phenotype and therefore are responsible for relapses and tumor dissemination. Drug resistance in bone sarcomas could be enhanced/modulated during tumor evolution though the acquisition of (epi)-genetic alterations and the adaptation to changing microenvironments, including drug treatments. Here we summarize findings supporting the involvement of pro-stemness signaling in the development of drug resistance in bone sarcomas. This include the activation of well-known pro-stemness pathways (Wnt/β-Cat, NOTCH or JAT/STAT pathways), changes in the metabolic and autophagic activities, the alteration of epigenetic pathways, the upregulation of specific non-coding RNAs and the crosstalk with different microenvironmental factors. This altered signaling is expected to be translated to the clinic in the form of biomarkers of response and new therapies able to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía T. Menéndez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.T.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Borja Gallego
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Dzohara Murillo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Aida Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
| | - René Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.G.); (D.M.); (A.R.)
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- CIBER en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.T.M.); (R.R.)
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Genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells: targeted delivery of immunomodulatory agents for tumor eradication. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:854-868. [PMID: 32418986 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy emerged as a novel therapeutic option that employs enhanced or amended native immune system to create a robust response against malignant cells. The systemic therapies with immune-stimulating cytokines have resulted in substantial dose-limiting toxicities. Targeted cytokine immunotherapy is being explored to overcome the heterogeneity of malignant cells and tumor cell defense with a remarkable reduction of systemic side effects. Cell-based strategies, such as dendritic cells (DCs), fibroblasts or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seek to minimize the numerous toxic side effects of systemic administration of cytokines for extended periods of time. The usual toxicities comprised of a vascular leak, hypotension, and respiratory insufficiency. Natural and strong tropism of MSCs toward malignant cells made them an ideal systemic delivery vehicle to direct the proposed therapeutic genes to the vicinity of a tumor where their expression could evoke an immune reaction against the tumor. Compared with other methods, the delivery of cytokines via engineered MSCs is safer and renders a more practical, and promising strategy. Large numbers of genes code for cytokines have been utilized to reengineer MSCs as therapeutic cells. This review highlights the recent findings on the cytokine gene therapy for human malignancies by focusing on MSCs application in cancer immunotherapy.
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5
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Liew LC, Katsuda T, Gailhouste L, Nakagama H, Ochiya T. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a glimmer of hope in treating Alzheimer’s disease. Int Immunol 2017; 29:11-19. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Chuen Liew
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Katsuda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Luc Gailhouste
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakagama
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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6
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Nowakowski A, Drela K, Rozycka J, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells as an Anti-Cancer Trojan Horse. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1513-1531. [PMID: 27460260 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based gene therapy holds a great promise for the treatment of human malignancy. Among different cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as valuable anti-cancer agents that have the potential to be used to treat a number of different cancer types. They have inherent migratory properties, which allow them to serve as vehicles for delivering effective therapy to isolated tumors and metastases. MSCs have been engineered to express anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic agents that specifically target different cancers. Another field of interest is to modify MSCs with the cytokines that activate pro-tumorigenic immunity or to use them as carriers for the traditional chemical compounds that possess the properties of anti-cancer drugs. Although there is still controversy about the exact function of MSCs in the tumor settings, the encouraging results from the preclinical studies of MSC-based gene therapy for a large number of tumors support the initiation of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nowakowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Drela
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Rozycka
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland .,2 Division of MR Research, Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre , Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Osteosarcoma: Cells-of-Origin, Cancer Stem Cells, and Targeted Therapies. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3631764. [PMID: 27366153 PMCID: PMC4913005 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3631764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of primary solid tumor that develops in bone. Although standard chemotherapy has significantly improved long-term survival over the past few decades, the outcome for those patients with metastatic or recurrent OS remains dismally poor and, therefore, novel agents and treatment regimens are urgently required. A hypothesis to explain the resistance of OS to chemotherapy is the existence of drug resistant CSCs with progenitor properties that are responsible of tumor relapses and metastasis. These subpopulations of CSCs commonly emerge during tumor evolution from the cell-of-origin, which are the normal cells that acquire the first cancer-promoting mutations to initiate tumor formation. In OS, several cell types along the osteogenic lineage have been proposed as cell-of-origin. Both the cell-of-origin and their derived CSC subpopulations are highly influenced by environmental and epigenetic factors and, therefore, targeting the OS-CSC environment and niche is the rationale for many recently postulated therapies. Likewise, some strategies for targeting CSC-associated signaling pathways have already been tested in both preclinical and clinical settings. This review recapitulates current OS cell-of-origin models, the properties of the OS-CSC and its niche, and potential new therapies able to target OS-CSCs.
