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Xu J, Chen L, Pang S, Zhang Q, Deng S, Zhu J, Chen X, Langford PR, Huang Q, Zhou R, Li L. HylS', a fragment of truncated hyaluronidase of Streptococcus suis, contributes to immune evasion by interaction with host complement factor C3b. Virulence 2024; 15:2306691. [PMID: 38251716 PMCID: PMC10854370 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2306691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have evolved many strategies to evade surveillance and attack by complements. Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen that infects humans and pigs. Hyaluronidase (HylA) has been reported to be a potential virulence factor of S. suis. However, in this study, it was discovered that the genomic region encoding HylA of the virulent S. suis strain SC19 and other ST1 strains was truncated into four fragments when aligned with a strain containing intact HylA and possessing hyaluronidase activity. As a result, SC19 had no hyaluronidase activity, but one truncated HylA fragment, designated as HylS,' directly interacted with complement C3b, as confirmed by western ligand blotting, pull-down, and ELISA assays. The deposition of C3b and membrane attack complex (MAC) formation on the surface of a HylS'-deleted mutant (ΔhylS') was significantly increased compared to wild-type SC19. In human sera and whole blood, ΔhylS' survival was significantly reduced compared to that in SC19. The resistance of ΔhylS' to macrophages and human polymorphonuclear neutrophil PMNs also decreased. In a mouse infection model, ΔhylS' showed reduced lethality and lower bacterial load in the organs compared to that of SC19. We conclude that the truncated hyaluronidase HylS' fragment contributes to complement evasion and the pathogenesis of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siqi Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Simin Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, UK
| | - Qi Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Barile G. The fixation of complement protein pairs to CR2 isoforms. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101657. [PMID: 38371315 PMCID: PMC10869749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Reviewing old protocols, it was found that Raji, a CR2-posistive cell line, binds both endogenous (e-C3) and exogenous C3 (i-C3). The processing of i-C3 to an i-C3b-like protein and their fixation to CR2 isoforms resulted in the formation of heterodimers whose units might be linked via thioester by low m.w. molecule(s). In an attempt to study the origin of the low m.w. molecules, it was found that they were detected following I12⁵-C3d treatment with NHS or hi-S. Indirect evidence would suggest that the products of C3 fragment fixation could have a short half-life and that the aromatic residues present in C3d might have different physico-chemical characteristics than those present in C3c. The surface hydrophobicity expressed by these aromatic residues could be required for the fixation of C3 or CR2 fragments to cell surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Barile
- Former Dirigente di Ricerca, Istituto Tecnologie Biomediche, CNR, Roma, Italy
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3
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Sun Q, Song SY, Ma J, Li D, Wang Y, Yang Z, Wang Y. Cutting edge of genetically modified pigs targeting complement activation for xenotransplantation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383936. [PMID: 38638432 PMCID: PMC11024274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In the quest to address the critical shortage of donor organs for transplantation, xenotransplantation stands out as a promising solution, offering a more abundant supply of donor organs. Yet, its widespread clinical adoption remains hindered by significant challenges, chief among them being immunological rejection. Central to this issue is the role of the complement system, an essential component of innate immunity that frequently triggers acute and chronic rejection through hyperacute immune responses. Such responses can rapidly lead to transplant embolism, compromising the function of the transplanted organ and ultimately causing graft failure. This review delves into three key areas of xenotransplantation research. It begins by examining the mechanisms through which xenotransplantation activates both the classical and alternative complement pathways. It then assesses the current landscape of xenotransplantation from donor pigs, with a particular emphasis on the innovative strides made in genetically engineering pigs to evade complement system activation. These modifications are critical in mitigating the discordance between pig endogenous retroviruses and human immune molecules. Additionally, the review discusses pharmacological interventions designed to support transplantation. By exploring the intricate relationship between the complement system and xenotransplantation, this retrospective analysis not only underscores the scientific and clinical importance of this field but also sheds light on the potential pathways to overcoming one of the major barriers to the success of xenografts. As such, the insights offered here hold significant promise for advancing xenotransplantation from a research concept to a viable clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Yuan Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jiabao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Longquanyi District of Chengdu Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengteng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Jiao S, Tan N, Zhu C, Ding Y, Xu W. Malaria sporozoites evade host complement attack. Parasite Immunol 2024; 46:e13012. [PMID: 37859300 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Complement is the first line of the host innate immune response against bacterial and viral infections; however, its role in the development of the malaria liver stage remains undefined. We found that sporozoite infection by either a mosquito bite or intravenous injection activated systemic complement, but neither depletion of C3 nor knockout of C3 had a significant effect on malaria liver stage development. Incubation of mouse serum with trypsin-treated sporozoites, but not naive sporozoites, led to the deposition of a membrane attack complex (MAC) on the surface of sporozoites and greatly reduced the number of exo-erythrocytic forms (EEF). Further studies have shown that the recruitment of complement H factor (CFH) may be associated with the prevention of MAC deposition on the surface of naïve sporozoites. Our data strongly suggest that sporozoites can escape complement attacks and provide us with a novel strategy to prevent malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- The School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nie Tan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chengyu Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- The School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- The School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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5
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Hou Z, Yin W, Hao Z, Fan K, Sun N, Sun P, Li H. Molecular Simulation Study on the Interaction between Porcine CR1-like and C3b. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052183. [PMID: 36903431 PMCID: PMC10005376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis of porcine red blood cell immune adhesion function stems from the complement receptor type 1-like (CR1-like) on its cell membrane. The ligand for CR1-like is C3b, which is produced by the cleavage of complement C3; however, the molecular mechanism of the immune adhesion of porcine erythrocytes is still unclear. Here, homology modeling was used to construct three-dimensional models of C3b and two fragments of CR1-like. An interaction model of C3b-CR1-like was constructed by molecular docking, and molecular structure optimization was achieved using molecular dynamics simulation. A simulated alanine mutation scan revealed that the amino acids Tyr761, Arg763, Phe765, Thr789, and Val873 of CR1-like SCR 12-14 and the amino acid residues Tyr1210, Asn1244, Val1249, Thr1253, Tyr1267, Val1322, and Val1339 of CR1-like SCR 19-21 are key residues involved in the interaction of porcine C3b with CR1-like. This study investigated the interaction between porcine CR1-like and C3b using molecular simulation to clarify the molecular mechanism of the immune adhesion of porcine erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hou
