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Ouyang Y, Zhu L, Shi M, Yu S, Jin Y, Wang Z, Ma J, Yang M, Zhang X, Pan X, Ren H, Wang W, Zhang H, Xie J, Chen N. A Rare Genetic Defect of MBL2 Increased the Risk for Progression of IgA Nephropathy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:537. [PMID: 30967869 PMCID: PMC6438956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between lectin pathway-related genetic variations and progression in IgA nephropathy. Biopsy-proven IgAN patients with eGFR ≥15 ml/min/1.73 m2 at baseline and a minimum follow-up of 12-months were enrolled. A total of 1,007 patients and 121 healthy controls were enrolled from two Chinese renal centers. The discovery cohort consisted of 606 patients, and the validation cohort consisted of 401 patients. First, promoters, all exons and their boundary regions of MBL2 and FCN2 were sequenced in 50 patients, and then 37 variations were identified. Of these variations, 7 expression-associated variations were selected and genotyped in the whole discovery cohort. We found that rs1800450 in MBL2 and rs7851696 in FCN2 were associated with an increased risk for ESRD as well as serum MBL or L-ficolin levels. However, only rs1800450 was successively validated for its association with ESRD (HR, 15.91; 3.27-77.34; P = 0.001) in the fully adjusted model in the validation cohort. In addition, 2.7% of patients, and 2.5% of healthy controls carried rs1800450-AA. IgAN patients with rs1800450-AA lacked expression of MBL in both serum and renal tissue and had more severe tubulointerstitial damage. Furthermore, a combined effect of rs1800450-AA with a previously reported clinical risk score was observed in which patients with both a high clinical risk score (≥1%) and rs1800450-AA had a strikingly increased 10-years ESRD risk by 37.1-fold (7.17 to 192.13-fold). In summary, IgAN patients carrying MBL2 rs1800450-AA have a high risk for renal function deterioration, probably due to inactivation of the complement MBL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ouyang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanmeng Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Magnadóttir B, Hayes P, Hristova M, Bragason BT, Nicholas AP, Dodds AW, Guðmundsdóttir S, Lange S. Post-translational protein deimination in cod (Gadus morhua L.) ontogeny novel roles in tissue remodelling and mucosal immune defences? DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 87:157-170. [PMID: 29908202 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are calcium dependent enzymes with physiological and pathophysiological roles conserved throughout phylogeny. PADs promote post-translational deimination of protein arginine to citrulline, altering the structure and function of target proteins. Deiminated proteins were detected in the early developmental stages of cod from 11 days post fertilisation to 70 days post hatching. Deiminated proteins were present in mucosal surfaces and in liver, pancreas, spleen, gut, muscle, brain and eye during early cod larval development. Deiminated protein targets identified in skin mucosa included nuclear histones; cytoskeletal proteins such as tubulin and beta-actin; metabolic and immune related proteins such as galectin, mannan-binding lectin, toll-like receptor, kininogen, Beta2-microglobulin, aldehyde dehydrogenase, bloodthirsty and preproapolipoprotein A-I. Deiminated histone H3, a marker for anti-pathogenic neutrophil extracellular traps, was particularly elevated in mucosal tissues in immunostimulated cod larvae. PAD-mediated protein deimination may facilitate protein moonlighting, allowing the same protein to exhibit a range of biological functions, in tissue remodelling and mucosal immune defences in teleost ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bergljót Magnadóttir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Polly Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Mariya Hristova
- Perinatal Brain Protection and Repair Group, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, WC1E 6HX, London, UK.
