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Kukino A, Walbeek TJ, Sun LJ, Watt AT, Park JH, Kauffman AS, Butler MP. Mistimed restricted feeding disrupts circadian rhythms of male mating behavior and female preovulatory LH surges in mice. Horm Behav 2022; 145:105242. [PMID: 36054940 PMCID: PMC9728533 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, eating at atypical circadian times, such as during the biological rest phase when feeding is normally minimal, reduces fertility. Prior findings suggest this fertility impairment is due, at least in part, to reduced mating success. However, the physiological and behavioral mechanisms underlying this reproductive suppression are not known. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that mistimed feeding-induced infertility is due to a disruption in the normal circadian timing of mating behavior and/or the generation of pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surges (estrogen positive feedback). In the first experiment, male+female mouse pairs, acclimated to be food restricted to either the light (mistimed feeding) or dark (control feeding) phase, were scored for mounting frequency and ejaculations over 96 h. Male mounting behavior and ejaculations were distributed much more widely across the day in light-fed mice than in dark-fed controls and fewer light-fed males ejaculated. In the second experiment, the timing of the LH surge, a well characterized circadian event driven by estradiol (E2) and the SCN, was analyzed from serial blood samples taken from ovariectomized and E2-primed female mice that were light-, dark-, or ad-lib-fed. LH concentrations peaked 2 h after lights-off in both dark-fed and ad-lib control females, as expected, but not in light-fed females. Instead, the normally clustered LH surges were distributed widely with high inter-mouse variability in the light-fed group. These data indicate that mistimed feeding disrupts the temporal control of the neural processes underlying both ovulation and mating behavior, contributing to infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Kukino
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Thijs J Walbeek
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Lori J Sun
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Alexander T Watt
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Jin Ho Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alexander S Kauffman
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Matthew P Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America.
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2
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Riggle JP, Onishi KG, Love JA, Beach DE, Zucker I, Prendergast BJ. Spontaneous Recovery of Circadian Organization in Mice Lacking a Core Component of the Molecular Clockwork. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 37:94-109. [PMID: 34931572 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops of circadian clock genes and their protein products. Mice homozygous for a functional deletion in the Period-2 gene (Per2m/m mice) exhibit short free-running circadian periods and eventually lose behavioral circadian rhythmicity in constant darkness (DD). We investigated Per2m/m mice in DD for several months and identified a categorical sex difference in the dependence on Per2 for maintenance of circadian rhythms. Nearly all female Per2m/m mice became circadian arrhythmic in DD, whereas free-running rhythms persisted in 37% of males. Remarkably, with extended testing, Per2m/m mice did not remain arrhythmic in DD, but after varying intervals spontaneously recovered robust, free-running circadian rhythms, with periods shorter than those expressed prior to arrhythmia. Spontaneous recovery was strikingly sex-biased, occurring in 95% of females and 33% of males. Castration in adulthood resulted in male Per2m/m mice exhibiting female-like levels of arrhythmia in DD, but did not affect spontaneous recovery. The circadian pacemaker of many gonad-intact males, but not females, can persist in DD for long intervals without a functional PER2 protein; their circadian clocks may be in an unstable equilibrium, incapable of sustaining persistent coherent circadian organization, resulting in transient cycles of circadian organization and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Riggle
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kenneth G Onishi
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jharnae A Love
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dana E Beach
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Irving Zucker
- Department of Psychology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Brian J Prendergast
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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3
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Mohr MA, Wong AM, Sukumar G, Dalgard CL, Hong W, Wu TJ, Wu YE, Micevych PE. RNA-sequencing of AVPV and ARH reveals vastly different temporal and transcriptomic responses to estradiol in the female rat hypothalamus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256148. [PMID: 34407144 PMCID: PMC8372949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In females, estrogens have two main modes of action relating to gonadotropin secretion: positive feedback and negative feedback. Estrogen positive and negative feedback are controlled by different regions of the hypothalamus: the preoptic area/anterior portion (mainly the anteroventral periventricular nucleus, AVPV) of the hypothalamus is associated with estrogen positive feedback while the mediobasal hypothalamus (mainly the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, ARH), is associated with estrogen negative feedback. In this study, we examined the temporal pattern