1
|
Inadequate reinforcement of transmedial disruptions at branch points subtends aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Cardiovasc Pathol 2014; 23:152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
|
2
|
Wilcox LJ, Borradaile NM, Huff MW. Antiatherogenic Properties of Naringenin, a Citrus Flavonoid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.1999.tb00011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
3
|
Zhao SP, Deng P, Huang HG, Xu ZM, Dai HY, Hong SC, Yang J, Zhou HN. Expression of COX-2 mRNA in peripheral blood monocytes from patients with acute myocardial infarction and its significance. Clin Chem 2005; 51:2170-3. [PMID: 16244293 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2005.054288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shui-ping Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang T, Chen J. Cholesterol And Lipids In Depression: Stress, Hypothalamo‐Pituitary‐Adrenocortical Axis, And Inflammation/Immunity. Adv Clin Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2423(04)39003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase regulates the production of eicosanoids, which modulate physiologic processes in the vessel wall contributing to atherosclerosis and thrombosis, including platelet aggregation, control of vascular tone, and the local inflammatory response. Cyclooxygenase-1 mediates production of platelet thromboxane A(2), a potent vasoconstrictor and platelet agonist, whereas both cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 contribute to production of endothelial prostacyclin, a vasodilator that inhibits platelet activation. Concerns have been raised that cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors may increase thrombotic cardiovascular events by disturbing the balance between platelet thromboxane A(2) and endothelial prostacyclin, but this controversial issue will only be resolved by prospective clinical trials. Because cyclooxygenase-2 is upregulated in activated monocyte/macrophages, which play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we have recently tested the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 in LDL-receptor deficient mice would reduce early atherosclerosis. After 6 weeks on a Western-type diet, male LDL-receptor deficient mice treated with either rofecoxib (a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) or indomethacin (a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor) had significant reductions in atherosclerosis when compared with control mice. Also, LDL-receptor deficient mice null for macrophage cyclooxygenase-2 were generated by fetal liver cell transplantation and developed significantly less atherosclerosis than control LDL-receptor deficient mice transplanted with fetal liver cells wildtype for cyclooxygenase-2, providing genetic evidence in support of a proatherogenic role for macrophage cyclooxygenase-2 expression. These results support the potential of antiinflammatory approaches for the prevention of atherosclerosis and identify cyclooxygenase-2 as a target for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MacRae F Linton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Room 383 PRB, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6303, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burleigh ME, Babaev VR, Oates JA, Harris RC, Gautam S, Riendeau D, Marnett LJ, Morrow JD, Fazio S, Linton MF. Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes early atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Circulation 2002; 105:1816-23. [PMID: 11956125 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000014927.74465.7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis has features of an inflammatory disease. Because cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and promotes inflammation, we tested the hypotheses that selective COX-2 inhibition would reduce early lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice and that macrophage COX-2 expression contributes to atherogenesis in LDLR-/- mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment of male LDLR-/- mice fed the Western diet with rofecoxib or indomethacin for 6 weeks resulted in significant reductions in atherosclerosis in the proximal aorta (25% and 37%) and in the aorta en face (58% and 57%), respectively. Rofecoxib treatment did not inhibit platelet thromboxane production, a COX-1-mediated process, but it significantly reduced the urinary prostacyclin metabolite 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1alpha. Fetal liver cell transplantation was used to generate LDLR-/- mice null for expression of the COX-2 gene by macrophages. After 8 weeks on the Western diet, COX-2-/- --> LDLR-/- mice developed significantly less (33% to 39%) atherosclerosis than control COX-2+/+ --> LDLR-/- mice. In both the inhibitor studies and the transplant studies, serum lipids did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS The present studies provide strong pharmacological and genetic evidence that COX-2 promotes early atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDLR-/- mice in vivo. These results support the potential of anti-inflammatory approaches to the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Burleigh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Although the concept that inflammation plays a role in the biology of atherosclerosis is now well accepted, the basic feature of the arterial lesion remains the accumulation of clusters of foam cells. These clusters are the consequence of the enhanced recruitment of monocytes in the vessel wall induced by the hyperlipidemia and of the disproportionate accumulation of lipids in the cytoplasm of macrophages deriving from monocytes. Ultimately, every molecular force and pathway with modulating activity over the developing lesion will have to act on a convergence point with factors regulating cholesterol balance in the