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Zhili Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130015, China
| | - Kuohai Fan
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Na Sun
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Panpan Sun
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Hongquan Li
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-3546289210
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Huang RY, Tseng FY, You JJ, Van Dyke TE, Cheng CD, Sung CE, Weng PW, Shieh YS, Cheng WC. Targeting therapeutic agent against C3b/C4b, SB002, on the inflammation-induced bone loss in experimental periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:657-670. [PMID: 36632003 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To use experimental periodontitis models in rats to investigate the correlation between local expression of the complement components C3b and C4b in periodontal tissues and disease severity, and to assess the therapeutic effects of targeting C3b/C4b on inflammatory bone loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gingival expression of C3, C3b, and C4b in animal experimental periodontitis models were analysed immunohistochemically. The therapeutic effects of the C3b/C4b inhibitor (SB002) on ligation-induced experimental periodontitis was examined using biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS The gingival expression levels of C3, C3b, and C4b were positively correlated with the severity of periodontitis. Moreover, both single and multiple injections of the C3b/C4b inhibitor had preventive and therapeutic effects on alveolar bone loss in ligation-induced experimental periodontitis with no associated adverse consequences. CONCLUSIONS The association between C3b/C4b and periodontitis may provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for periodontitis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Yeong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Tseng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chia-Dan Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-En Sung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Graduate Institutes of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chien Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Riba M, Campo-Sabariz J, Tena I, Molina-Porcel L, Ximelis T, Calvo M, Ferrer R, Martín-Venegas R, del Valle J, Vilaplana J, Pelegrí C. Wasteosomes (corpora amylacea) of human brain can be phagocytosed and digested by macrophages. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:177. [PMID: 36307854 PMCID: PMC9617366 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corpora amylacea of human brain, recently renamed as wasteosomes, are granular structures that appear during aging and also accumulate in specific areas of the brain in neurodegenerative conditions. Acting as waste containers, wasteosomes are formed by polyglucosan aggregates that entrap and isolate toxic and waste substances of different origins. They are expelled from the brain to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and can be phagocytosed by macrophages. In the present study, we analyze the phagocytosis of wasteosomes and the mechanisms involved in this process. Accordingly, we purified wasteosomes from post-mortem extracted human CSF and incubated them with THP-1 macrophages. Immunofluorescence staining and time-lapse recording techniques were performed to evaluate the phagocytosis. We also immunostained human hippocampal sections to study possible interactions between wasteosomes and macrophages at central nervous system interfaces. Results We observed that the wasteosomes obtained from post-mortem extracted CSF are opsonized by MBL and the C3b complement protein. Moreover, we observed that CD206 and CD35 receptors may be involved in the phagocytosis of these wasteosomes by THP-1 macrophages. Once phagocytosed, wasteosomes become degraded and some of the resulting fractions can be exposed on the surface of macrophages and interchanged between different macrophages. However, brain tissue studies show that, in physiological conditions, CD206 but not CD35 receptors may be involved in the phagocytosis of wasteosomes. Conclusions The present study indicates that macrophages have the machinery required to process and degrade wasteosomes, and that macrophages can interact in different ways with wasteosomes. In physiological conditions, the main mechanism involve CD206 receptors and M2 macrophages, which trigger the phagocytosis of wasteosomes without inducing inflammatory responses, thus avoiding tissue damage. However, altered wasteosomes like those obtained from post-mortem extracted CSF, which may exhibit waste elements, become opsonized by MBL and C3b, and so CD35 receptors constitute another possible mechanism of phagocytosis, leading in this case to inflammatory responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00915-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Riba
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Campo-Sabariz
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentàries (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iraida Tena
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.10403.360000000091771775Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ximelis
- grid.410458.c0000 0000 9635 9413Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.10403.360000000091771775Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Calvo
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Unitat de Microscòpia Òptica Avançada - Campus Clínic, Facultat de Medicina, Centres Científics i Tecnològics - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Ferrer
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentàries (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Martín-Venegas
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentàries (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume del Valle
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegrí
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Centros de Biomedicina en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Schack VR, Herlin MK, Pedersen H, Jensen JMB, Færch M, Bundgaard B, Jensen RK, Jensen UB, Christensen R, Andersen GR, Thiel S, Höllsberg P. Novel homozygous CD46 variant with C-isoform expression affects C3b inactivation in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1610-1619. [PMID: 35987516 PMCID: PMC9804674 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy that may lead to organ failure. Dysregulation of the complement system can cause aHUS, and various disease-related variants in the complement regulatory protein CD46 are described. We here report a pediatric patient with aHUS carrying a hitherto unreported homozygous variant in CD46 (NM_172359.3:c.602C>T p.(Ser201Leu)). In our functional analyses, this variant caused complement dysregulation through three separate mechanisms. First, CD46 surface expression on the patient's blood cells was significantly reduced. Second, stably expressing CD46(Ser201Leu) cells bound markedly less to patterns of C3b than CD46 WT cells. Third, the patient predominantly expressed the rare isoforms of CD46 (C dominated) instead of the more common isoforms (BC dominated). Using BC1 and C1 expressing cell lines, we found that the C1 isoform bound markedly less C3b than the BC1 isoform. These results highlight the coexistence of multiple mechanisms that may act synergistically to disrupt CD46 function during aHUS development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten K. Herlin