of gene transcription in these two regions following estrogen treatment. Adult, ovariectomized, Long Evans rats received doses of estradiol benzoate (EB) or oil every 4 days for 3 cycles. On the last EB priming cycle, hypothalamic tissues were dissected into the AVPV+ and ARH+ at 0 hrs (baseline/oil control), 6 hrs, or 24 hrs after EB treatment. RNA was extracted and sequenced using bulk RNA sequencing. Differential gene analysis, gene ontology, and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. Overall, we found that the AVPV+ and ARH+ respond differently to estradiol stimulation. In both regions, estradiol treatment resulted in more gene up-regulation than down-regulation. S100g was very strongly up-regulated by estradiol in both regions at 6 and 24 hrs after EB treatment. In the AVPV+ the highest number of differentially expressed genes occurred 24 hrs after EB. In the ARH+, the highest number of genes differentially expressed by EB occurred between 6 and 24 hrs after EB, while in the AVPV+, the fewest genes changed their expression between these time points, demonstrating a temporal difference in the way that EB regulates transcription these two areas. Several genes strongly implicated in gonadotropin release were differentially affected by estradiol including Esr1, encoding estrogen receptor-α and Kiss1, encoding kisspeptin. As an internal validation, Kiss1 was up-regulated in the AVPV+ and down-regulated in the ARH+. Gene network analysis revealed the vastly different clustering of genes modulated by estradiol in the AVPV+ compared with the ARH+. These results indicate that gene expression in these two hypothalamic regions have specific responses to estradiol in timing and direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Mohr
- Dept of Neurobiology, and the Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, UCLA DGSOM, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Wong
- Dept of Neurobiology, and the Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, UCLA DGSOM, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gauthaman Sukumar
- Dept of Gynecological Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Clifton L. Dalgard
- Dept of Gynecological Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weizhe Hong
- Dept of Neurobiology, and the Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, UCLA DGSOM, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - T. John Wu
- Dept of Gynecological Surgery and Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ye Emily Wu
- Dept of Neurobiology, and the Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, UCLA DGSOM, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Micevych
- Dept of Neurobiology, and the Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute, UCLA DGSOM, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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4
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Rzucidlo CL, Sperou ES, Holser RR, Khudyakov JI, Costa DP, Crocker DE. Changes in serum adipokines during natural extended fasts in female northern elephant seals. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 308:113760. [PMID: 33781740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is essential to endotherms for thermoregulation and energy storage as well as functioning as an endocrine organ. Adipose derived hormones, or adipokines, regulate metabolism, energy expenditure, reproduction, and immune function in model systems but are less well studied in wildlife. Female northern elephant seals (NES) achieve high adiposity during foraging and then undergo natural fasts up to five weeks long during haul-outs associated with reproduction and molting, resulting in large changes in adipose reserves. We measured circulating levels of four adipokines: leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and kisspeptin-54, in 196 serum samples from female NES at the beginning and end of their breeding and molting fasts. We examined the relationships between these adipokines and life-history stage, adiposity, mass, cortisol, and an immune cytokine involved in the innate immune response interleukin 6 (IL-6). All four adipokines varied with life-history stage. Leptin concentrations were highest at the beginning of the breeding haul-out. Resistin concentrations were higher throughout the breeding haul-out compared to the molt haul-out. Adiponectin concentrations were highest at the beginning of both haul-outs. Kisspeptin-54 concentrations were highest at the end of the breeding haul-out. Leptin, resistin, and adiponectin were associated with measures of body condition, either adiposity, mass, or both. Resistin, adiponectin, and kisspeptin-54 were associated with circulating cortisol concentrations. Resistin was strongly associated with circulating IL-6, a multifunctional cytokine. Adiponectin was associated with glucose concentrations, suggesting a potential role in tissue-specific insulin sensitivity during life-history stages categorized by high adiposity. Increased cortisol concentrations late in lactation were associated with increased kisspeptin-54, suggesting a link to ovulation initiation in NES. This study suggests dramatic changes in circulating adipokines with life-history and body condition that may exert important regulatory roles in NES. The positive relationship between adiponectin and adiposity as well as the lack of a relationship between leptin and kisspeptin-54 differed from model systems. These differences from biomedical model systems suggest the potential for modifications of expression and function of adipose-derived hormones in species that undergo natural changes in adiposity as part of their life-history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Rzucidlo
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, United States.