| | - Birkir Thor Bragason
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Anthony P Nicholas
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Alister W Dodds
- MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sigríður Guðmundsdóttir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur v. Vesturlandsveg, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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Klop B, van der Pol P, van Bruggen R, Wang Y, de Vries MA, van Santen S, O'Flynn J, van de Geijn GJM, Njo TL, Janssen HW, de Man P, Jukema JW, Rabelink TJ, Rensen PCN, van Kooten C, Cabezas MC. Differential complement activation pathways promote C3b deposition on native and acetylated LDL thereby inducing lipoprotein binding to the complement receptor 1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35421-30. [PMID: 25349208 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.573840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins can induce complement activation resulting in opsonization and binding of these complexes to complement receptors. We investigated the binding of opsonized native LDL and acetylated LDL (acLDL) to the complement receptor 1 (CR1). Binding of complement factors C3b, IgM, C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and properdin to LDL and acLDL were investigated by ELISA. Subsequent binding of opsonized LDL and acLDL to CR1 on CR1-transfected Chinese Hamster Ovarian cells (CHO-CR1) was tested by flow cytometry. Both native LDL and acLDL induced complement activation with subsequent C3b opsonization upon incubation with normal human serum. Opsonized LDL and acLDL bound to CR1. Binding to CHO-CR1 was reduced by EDTA, whereas MgEGTA only reduced the binding of opsonized LDL, but not of acLDL suggesting involvement of the alternative pathway in the binding of acLDL to CR1. In vitro incubations showed that LDL bound C1q, whereas acLDL bound to C1q, IgM, and properdin. MBL did neither bind to LDL nor to acLDL. The relevance of these findings was demonstrated by the fact that ex vivo up-regulation of CR1 on leukocytes was accompanied by a concomitant increased binding of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins to leukocytes without changes in LDL-receptor expression. In conclusion, CR1 is able to bind opsonized native LDL and acLDL. Binding of LDL to CR1 is mediated via the classical pathway, whereas binding of acLDL is mediated via both the classical and alternative pathways. Binding of lipoproteins to CR1 may be of clinical relevance due to the ubiquitous cellular distribution of CR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudewijn Klop
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Vascular Center
| | | | | | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter de Man
- Medical Microbiology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, 3004 BA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 1006 AN Leiden, the Netherlands, and
| | | | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, and
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Pagh R, Duus K, Laursen I, Hansen PR, Mangor J, Thielens N, Arlaud GJ, Kongerslev L, Højrup P, Houen G. The chaperone and potential mannan-binding lectin (MBL) co-receptor calreticulin interacts with MBL through the binding site for MBL-associated serine proteases. FEBS J 2008; 275:515-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Papp K, Szekeres Z, Terényi N, Isaák A, Erdei A, Prechl J. On-chip Complement Activation Adds an Extra Dimension to Antigen Microarrays. Mol Cell Proteomics 2007; 6:133-40. [PMID: 17071944 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.t600036-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody profiling on antigen microarrays helps us in understanding the complexity of responses of the adaptive immune system. The technique, however, neglects another, evolutionarily more ancient apparatus, the complement system, which is capable of both recognizing and eliminating antigen and serves to provide innate defense for the organism while cooperating with antibodies on multiple levels. Complement components interact with both foreign substances and self molecules, including antibodies, and initiate a cascade of proteolytic cleavages that lead to the covalent attachment of complement components to molecules in nanometer proximity. By refining the conditions of antibody profiling on antigen arrays we made use of this molecular tagging to identify antigens that activate the complement system. Antigen arrays were incubated with serum under conditions that favor complement activation, and the deposited complement C3 fragments were detected by fluorescently labeled antibodies. We used genetically C3-deficient mice or inhibition of the complement cascade to prove that the technique requires complement activation for the binding of C3 to features of the array. We demonstrate that antigens on the array can initiate complement activation both by antibody-dependent or -independent ways. Using two-color detection, antibody and complement binding to the relevant spots was measured simultaneously. The effect of adjuvants on the quality of the immune response and binding of autoantibodies to DNA with concomitant complement activation in the serum of mice suffering from systemic autoimmune disease was readily measurable by this new method. We propose that measurement of complement deposition on antigen microarrays supplements information from antibody binding measurements and provides an extra, immune function-related fingerprint of the tested serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Papp