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Henrik Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - J. Magnus Bernth Jensen
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark,Department of Molecular MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Mia Færch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | | | - Rasmus K. Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Uffe B. Jensen
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Rikke Christensen
- Department of Clinical GeneticsAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Gregers R. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Steffen Thiel
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Per Höllsberg
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
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9
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Zhou Y, Yan K, Sun C, Liu F, Peng W, Chen H, Yuan F, Bei W, Li J. Binding of Plasminogen to Streptococcus suis Protein Endopeptidase O Facilitates Evasion of Innate Immunity in Streptococcus suis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694103. [PMID: 34305859 PMCID: PMC8297593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacterial species Streptococcus suis is an important porcine and human pathogen that causes severe life-threatening diseases associated with high mortality rates. However, the mechanisms by which S. suis evades host innate immunity remain elusive, so identifying novel virulence factors involved in immune evasion is crucial to gain control over this threatening pathogen. Our previous work has shown that S. suis protein endopeptidase O (SsPepO) is a novel fibronectin-binding protein. Here, we identified that recombinant SsPepO binds human plasminogen in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the binding of SsPepO and plasminogen, upon the activation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, generated plasmin, which could cleave complement C3b, thus playing an important role in complement control. Additionally, a SspepO-deficient mutant showed impaired adherence to plasminogen as well as impaired adherence to and invasion of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells compared with the wildtype strain. We further found that the SspepO-deficient mutant was efficiently killed by human serum and blood. We also confirmed that the SspepO-deficient mutant had a lower mortality rate than the wildtype strain in a mouse model. In conclusion, these results indicate that SsPepO is a novel plasminogen-binding protein that contributes to S. suis immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Dehinwal R, Cooley D, Rakov AV, Alugupalli AS, Harmon J, Cunrath O, Vallabhajosyula P, Bumann D, Schifferli DM. Increased Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles by Salmonella Interferes with Complement-Mediated Innate Immune Attack. mBio 2021; 12:e0086921. [PMID: 34061589 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00869-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) enriched with bioactive proteins, toxins, and virulence factors play a critical role in host-pathogen and microbial interactions. The two-component system PhoP-PhoQ (PhoPQ) of Salmonella enterica orchestrates the remodeling of outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules and concomitantly upregulates OMV production. In this study, we document a novel use of nanoparticle tracking analysis to determine bacterial OMV size and number. Among the PhoPQ-activated genes tested, pagC expression had the most significant effect on the upregulation of OMV production. We provide the first evidence that PhoPQ-mediated upregulation of OMV production contributes to bacterial survival by interfering with complement activation. OMVs protected bacteria in a dose-dependent manner, and bacteria were highly susceptible to complement-mediated killing in their absence. OMVs from bacteria expressing PagC bound to complement component C3b in a dose-dependent manner and inactivated it by recruiting complement inhibitor Factor H. As we also found that Factor H binds to PagC, we propose that PagC interferes with complement-mediated killing of Salmonella in the following two steps: first by engaging Factor H, and second, through the production of PagC-enriched OMVs that divert and inactivate the complement away from the bacteria. Since PhoPQ activation occurs intracellularly, the resultant increase in PagC expression and OMV production is suggested to contribute to the local and systemic spread of Salmonella released from dying host cells that supports the infection of new cells. IMPORTANCE Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) mediate critical bacterium-bacterium and host-microbial interactions that influence pathogenesis through multiple mechanisms, including the elicitation of inflammatory responses, delivery of virulence factors, and enhancement of biofilm formation. As such, there is a growing interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms of OMV production. Recent studies have revealed that OMV biogenesis is a finely tuned physiological process that requires structural organization and selective sorting of outer membrane components into the vesicles. In Salmonella, outer membrane remodeling and OMV production are tightly regulated by its PhoPQ system. In this study, we demonstrate that PhoPQ-regulated OMV production plays a significant role in defense against host innate immune attack. PhoPQ-activated PagC expression recruits the complement inhibitor Factor H and degrades the active C3 component of complement. Our results provide valuable insight into the combination of tools and environmental signals that Salmonella employs to evade complement-mediated lysis, thereby suggesting a strong evolutionary adaptation of this facultative intracellular pathogen to protect itself during its extracellular stage in the host.
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11
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Devalaraja-Narashimha K, Meagher K, Luo Y, Huang C, Kaplan T, Muthuswamy A, Halasz G, Casanova S, O'Brien J, Peyser Boiarsky R, McWhirter J, Gartner H, Bai Y, MacDonnell S, Liu C, Hu Y, Latuszek A, Wei Y, Prasad S, Huang T, Yancopoulos G, Murphy A, Olson W, Zambrowicz B, Macdonald L, Morton LG. Humanized C3 Mouse: A Novel Accelerated Model of C3 Glomerulopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:99-114. [PMID: 33288630 PMCID: PMC7894673 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is characterized by the alternative-pathway (AP) hyperactivation induced by nephritic factors or complement gene mutations. Mice deficient in complement factor H (CFH) are a classic C3G model, with kidney disease that requires several months to progress to renal failure. Novel C3G models can further contribute to understanding the mechanism behind this disease and developing therapeutic approaches. METHODS A novel, rapidly progressing, severe, murine model of C3G was developed by replacing the mouse C3 gene with the human C3 homolog using VelociGene technology. Functional, histologic, molecular, and pharmacologic assays characterize the presentation of renal disease and enable useful pharmacologic interventions in the humanized C3 (C3hu/hu) mice. RESULTS The C3hu/hu mice exhibit increased morbidity early in life and die by about 5-6 months of age. The C3hu/hu mice display elevated biomarkers of kidney dysfunction, glomerulosclerosis, C3/C5b-9 deposition, and reduced circulating C3 compared with wild-type mice. Administration of a C5-blocking mAb improved survival rate and offered functional and histopathologic benefits. Blockade of AP activation by anti-C3b or CFB mAbs also extended survival and preserved kidney function. CONCLUSIONS The C3hu/hu mice are a useful model for C3G because they share many pathologic features consistent with the human disease. The C3G phenotype in C3hu/hu mice may originate from a dysregulated interaction of human C3 protein with multiple mouse complement proteins, leading to unregulated C3 activation via AP. The accelerated disease course in C3hu/hu mice may further enable preclinical studies to assess and validate new therapeutics for C3G.