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Wagner F, Holzapfel BM, Thibaudeau L, Straub M, Ling MT, Grifka J, Loessner D, Lévesque JP, Hutmacher DW. A Validated Preclinical Animal Model for Primary Bone Tumor Research. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:916-25. [PMID: 27252436 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.15.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the introduction of 21st-century surgical and neoadjuvant treatment modalities, survival of patients with osteosarcoma (OS) has not improved in two decades. Advances will depend in part on the development of clinically relevant and reliable animal models. This report describes the engineering and validation of a humanized tissue-engineered bone organ (hTEBO) for preclinical research on primary bone tumors in order to minimize false-positive and false-negative results due to interspecies differences in current xenograft models. METHODS Pelvic bone and marrow fragments were harvested from patients during reaming of the acetabulum during hip arthroplasty. HTEBOs were engineered by embedding fragments in a fibrin matrix containing bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and implanted into NOD-scid mice. After 10 weeks of subcutaneous growth, one group of hTEBOs was harvested to analyze the degree of humanization. A second group was injected with human luciferase-labeled OS (Luc-SAOS-2) cells. Tumor growth was followed in vivo with bioluminescence imaging. After 5 weeks, the OS tumors were harvested and analyzed. They were also compared with tumors created via intratibial injection. RESULTS After 10 weeks of in vivo growth, a new bone organ containing human bone matrix as well as viable and functional human hematopoietic cells developed. Five weeks after injection of Luc-SAOS-2 cells into this humanized bone microenvironment, spontaneous metastatic spread to the lung was evident. Relevant prognostic markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and periostin were found to be positive in OS tumors grown within the humanized microenvironment but not in tumors created in murine tibial bones. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-2α (HIF-2α) was detected only in the humanized OS. CONCLUSIONS We report an in vivo model that contains human bone matrix and marrow components in one organ. BMP-7 made it possible to maintain viable mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells and created a bone microenvironment mimicking human physiology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This novel platform enables preclinical research on primary bone tumors in order to test new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Wagner
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Department of Orthopedics, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, University of Regensburg, Bad Abbach, Germany Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laure Thibaudeau
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melanie Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ming-Tat Ling
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, at Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopedics, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, University of Regensburg, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Lévesque
- Stem Cell Biology Group-Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Tornin J, Martinez-Cruzado L, Santos L, Rodriguez A, Núñez LE, Oro P, Hermosilla MA, Allonca E, Fernández-García MT, Astudillo A, Suarez C, Morís F, Rodriguez R. Inhibition of SP1 by the mithramycin analog EC-8042 efficiently targets tumor initiating cells in sarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:30935-50. [PMID: 27105533 PMCID: PMC5058729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor initiating cells (TICs), responsible for tumor initiation, and cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for tumor expansion and propagation, are often resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. To find therapeutic targets against sarcoma initiating and propagating cells we used models of myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) developed from human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs), which constitute the most likely cell-of-origin for sarcoma. We found that SP1-mediated transcription was among the most significantly altered signaling. To inhibit SP1 activity, we used EC-8042, a mithramycin (MTM) analog (mithralog) with enhanced anti-tumor activity and highly improved safety. EC-8042 inhibited the growth of TIC cultures, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and upregulated the adipogenic factor CEBPα. SP1 knockdown was able to mimic the anti-proliferative effects induced by EC-8042. Importantly, EC-8042 was not recognized as a substrate by several ABC