| | - Emily S Sperou
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, United States
| | - Rachel R Holser
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Jane I Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, United States
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, United States
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5
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Pilorz V, Kolms B, Oster H. Rapid Jetlag Resetting of Behavioral, Physiological, and Molecular Rhythms in Proestrous Female Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:612-627. [PMID: 33140660 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420965291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A gradual adaptation to a shifted light-dark (LD) cycle is a key element of the circadian clock system and believed to be controlled by the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Endocrine factors have a strong influence on the regulation of the circadian clock network and alter acute photic responses of the SCN clock. In females, endocrine function depends on the stage of the ovarian cycle. So far, however, little is known about the effect of the estrous cycle on behavioral and molecular responses to shifts in the LD rhythm. Based on this, we investigated whether estrous state affects the kinetics of phase shift during jetlag in behavior, physiology, and molecular clock rhythms in the SCN and in peripheral tissues. Female mice exposed to an advanced LD phase at proestrous or metestrous showed different phase-shift kinetics, with proestrous females displaying accelerated adaptation in behavior and physiology. Constant darkness release experiments suggest that these fast phase shifts do not reflect resetting of the SCN pacemaker. Explant experiments on SCN, adrenal gland, and uterus confirmed this finding with proestrous females showing significantly faster clock phase shifts in peripheral tissues compared with the SCN. Together, these findings provide strong evidence for an accelerated adaptation of proestrous compared with metestrous females to new LD conditions that is accompanied by rapid behavioral, physiological, and molecular rhythm resetting. Not only do these findings open up a new avenue to understand the effect of estrous cycle on the clock network under changing environmental conditions but also imply a greater susceptibility in proestrous females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Pilorz
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Beke Kolms
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
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6
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Mattam U, Talari NK, Paripati AK, Krishnamoorthy T, Sepuri NBV. Kisspeptin preserves mitochondrial function by inducing mitophagy and autophagy in aging rat brain hippocampus and human neuronal cell line. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118852. [PMID: 32926943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has become amply clear that mitochondrial function defined by quality, quantity, dynamics, homeostasis, and regulated by mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis is a critical metric of human aging and disease. As a consequence, therapeutic interventions that can improve mitochondrial function can have a profound impact on human health and longevity. Kisspeptins are neuropeptides belonging to the family of metastasis suppressors that are known to regulate functions like fertility, reproduction, and metabolism. Using SKNSH cell line, hippocampus explant cultures and hippocampus of aging Wistar rat models, we show that Kisspeptin-10 (Kp) induces autophagy and mitophagy via calcium, Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase (ULK1) signaling pathway that is independent of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Intriguingly, Kp administration in vivo also results in the enhancement of mitochondrial number, complex I activity, and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) levels. This study uncovers potential effects of Kp in protecting mitochondrial health and as a possible therapeutic intervention to hippocampus associated impairments such as memory, cognitive aging, and other diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushodaya Mattam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, T.S., India.
| | - Noble Kumar Talari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, T.S., India
| | - Arun Kumar Paripati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, T.S., India
| | - Thanuja Krishnamoorthy
- Vectrogen Biologicals Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, BioNEST, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, T.S., India
| | - Naresh Babu V Sepuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, T.S., India.
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7
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Sen A, Hoffmann HM. Role of core circadian clock genes in hormone release and target tissue sensitivity in the reproductive axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 501:110655. [PMID: 31756424 PMCID: PMC6962569 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Precise timing in hormone release from the hypothalamus, the pituitary and ovary is critical for fertility. Hormonal release patterns of the reproductive axis are regulated by a feedback loop within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. The timing and rhythmicity of hormone release and tissue sensitivity in the HPG axis is regulated by circadian clocks located in the hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic nucleus, kisspeptin and GnRH neurons), the pituitary (gonadotrophs), the ovary (theca and granulosa cells), the testis (Leydig cells), as well as the uterus (endometrium and myometrium). The circadian clocks integrate environmental and physiological signals to produce cell endogenous rhythms generated by a transcriptional-translational feedback loop of transcription factors that are collectively called the "molecular clock". This review specifically focuses on the contribution of molecular clock transcription factors in regulating hormone release patterns in the reproductive axis, with an emphasis on the female reproductive system. Specifically, we discuss the contributions of circadian rhythms in distinct neuronal populations of the female hypothalamus, the molecular clock in the pituitary and its overall impact on female and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritro Sen
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Science Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Hanne M Hoffmann
- Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Science Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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8