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12
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Wymann S, Dai Y, Nair AG, Cao H, Powers GA, Schnell A, Martin-Roussety G, Leong D, Simmonds J, Lieu KG, de Souza MJ, Mischnik M, Taylor S, Ow SY, Spycher M, Butcher RE, Pearse M, Zuercher AW, Baz Morelli A, Panousis C, Wilson MJ, Rowe T, Hardy MP. A novel soluble complement receptor 1 fragment with enhanced therapeutic potential. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100200. [PMID: 33334893 PMCID: PMC7948397 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human complement receptor 1 (HuCR1) is a pivotal regulator of complement activity, acting on all three complement pathways as a membrane-bound receptor of C3b/C4b, C3/C5 convertase decay accelerator, and cofactor for factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b and C4b. In this study, we sought to identify a minimal soluble fragment of HuCR1, which retains the complement regulatory activity of the wildtype protein. To this end, we generated recombinant, soluble, and truncated versions of HuCR1 and compared their ability to inhibit complement activation in vitro using multiple assays. A soluble form of HuCR1, truncated at amino acid 1392 and designated CSL040, was found to be a more potent inhibitor than all other truncation variants tested. CSL040 retained its affinity to both C3b and C4b as well as its cleavage and decay acceleration activity and was found to be stable under a range of buffer conditions. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice demonstrated that the level of sialylation is a major determinant of CSL040 clearance in vivo. CSL040 also showed an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared with the full extracellular domain of HuCR1. The in vivo effects of CSL040 on acute complement-mediated kidney damage were tested in an attenuated passive antiglomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis model. In this model, CSL040 at 20 and 60 mg/kg significantly attenuated kidney damage at 24 h, with significant reductions in cellular infiltrates and urine albumin, consistent with protection from kidney damage. CSL040 thus represents a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of complement-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wymann
- Research and Development, CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yun Dai
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anup G Nair
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Cao
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anna Schnell
- Research and Development, CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - David Leong
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kim G Lieu
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marcel Mischnik
- Research and Development, CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Saw Yen Ow
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Spycher
- Research and Development, CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tony Rowe
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Cerniauskas E, Kurzawa‐Akanbi M, Xie L, Hallam D, Moya‐Molina M, White K, Steel D, Doherty M, Whitfield P, Al‐Aama J, Armstrong L, Kavanagh D, Lambris JD, Korolchuk VI, Harris C, Lako M. Complement modulation reverses pathology in Y402H-retinal pigment epithelium cell model of age-related macular degeneration by restoring lysosomal function. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1585-1603. [PMID: 32815311 PMCID: PMC7695639 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease, which is characterized by loss of central vision, affecting one in three people by the age of 75. The Y402H polymorphism in the complement factor H (CFH) gene significantly increases the risk of AMD. We show that Y402H-AMD-patient-specific retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are characterized by a significant reduction in the number of melanosomes, an increased number of swollen lysosome-like-vesicles with fragile membranes, Cathepsin D leakage into drusen-like deposits and reduced lysosomal function. The turnover of C3 is increased significantly in high-risk RPE cells, resulting in higher internalization and deposition of the terminal complement complex C5b-9 at the lysosomes. Inhibition of C3 processing via the compstatin analogue Cp40 reverses the disease phenotypes by relieving the lysosomes of their overburden and restoring their function. These findings suggest that modulation of the complement system represents a useful therapeutic approach for AMD patients associated with complement dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvinas Cerniauskas
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Marzena Kurzawa‐Akanbi
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Long Xie
- Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Dean Hallam
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Marina Moya‐Molina
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Kathryn White
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - David Steel
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Mary Doherty
- University of the Highlands and IslandsInvernessUK
| | | | - Jumana Al‐Aama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Princess Al‐Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - David Kavanagh
- Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Viktor I. Korolchuk
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Claire Harris
- Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Royal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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14
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Kavvadas E. Autoantibodies specific for C1q, C3b, β2-glycoprotein 1 and annexins may amplify complement activity and reduce apoptosis-mediated immune suppression. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110286. [PMID: 33254588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neoplastic cells hijack cell death pathways to evade the immune response. Phosphatidylserine, a marker of apoptotic cells, and its highly conserved bridging proteins, annexins and β2-glycoprotein I, facilitate the efficient removal of apoptotic and necrotic cells via tumor-associated phagocytes in a process called efferocytosis. Efferocytosis results in the clearance of dead and dying cells and local immune suppression. Neoplastic cells also have an increased capacity to activate complement. Complement may facilitate the silent removal of tumor cells and has a dual role in promoting and inhibiting tumor growth. Here I hypothesize that immune response-generating IgG autoantibodies that recognize opsonizing fragments C1q, C3b, and phosphatidylserine-binding proteins (annexins, β2-glycoprotein I) may reduce tumor growth. I propose that these autoantibodies induce a pro-inflammatory, cytotoxic tumor microenvironment. Further, I predict that autoantibodies can drive neoplastic cell phagocytosis in an Fc receptor-dependent manner and recruit additional complement, resulting in immune-stimulatory effects. Excessive complement activation and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity may stimulate anti-tumor responses, including damage to tumor vasculature. Here I provide insights that may aid the development of more effective therapeutic modalities to control cancer. Such therapeutic approaches should kill neoplastic cells and target their interaction with host immune cells. Thereby the pro-tumorigenic effect of dead cancer cells could be limited while inducing the anti-tumor potential of tumor-associated phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Kavvadas
- 417 General Military Hospital NIMTS - Pathology Department, Monis Petraki 12, Postal Code: 11521, Athens, Greece.