efflux pumps involved in drug resistance, and, opposite to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin, repressed the expression of many genes responsible for the TIC/CSC phenotype, including SOX2, C-MYC, NOTCH1 and NFκB1. Accordingly, EC-8042, but not doxorubicin, efficiently reduced the survival of CSC-enriched tumorsphere sarcoma cultures. In vivo, EC-8042 induced a profound inhibition of tumor growth associated to a strong reduction of the mitotic index and the induction of adipogenic differentiation and senescence. Finally, EC-8042 reduced the ability of tumor cells to reinitiate tumor growth. These data suggest that EC-8042 could constitute an effective treatment against both TIC and CSC subpopulations in sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Cruzado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aida Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Eva Allonca
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Aurora Astudillo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Suarez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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10
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Borghese C, Agostini F, Durante C, Colombatti A, Mazzucato M, Aldinucci D. Clinical-grade quality platelet-rich plasma releasate (PRP-R/SRGF) from CaCl2 -activated platelet concentrates promoted expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells. Vox Sang 2016; 111:197-205. [PMID: 27077937 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to test a platelet-rich plasma releasate (PRP-R/SRGF) from CaCl2 -activated platelets as a source of growth factors for the expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). PRP-R/SRGF, obtained with a low-cost procedure, is characterized by a reduced variability of growth factor release. MATERIALS AND METHODS PRP-R/SRGF is a clinical-grade quality solution obtained from CaCl2 -activated platelets. Its activity was evaluated by measuring the proliferation, the phenotype, the differentiation potential and the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT). RESULTS PRP-R/SRGF was more active than FBS to expand BM- and AT-derived MSCs. PRP-R/SRGF treatment did not affect the expression of typical MSCs surface markers, neither MSCs differentiation potential nor their capability to inhibit activated T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The clinical-grade PRP-R/SRGF may be used in the clinical setting for the expansion of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Borghese
- Experimental Oncology 2, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - F Agostini
- Unit of Stem Cells Collection and Processing Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - C Durante
- Unit of Stem Cells Collection and Processing Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - A Colombatti
- Experimental Oncology 2, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - M Mazzucato
- Unit of Stem Cells Collection and Processing Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - D Aldinucci
- Experimental Oncology 2, C.R.O. National Cancer Institute-IRCCS Aviano, Aviano, Italy
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11
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Guo XR, Hu QY, Yuan YH, Tang XJ, Yang ZS, Zou DD, Bian LJ, Dai LJ, Li DS. PTEN-mRNA engineered mesenchymal stem cell-mediated cytotoxic effects on U251 glioma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2733-2740. [PMID: 27073544 PMCID: PMC4812521 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered to have potential as ideal carriers for the delivery of anticancer agents since the capacity for tumor-oriented migration and integration was identified. In contrast to DNA-based vectors, mRNA synthesized in vitro may be readily transfected and is mutagenesis-free. The present study was performed in order to investigate the effects of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mRNA-engineered MSCs on human glioma U251 cells under indirect co-culture conditions. PTEN-bearing mRNA was generated by in vitro transcription and was transfected into MSCs. The expression of PTEN in transfected MSCs was detected by immunoblotting, and the migration ability of MSCs following PTEN-bearing mRNA transfection was verified using Transwell co-cultures. The indirect co-culture was used to determine the effects of PTEN-engineered MSCs on the viability of U251 glioma cells by luminescence and fluorescence microscopy. The synthesized PTEN mRNA was expressed in MSCs, and the expression was highest at 24 h subsequent to transfection. An enhanced migration rate was observed in MSCs transfected with PTEN mRNA compared with non-transfected MSCs (P<0.05). A significant inhibition of U251 cells was observed when the cells were cultured with conditioned medium from PTEN mRNA-engineered MSCs (P<0.05). The results suggested that anticancer gene-bearing mRNA synthesized in vitro is capable of being applied to a MSC-mediated anticancer strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Rong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yong Hu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ya Hong Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Jun Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Shun Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Dan Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Liu Jiao Bian