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Gotlieb N, Baker CN, Moeller J, Kriegsfeld LJ. Time-of-day-dependent sensitivity of the reproductive axis to RFamide-related peptide-3 inhibition in female Syrian hamsters. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12798. [PMID: 31550401 PMCID: PMC6991702 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In spontaneously ovulating rodent species, the timing of the luteinising hormone (LH) surge is controlled by the master circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN initiates the LH surge via the coordinated control of two opposing neuropeptidergic systems that lie upstream of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system: the stimulatory peptide, kisspeptin, and the inhibitory peptide, RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3; the mammalian orthologue of avian gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone [GnIH]). We have previously shown that the GnRH system exhibits time-dependent sensitivity to kisspeptin stimulation, further contributing to the precise timing of the LH surge. To examine whether this time-dependent sensitivity of the GnRH system is unique to kisspeptin or a more common mechanism of regulatory control, we explored daily changes in the response of the GnRH system to RFRP-3 inhibition. Female Syrian hamsters were ovariectomised to eliminate oestradiol (E2 )-negative-feedback and RFRP-3 or saline was centrally administered in the morning or late afternoon. LH concentrations and Lhβ mRNA expression did not differ between morning RFRP-3-and saline-treated groups, although they were markedly suppressed by RFRP-3 administration in the afternoon. However, RFRP-3 inhibition of circulating LH at the time of the surge does not appear to act via the GnRH system because no differences in medial preoptic area Gnrh or RFRP-3 receptor Gpr147 mRNA expression were observed. Rather, RFRP-3 suppressed arcuate nucleus Kiss1 mRNA expression and potentially impacted pituitary gonadotrophs directly. Taken together, these findings reveal time-dependent responsiveness of the reproductive axis to RFRP-3 inhibition, possibly via variation in the sensitivity of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurones to this neuropeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Gotlieb
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cydni N. Baker
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Moeller
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lance J. Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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9
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Simonneaux V. A Kiss to drive rhythms in reproduction. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:509-530. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Simonneaux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et IntégrativesCNRSUniversité de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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10
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Schafer D, Kane G, Colledge WH, Piet R, Herbison AE. Sex- and sub region-dependent modulation of arcuate kisspeptin neurones by vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal peptide. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12660. [PMID: 30422333 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A population of kisspeptin neurones located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARN) very likely represent the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone pulse generator responsible for driving pulsatile luteinising hormone secretion in mammals. As such, it has become important to understand the neural inputs that modulate the activity of ARN kisspeptin (ARNKISS ) neurones. Using a transgenic GCaMP6 mouse model allowing the intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+ ]i ) of individual ARNKISS neurones to be assessed simultaneously, we examined whether the circadian neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) modulated the activity of ARNKISS neurones directly. To validate this methodology, we initially evaluated the effects of neurokinin B (NKB) on [Ca2+ ]i in kisspeptin neurones residing within the rostral, middle and caudal ARN subregions of adult male and female mice. All experiments were undertaken in the presence of tetrodotoxin and ionotropic amino acid antagonists. NKB was found to evoke an abrupt increase in [Ca2+ ]i in 95%-100% of kisspeptin neurones throughout the ARN of both sexes. By contrast, both VIP and AVP were found to primarily activate kisspeptin neurones located in the caudal ARN of female mice. Although 58% and 59% of caudal ARN kisspeptin neurones responded to AVP and VIP, respectively, in female mice, only 0%-8% of kisspeptin neurones located in other ARN subregions responded in females and 0%-12% of cells in any subregion in males (P < 0.05). These observations demonstrate unexpected sex differences and marked heterogeneity in functional neuropeptide receptor expression amongst ARNKISS neurones organised on a rostro-caudal basis. The functional significance of this unexpected influence of VIP and AVP on ARNKISS neurones remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Schafer
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Grace Kane
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - William H Colledge
- Reproductive Physiology Group, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Piet
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Allan E Herbison
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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11
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Gotlieb N, Moeller J, Kriegsfeld LJ. Circadian Control of Neuroendocrine Function: Implications for Health and Disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 5:133-140. [PMID: 30957055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian timing system orchestrates daily rhythms in physiology and behavior via the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master brain clock. Because endocrine secretions have far-reaching influence on the brain and periphery, circadian regulation of hormones is essential for normal functioning and disruptions to circadian timing (e.g., irregular sleep patterns, limited exposure to sunlight, jet lag, nighttime light exposure) have detrimental health consequences. Herein, we provide an overview of circadian timing in three major endocrine axes, the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG), hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes, and then consider the negative health consequences of circadian disruptions in each of these systems. For example, disruptions to HPG axis circadian timing lead to a host of negative reproductive outcomes such as irregular menstrual cycles, low sperm density and increased rates of miscarriages and infertility. Dysregulation of HPA axis timing is associated with obesity and metabolic disease, whereas disruptions to the HPT axis are associated with dysregulated metabolic gene rhythms in the heart. Together, this overview underscores the significance of circadian endocrine rhythms in normal health and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Gotlieb
