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Yang D, Li X, Li J, Liu Z, Li T, Liao P, Luo X, Liu Z, Ming W, Liao G. Fully Synthetic TF-Based Self-Adjuvanting Vaccine Simultaneously Triggers iNKT Cells and Mincle and Protects Mice against Tumor Development. J Med Chem 2024; 67:17640-17656. [PMID: 39302195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen has proven to be a promising target for developing novel therapeutic cancer vaccines. Here, a new strategy that TF antigen covalently coupled with KRN7000 and vizantin was developed. The resulting three-component vaccine KRN7000-TF-vizantin simultaneously triggers invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) signaling pathways, eliciting much stronger TF-specific immune responses than glycoprotein vaccine TF-KLH/alum and the corresponding two-component conjugate vaccines TF-KRN7000 and TF-vizantin. The analysis of IgG isotypes and the secretion of cytokines revealed that KRN7000-TF-vizantin induced Th1/Th2 mixed immune responses, where Th1 was dominant. In vivo experiments demonstrated that KRN7000-TF-vizantin increased the survival rate and survival time of tumor-challenged mice, and surviving mice rejected further tumor attacks without any additional treatment. This work demonstrates that covalently coupled KRN7000 and vizantin could serve as a promising TF-based vaccine carrier for antitumor immune therapy, and KRN7000-TF-vizantin features great potential to be a vaccine candidate.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/immunology
- Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate/chemistry
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Female
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Adjuvants, Vaccine/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Deying Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinmei Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zichun Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pan Liao
- Guangzhou Yuemei Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenbo Ming
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guochao Liao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Troncoso MF, Elola MT, Blidner AG, Sarrias L, Espelt MV, Rabinovich GA. The universe of galectin-binding partners and their functions in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105400. [PMID: 37898403 PMCID: PMC10696404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, play key roles in diverse biological processes including tissue repair, adipogenesis, immune cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. Dysregulation of galectins and their ligands has been observed in a wide range of pathologic conditions including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Through protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions, these endogenous lectins can shape the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of these processes, suggesting their potential roles in disease monitoring and treatment. However, despite considerable progress, a full understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of galectins has not been reached due to their diversity, multiplicity of cell targets, and receptor promiscuity. In this article, we discuss the multiple galectin-binding partners present in different cell types, focusing on their contributions to selected physiologic and pathologic settings. Understanding the molecular bases of galectin-ligand interactions, particularly their glycan-dependency, the biochemical nature of selected receptors, and underlying signaling events, might contribute to designing rational therapeutic strategies to control a broad range of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Dragon AC, Beermann LM, Umland M, Bonifacius A, Malinconico C, Ruhl L, Kehler P, Gellert J, Weiß L, Mayer-Hain S, Zimmermann K, Riese S, Thol F, Beutel G, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Yamamoto F, Blasczyk R, Schambach A, Hust M, Hudecek M, Eiz-Vesper B. CAR-Ts redirected against the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen CD176 mediate specific elimination of malignant cells from leukemia and solid tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1219165. [PMID: 37915564 PMCID: PMC10616308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells (CAR-Ts) are investigated in various clinical trials for the treatment of cancer entities beyond hematologic malignancies. A major hurdle is the identification of a target antigen with high expression on the tumor but no expression on healthy cells, since "on-target/off-tumor" cytotoxicity is usually intolerable. Approximately 90% of carcinomas and leukemias are positive for the Thomsen-Friedenreich carbohydrate antigen CD176, which is associated with tumor progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. In contrast, CD176 is not accessible for ligand binding on healthy cells due to prolongation by carbohydrate chains or sialylation. Thus, no "on-target/off-tumor" cytotoxicity and low probability of antigen escape is expected for corresponding CD176-CAR-Ts. Methods Using the anti-CD176 monoclonal antibody (mAb) Nemod-TF2, the presence of CD176 was evaluated on multiple healthy or cancerous tissues and cells. To target CD176, we generated two different 2nd generation CD176-CAR constructs differing in spacer length. Their specificity for CD176 was tested in reporter cells as well as primary CD8+ T cells upon co-cultivation with CD176+ tumor cell lines as models for CD176+ blood and solid cancer entities, as well as after unmasking CD176 on healthy cells by vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) treatment. Following that, both CD176-CARs were thoroughly examined for their ability to initiate target-specific T-cell signaling and activation, cytokine release, as well as cytotoxicity. Results Specific expression of CD176 was detected on primary tumor tissues as well as on cell lines from corresponding blood and solid cancer entities. CD176-CARs mediated T-cell signaling (NF-κB activation) and T-cell activation (CD69, CD137 expression) upon recognition of CD176+ cancer cell lines and unmasked CD176, whereby a short spacer enabled superior target recognition. Importantly, they also released effector molecules (e.g. interferon-γ, granzyme B and perforin), mediated cytotoxicity against CD176+ cancer cells, and maintained functionality upon repetitive antigen stimulation. Here, CD176L-CAR-Ts exhibited slightly higher proliferation and mediator-release capacities. Since both CD176-CAR-Ts did not react towards CD176- control cells, their response proved to be target-specific. Discussion Genetically engineered CD176-CAR-Ts specifically recognize CD176 which is widely expressed on cancer cells. Since CD176 is masked on most healthy cells, this antigen and the corresponding CAR-Ts represent a promising approach for the treatment of various blood and solid cancers while avoiding "on-target/off-tumor" cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Christina Dragon
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Luca Marie Beermann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Melina Umland
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Agnes Bonifacius
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Chiara Malinconico
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Louisa Ruhl
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Katharina Zimmermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Riese
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Felicitas Thol
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gernot Beutel
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
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4