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Long Jun Dai
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Dong Sheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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12
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Alfranca A, Martinez-Cruzado L, Tornin J, Abarrategi A, Amaral T, de Alava E, Menendez P, Garcia-Castro J, Rodriguez R. Bone microenvironment signals in osteosarcoma development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3097-113. [PMID: 25935149 PMCID: PMC11113487 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The bone is a complex connective tissue composed of many different cell types such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells, among others. The interaction between them is finely balanced through the processes of bone formation and bone remodeling, which regulates the production and biological activity of many soluble factors and extracellular matrix components needed to maintain the bone homeostasis in terms of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Osteosarcoma (OS) emerges in this complex environment as a result of poorly defined oncogenic events arising in osteogenic lineage precursors. Increasing evidence supports that similar to normal development, the bone microenvironment (BME) underlies OS initiation and progression. Here, we recapitulate the physiological processes that regulate bone homeostasis and review the current knowledge about how OS cells and BME communicate and interact, describing how these interactions affect OS cell growth, metastasis, cancer stem cell fate and therapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantzazu Alfranca
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Martinez-Cruzado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Molecular Pathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBSAL-CIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Biobank, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique de Alava
- Molecular Pathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca-Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer (IBSAL-CIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Biobank, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Cell Therapy Program, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia-Castro
- Unidad de Biotecnología Celular, Área de Genética Humana, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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13
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Wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stromal cells: Biological properties, induction of neuronal phenotype and current applications in neurodegeneration research. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:329-38. [PMID: 25747736 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), can be isolated from bone marrow or other tissues, including fat, muscle and umbilical cord. It has been shown that MSC behave in vitro as stem cells: they self-renew and are able to differentiate into mature cells typical of several mesenchymal tissues. Moreover, the differentiation toward non-mesenchymal cell lineages (e.g. neurons) has been reported as well. The clinical relevance of these cells is mainly related to their ability to spontaneously migrate to the site of inflammation/damage, to their safety profile thanks to their low immunogenicity and to their immunomodulation capacities. To date, MSCs isolated from the post-natal bone marrow have represented the most extensively studied population of adult MSCs, in view of their possible use in various therapeutical applications. However, the bone marrow-derived MSCs exhibit a series of limitations, mainly related to their problematic isolation, culturing and use. In recent years, umbilical cord (UC) matrix (i.e. Wharton's jelly, WJ) stromal cells have therefore emerged as a more suitable alternative source of MSCs, thanks to their primitive nature and the easy isolation without relevant ethical concerns. This review seeks to provide an overview of the main biological properties of WJ-derived MSCs. Moreover, the potential application of these cells for the treatment of some known dysfunctions in the central and peripheral nervous system will also be discussed.