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Jacob Moeller
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720.,Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.,The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720
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12
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Wahab F, Atika B, Ullah F, Shahab M, Behr R. Metabolic Impact on the Hypothalamic Kisspeptin-Kiss1r Signaling Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:123. [PMID: 29643834 PMCID: PMC5882778 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of data has established the hypothalamic kisspeptin (KP) and its receptor, KISS1R, as major players in the activation of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis at the time of puberty and maintenance of reproductive capacity in the adult. Due to its strategic location, this ligand-receptor pair acts as an integrator of cues from gonadal steroids as well as of circadian and seasonal variation-related information on the reproductive axis. Besides these cues, the activity of the hypothalamic KP signaling is very sensitive to the current metabolic status of the body. In conditions of energy imbalance, either positive or negative, a number of alterations in the hypothalamic KP signaling pathway have been documented in different mammalian models including nonhuman primates and human. Deficiency of metabolic fuels during fasting causes a marked reduction of Kiss1 gene transcript levels in the hypothalamus and, hence, decreases the output of KP-containing neurons. Food intake or exogenous supply of metabolic cues, such as leptin, reverses metabolic insufficiency-related changes in the hypothalamic KP signaling. Likewise, alterations in Kiss1 expression have also been reported in other situations of energy imbalance like diabetes and obesity. Information related to the body's current metabolic status reaches to KP neurons both directly as well as indirectly via a complex network of other neurons. In this review article, we have provided an updated summary of the available literature on the regulation of the hypothalamic KP-Kiss1r signaling by metabolic cues. In particular, the potential mechanisms of metabolic impact on the hypothalamic KP-Kiss1r signaling, in light of available evidence, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Fazal Wahab,
| | - Bibi Atika
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Farhad Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Zeydabadi Nejad S, Ramezani Tehrani F, Zadeh-Vakili A. The Role of Kisspeptin in Female Reproduction. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 15:e44337. [PMID: 29201072 PMCID: PMC5702467 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.44337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Kisspeptin (KISS1), a recently discovered neuropeptide that acts upstream of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, is critical for maturation and function of the reproductive axis. This review aimed at providing comprehensive and up-to-date information on Kisspeptin and its role in female reproduction. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A literature review was performed using PubMed for all English language articles published between 1999 and 2016. RESULTS The kisspeptin system (KISS1/G protein-coupled receptor-54,GPR54) has recently been addressed as an essential gatekeeper of puberty onset and gonadotropin secretion. Compelling evidence has documented that hypothalamic Kisspeptin mediates steroid feedback and metabolic cues at different developmental stages throughout lifespan. Furthermore, in pre/postnatally androgenized animal models, which exhibit many of the characteristics of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), the hypothalamic expression of KISS1 and GnRH is abnormal, which might lead to multiple tissue abnormalities observed in this disorder. CONCLUSIONS Kisspeptin, a principal activator of GnRH neurons and the target of endocrine and metabolic cues, is a prerequisite for the onset of puberty and maintenance of normal reproductive function, as abnormal KISS1/GPR54 system has been reported in both animal models and patients with certain forms of infertility, e.g. Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and PCOS. The information suggests that kisspeptin or its receptor represents a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of patients with fertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Zeydabadi Nejad
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Azita Zadeh-Vakili
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Azita Zadeh-Vakili, PhD, Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122432513, Fax: +98-2122402463, E-mail:
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Excitability and Burst Generation of AVPV Kisspeptin Neurons Are Regulated by the Estrous Cycle Via Multiple Conductances Modulated by Estradiol Action. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0094-16. [PMID: 27280155 PMCID: PMC4895127 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0094-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The preovulatory secretory surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is crucial for fertility and is regulated by a switch of estradiol feedback action from negative to positive. GnRH neurons likely receive estradiol feedback signals via ERα-expressing afferents. Kisspeptin neurons in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) are thought to be critical for estradiol-positive feedback induction of the GnRH surge. We examined the electrophysiological properties of GFP-identified AVPV kisspeptin neurons in brain slices from mice on the afternoon of diestrus (negative feedback) and proestrus (positive feedback, time of surge). Extracellular recordings revealed increased firing frequency and action potential bursts on proestrus versus diestrus. Whole-cell recordings were used to study the intrinsic mechanisms of bursting. Upon depolarization, AVPV kisspeptin neurons exhibited tonic firing or depolarization-induced bursts (DIB). Both tonic and DIB cells exhibited bursts induced by rebound from hyperpolarization. DIB occurred similarly on both cycle stages, but rebound bursts were observed more often on proestrus. DIB and rebound bursts were both sensitive to Ni2+, suggesting that T-type Ca2+ currents (ITs) are involved. IT current density was greater on proestrus versus diestrus. In addition to IT, persistent sodium current (INaP) facilitated rebound bursting. On diestrus, 4-aminopyridine-sensitive potassium currents contributed to reduced rebound bursts in both tonic and DIB cells. Manipulation of specific sex steroids suggests that estradiol induces the changes that enhance AVPV kisspeptin neuron excitability on proestrus. These observations indicate cycle-driven changes in circulating estradiol increased overall action potential generation and burst firing in AVPV kisspeptin neurons on proestrus versus diestrus by regulating multiple intrinsic currents.