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Eldesouki RE, Wu C, Saleh FM, Mohammed EAM, Younes S, Hassan NE, Brown TC, Alt EU, Robinson JE, Badr FM, Braun SE. Identification and Targeting of Thomsen-Friedenreich and IL1RAP Antigens on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells Using Bi-Specific Antibodies. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:609-621. [PMID: 33519209 PMCID: PMC7837560 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s255299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Quiescent leukemia stem cells (LSCs) play a major role in therapeutic resistance and disease progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). LSCs belong to the primitive population; CD34+CD38-Lin-, which does not distinguish normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from CML LSCs. Because Thomsen–Friedenreich/CD176 antigen is expressed on CD34+ HSC and IL1RAP is tightly correlated to BCR-ABL expression, we sought to increase the specificity towards LSC by using additional biomarkers. Methods We evaluated the co-expression of both antigens on CD34+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both healthy volunteers and CML patients, using flow cytometry. Then, we used site-directed mutagenesis to induce knob-in-hole mutations in the human IgG heavy chain and the human lambda light chain to generate the bi-specific antibody (Bis-Ab) TF/RAP that binds both antigens simultaneously. We measured complement-directed cytotoxicity (CDC) in CML samples with the Bis-Ab by flow cytometry. Results In contrast to healthy volunteers, CML samples displayed a highly significant co-expression of CD176 and IL1RAP. When either a double-positive cell line or CML samples were treated with increasing doses of Bis-Ab, increased binding and CDC was observed indicating co-operative binding of the Bis-Ab as compared to monoclonal antibodies. Discussion These results show that the bi-specific antibody is capable of targeting IL1RAP+ and CD176+ cell population among CML PBMCs, but not corresponding normal cells in CDC assay. We hereby offer a novel strategy for the depletion of CML stem cells from the bulk population in clinical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda E Eldesouki
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Chengxiang Wu
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Fayez M Saleh
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Abdel-Moemen Mohammed
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Soha Younes
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Theresa C Brown
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Eckhard U Alt
- Applied Stem Cell Laboratory, Departments of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James E Robinson
- Sections of Infectious Disease, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fouad Mohamed Badr
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Stephen E Braun
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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5
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Peng Y, Zhan XX, Cao Y, Zhang HW, Cao WH, Su YJ, Diao C, Sun QM, Cheng RC. The Potential Action of Thomsen-Friedenreich Monoclonal Antibody (A78-G/A7) in Thyroid Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8677-8689. [PMID: 32982276 PMCID: PMC7500363 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s261685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thomsen–Friedenreich antibody (TF-Ab) is a specific antibody against the Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen (TF-Ag). At present, studies on a number of other tumors have shown that TF-Ab can effectively inhibit metastasis and induce apoptosis in tumor cells. However, the role of TF-Ab in thyroid cancer (TC) remains unclear. Materials and Methods Normal subjects and patients with primary papillary TC with or without lymph node metastasis were tested for TF-Ab expression by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Immunofluorescence was used to assess the expression of TF-Ag in thyroid papillary carcinoma with or without lymph node metastasis and undifferentiated cancer tissues. To evaluate the role of TF-Ab in TC, the effects of TF monoclonal antibody (mAb A78-G/A7) on cell biological function were investigated by MTT assays, flow cytometry, adhesion assays and transwell experiments. Results Compared with normal individuals, TF-Ab levels in patients with TC were decreased, but no changes were observed with respect to lymph node metastasis. The expression of TF-Ag in TC tissues was relatively higher than that detected in adjacent tissues, but it was not affected by the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis. Upon treatment mAb A78-G/A7 treating, TC cell cycles were affected, meanwhile the abilities to adhere, invade and migrate were also significantly reduced. Conclusion The results of the present study showed that mAb A78-G/A7 could affect the invasion and migration of all assayed TC cell lines. The effects of mAb A78-G/A7 on the cell cycle, adhesion, invasion and migration of TC cells were more significant than those observed for proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Kunming Medical University of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Zhan
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cao
- Longyan Jianhai Medical and Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Longyan, Fujian 364000, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Wen Zhang
- Kunming Medical University of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Han Cao
- Kunming Medical University of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China.,Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jun Su
- Kunming Medical University of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China.,Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Diao
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Ming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Chuan Cheng
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People's Republic of China
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Bertuzzi S, Quintana JI, Ardá A, Gimeno A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Targeting Galectins With Glycomimetics. Front Chem 2020; 8:593. [PMID: 32850631 PMCID: PMC7426508 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among glycan-binding proteins, galectins, β-galactoside-binding lectins, exhibit relevant biological roles and are implicated in many diseases, such as cancer and inflammation. Their involvement in crucial pathologies makes them interesting targets for drug discovery. In this review, we gather the last approaches toward the specific design of glycomimetics as potential drugs against galectins. Different approaches, either using specific glycomimetic molecules decorated with key functional groups or employing multivalent presentations of lactose and N-acetyl lactosamine analogs, have provided promising results for binding and modulating different galectins. The review highlights the results obtained with these approximations, from the employment of S-glycosyl compounds to peptidomimetics and multivalent glycopolymers, mostly employed to recognize and/or detect hGal-1 and hGal-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bertuzzi
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Jon I Quintana
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country - UPV-EHU, Leioa, Spain
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7