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14
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Lin PC, Chiou TW, Lin ZS, Huang KC, Lin YC, Huang PC, Syu WS, Harn HJ, Lin SZ. A proposed novel stem cell therapy protocol for liver cirrhosis. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:533-40. [PMID: 25671337 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is not an effective therapy for cirrhosis of the liver except for liver transplant. However, finding a compatible liver is difficult due to the low supply and increased demand for healthy livers. Stem cell therapy may be a solution for liver cirrhosis. In our previous report, stem cells from Wharton's jelly and bone marrow were shown to improve liver function in a chemically induced liver fibrosis animal model. However, the immunological rejection of an allograft is always a risk for clinical application. In this study proposal, we suggest using human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) because they are an immune-privileged cell type; they lack human leukocyte antigen-DR expression, and they also suppress the proliferation of activated allogenic lymphocytes and inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, ADSCs contain a sufficient amount of adult stem cells for autologous transplantation. Based on these benefits, ADSCs are promising candidates for clinical application when compared to other stem cell types. The aim of our study will be to investigate the safety and efficacy of autologous ADSCs for the clinical treatment of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Cheng Lin
- Department of Stem Cell Applied Technology, Gwo Xi Stem Cell Applied Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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15
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Rubio R, Abarrategi A, Garcia-Castro J, Martinez-Cruzado L, Suarez C, Tornin J, Santos L, Astudillo A, Colmenero I, Mulero F, Rosu-Myles M, Menendez P, Rodriguez R. Bone environment is essential for osteosarcoma development from transformed mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1136-48. [PMID: 24446210 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment plays a relevant role in cancer development. We have reported that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) deficient for p53 alone or together with RB (p53(-/-)RB(-/-)) originate leiomyosarcoma after subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation. Here, we show that intrabone or periosteal inoculation of p53(-/-) or p53(-/-)RB(-/-) bone marrow- or adipose tissue-derived MSCs originated metastatic osteoblastic osteosarcoma (OS). To assess the contribution of bone environment factors to OS development, we analyzed the effect of the osteoinductive factor bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and calcified substrates on p53(-/-)RB(-/-) MSCs. We show that BMP-2 upregulates the expression of osteogenic markers in a WNT signaling-dependent manner. In addition, the s.c. coinfusion of p53(-/-)RB(-/-) MSCs together with BMP-2 resulted in appearance of tumoral osteoid areas. Likewise, when p53(-/-)RB(-/-) MSCs were inoculated embedded in a calcified ceramic scaffold composed of hydroxyapatite and tricalciumphosphate (HA/TCP), tumoral bone formation was observed in the surroundings of the HA/TCP scaffold. Moreover, the addition of BMP-2 to the ceramic/MSC implants further increased the tumoral osteoid matrix. Together, these data indicate that bone microenvironment signals are essential to drive OS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rubio
- GENyO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Government, Granada, Spain
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16
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Rodriguez R, Tornin J, Suarez C, Astudillo A, Rubio R, Yauk C, Williams A, Rosu-Myles M, Funes JM, Boshoff C, Menendez P. Expression of FUS-CHOP fusion protein in immortalized/transformed human mesenchymal stem cells drives mixoid liposarcoma formation. Stem Cells 2014; 31:2061-72. [PMID: 23836491 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) may represent the target cell for sarcoma development. Although different sarcomas have been modeled in mice upon expression of fusion oncogenes in MSCs, sarcomagenesis has not been successfully modeled in human MSCs (hMSCs). We report that FUS-CHOP, a hallmark fusion gene in mixoid liposarcoma (MLS), has an instructive role in lineage commitment, and its expression in hMSC sequentially immortalized/transformed with up to five oncogenic hits (p53 and Rb deficiency, hTERT over-expression, c-myc stabilization, and H-RAS(v12) mutation) drives the formation of serially transplantable MLS. This is the first model of sarcoma based on the expression of a sarcoma-associated fusion protein in hMSC, and allowed us to unravel the differentiation processes and signaling pathways altered in the MLS-initiating cells. This study will contribute to test novel therapeutic approaches and constitutes a proof-of-concept to use hMSCs as target cell for modeling other fusion gene-associated human sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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17