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15
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Shait Mohammed MR, Krishnan S, Amrathlal RS, Jayapal JM, Namperumalsamy VP, Prajna L, Kuppamuthu D. Local Activation of the Alternative Pathway of Complement System in Mycotic Keratitis Patient Tear. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:205. [PMID: 32435625 PMCID: PMC7218074 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium solani are the predominant causative agents of mycotic keratitis in the tropical part of the world. Tear proteins play a major role in the innate immune response against these fungal infections as has been shown by the presence of complement proteins and neutrophil extracellular trap proteins in keratitis patients tear. In this study, we established the presence of the components of the alternate pathway of complement system and their functional state in the tear film of mycotic keratitis patients. The complement proteins namely, C3 and CFH were found only in the open-eye tear of patients but not in control individuals. In vitro analysis showed binding of purified C3b and CFH to fungal spores, which confirmed that the spores can provide a foreign surface for forming the complement complex. Analysis of spore bound tear proteins by mass spectrometry exhibited the presence of known proteins of the alternate pathway complement cascade in keratitis patient tear. Hemolytic assay using rabbit RBC confirmed the presence of a functional alternate pathway of complement cascade in the tear proteome of the patients. The presence of negative regulators, CFH and CFI, in the patient tear indicate that the complement activity is tightly regulated during fungal infection. Mass spectrometry data show vitronectin and clusterin, two known inhibitors of the membrane attack complex only in the patient tear. These data demonstrate the activation of the alternate pathway of complement cascade during the early stages of infection. Interestingly, the production of multiple negative regulators of complement cascade implies the pathogen can effectively evade the host complement system during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Razeeth Shait Mohammed
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, India
| | - Sandhya Krishnan
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, India
| | - Rabbind Singh Amrathlal
- Department of Microbiology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, India
| | - Jeya Maheshwari Jayapal
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, India
| | | | - Lalitha Prajna
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, India
| | - Dharmalingam Kuppamuthu
- Department of Proteomics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Dr. G. Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, India
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16
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Fromell K, Adler A, Åman A, Manivel VA, Huang S, Dührkop C, Sandholm K, Ekdahl KN, Nilsson B. Assessment of the Role of C3(H 2O) in the Alternative Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:530. [PMID: 32296436 PMCID: PMC7136553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigate the hydrolysis of C3 to C3(H2O) and its ability to initiate activation via the alternative pathway (AP) of the complement system. The internal thioester bond within C3 is hydrolyzed by water in plasma because of its inherent lability. This results in the formation of non-proteolytically activated C3(H2O) which is believed have C3b-like properties and be able to form an active initial fluid phase C3 convertase together with Factor B (FB). The generation of C3(H2O) occurs at a low but constant rate in blood, but the formation can be greatly accelerated by the interaction with various surfaces or nucleophilic and chaotropic agents. In order to more specifically elucidate the relevance of the C3(H2O) for AP activation, formation was induced in solution by repeated freeze/thawing, methylamine or KCSN treatment and named C3(x) where the x can be any of the reactive nucleophilic or chaotropic agents. Isolation and characterization of C3(x) showed that it exists in several forms with varying attributes, where some have more C3b-like properties and can be cleaved by Factor I in the presence of Factor H. However, in common for all these variants is that they are less active partners in initial formation of the AP convertase compared with the corresponding activity of C3b. These observations support the idea that formation of C3(x) in the fluid phase is not a strong initiator of the AP. It is rather likely that the AP mainly acts as an amplification mechanism of complement activation that is triggered by deposition of target-bound C3b molecules generated by other means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Fromell
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Adler
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanda Åman
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vivek Anand Manivel
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Dührkop
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Sandholm
- Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Kristina N Ekdahl
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Makou E, Bailey RG, Johnston H, Parkin JD, Hulme AN, Hähner G, Barlow PN. Combining SPR with atomic-force microscopy enables single-molecule insights into activation and suppression of the complement cascade. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:20148-20163. [PMID: 31719147 PMCID: PMC6937562 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation and suppression of the complement system compete on every serum-exposed surface, host or foreign. Potentially harmful outcomes of this competition depend on surface molecules through mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Combining surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with atomic force microscopy (AFM), here we studied two complement system proteins at the single-molecule level: C3b, the proteolytically activated form of C3, and factor H (FH), the surface-sensing C3b-binding complement regulator. We used SPR to monitor complement initiation occurring through a positive-feedback loop wherein surface-deposited C3b participates in convertases that cleave C3, thereby depositing more C3b. Over multiple cycles of flowing factor B, factor D, and C3 over the SPR chip, we amplified C3b from ∼20 to ∼220 molecules·μm−2. AFM revealed C3b clusters of up to 20 molecules and solitary C3b molecules deposited up to 200 nm away from the clusters. A force of 0.17 ± 0.02 nanonewtons was needed to pull a single FH molecule, anchored to the AFM probe, from its complex with surface-attached C3b. The extent to which FH molecules stretched before detachment varied widely among complexes. Performing force-distance measurements with FH(D1119G), a variant lacking one of the C3b-binding sites and causing atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, we found that it detached more uniformly and easily. In further SPR experiments, KD values between FH and C3b on a custom-made chip surface were 5-fold tighter than on commercial chips and similar to those on erythrocytes. These results suggest that the chemistry at the surface on which FH acts drives conformational adjustments that are functionally critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Makou
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Chemistry Building, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Bailey
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Johnston
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Chemistry Building, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - John D Parkin
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alison N Hulme
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Chemistry Building, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Hähner
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N Barlow
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Chemistry Building, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3JY, United Kingdom
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18