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Heublein S, Egger M, Zhu J, Berger L, Mayr D, Schindlbeck C, Kuhn C, Hofmann SS, Schuetz F, Jeschke U, Ditsch N. Evaluation of the anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich antibodies Nemod-TF1 and Nemod-TF2 as prognostic markers in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 179:643-652. [PMID: 31828591 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The TF (Thomsen-Friedenreich, CD176, Galβ1-3GalNAc) carbohydrate moiety is known as a specific oncofetal carbohydrate epitope present in fetal and neoplastic tissue as well as in stem cells. TF was demonstrated to mediate tumor-promoting features and to be highly immunogenic. The current study aimed to evaluate whether presence of the TF antigen is associated with clinico-pathological parameters and prognosis of early breast cancer (BC). METHODS Primary BC tissue (n = 226) was stained for TF using two monoclonal anti-TF antibodies (Nemod-TF1, Nemod-TF2). Staining results were correlated to clinical data including survival. RESULTS Nemod-TF1 staining was positively correlated to lymph node metastasis (p = 0.03) and the presence of tumor-associated MUC1 (TA-MUC1; p = 0.003). Further, the presence of the Nemod-TF1 epitope predicted worse prognosis in TA-MUC1 positive (overall survival: p = 0.026) as well as in triple negative (overall survival: p = 0.002; distant metastasis-free survival: p = 0.012) BC. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here further support a role of TF in BC tumor biology. Whether anti-TF directed treatment approaches may gain clinical relevance in those cases determined as triple negative or TA-MUC1 positive remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Egger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,St. Anna Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Junyan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa Berger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone S Hofmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Schuetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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8
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Cluster binding studies with two anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (anti-core-1, CD176, TF) antibodies: Evidence for a multiple TF epitope. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:186-194. [PMID: 30999209 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes are often of the IgM isotype and require multiple binding for sufficient avidity. Therefore clusters of epitopes are preferred antigenic sites in these cases. We have examined the type of clusters recognized by two anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF, core-1, CD176) IgM antibodies, NM-TF1 and NM-TF2, using several different sets of TF-carrying synthetic glycoconjugates in ELISA experiments. To our surprise, the single most important factor determining binding strength was a close vicinity of several TF glycans at distances of ≤1 nm. Considering the known dimensions of IgM antibodies, our data strongly suggest that a cluster of up to four TF moieties, presenting as a "multiple epitope", is required to attach to a single combining site in order to result in adequate binding strength. This effect can also be achieved by "surrogate-multiple epitopes" consisting of separate TF-carrying molecules in close vicinity. In addition, it was found that serine-linked TFs are stronger bound than threonine-linked TFs by both antibodies. This peculiar type of cluster recognition may contribute to improved avidity and explicit tumor specificity.
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9
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Karacosta LG, Fisk JC, Jessee J, Tati S, Turner B, Ghazal D, Ludwig R, Johnson H, Adams J, Sajjad M, Koury S, Roy R, Olson JR, Rittenhouse-Olson K. Preclinical Analysis of JAA-F11, a Specific Anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich Antibody via Immunohistochemistry and In Vivo Imaging. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:450-466. [PMID: 29477636 PMCID: PMC5834658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor specificity of JAA-F11, a novel monoclonal antibody specific for the Thomsen-Friedenreich cancer antigen (TF-Ag-alpha linked), has been comprehensively studied by in vitro immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of human tumor and normal tissue microarrays and in vivo biodistribution and imaging by micro-positron emission tomography imaging in breast and lung tumor models in mice. The IHC analysis detailed herein is the comprehensive biological analysis of the tumor specificity of JAA-F11 antibody performed as JAA-F11 is progressing towards preclinical safety testing and clinical trials. Wide tumor reactivity of JAA-F11, relative to the matched mouse IgG3 (control), was observed in 85% of 1269 cases of breast, lung, prostate, colon, bladder, and ovarian cancer. Staining on tissues from breast cancer cases was similar regardless of hormonal or Her2 status, and this is particularly important in finding a target on the currently untargetable triple-negative breast cancer subtype. Humanization of JAA-F11 was recently carried out as explained in a companion paper "Humanization of JAA-F11, a Highly Specific Anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich Pancarcinoma Antibody and In Vitro Efficacy Analysis" (Neoplasia 19: 716-733, 2017), and it was confirmed that humanization did not affect chemical specificity. IHC studies with humanized JAA-F11 showed similar binding to human breast tumor tissues. In vivo imaging and biodistribution studies in a mouse syngeneic breast cancer model and in a mouse-human xenograft lung cancer model with humanized 124I- JAA-F11 construct confirmed in vitro tumor reactivity and specificity. In conclusion, the tumor reactivity of JAA-F11 supports the continued development of JAA-F11 as a targeted cancer therapeutic for multiple cancers, including those with unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bradley Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
| | | | | | | | - Julia Adams
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Munawwar Sajjad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Steven Koury
- Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Rene Roy
- Glycovax Pharma Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - James R Olson
- For-Robin, Inc, Buffalo, NY; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
| | - Kate Rittenhouse-Olson
- For-Robin, Inc, Buffalo, NY; Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
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A novel core 1 O-linked glycan-specific binding lectin from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1528-1537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Karsten U, Goletz S. What controls the expression of the core-1 (Thomsen-Friedenreich) glycotope on tumor cells? BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:801-7. [PMID: 26541995 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915070019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant transformation is tightly connected with changes in the glycosylation of proteins and lipids, which in turn are contributing to the invasive and metastatic behavior of tumor cells. One example of such changes is demasking of the otherwise hidden core-1 structure, also known as Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, which is a highly tumor-specific glycotope and potentially a cancer stem cell marker. This review summarizes what is known about the mechanism(s) of its expression on tumor cells. New data reveal a close connection between tumor metabolism and Golgi function. Based on these data, we suggest that the expression of this antigen is also a marker of aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Karsten
- Glycotope GmbH, Berlin-Buch, D-13125, Germany.