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Electro-Acupuncture Promotes the Survival and Differentiation of Transplanted Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Pre-Induced with Neurotrophin-3 and Retinoic Acid in Gelatin Sponge Scaffold after Rat Spinal Cord Transection. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:612-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Wu W, Lan Q, Lu H, Xu J, Zhu A, Fang W, Ge F, Hui G. Human Amnion Mesenchymal Cells Negative Co-stimulatory Molecules PD-L1 Expression and Its Capacity of Modulating Microglial Activation of CNS. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 69:35-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Mesenchymal stem cell-like cells from children foreskin inhibit the growth of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 94:430-7. [PMID: 23421973 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) become a research hotspot in recent years because of their roles in regenerative medicine and tissue injury repair. However, the limited source for MSCs hampers its clinical application. In this study, we isolated and identified human mesenchymal stem cell-like cells from foreskin (hFMSCs) by explant culture. HFMSCs had similar morphology and immunophenotype to that of human bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells. HFMSCs formed colonies after 9 days of inoculation and could be propagated for more than 50 passages. HFMSCs had a normal karyotype and high G0/G1 phase independent of passage number. Further, hFMSCs could be induced to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes. We found that the growth of SGC-7901 (human gastric adenocarcinoma) cells could be suppressed by simultaneous injection of hFMSCs in vivo. HFMSCs also inhibited SGC-7901 cell proliferation in vitro. HFMSC co-injection resulted in a decrease in PCNA-positive and an increase in apoptotic tumor cells. HFMSCs derived conditioned medium inhibited the expression of BCL-2 while increased the expression of BAX and caspase-3 in SGC-7901 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that children foreskin is a new source for MSCs and hFMSCs could inhibit gastric cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo.
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20
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Fu W, Lv C, Zhuang W, Chen D, Lv E, Li F, Wang X. An effective inducer of dopaminergic neuron-like differentiation. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:427-34. [PMID: 25206684 PMCID: PMC4146134 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and passaged in vitro. After induction with basic fibroblast growth factor for 24 hours, passage 3 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were additionally induced into dopaminergic neurons using three different combinations with basic fibroblast growth factor as follows: 20% Xiangdan injection; all-trans retinoic acid + glial-derived neurotrophic factor; or sonic hedgehog + fibroblast growth factor 8. Results suggest that the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells showed typical neuronal morphological characteristics after induction. In particular, after treatment with sonic hedgehog + fibroblast growth factor 8, the expressions of nestin, neuron-specific enolase, microtubuleassociated protein 2, tyrosine hydroxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 in cells were significantly increased. Moreover, the levels of catecholamines in the culture supernatant were significantly increased. These findings indicate that Xiangdan injection, all-trans retinoic acid + glial-derived neurotrophic factor, and sonic hedgehog + fibroblast growth factor 8 can all induce dopaminergic neuronal differentiation from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. In particular, the efficiency of sonic hedgehog + fibroblast growth factor 8 was highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cui Lv
- Stem Cell Research and Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenxin Zhuang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - E Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengjie Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, stem cell therapy has been investigated as a promising approach for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This article reviews the biology of stem cells and their applications as a cell-based treatment for SUI. The current status and future direction of this forefront research in urinary incontinence are also examined. RECENT FINDINGS During the past decade, adult stem cells have been studied as a potential cell-based approach for the treatment of SUI. The results of current preclinical and clinical studies are presented. These studies demonstrated the improvement in histologic and functional outcomes with stem cell therapies for SUI. Adult stem cells may augment sphincter regeneration and also release trophic factors, promoting vessel and nerve integration into the generated tissues. So far, the findings of the clinical trials are less impressive than the results obtained with animal studies. SUMMARY Although stem cell therapy holds much promise for SUI, the clinical applications in patients have been slow to materialize. This challenge, together with the currently limited data on basic science studies and clinical trials, will undoubtedly stimulate new investigations in the near future.