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Abstract
The endocrine hypothalamus constitutes those cells which project to the median eminence and secrete neurohormones into the hypophysial portal blood to act on cells of the anterior pituitary gland. The entire endocrine system is controlled by these peptides. In turn, the hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells are regulated by feedback signals from the endocrine glands and other circulating factors. The neuroendocrine cells are found in specific regions of the hypothalamus and are regulated by afferents from higher brain centers. Integrated function is clearly complex and the networks between and amongst the neuroendocrine cells allows fine control to achieve homeostasis. The entry of hormones and other factors into the brain, either via the cerebrospinal fluid or through fenestrated capillaries (in the basal hypothalamus) is important because it influences the extent to which feedback regulation may be imposed. Recent evidence of the passage of factors from the pars tuberalis and the median eminence casts a new layer in our understanding of neuroendocrine regulation. The function of neuroendocrine cells and the means by which pulsatile secretion is achieved is best understood for the close relationship between gonadotropin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone, which is reviewed in detail. The secretion of other neurohormones is less rigid, so the relationship between hypothalamic secretion and the relevant pituitary hormones is more complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Clarke
- Monash University, Department of Physiology, Clayton, Australia
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16
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Hu MH, Li XF, McCausland B, Li SY, Gresham R, Kinsey-Jones JS, Gardiner JV, Sam AH, Bloom SR, Poston L, Lightman SL, Murphy KG, O'Byrne KT. Relative Importance of the Arcuate and Anteroventral Periventricular Kisspeptin Neurons in Control of Puberty and Reproductive Function in Female Rats. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2619-31. [PMID: 25875299 PMCID: PMC4475719 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kisspeptin plays a critical role in pubertal timing and reproductive function. In rodents, kisspeptin perikarya within the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nuclei are thought to be involved in LH pulse and surge generation, respectively. Using bilateral microinjections of recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding kisspeptin antisense into the ARC or AVPV of female rats at postnatal day 10, we investigated the relative importance of these two kisspeptin populations in the control of pubertal timing, estrous cyclicity, and LH surge and pulse generation. A 37% knockdown of kisspeptin in the AVPV resulted in a significant delay in vaginal opening and first vaginal estrous, abnormal estrous cyclicity, and reduction in the occurrence of spontaneous LH surges, although these retained normal amplitude. This AVPV knockdown had no effect on LH pulse frequency, measured after ovariectomy. A 32% reduction of kisspeptin in the ARC had no effect on the onset of puberty but resulted in abnormal estrous cyclicity and decreased LH pulse frequency. Additionally, the knockdown of kisspeptin in the ARC decreased the amplitude but not the incidence of LH surges. These results might suggest that the role of AVPV kisspeptin in the control of pubertal timing is particularly sensitive to perturbation. In accordance with our previous studies, ARC kisspeptin signaling was critical for normal pulsatile LH secretion in female rats. Despite the widely reported role of AVPV kisspeptin neurons in LH surge generation, this study suggests that both AVPV and ARC populations are essential for normal LH surges and estrous cyclicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Hu
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - X F Li
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - B McCausland
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - S Y Li
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - R Gresham
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - J S Kinsey-Jones
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - J V Gardiner
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - A H Sam
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - S R Bloom
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - L Poston
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - S L Lightman
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - K G Murphy
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
| | - K T O'Byrne
- Division of Women's Health (M.H.H., X.F.L., B.M., S.Y.L., R.G., L.P., K.T.O.), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Section of Investigative Medicine (J.S.K.-J., J.V.G., A.H.S., S.R.B., K.G.M.), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom; and Henry Wellcome Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS13NY, United Kingdom