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12
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Liu J, Yi B, Zhang Z, Cao Y. CD176 single-chain variable antibody fragment inhibits the adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells and hepatocytes. Front Med 2016; 10:204-11. [PMID: 27090911 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CD176 (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate epitope (glycotope) functionally involved in blood spread and liver metastasis of cancer cells by mediating the adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells and hepatocytes, respectively. CD176 could be a promising target for antitumor immunotherapy. We applied B lymphocytes obtained from mice immunized with CD176 antigen and constructed a phage display library. A positive clone of CD176 single-chain variable antibody fragment (scFv) was successfully screened from this library. The CD176 scFv was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified scFv can bind to the natural CD176 expressed on the surface of cancer cells. Furthermore, the CD176 scFv inhibits the adhesion of CD176(+) cancer cells to endothelial cells and hepatocytes. This CD176 scFv provides a basis for future development of recombinant CD176-specific antibodies that can be used in therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
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13
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Leoyklang P, Malicdan MC, Yardeni T, Celeste F, Ciccone C, Li X, Jiang R, Gahl WA, Carrillo-Carrasco N, He M, Huizing M. Sialylation of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen is a noninvasive blood-based biomarker for GNE myopathy. Biomark Med 2015; 8:641-52. [PMID: 25123033 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The exact pathomechanism of GNE myopathy remains elusive, but likely involves aberrant sialylation. We explored sialylation status of blood-based glycans as potential disease markers. METHODS We employed immunoblotting, lectin histochemistry and mass spectrometry. RESULTS GNE myopathy muscle showed hyposialylation of predominantly O-linked glycans. The O-linked glycome of patients' plasma compared with controls showed increased amounts of desialylated Thomsen-Friedenreich (T)-antigen, and/or decreased amounts of its sialylated form, ST-antigen. Importantly, all patients had increased T/ST ratios compared with controls. These ratios were normalized in a patient treated with intravenous immunoglobulins as a source of sialic acid. DISCUSSION GNE myopathy clinical trial data will reveal whether T/ST ratios correlate to muscle function. CONCLUSION Plasma T/ST ratios are a robust blood-based biomarker for GNE myopathy, and may also help explain the pathology and course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petcharat Leoyklang
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Heublein S, Mayr D, Egger M, Karsten U, Goletz S, Angele M, Gallwas J, Jeschke U, Ditsch N. Immunoreactivity of the fully humanized therapeutic antibody PankoMab-GEX™ is an independent prognostic marker for breast cancer patients. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:50. [PMID: 25986064 PMCID: PMC4447018 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Mucin-1 (MUC1, CD227), more widely known as CA15-3, is an abundantly expressed epithelial cell surface antigen and has evolved to be the most predictive serum tumour marker in breast cancer. PankoMab-GEX™, which is currently being evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy in a phase IIb clinical trial, is a glyco-optimized anti-MUC1 antibody specifically recognizing a tumour-associated MUC1 epitope (TA-MUC1). The current study aimed to analyse the immunoreactivity of PankoMabGEX™ and its correlation with established clinico-pathological variables including 10-year and overall survival in a large cohort of breast cancer patients. Methods Breast cancer tissue sections (n = 227) underwent a standardized immunohistochemical staining protocol for TA-MUC1 by using PankoMab-GEX™ as a primary antibody. The staining was evaluated by two independent observers and quantified by applying the IR-score. Results TA-MUC1 as detected by PankoMab-GEX™ was identified in 74.9% of breast cancer tissue sections. Patients were subdivided according to the subcellular localisation of TA-MUC1 and cases classified as mem-PankoMab-GEX™ (solely membranous) positive, cyt-PankoMab-GEX™ (solely cytoplasmic) positive, double positive or as completely negative were compared regarding their survival. Herein mem-PankoMab-GEX™-positive patients performed best, while double-negative ones presented with a significantly shortened survival. Positivity for mem-PankoMab-GEX™ as well as a double-negative immunophenotype turned out to be independent prognosticators for survival. Conclusions This is the first study to report on PankoMab-GEX™ in a large panel of breast cancer patients. The PankoMab-GEX™ epitope TA-MUC1 could be identified in the majority of cases and was found to be an independent prognosticator depending on its subcellular localisation. Since TA-MUC1 is known to be highly immunogenic cancers staining positive for PankoMab-GEX™ might be more compromised by host anti-tumour immune defence. Further, the observations reported here might be fundamental for selecting patients to undergo PankoMab-GEX™-containing chemotherapy protocols. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0152-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Heublein
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Egger
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | - Martin Angele
- Department of Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Gallwas
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Nina Ditsch
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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15
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Zhan XX, Zhao B, Diao C, Cao Y, Cheng RC. Expression of MUC1 and CD176 (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Endocr Pathol 2015; 26:21-6. [PMID: 25614211 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-015-9356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer has appeared as an increasing trend globally, especially in Asian countries. In this study, the expression of mucin-1 (MUC1) and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-R (CD176) was investigated by immunohistochemistry in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), which accounts for approximately 80 % of all thyroid cancer. We found that 78 % of PTC overexpressed MUC1. Importantly, we observed firstly that CD176 was expressed in 63 % of PTC, but was faintly or not expressed in normal thyroid tissues and benign thyroid disease tissues, indicating that CD176 is also a tumour-associated antigen for PTCs. Moreover, expression of CD176 was strongly correlated with MUC1 by immunohistochemical staining in PTCs. Furthermore, we used the immunochemical method to confirm that MUC1 is a common and main carrier of CD176 in PTCs. Our data demonstrated that MUC1 and CD176 might be promising biomarkers for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-xiang Zhan
- Thyroid Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
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16
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YI BIN, ZHANG ZHE, ZHANG MIN, SCHWARTZ-ALBIEZ REINHARD, CAO YI. CD176 antiserum treatment leads to a therapeutic response in a murine model of leukemia. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1841-7. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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17
