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González-Carranza ZH, Zhang X, Peters JL, Boltz V, Szecsi J, Bendahmane M, Roberts JA. HAWAIIAN SKIRT controls size and floral organ number by modulating CUC1 and CUC2 expression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185106. [PMID: 28934292 PMCID: PMC5608315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana F-box gene HAWAIIAN SKIRT (HWS) affects organ growth and the timing of floral organ abscission. The loss-of-function hws-1 mutant exhibits fused sepals and increased organ size. To understand the molecular mechanisms of HWS during plant development, we mutagenized hws-1 seeds with ethylmethylsulphonate (EMS) and screened for mutations suppressing hws-1 associated phenotypes. We isolated the shs1/hws-1 (suppressor of hws-1) mutant in which hws-1 sepal fusion phenotype was suppressed. The shs1/hws-1 mutant carries a G→A nucleotide substitution in the MIR164 binding site of CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 1 (CUC1) mRNA. CUC1 and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON 2 (CUC2) transcript levels were altered in shs1, renamed cuc1-1D, and in hws-1 mutant. Genetic interaction analyses using single, double and triple mutants of cuc1-1D, cuc2-1D (a CUC2 mutant similar to cuc1-1D), and hws-1, demonstrate that HWS, CUC1 and CUC2 act together to control floral organ number. Loss of function of HWS is associated with larger petal size due to alterations in cell proliferation and mitotic growth, a role shared with the CUC1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinnia H. González-Carranza
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Janny L. Peters
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Boltz
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univesité de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Judit Szecsi
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univesité de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mohammed Bendahmane
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univesité de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremy A. Roberts
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
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Brophy JAN, LaRue T, Dinneny JR. Understanding and engineering plant form. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 79:68-77. [PMID: 28864344 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A plant's form is an important determinant of its fitness and economic value. Here, we review strategies for producing plants with altered forms. Historically, the process of changing a plant's form has been slow in agriculture, requiring iterative rounds of growth and selection. We discuss modern techniques for identifying genes involved in the development of plant form and tools that will be needed to effectively design and engineer plants with altered forms. Synthetic genetic circuits are highlighted for their potential to generate novel plant forms. We emphasize understanding development as a prerequisite to engineering and discuss the potential role of computer models in translating knowledge about single genes or pathways into a more comprehensive understanding of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A N Brophy
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Therese LaRue
- Stanford University, Department of Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - José R Dinneny
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Huang Z, Shi T, Zheng B, Yumul RE, Liu X, You C, Gao Z, Xiao L, Chen X. APETALA2 antagonizes the transcriptional activity of AGAMOUS in regulating floral stem cells in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:1197-1209. [PMID: 27604611 PMCID: PMC5342953 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
APETALA2 (AP2) is best known for its function in the outer two floral whorls, where it specifies the identities of sepals and petals by restricting the expression of AGAMOUS (AG) to the inner two whorls in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we describe a role of AP2 in promoting the maintenance of floral stem cell fate, not by repressing AG transcription, but by antagonizing AG activity in the center of the flower. We performed a genetic screen with ag-10 plants, which exhibit a weak floral determinacy defect, and isolated a mutant with a strong floral determinacy defect. This mutant was found to harbor another mutation in AG and was named ag-11. We performed a genetic screen in the ag-11 background to isolate mutations that suppress the floral determinacy defect. Two suppressor mutants were found to harbor mutations in AP2. While AG is known to shut down the expression of the stem cell maintenance gene WUSCHEL (WUS) to terminate floral stem cell fate, AP2 promotes the expression of WUS. AP2 does not repress the transcription of AG in the inner two whorls, but instead counteracts AG activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth DevelopmentHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesInstitute of Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA92521USA
| | - Ting Shi
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesInstitute of Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA92521USA
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNo. 1 WeigangNanjing210095China
| | - Binglian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and DevelopmentInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Rae Eden Yumul
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesInstitute of Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA92521USA
| | - Xigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang050021China
| | - Chenjiang You
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesInstitute of Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA92521USA
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant EpigeneticsCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
| | - Zhihong Gao
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNo. 1 WeigangNanjing210095China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth DevelopmentHunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesInstitute of Integrative Genome BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA92521USA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCA92521USA
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Dinh TT, Chen X. Chemical genetic screens using Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown on solid medium. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1263:111-25. [PMID: 25618340 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2269-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetic screening has been a powerful tool in identifying new genes in a pathway of interest (forward genetics) or attributing function to a particular gene via mutagenesis (reverse genetics). Small molecule-based chemical genetics is increasingly adapted in Arabidopsis research as a tool for similar purposes, i.e., to identify genes involved in certain biological processes and to dissect the biological roles of a gene. Chemical genetic screens have been successful in circumventing genetic redundancy to assign biological roles to a gene family as well as novel functions for well-known genes. Here, we describe how to screen Arabidopsis seedlings grown on solid medium with chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Theresa Dinh
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Liu X, Dinh TT, Li D, Shi B, Li Y, Cao X, Guo L, Pan Y, Jiao Y, Chen X. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3 integrates the functions of AGAMOUS and APETALA2 in floral meristem determinacy. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:629-41. [PMID: 25187180 PMCID: PMC4215321 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3 (ARF3) belongs to the auxin response factor (ARF) family that regulates the expression of auxin-responsive genes. ARF3 is known to function in leaf polarity specification and gynoecium patterning. In this study, we discovered a previously unknown role for ARF3 in floral meristem (FM) determinacy through the isolation and characterization of a mutant of ARF3 that enhanced the FM determinacy defects of agamous (ag)-10, a weak ag allele. Central players in FM determinacy include WUSCHEL (WUS), a gene critical for FM maintenance, and AG and APETALA2 (AP2), which regulate FM determinacy by repression and promotion of WUS expression, respectively. We showed that ARF3 confers FM determinacy through repression of WUS expression, and associates with the WUS locus in part in an AG-dependent manner. We demonstrated that ARF3 is a direct target of AP2 and partially mediates AP2's function in FM determinacy. ARF3 exhibits dynamic and complex expression patterns in floral organ primordia; altering the patterns spatially compromised FM determinacy. This study uncovered a role for ARF3 in FM determinacy and revealed relationships among genes in the genetic network governing FM determinacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xigang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural, Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and, Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Corresponding authors. , , Address: Center for Agricultural Resources Research, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China. Tel: 86-311-85810502, Fax: 86-311-85815093
| | - Thanh Theresa Dinh
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Dongming Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural, Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and, Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Bihai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental, Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural, Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and, Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Xiuwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural, Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and, Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural, Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and, Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Yanyun Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental, Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Corresponding authors. , , Address: Center for Agricultural Resources Research, 286 Huaizhong Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China. Tel: 86-311-85810502, Fax: 86-311-85815093
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