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Russo KA, La JL, Stephens SBZ, Poling MC, Padgaonkar NA, Jennings KJ, Piekarski DJ, Kauffman AS, Kriegsfeld LJ. Circadian Control of the Female Reproductive Axis Through Gated Responsiveness of the RFRP-3 System to VIP Signaling. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2608-18. [PMID: 25872006 PMCID: PMC4475714 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Throughout most of the ovulatory cycle, estrogen negative feedback restrains the GnRH neuronal system. Just before ovulation, however, estrogen negative feedback is removed to permit stimulation of the preovulatory GnRH/LH surge (positive feedback) by the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The mammalian ortholog of avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, RFamide-related peptide 3 (RFRP-3), participates in the circadian-timed removal of estrogen negative feedback to permit the LH surge. The present study examined the specific neurochemical means by which the SCN controls RFRP-3 activity and explored whether the RFRP-3 system exhibits time-dependent responsiveness to SCN signaling to precisely time the LH surge. We found that RFRP-3 cells in female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) receive close appositions from SCN-derived vasopressin-ergic and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-ergic terminal fibers. Central VIP administration markedly suppressed RFRP-3 cellular activity in the evening, but not the morning, relative to saline controls, whereas vasopressin was without effect at either time point. Double-label in situ hybridization for Rfrp-3 and the VIP receptors VPAC1 and VPAC2 revealed that the majority of RFRP-3 cells do not coexpress either receptor in Syrian hamsters or mice, suggesting that SCN VIP-ergic signaling inhibits RFRP-3 cells indirectly. The timing of this VIP-mediated disinhibition is further coordinated via temporally gated responsiveness of RFRP-3 cells to circadian signaling. Together, these findings reveal a novel circadian hierarchy of control coordinating the preovulatory LH surge and ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Russo
- Department of Psychology (K.A.R., J.L.L., N.A.P., K.J.J., D.J.P., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Reproductive Medicine (S.B.Z.S., M.C.P., A.S.K.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Janet L La
- Department of Psychology (K.A.R., J.L.L., N.A.P., K.J.J., D.J.P., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Reproductive Medicine (S.B.Z.S., M.C.P., A.S.K.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Shannon B Z Stephens
- Department of Psychology (K.A.R., J.L.L., N.A.P., K.J.J., D.J.P., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Reproductive Medicine (S.B.Z.S., M.C.P., A.S.K.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Matthew C Poling
- Department of Psychology (K.A.R., J.L.L., N.A.P., K.J.J., D.J.P., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Reproductive Medicine (S.B.Z.S., M.C.P., A.S.K.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Namita A Padgaonkar
- Department of Psychology (K.A.R., J.L.L., N.A.P., K.J.J., D.J.P., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Reproductive Medicine (S.B.Z.S., M.C.P., A.S.K.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Kimberly J Jennings
- Department of Psychology (K.A.R., J.L.L., N.A.P., K.J.J., D.J.P., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Reproductive Medicine (S.B.Z.S., M.C.P., A.S.K.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - David J Piekarski
- Department of Psychology (K.A.R., J.L.L., N.A.P., K.J.J., D.J.P., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Reproductive Medicine (S.B.Z.S., M.C.P., A.S.K.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Alexander S Kauffman
- Department of Psychology (K.A.R., J.L.L., N.A.P., K.J.J., D.J.P., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Reproductive Medicine (S.B.Z.S., M.C.P., A.S.K.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology (K.A.R., J.L.L., N.A.P., K.J.J., D.J.P., L.J.K.) and The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (L.J.K.), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720; and Department of Reproductive Medicine (S.B.Z.S., M.C.P., A.S.K.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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Wahab F, Shahab M, Behr R. The involvement of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone and kisspeptin in the metabolic regulation of reproduction. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:R49-66. [PMID: 25957191 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, kisspeptin (KP) and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), two counteracting neuropeptides, have been acknowledged as significant regulators of reproductive function. KP stimulates reproduction while GnIH inhibits it. These two neuropeptides seem to be pivotal for the modulation of reproductive activity in response to internal and external cues. It is well-documented that the current metabolic status of the body is closely linked to its reproductive output. However, how reproductive function is regulated by the body's energy status is less clear. Recent studies have suggested an active participation of hypothalamic KP and GnIH in the modulation of reproductive function according to available metabolic cues. Expression of KISS1, the KP encoding gene, is decreased while expression of RFRP (NPVF), the gene encoding GnIH, is increased in metabolic deficiency conditions. The lower levels of KP, as suggested by a decrease in KISS1 gene mRNA expression, during metabolic deficiency can be corrected by administration of exogenous KP, which leads to an increase in reproductive hormone levels. Likewise, administration of RF9, a GnIH receptor antagonist, can reverse the inhibitory effect of fasting on testosterone in monkeys. Together, it is likely that the integrated function of both these hypothalamic neuropeptides works as a reproductive output regulator in response to a change in metabolic status. In this review, we have summarized literature from nonprimate and primate studies that demonstrate the involvement of KP and GnIH in the metabolic regulation of reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wahab