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Karsten U, Goletz S. What makes cancer stem cell markers different? SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:301. [PMID: 23888272 PMCID: PMC3710573 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the cancer stem cell concept has been widely accepted, several strategies have been proposed to attack cancer stem cells (CSC). Accordingly, stem cell markers are now preferred therapeutic targets. However, the problem of tumor specificity has not disappeared but shifted to another question: how can cancer stem cells be distinguished from normal stem cells, or more specifically, how do CSC markers differ from normal stem cell markers? A hypothesis is proposed which might help to solve this problem in at least a subgroup of stem cell markers. Glycosylation may provide the key.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Karsten
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, D-13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
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18
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Ulsemer P, Henderson G, Toutounian K, Löffler A, Schmidt J, Karsten U, Blaut M, Goletz S. Specific humoral immune response to the Thomsen-Friedenreich tumor antigen (CD176) in mice after vaccination with the commensal bacterium Bacteroides ovatus D-6. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:875-87. [PMID: 23381581 PMCID: PMC11029541 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-specific Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TFα, CD176) is an attractive target for a cancer vaccine, especially as TF-directed antibodies play an important role in cancer immunosurveillance. However, synthetic TF vaccines have not overcome the low intrinsic immunogenicity of TF. Since natural TF-directed antibodies present in human sera are generated in response to microbes found in the gastrointestinal tract, microbial TF structures are obviously more immunogenic than synthetic TF. We recently isolated a new strain (D-6) of the human gut bacterium Bacteroides ovatus, which carries the true TFα antigen. Here, we present experimental data on the immunogenicity of this strain. Mice immunized with B. ovatus D-6 in the absence of adjuvants developed specific anti-TFα IgM and IgG antibodies which also bound to human cancer cells carrying TFα. Our data suggest that B. ovatus D-6 presents a unique TFα-specific immunogenicity based on a combination of several inherent properties including: expression of the true TFα antigen, clustering and accessible presentation of TFα as repetitive side chains on a capsular polysaccharide, and intrinsic adjuvant properties. Therefore, B. ovatus strain D-6 is an almost perfect candidate for the development of the first adjuvant-free TFα-specific anti-tumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Ulsemer
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany.
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19
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Occurrence of the human tumor-specific antigen structure Gal 1-3GalNAc - (Thomsen-Friedenreich) and related structures on gut bacteria: Prevalence, immunochemical analysis and structural confirmation. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1277-89. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Lin WM, Karsten U, Goletz S, Cheng RC, Cao Y. Expression of CD176 (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen) on lung, breast and liver cancer-initiating cells. Int J Exp Pathol 2010; 92:97-105. [PMID: 21070402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2010.00747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer-initiating capacity of most malignant tumours is considered to reside in a small subpopulation of cells. Therapeutical interventions should target these cells rather than the tumour mass. Numerous studies have shown that the carbohydrate antigen structure CD176 (Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, core-1) is present in many types of cancer and absent in normal adult human tissues. In this study, we assessed whether CD176 is co-expressed with CD44 or CD133 [markers of cancer-initiating cells (CIC)] in human lung, breast and liver carcinoma. A variety of human cancer cell lines and surgical specimens of these malignancies were examined. It was found that in most cases the majority of tumour cells stained strongly for CD44 by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, whereas CD133 expression was found on a smaller, but varying proportion of cells. Co-expression of CD176 with CD44 was found at a surprisingly high percentage of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Co-expression of CD176 with CD133 was also detected, although at a lower rate. Tamoxifen treatment of MDA-435 breast cancer cells enhanced the CD44(+) /CD176(+) phenotype. Evidence is provided through a new sandwich solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suggesting that CD44 is a carrier molecule for CD176 not only in colorectal cancer as previously reported, but also in lung, breast and liver cancer. The expression of CD176 in CIC suggests that it may represent an effective target for tumour therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of CAS and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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21
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Jeschke U, Toth B, Scholz C, Friese K, Makrigiannakis A. Glycoprotein and carbohydrate binding protein expression in the placenta in early pregnancy loss. J Reprod Immunol 2010; 85:99-105. [PMID: 20299109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins expressed at the fetal-maternal interface have been shown to exert immunomodulating effects. Glycodelin, hCG and transferrin have been used in in vitro experiments as ligands to block E-selectin-mediated cell adhesion. We found that glycodelin is a strong inhibitor of the E-selectin-mediated cell adhesion with a 10(3)-fold increase in potency compared to the monovalent tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewis X. HCG with distinct carbohydrate expression is also an effective selectin antagonist, whereas the potency of transferrin is low. This could indicate a possible role of glycodelin, hCG and transferrin in preventing leukocyte adhesion to the fetal trophoblast. In decidual tissue of abortion patients, glycodelin expression was significantly reduced compared to normal gestation. These results were confirmed by in situ hybridization. Moreover, glycodelin expression in endometrial cells in vitro could be stimulated by addition of hCG. Because hCG is down-regulated in women with abortion, we speculate that hCG could be one of the factors regulating glycodelin expression. Galectins are structurally related proteins with the ability to bind beta-galactosides through a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain. Galectin-1 (gal-1) expression in the syncytiotrophoblast is down-regulated in early pregnancy loss. Gal-1 recognizes the Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide (Galbeta1-3GalNAc-) on the syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast. Gal-1 also inhibited trophoblast cell proliferation but did not induce apoptosis in BeWo cells. Ligation of Gal-1 on trophoblast cells may have regulatory effects on trophoblast cell differentiation. Decreased expression of Gal-1 may partly explain disturbed trophoblast differentiation during early placentation leading to early pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maistrasse, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80377 Munich, Germany.