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van den Bos RM, Pearce NM, Granneman J, Brondijk THC, Gros P. Insights Into Enhanced Complement Activation by Structures of Properdin and Its Complex With the C-Terminal Domain of C3b. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2097. [PMID: 31552043 PMCID: PMC6736995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Properdin enhances complement-mediated opsonization of targeted cells and particles for immune clearance. Properdin occurs as dimers, trimers and tetramers in human plasma, which recognize C3b-deposited surfaces, promote formation, and prolong the lifetime of C3bBb-enzyme complexes that convert C3 into C3b, thereby enhancing the complement-amplification loop. Here, we report crystal structures of monomerized properdin, which was produced by co-expression of separate N- and C-terminal constructs that yielded monomer-sized properdin complexes that stabilized C3bBb. Consistent with previous low-resolution X-ray and EM data, the crystal structures revealed ring-shaped arrangements that are formed by interactions between thrombospondin type-I repeat (TSR) domains 4 and 6 of one protomer interacting with the N-terminal domain (which adopts a short transforming-growth factor B binding protein-like fold) and domain TSR1 of a second protomer, respectively. Next, a structure of monomerized properdin in complex with the C-terminal domain of C3b showed that properdin-domain TSR5 binds along the C-terminal α-helix of C3b, while two loops, one from domain TSR5 and one from TSR6, extend and fold around the C3b C-terminus like stirrups. This suggests a mechanistic model in which these TSR5 and TSR6 "stirrups" bridge interactions between C3b and factor B or its fragment Bb, and thereby enhance formation of C3bB pro-convertases and stabilize C3bBb convertases. In addition, properdin TSR6 would sterically block binding of the protease factor I to C3b, thus limiting C3b proteolytic degradation. The presence of a valine instead of a third tryptophan in the canonical Trp-ladder of TSR domains in TSR4 allows a remarkable ca. 60°-domain bending motion of TSR4. Together with variable positioning of TSR2 and, putatively, TSR3, this explains the conformational flexibility required for properdin to form dimers, trimers, and tetramers. In conclusion, the results indicate that binding avidity of oligomeric properdin is needed to distinguish surface-deposited C3b molecules from soluble C3b or C3 and suggest that properdin-mediated interactions bridging C3b-B and C3b-Bb enhance affinity, thus promoting convertase formation and stabilization. These mechanisms explain the enhancement of complement-mediated opsonization of targeted cells and particle for immune clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon M van den Bos
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas M Pearce
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joke Granneman
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - T Harma C Brondijk
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Piet Gros
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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19
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Qi J, Wang J, Chen J, Su J, Tang Y, Wu X, Ma X, Chen F, Ruan C, Zheng XL, Wu D, Han Y. Plasma levels of complement activation fragments C3b and sC5b-9 significantly increased in patients with thrombotic microangiopathy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:1849-1855. [PMID: 28801815 PMCID: PMC6225065 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is an uncommon but severe complication in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). However, the mechanism is unclear. From 2011 to 2014, 20 patients with TA-TMA, 20 patients without, and 54 patients with various other complications, including veno occlusive disease (VOD), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and infection, were recruited in the study. Plasma vWF antigen (vWFAg), vWF activity (vWFAc), and ADAMTS13 activity were determined in these patients by ELISAs and FRETS-vWF73 assay, respectively. Plasma C3b, sC5b-9, and CH50 were also determined by ELISAs. Plasma levels of C3b were significantly increased in patients with either TA-TMA (p < 0.0001) or GVHD (p < 0.01). Plasma sC5b-9 and CH50 levels in patients with TA-TMA were also significantly increased (p < 0.001). Plasma ADAMTS13 activity was lower in patients with VOD, but normal with other complications. Both plasma vWFAg and vWFAc levels were not elevated in patients with TA-TMA or VOD compared with those of other groups. Complement activation likely via an alternative pathway (increased C3b, sC5b-9, and CH50) may play a role in the pathogenesis of TA-TMA. ADAMTS13 activity is reduced in VOD, but the ADAMTS13/vWF axis appears to be unaffected in patients with TA-TMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Qi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - X Long Zheng
- Divsion of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35243, USA
| | - Depei Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China.
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yue Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Suzhou, China.
- Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Haematology, Suzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China.
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20
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Hoekstra H, Romero Pastrana F, Bonarius HPJ, van Kessel KPM, Elsinga GS, Kooi N, Groen H, van Dijl JM, Buist G. A human monoclonal antibody that specifically binds and inhibits the staphylococcal complement inhibitor protein SCIN. Virulence 2017; 9:70-82. [PMID: 28277903 PMCID: PMC5955450 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1294297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a serious public health burden causing a wide variety of infections. Earlier detection of such infections could result in faster and more directed therapies that also prevent resistance development. Human monoclonal antibodies (humAbs) are promising tools for diagnosis and therapy owing to their relatively straightforward synthesis, long history of safe clinical use and high target specificity. Here we show that the humAb 6D4, which was obtained from a random screen of B-cells producing antibodies that bind to whole cells of S. aureus, targets the staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN). The epitope recognized by 6D4 was localized to residues 26 to 36 in the N-terminus of SCIN, which overlap with the active site. Accordingly, 6D4 can inhibit SCIN activity as demonstrated through the analysis of C3b deposition on S. aureus cells and complement-induced lysis of rabbit erythrocytes. Importantly, while SCIN is generally regarded as a secreted virulence factor, 6D4 allowed detection of strongly increased SCIN binding to S. aureus cells upon exposure to human serum, relating to the known binding of SCIN to C3 convertases deposited on the staphylococcal cell surface. Lastly, we show that labeling of humAb 6D4 with a near-infrared fluorophore allows one-step detection of SCIN-producing S. aureus cells. Together, our findings show that the newly described humAb 6D4 specifically recognizes S. aureus SCIN, which can potentially be used for detection of human serum-incubated S. aureus strains expressing SCIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedzer Hoekstra
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Francisco Romero Pastrana
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | | | - Kok P M van Kessel
- c Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Girbe Buist
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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21
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Baud A, Aymé L, Gonnet F, Salard I, Gohon Y, Jolivet P, Brodolin K, Da Silva P, Giuliani A, Sclavi B, Chardot T, Mercère P, Roblin P, Daniel R. SOLEIL shining on the solution-state structure of biomacromolecules by synchrotron X-ray footprinting at the Metrology beamline. J Synchrotron Radiat 2017; 24:576-585. [PMID: 28452748 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517002478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray footprinting complements the techniques commonly used to define the structure of molecules such as crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance. It is remarkably useful in probing the structure and interactions of proteins with lipids, nucleic acids or with other proteins in solution, often better reflecting the in vivo state dynamics. To date, most X-ray footprinting studies have been carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source, USA, and at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France. This work presents X-ray footprinting of biomolecules performed for the first time at the X-ray Metrology beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation source. The installation at this beamline of a stopped-flow apparatus for sample delivery, an irradiation capillary and an automatic sample collector enabled the X-ray footprinting study of the structure of the soluble protein factor H (FH) from the human complement system as well as of the lipid-associated hydrophobic protein S3 oleosin from plant seed. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that the structural integrity of both proteins was not affected by the short exposition to the oxygen radicals produced during the irradiation. Irradiated molecules were subsequently analysed using high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify and locate oxidized amino acids. Moreover, the analyses of FH in its free state and in complex with complement C3b protein have allowed us to create a map of reactive solvent-exposed residues on the surface of FH and to observe the changes in oxidation of FH residues upon C3b binding. Studies of the solvent accessibility of the S3 oleosin show that X-ray footprinting offers also a unique approach to studying the structure of proteins embedded within membranes or lipid bodies. All the biomolecular applications reported herein demonstrate that the Metrology beamline at SOLEIL can be successfully used for synchrotron X-ray footprinting of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baud