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22
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Rubio R, Gutierrez-Aranda I, Sáez-Castillo AI, Labarga A, Rosu-Myles M, Gonzalez-Garcia S, Toribio ML, Menendez P, Rodriguez R. The differentiation stage of p53-Rb-deficient bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells imposes the phenotype of in vivo sarcoma development. Oncogene 2012; 32:4970-80. [PMID: 23222711 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) carrying specific mutations are at the origin of some sarcomas. We have reported that the deficiency of p53 alone or in combination with Rb (Rb(-/-) p53(-/-)) in adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) promotes leiomyosarcoma-like tumors in vivo. Here, we hypothesized that the source of MSCs and/or the cell differentiation stage could determine the phenotype of sarcoma development. To investigate whether there is a link between the source of MSCs and sarcoma phenotype, we generated p53(-/-) and Rb(-/-)p53(-/-) MSCs from bone marrow (BM-MSCs). Both genotypes of BM-MSCs initiated leiomyosarcoma formation similar to p53(-/-) and Rb(-/-)p53(-/-) ASCs. In addition, gene expression profiling revealed transcriptome similarities between p53- or Rb-p53-deficient BM-MSCs/ASCs and muscle-associated sarcomagenesis. These data suggest that the tissue source of MSC does not seem to determine the development of a particular sarcoma phenotype. To analyze whether the differentiation stage defines the sarcoma phenotype, BM-MSCs and ASCs were induced to differentiate toward the osteogenic lineage, and both p53 and Rb were excised using Cre-expressing adenovectors at different stages along osteogenic differentiation. Regardless the level of osteogenic commitment, the inactivation of Rb and p53 in BM-MSC-derived, but not in ASC-derived, osteogenic progenitors gave rise to osteosarcoma-like tumors, which could be serially transplanted. This indicates that the osteogenic differentiation stage of BM-MSCs imposes the phenotype of in vivo sarcoma development, and that BM-MSC-derived osteogenic progenitors rather than undifferentiated BM-MSCs, undifferentiated ASCs or ASC-derived osteogenic progenitors, represent the cell of origin for osteosarcoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rubio
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
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23
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Liu Y, Wang S, Shi S. The role of recipient T cells in mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue regeneration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:2044-50. [PMID: 22903019 PMCID: PMC3454862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in stem cell biology, regenerative medicine, and stem cell-based tissue engineering. Such scientific strides highlight the potential of replacing or repairing damaged tissues in congenital abnormalities, diseases, or injuries, as well as constructing functional tissue or organs in vivo. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into bone-forming cells, they constitute an appropriate cell source to repair damaged bone tissues. In addition, the immunoregulatory property of MSCs provides a foundation for their use in treating a variety of autoimmune diseases. However, the interaction between MSCs and immune cells in cell-based tissue regeneration is largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of MSC-based tissue regeneration, emphasizing the role of the immune microenvironment in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Faculty of Periodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Songlin Wang
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA 103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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24
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Hass R, Otte A. Mesenchymal stem cells as all-round supporters in a normal and neoplastic microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2012; 10:26. [PMID: 22943670 PMCID: PMC3444900 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-10-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent a heterogeneous population exhibiting stem cell-like properties which are distributed almost ubiquitously among perivascular niches of various human tissues and organs. Organismal requirements such as tissue damage determine interdisciplinary functions of resident MSC including self-renewal, migration and differentiation, whereby MSC support local tissue repair, angiogenesis and concomitant immunomodulation. However, growth of tumor cells and invasion also causes local tissue damage and injury which subsequently activates repair mechanisms and consequently, attracts MSC. Thereby, MSC exhibit a tissue-specific functional biodiversity which is mediated by direct cell-to-cell communication via adhesion molecule signaling and by a tightly regulated exchange of a multifactorial panel of cytokines, exosomes, and micro RNAs. Such interactions determine either tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibitory support by MSC. Moreover, fusion with necrotic/apoptotic tumor cell bodies contributes to re-program MSC into an aberrant phenotype also suggesting that tumor tissue in general represents different types of neoplastic cell populations including tumor-associated stem cell-like cells. The present work summarizes some functional characteristics and biodiversity of MSC and highlights certain controversial interactions with normal and tumorigenic cell populations, including associated modulations within the MSC microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Gynecology Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OE 6410), Medical University Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str, 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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