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22
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Sendra VG, Zlocowski N, Ditamo Y, Copioli S, Tarp MP, Bennett EP, Clausen H, Roth GA, Nores GA, Irazoqui FJ. Glycan bioengineering in immunogen design for tumor T antigen immunotargeting. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:3445-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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23
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Jeschke U, Walzel H, Mylonas I, Papadopoulos P, Shabani N, Kuhn C, Schulze S, Friese K, Karsten U, Anz D, Kupka MS. The human endometrium expresses the glycoprotein mucin-1 and shows positive correlation for Thomsen-Friedenreich epitope expression and galectin-1 binding. J Histochem Cytochem 2009; 57:871-81. [PMID: 19506091 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2009.952085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a glycoprotein in human endometrium and is abundant at the luminal epithelial surface in the receptive phase. It has a highly glycosylated ecto-domain that contains keratan sulfate chains, that disappears at the time of implantation. In addition, the glycoforms on MUC1 differ in fertile and infertile women. Therefore the aims of this study were investigations on glycosylation of MUC1 with the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) epitope on normal human endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle and binding of galectin-1 on the TF epitope in the endometrium and the expression of galectin-1 on the human oocyte. Human endometrial tissue was obtained from 54 premenopausal patients and was immunohistochemically analyzed with monoclonal antibodies against MUC1, TF epitope, galectin-1, and biotinylated galectin-1. In addition, human oocytes were analyzed for TF, galectin-1 expression, and galectin-1 binding. We identified a significant upregulation of MUC1 and TF epitope and, in addition, galectin-1 binding in glandular epithelium and epithelial apical surface tissue from proliferative to secretory phase. With double staining experiments, we identified a coexpression of TF and MUC1 in the early secretory phase and galectin-1 binding to TF during the same period of time. In addition we identified TF epitope and galectin-1 expression plus binding on the human oocyte and irregularly fertilized oocytes. Upregulation of TF epitope on the glandular epithelium and epithelial apical surface tissue in the secretory phase and binding of galectin-1 at the same time show the possibility of galectin-1-mediated trophectoderm binding to the endometrium within the window of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Jeschke
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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Kuemmel A, Single K, Bittinger F, Faldum A, Schmidt LH, Sebastian M, Micke P, Taube C, Buhl R, Wiewrodt R. TA-MUC1 epitope in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2009; 63:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2007] [Revised: 02/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Abdul-Rahman PS, Lim BK, Hashim OH. Expression of high-abundance proteins in sera of patients with endometrial and cervical cancers: analysis using 2-DE with silver staining and lectin detection methods. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1989-96. [PMID: 17503403 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The expression of high-abundance serum proteins in newly diagnosed patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma (EACa), squamous cell cervical carcinoma (SCCa) and cervical adenocarcinoma (ACCa), relative to control female subjects, was analyzed by subjecting serum samples to 2-DE followed by image analysis of the silver-stained protein profiles. The three cohorts of cancer patients demonstrated different altered expression of serum high-abundance proteins compared to negative control women. The expression of alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha1-B glycoprotein, cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen (light chain) and antithrombin III were consistently altered in all the patients. However, clusterin was upregulated only in the patients with EACa, while those with SCCa and ACCa were typically characterized by the upregulated expression of zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein. The aberrant expression of selective serum proteins in the various cohorts of cancer patients was validated by competitive ELISA as well as by lectin detection. Analysis by using the champedak galactose binding lectin further highlighted an unidentified protein that may be differently glycosylated in the sera of the EACa patients that were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puteri S Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Ravn P, Stahn R, Danielczyk A, Faulstich D, Karsten U, Goletz S. The Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide as antigen for in vivo tumor targeting with multivalent scFvs. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1345-57. [PMID: 17310382 PMCID: PMC11031095 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/18/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide (TF(alpha)) is a promising antigen for tumor immunotargeting, since it is almost exclusively expressed on carcinoma tissues. So far, an obstacle preventing the exploitation of TF for immunotargeting has been the lack of suitable (non-IgM) antibodies with high affinity and specificity. Recently we reported on a novel strategy for generating antibodies toward small uncharged carbohydrates and the generation of recombinant antibodies toward TF. Among them, two multivalent scFv antibodies showed sub-micromolar functional affinities and appeared well suited for immunotargeting. In the present study, the trimeric scFv(1aa) and the tetrameric scFv(0aa) have been further developed for radioimmunotargeting. The scFvs were radiolabeled with (111)In using DTPA as chelator without losing binding activity or molecular stoichiometry. Binding affinities as high as 1 x 10(-7) M toward TF displayed on living cells were determined. Antibody biodistribution and tumor targeting efficacy were studied in TF-positive human breast cancer (ZR-75-1) bearing mice. TF was successfully targeted in vivo with tumor uptakes of approximately 11 and 8% ID/g after 24 h for the trimeric and tetrameric scFv, respectively. These results validate TF as a potent antigen for tumor targeting. The biodistribution of the scFvs was comparable to that reported for IgGs. In contrast to the IgGs, the serum clearance of the scFvs was very fast, which could be an advantage in a therapeutic setting. Furthermore, kidney uptake, which is often critical for small recombinant antibodies labeled with radio-metals, was low with the tetramer (11% ID/g). We conclude that the multimeric anti-TF scFvs are promising candidates to be further developed toward therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ravn
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
- NEMOD Biotherapeutics GmbH & Co.KG, Berlin, Germany
- Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK
| | - Renate Stahn
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Antje Danielczyk
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Karsten
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Glycotope GmbH, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