- CNRS, UMR8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, 91025 Evry, France
| | - L Aymé
- INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - F Gonnet
- CNRS, UMR8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, 91025 Evry, France
| | - I Salard
- CNRS, UMR8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Y Gohon
- INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - P Jolivet
- INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - K Brodolin
- CPBS, CNRS UMR 5236-UM1/UM2, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - P Da Silva
- Metrology Beamline, Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Giuliani
- Disco Beamline, Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Sclavi
- LBPA, CNRS UMR 8113, ENS Cachan, 94235 Cachan, France
| | - T Chardot
- INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR1318, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - P Mercère
- Metrology Beamline, Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Roblin
- INRA, UAR1008 Caractérisation et Élaboration des Produits Issus de l'Agriculture, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | - R Daniel
- CNRS, UMR8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, 91025 Evry, France
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22
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López-Perrote A, Harrison RES, Subías M, Alcorlo M, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Morikis D, Llorca O. Ionic tethering contributes to the conformational stability and function of complement C3b. Mol Immunol 2017; 85:137-147. [PMID: 28254726 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C3b, the central component of the alternative pathway (AP) of the complement system, coexists as a mixture of conformations in solution. These conformational changes can affect interactions with other proteins and complement regulators. Here we combine a computational model for electrostatic interactions within C3b with molecular imaging to study the conformation of C3b. The computational analysis shows that the TED domain in C3b is tethered ionically to the macroglobulin (MG) ring. Monovalent counterion concentration affects the magnitude of electrostatic forces anchoring the TED domain to the rest of the C3b molecule in a thermodynamic model. This is confirmed by observing NaCl concentration dependent conformational changes using single molecule electron microscopy (EM). We show that the displacement of the TED domain is compatible with C3b binding to Factor B (FB), suggesting that the regulation of the C3bBb convertase could be affected by conditions that promote movement in the TED domain. Our molecular model also predicts mutations that could alter the positioning of the TED domain, including the common R102G polymorphism, a risk variant for developing age-related macular degeneration. The common C3b isoform, C3bS, and the risk isoform, C3bF, show distinct energetic barriers to displacement in the TED that are related to a network of electrostatic interactions at the interface of the TED and MG-ring domains of C3b. These computational predictions agree with experimental evidence that shows differences in conformation observed in C3b isoforms purified from homozygous donors. Altogether, we reveal an ionic, reversible attachment of the TED domain to the MG ring that may influence complement regulation in some mutations and polymorphisms of C3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés López-Perrote
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Reed E S Harrison
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Marta Subías
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcorlo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Dimitrios Morikis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Oscar Llorca
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Subías Hidalgo M, Yébenes H, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Martín-Ambrosio A, Domínguez M, Tortajada A, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Llorca O. Functional and structural characterization of four mouse monoclonal antibodies to complement C3 with potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:504-515. [PMID: 28083930 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
C3 is the central component of the complement system. Upon activation, C3 sequentially generates various proteolytic fragments, C3a, C3b, iC3b, C3dg, each of them exposing novel surfaces, which are sites of interaction with other proteins. C3 and its fragments are therapeutic targets and markers of complement activation. We report the structural and functional characterization of four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated by immunizing C3-deficient mice with a mixture of human C3b, iC3b and C3dg fragments, and discuss their potential applications. This collection includes three mAbs interacting with native C3 and inhibiting AP complement activation; two of them by blocking the cleavage of C3 by the AP C3-converase and one by impeding formation of the AP C3-convertase. The interaction sites of these mAbs in the target molecules were determined by resolving the structures of Fab fragments bound to C3b and/or iC3b using electron microscopy. A fourth mAb specifically recognizes the iC3b, C3dg, and C3d fragments. It binds to an evolutionary-conserved neoepitope generated after C3b cleavage by FI, detecting iC3b/C3dg deposition over opsonized surfaces by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in human and other species. Because well-characterized anti-complement mAbs are uncommon, the mAbs reported here may offer interesting therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Subías Hidalgo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Yébenes
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Rodríguez-Gallego
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Martín-Ambrosio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Domínguez
- Servicio de Inmunología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustin Tortajada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Llorca
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Roy D, Grenier D, Segura M, Mathieu-Denoncourt A, Gottschalk M. Recruitment of Factor H to the Streptococcus suis Cell Surface is Multifactorial. Pathogens 2016; 5:E47. [PMID: 27399785 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important bacterial swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent. Recently, two surface proteins of S. suis, Fhb and Fhbp, have been described for their capacity to bind factor H—a soluble complement regulatory protein that protects host cells from complement-mediated damages. Results obtained in this study showed an important role of host factor H in the adhesion of S. suis to epithelial and endothelial cells. Both Fhb and Fhbp play, to a certain extent, a role in such increased factor H-dependent adhesion. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of S. suis, independently of the presence of its sialic acid moiety, was also shown to be involved in the recruitment of factor H. However, a triple mutant lacking Fhb, Fhbp and CPS was still able to recruit factor H resulting in the degradation of C3b in the presence of factor I. In the presence of complement factors, the double mutant lacking Fhb and Fhbp was similarly phagocytosed by human macrophages and killed by pig blood when compared to the wild-type strain. In conclusion, this study suggests that recruitment of factor H to the S. suis cell surface is multifactorial and redundant.