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
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Lillie BN, Keirstead ND, Squires EJ, Hayes MA. Gene polymorphisms associated with reduced hepatic expression of porcine mannan-binding lectin C. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 31:830-46. [PMID: 17194476 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that low expression of mannan-binding lectin C (MBL-C) in pigs was not due to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of pig MBL2. In these studies, we compared the 5' flanking regions of porcine MBL1 (1907 bp) and MBL2 (1880 bp) in normal and diseased pigs with low or high hepatic expression of MBL2. Hepatic expression of MBL-C was very low in all pigs submitted for postmortem diagnosis. In various European pig breeds, a G(-1081)A substitution was linked to very low hepatic MBL-C expression, and was more frequent in diseased pigs. A C(-251)T substitution with less influence on MBL-C expression was more common in various breeds but was not associated with disease. MBL2 polymorphisms were associated with some disease groups and with the presence of some etiologic agents. These findings indicate that some promoter polymorphisms impair MBL-C expression in pigs and may increase their susceptibility to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1
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Lee YH, Witte T, Momot T, Schmidt RE, Kaufman KM, Harley JB, Sestak AL. The mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus: two case-control studies and a meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 52:3966-74. [PMID: 16320344 DOI: 10.1002/art.21484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) enhances opsonization and activates complement. Dysfunctional alleles of MBL have been associated with low plasma concentrations of MBL and increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but genotyping studies have shown inconsistent results. We performed case-control studies of the MBL polymorphisms in 2 Caucasian cohorts and a meta-analysis incorporating all published results of MBL genotyping in SLE to explore whether the MBL functional variants are associated with SLE. METHODS MBL genotypes at 7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were sequenced in 96 European American patients with SLE and 96 age-, race-, and sex-matched controls. MBL codons 52, 54, and 57 were genotyped in 285 German patients with SLE and 200 race-matched controls. Allele frequencies of all known variants were tallied for meta-analysis. RESULTS Although there was a trend toward association with MBL polymorphisms in both patient cohorts evaluated, none of them was significantly associated with SLE on its own. Seventeen comparisons from 15 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Publication bias was excluded by Egger's regression test (P = 0.14). The overall odds ratio for MBL codon 54 variant B was 1.406 (95% confidence interval 1.221-1.608; P < 0.001). Stratification by ethnicity showed significantly increased odds ratios for association of the MBL codon 54 B variant with SLE in African, Asian, and Caucasian cohorts. CONCLUSION Meta-analysis of all available studies on MBL polymorphisms and SLE shows that MBL variant alleles such as MBL exon 1 codon 54 B, promoter -550 L, and promoter -221 X are SLE risk factors. This association is robust and persists after incorporation of data from our 2 cohorts in which the association failed to reach significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Lillie BN, Brooks AS, Keirstead ND, Hayes MA. Comparative genetics and innate immune functions of collagenous lectins in animals. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 108:97-110. [PMID: 16098608 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagenous lectins such as mannan-binding lectins (MBLs), ficolins (FCNs), surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A, SP-D), conglutinin (CG), and related ruminant lectins are multimeric proteins with carbohydrate-binding domains aligned in a manner that facilitates binding to microbial surface polysaccharides. MBLs and FCNs are structurally related to C1q, but activate the lectin complement pathway via interaction with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs). MBLs, FCNs, and other collagenous lectins also bind to some host macromolecules and contribute to their removal. While there is evidence that some lectins and the lectin complement pathway are conserved in vertebrates, many differences in collagenous lectins have been observed among humans, rodents, and other vertebrates. For example, humans have only one MBL but three FCNs, whereas most other species express two FCNs and two MBLs. Bovidae express CG and other SP-D-related collectins that are not found in monogastric species. Some dysfunctions of human MBL are due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect its expression or structure and thereby increase susceptibility to some infections. Collagenous lectins have well-established roles in innate immunity to various microorganisms, so it is possible that some lectin genotypes or induced phenotypes influence resistance to some infectious or inflammatory diseases in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon N Lillie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1
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Role of the innate immune system in mediating lung allograft rejection. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2004. [DOI: 10.1097/01.mot.0000135416.98328.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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