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Jeschke U, Mayr D, Schiessl B, Mylonas I, Schulze S, Kuhn C, Friese K, Walzel H. Expression of galectin-1, -3 (gal-1, gal-3) and the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen in normal, IUGR, preeclamptic and HELLP placentas. Placenta 2007; 28:1165-73. [PMID: 17664004 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-1 (gal-1) and galectin-3 (gal-3), which are members of the mammalian beta-galactoside-binding proteins, recognise preferentially (Galbeta1-4GlcNAc) sequences of several cell surface oligosaccharides. In addition, gal-1 also binds to the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen (Galbeta1-3GalNAc-). MATERIALS AND METHODS Slides of frozen and paraffin-embedded placental tissue of patients with fetal intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), preeclampsia, haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) and normal term placentas were incubated with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against gal-1, gal-3 and TF. Staining reaction was performed with the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex (ABC) reagent. The intensity of the immunohistochemical reaction on the slides was analysed using a semi-quantitative score. The identity of galectin-expressing cells was analysed by using a double immunofluorescence method. RESULTS We demonstrated immunohistochemically that the expression of gal-1 and gal-3 on the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) is significantly up-regulated in preeclamptic and HELLP placentas and unchanged compared with normal controls in IUGR placentas. The expression of the TF antigen is significantly up-regulated in IUGR and preeclamptic extravillous trophoblast cells and unchanged in HELLP placentas compared with normal controls. In addition, the expression of gal-1 is significantly up-regulated in the decidual tissue of preeclamptic placentas and in the villous trophoblast tissue of HELLP placentas. CONCLUSION Our data showed that gal-1, gal-3 and TF were up-regulated on the membrane of EVT in preeclamptic placentas. In addition, the expression of gal-1 is significantly up-regulated in decidual tissue of preeclamptic placentas and villous trophoblast tissue of HELLP placentas. Taking into consideration the results of this study, we speculate that expression of both galectins and TF on the membrane of preeclamptic EVT and up-regulation of gal-1 in preeclamptic decidual cells may at least in part compensate for the apoptotic effects of maternal immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jeschke
- Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maistrasse 11, 80337 Munich, Germany
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28
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Danielczyk A, Stahn R, Faulstich D, Löffler A, Märten A, Karsten U, Goletz S. PankoMab: a potent new generation anti-tumour MUC1 antibody. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:1337-47. [PMID: 16485130 PMCID: PMC11029825 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we described a new carbohydrate-induced conformational tumour-epitope on mucin-1 (MUC1) with the potential for improvement of immunotherapies [29, 30]. PankoMab is a novel antibody, which binds specifically to this epitope and was designed to show the highest glycosylation dependency and the strongest additive binding effect when compared to other MUC1 antibodies. This enables PankoMab to differentiate between tumour MUC1 and non-tumour MUC1 epitopes. It has a high-affinity towards tumour cells (e.g. KD [M] of 0.9 and 3x10(-9 )towards NM-D4 and ZR75-1, respectively) and detects a very large number of binding sites (e.g. 1.0 and 2.4x10(6 )for NM-D4 and ZR75-1, respectively). PankoMab is rapidly internalised, and after toxin coupling is able to induce very effectively toxin-mediated antigen-specific tumour cell killing. PankoMab reveals a potent tumour-specific antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). PankoMab is, therefore, distinguished by a combination of advantages compared to other MUC1 antibodies in clinical development, including higher tumour specificity, higher affinity, a higher number of binding sites, largely reduced binding to shed MUC1 from colon and pancreatic carcinoma patients, no binding to mononucleated cells from peripheral blood (except approximately 7% of activated T cells), stronger ADCC activity and rapid internalisation as required for toxin-mediated cell killing. This renders it a superior antibody for in vivo diagnostics and various immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renate Stahn
- GLYCOTOPE GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- NEMOD Biotherapeutics GmbH & Co.KG, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Angela Märten
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Karsten
- GLYCOTOPE GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Goletz
- GLYCOTOPE GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- NEMOD Biotherapeutics GmbH & Co.KG, Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Academic Medicine, Institute for Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Humboldt University, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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29
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Schindlbeck C, Jeschke U, Schulze S, Karsten U, Janni W, Rack B, Krajewski S, Sommer H, Friese K. Prognostic impact of Thomsen-Friedenreich tumor antigen and disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2006; 101:17-25. [PMID: 16807671 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF, CD176) is a specific oncofetal carbohydrate epitope (Gal beta1-3GalNAc alpha-O-Ser/Thr) expressed on the surface of various carcinomas. It mediates endothelium adhesion and formation of metastases. As it also causes immune response, its prognostic impact is indeterminate. The presence of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients (DTC-BM) indicates worse prognosis. We examined the expression of TF in primary breast cancer tissue of 265 patients with known BM status at the time of first diagnosis. METHODS BM aspiration, cytospin preparation and immunocytochemical staining with the anti-Cytokeratin antibody A45 B/B3 was done following a standardised protocol. TF expression was examined immunohistochemically on Tissue Micro Arrays (TMA) with the anti-TF antibody A78-G/A7. Evaluation was done using the immunoreactive score (IRS). RESULTS Median IRS for TF expression was 2 (0-12). 68 of 265 patients (25.7%) showed DTC-BM with a median of 2/2 x 10(6) cells (1-1500). There was no correlation between TF expression and DTC-BM. After a median follow up of 60.1 months (7-119), the detection of DTC-BM showed prognostic significance for overall survival (OS, p = 0.034), whereas TF positivity (IRS > 2) indicated prolonged disease-free (p = 0.01), distant disease-free (p = 0.005), and overall survival (p = 0.005). DISCUSSION Patients with TF-positive tumors had a significantly better prognosis. Dissemination routes, TF-mediated metastasis formation, and the immunogeneity of TF might determine the prognostic impact of TF expression in different tumor entities. Further characterisation of primary tumors and DTC-BM could help to improve the biological understanding of metastases and develop targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schindlbeck
- First Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Maistrasse 11, D-80337, Munich, Germany.