- Stem Cell Biology Unit Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Shahab
- Stem Cell Biology Unit Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R Behr
- Stem Cell Biology Unit Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Laboratory of Reproductive Neuroendocrinology Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quiad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kauffman AS, Sun Y, Kim J, Khan AR, Shu J, Neal-Perry G. Vasoactive intestinal peptide modulation of the steroid-induced LH surge involves kisspeptin signaling in young but not in middle-aged female rats. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2222-32. [PMID: 24654782 PMCID: PMC4020928 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related LH surge dysfunction in middle-aged rats is characterized, in part, by reduced responsiveness to estradiol (E2)-positive feedback and reduced hypothalamic kisspeptin neurotransmission. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus project to hypothalamic regions that house kisspeptin neurons. Additionally, middle-age females express less VIP mRNA in the suprachiasmatic nucleus on the day of the LH surge and intracerebroventricular (icv) VIP infusion restores LH surges. We tested the hypothesis that icv infusion of VIP modulates the LH surge through effects on the kisspeptin and RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3; an estradiol-regulated inhibitor of GnRH neurons) neurotransmitter systems. Brains were collected for in situ hybridization analyses from ovariectomized and ovarian hormone-primed young and middle-aged females infused with VIP or saline. The percentage of GnRH and Kiss1 cells coexpressing cfos and total Kiss1 mRNA were reduced in saline-infused middle-aged compared with young females. In young females, VIP reduced the percentage of GnRH and Kiss1 cells coexpressing cfos, suggesting that increased VIP signaling in young females adversely affected the function of Kiss1 and GnRH neurons. In middle-aged females, VIP increased the percentage of GnRH but not Kiss1 neurons coexpressing cfos, suggesting VIP affects LH release in middle-aged females through kisspeptin-independent effects on GnRH neurons. Neither reproductive age nor VIP affected Rfrp cell number, Rfrp mRNA levels per cell, or coexpression of cfos in Rfrp cells. These data suggest that VIP differentially affects activation of GnRH and kisspeptin neurons of female rats in an age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Kauffman
- Department of Reproductive Medicine (A.S.K., J.K., A.R.K.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's Health (Y.S., J.S., G.N.-P., Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; and Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience (G.N.-P.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Kisspeptin-10 modulates the proliferation and differentiation of the rhesus monkey derived stem cell line: R366.4. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:135470. [PMID: 24381507 PMCID: PMC3863535 DOI: 10.1155/2013/135470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhesus monkey embryonic stem cell line R366.4 has been identified to differentiate into a number of cell types. However, it has not been well characterized for its response to drugs affecting reproductive endocrinology. Kisspeptins (KPs) are ligands for the GPR-54, which is known to modulate reproductive function. The current study was designed to determine the effect of the KP-10 peptide on R366.4 cells and to investigate the role of KP-GPR54 in the cell proliferation process. Four different doses (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM) of KP-10 and control were selected to evaluate cell growth parameters and cellular morphological changes over a 72 hr period. The cells were treated with kisspeptin-10 during the early rosette stage. Proliferation rates, analyzed by flow cytometry and cell count methods, were found to be decreased after treatment. Moreover, the number of rosettes was found to decrease following KP-10 treatments. Morphological changes consisting of neuronal projections were also witnessed. This suggested that KP-10 had an antiproliferative effect on R366.4 cells leading to a differentiation state and morphological changes consistent with neuronal stem cell development. The R366.4 stem cell line differentiates based on kisspeptin signaling and may be used to investigate reproductive cell endocrinology in vitro.
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