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25
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Alcorlo M, López-Perrote A, Delgado S, Yébenes H, Subías M, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Llorca O. Structural insights on complement activation. FEBS J 2015; 282:3883-91. [PMID: 26250513 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proteolytic cleavage of C3 to generate C3b is the central and most important step in the activation of complement, a major component of innate immunity. The comparison of the crystal structures of C3 and C3b illustrates large conformational changes during the transition from C3 to C3b. Exposure of a reactive thio-ester group allows C3b to bind covalently to surfaces such as pathogens or apoptotic cellular debris. The displacement of the thio-ester-containing domain (TED) exposes hidden surfaces that mediate the interaction with complement factor B to assemble the C3-convertase of the alternative pathway (AP). In addition, the displacement of the TED and its interaction with the macroglobulin 1 (MG1) domain generates an extended surface in C3b where the complement regulators factor H (FH), decay accelerating factor (DAF), membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and complement receptor 1 (CR1) can bind, mediating accelerated decay of the AP C3-convertase and proteolytic inactivation of C3b. In the last few years, evidence has accumulated revealing that the structure of C3b in solution is significantly more flexible than anticipated. We review our current knowledge on C3b structural flexibility to propose a general model where the TED can display a collection of conformations around the MG ring, as well as a few specialized positions where the TED is held in one of several fixed locations. Importantly, this conformational heterogeneity in C3b impacts complement regulation by affecting the interaction with regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Alcorlo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Perrote
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- BioGUNE, Unidad de Biología Estructural - Ed. 800, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Hugo Yébenes
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Subías
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Rodríguez-Gallego
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Llorca
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Klop B, van der Pol P, van Bruggen R, Wang Y, de Vries MA, van Santen S, O'Flynn J, van de Geijn GJM, Njo TL, Janssen HW, de Man P, Jukema JW, Rabelink TJ, Rensen PCN, van Kooten C, Cabezas MC. Differential complement activation pathways promote C3b deposition on native and acetylated LDL thereby inducing lipoprotein binding to the complement receptor 1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35421-30. [PMID: 25349208 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.573840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins can induce complement activation resulting in opsonization and binding of these complexes to complement receptors. We investigated the binding of opsonized native LDL and acetylated LDL (acLDL) to the complement receptor 1 (CR1). Binding of complement factors C3b, IgM, C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and properdin to LDL and acLDL were investigated by ELISA. Subsequent binding of opsonized LDL and acLDL to CR1 on CR1-transfected Chinese Hamster Ovarian cells (CHO-CR1) was tested by flow cytometry. Both native LDL and acLDL induced complement activation with subsequent C3b opsonization upon incubation with normal human serum. Opsonized LDL and acLDL bound to CR1. Binding to CHO-CR1 was reduced by EDTA, whereas MgEGTA only reduced the binding of opsonized LDL, but not of acLDL suggesting involvement of the alternative pathway in the binding of acLDL to CR1. In vitro incubations showed that LDL bound C1q, whereas acLDL bound to C1q, IgM, and properdin. MBL did neither bind to LDL nor to acLDL. The relevance of these findings was demonstrated by the fact that ex vivo up-regulation of CR1 on leukocytes was accompanied by a concomitant increased binding of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins to leukocytes without changes in LDL-receptor expression. In conclusion, CR1 is able to bind opsonized native LDL and acLDL. Binding of LDL to CR1 is mediated via the classical pathway, whereas binding of acLDL is mediated via both the classical and alternative pathways. Binding of lipoproteins to CR1 may be of clinical relevance due to the ubiquitous cellular distribution of CR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudewijn Klop
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Vascular Center
| | | | | | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter de Man
- Medical Microbiology, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, 3004 BA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 1006 AN Leiden, the Netherlands, and
| | | | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, and
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Gorham RD, Forest DL, Tamamis P, López de Victoria A, Kraszni M, Kieslich CA, Banna CD, Bellows-Peterson ML, Larive CK, Floudas CA, Archontis G, Johnson LV, Morikis D. Novel compstatin family peptides inhibit complement activation by drusen-like deposits in human retinal pigmented epithelial cell cultures. Exp Eye Res 2013; 116:96-108. [PMID: 23954241 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have used a novel human retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cell-based model that mimics drusen biogenesis and the pathobiology of age-related macular degeneration to evaluate the efficacy of newly designed peptide inhibitors of the complement system. The peptides belong to the compstatin family and, compared to existing compstatin analogs, have been optimized to promote binding to their target, complement protein C3, and to enhance solubility by improving their polarity/hydrophobicity ratios. Based on analysis of molecular dynamics simulation data of peptide-C3 complexes, novel binding features were designed by introducing intermolecular salt bridge-forming arginines at the N-terminus and at position -1 of N-terminal dipeptide extensions. Our study demonstrates that the RPE cell assay has discriminatory capability for measuring the efficacy and potency of inhibitory peptides in a macular disease environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald D Gorham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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