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30
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Jeschke U, Karsten U, Wiest I, Schulze S, Kuhn C, Friese K, Walzel H. Binding of galectin-1 (gal-1) to the Thomsen–Friedenreich (TF) antigen on trophoblast cells and inhibition of proliferation of trophoblast tumor cells in vitro by gal-1 or an anti-TF antibody. Histochem Cell Biol 2006; 126:437-44. [PMID: 16607538 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-006-0178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (gal-1), a member of the mammalian beta-galactoside-binding proteins, recognizes preferentially Galbeta1-4GlcNAc sequences of several cell surface oligosaccharides. We demonstrate histochemically that the lectin recognizes appropriate glycotopes on the syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous trophoblast layer from second trimester human placenta and on BeWo chorion carcinoma cells. Gal-1 binding to BeWo cells was diminished by the Thomsen-Friedreich (TF)-disaccharide (Galbeta1-3GalNAc-) conjugated to polyacrylamide (TF-PAA). Gal-1 also inhibited BeWo cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar antiproliferative effects were also observed with an anti-TF monoclonal antibody (mAb, A78-G/A7). Therefore, we conclude that ligation of Galbeta1-4GlcNAc and Galbeta1-3GalNAc epitopes on BeWo cells may have regulatory effects on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Jeschke
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
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31
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Irazoqui FJ, Sendra VG, Lardone RD, Nores GA. Immune response to Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide and glycan engineering. Immunol Cell Biol 2005; 83:405-12. [PMID: 16033536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated mucins show frequent alterations of their oligosaccharide chain profile, with a switch to unmask normally cryptic O-glycan backbone and core regions. Epithelial tumour cells typically show overexpression of the uncovered Gal(beta)1-3GalNAc(alpha)-O-Ser/Thr (Core 1) structure, known as the T antigen or the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, the oligosaccharide chain of which is called the Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide (TFD). T antigen expression has been associated with immunosuppression, metastasis dissemination, and the proliferation of cancer cells. Several different strategies have been used to trigger a specific immune response to TFD. Natural T antigen and synthetic TFD residues have low immunodominance. In the T antigen, flexibility of the glycosidic bond reduces the immunogenicity of the sugar residue. Enhanced rigidity should favour certain glycan conformations and thereby improve TFD immunotargeting. We propose the term 'glycan engineering' for this approach. Such engineering of TFD should reduce the flexibility of its glycan moiety and thereby enhance its stability, rigidity and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Irazoqui
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET/Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Cordoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Cordoba, Argentina.
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Schindlbeck C, Jeschke U, Schulze S, Karsten U, Janni W, Rack B, Sommer H, Friese K. Characterisation of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients by the Thomsen-Friedenreich tumor antigen. Histochem Cell Biol 2005; 123:631-7. [PMID: 15889266 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-005-0781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The detection of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow (DTC-BM) of breast cancer patients has proved prognostic significance in all stages of the disease. Further characterisation of those cells could help to improve the biological understanding of metastases, develop targeted therapies and define surface markers for enrichment techniques. The Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen has been shown to be a tumor specific antigen in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of TF on DTC-BM in 25 patients. Bone marrow samples were first double-stained by a Cy3 conjugated cytokeratin (CK) antibody (ab) A45 B/B3 (IgG) and anti-TF ab Nemod 2 (IgM), followed by Cy2 conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM ab. For further characterisation samples were also double-stained with anti-TF ab Nemod 2 (IgM), followed by Cy2 conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM ab, and anti MUC1 ab A76-A/C7 IgG, followed by Cy3 conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG. CK positive DTC-BM showed co-expression of TF antigen in 22/23 patients (96%) and 61 of 62 detected cells (98%). Mononuclear BM cells without CK expression were also negative for TF. All of the TF positive cells showed strong MUC1 expression. This is the first study showing co-expression of CK and TF as markers of DTC-BM. Double staining experiments of TF and MUC1 expression showed that MUC1 is the carrier protein of TF in these cells. As TF is a specific marker of DTC-BM, it could be used as a target for antibody based therapy and immunomagnetic enrichment techniques for the isolation of DTC-BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schindlbeck
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
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33
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Ravn P, Danielczyk A, Jensen KB, Kristensen P, Christensen PA, Larsen M, Karsten U, Goletz S. Multivalent scFv Display of Phagemid Repertoires for the Selection of Carbohydrate-specific Antibodies and its Application to the Thomsen–Friedenreich Antigen. J Mol Biol 2004; 343:985-96. [PMID: 15476815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Revised: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide (TF) is a promising target antigen for tumor immunotherapy, since it is almost exclusively expressed in carcinoma tissues. The TF-specific antibodies generated so far are IgMs of mouse origin with limited therapeutic potential. Phage-displayed scFv repertoires are an established source for recombinant antibodies; however, we were unable to identify scFvs binding to TF when applying libraries in the standard monovalent display format of phagemid systems. Here, we report on the successful selection of TF-specific antibody fragments using a multivalent scFv phagemid library format based on shortened linkers (one amino acid residue). The libraries were constructed from mice immunized with asialoglycophorin and selected using TF displayed on two different carrier molecules in combination with the proteolytically cleavable helper phage KM13. All isolated clones encoded the same framework genes and the same complementarity-determining regions. After affinity maturation only scFv with the founder sequence were selected from secondary repertoires. This indicates a very narrow sequence window for TF-specific antibodies. Investigating other linker-length formats revealed a clear inverse correlation between linker length and binding activity both as soluble proteins and displayed on phages. The highest affinity was obtained with the tetrameric format. The selected scFv was specific for TF on various carrier molecules and tumor cells and performed well in ELISA and immunohistochemistry. We postulate that scFv phagemid library formats with short linkers (i.e. multimeric scFvs) may, in general, be advantageous in selections for the generation of scFvs against carbohydrate epitopes or other epitopes associated with low intrinsic affinity per binding site), and expect that they will be superior in applications for diagnosis or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ravn
- NEMOD Biotherapeutics GmbH & Co. KG, Robert-Rössle-Str 10, D-13125, Berlin-Buch, FRG, Germany
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