macrophage. Consistent with this view is the recent report that cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, can influence the expression of the scavenger receptor, whereas interferon-gamma can inhibit adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter-1, the main effector of cholesterol efflux in the peripheral cell. Conversely, recent data have shown that primary alterations in macrophage cholesterol balance, such as those produced by the total absence of acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1, may determine local changes compatible with the activation of inflammatory pathways. In this brief review, we discuss some of the convergence points between inflammation and cholesterol balance, and we highlight the additional therapeutic targets suggested by these new developments in vascular biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Fazio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6300, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Merhi‐Soussi F, Dominguez Z, Macovschi O, Dubois M, Savany A, Lagarde M, Prigent A. Human lymphocytes stimulate prostacyclin synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Involvement of endothelial cPLA
2. J Leukoc Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.68.6.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faten Merhi‐Soussi
- INSERM U352, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Pharmacologie, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; and
- Cátedra de Patología General y Fisiopatología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
| | - Zury Dominguez
- Cátedra de Patología General y Fisiopatología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
| | - Olga Macovschi
- INSERM U352, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Pharmacologie, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; and
- Cátedra de Patología General y Fisiopatología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
| | - Madeleine Dubois
- INSERM U352, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Pharmacologie, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; and
- Cátedra de Patología General y Fisiopatología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
| | - Alain Savany
- INSERM U352, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Pharmacologie, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; and
- Cátedra de Patología General y Fisiopatología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
| | - Michel Lagarde
- INSERM U352, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Pharmacologie, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; and
- Cátedra de Patología General y Fisiopatología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
| | - Annie‐France Prigent
- INSERM U352, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Pharmacologie, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France; and
- Cátedra de Patología General y Fisiopatología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corvera S, DiBonaventura C, Shpetner HS. Cell confluence-dependent remodeling of endothelial membranes mediated by cholesterol. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:31414-21. [PMID: 10903311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001708200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membranes of endothelial cells reaching confluence undergo profound structural and functional modifications, including the formation of adherens junctions, crucial for the regulation of vascular permeability and angiogenesis. Adherens junction formation is accompanied by the tyrosine dephosphorylation of adherens junctions proteins, which has been correlated with the strength and stability of adherens junctions. Here we show that cholesterol is a critical determinant of plasma membrane remodeling in cultures of growing cow pulmonary aortic endothelial cells. Membrane cholesterol increased dramatically at an early stage in the formation of confluent cow pulmonary aortic endothelial cell monolayers, prior to formation of intercellular junctions. This increase was accompanied by the redistribution of caveolin from a high density to a low density membrane compartment, previously shown to require cholesterol, and increased binding of the annexin II-p11 complex to membranes, consistent with other studies indicating cholesterol-dependent binding of annexin II to membranes. Furthermore, partial depletion of cholesterol from confluent cells with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin both induced tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple membrane proteins, including adherens junctions proteins, and disrupted adherens junctions. Both effects were dramatically reduced by prior complexing of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin with cholesterol. Our results reveal a novel physiological role for cholesterol regulating the formation of adherens junctions and other plasma membrane remodeling events as endothelial cells reach confluence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Corvera
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gesquière L, Loreau N, Blache D. Role of the cyclic AMP-dependent pathway in free radical-induced cholesterol accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 29:181-90. [PMID: 10980406 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that free radical-treated vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) lead to cholesterol accumulation in vitro. In the current study, we investigated the effects of oxidative stress on cyclic AMP concentration and cAMP-dependent enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis in A7r5 cells. Under our conditions of a mild oxidative stress, namely with no change in cell viability, we found that free radicals, initiated using azobis-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (AAPH), resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cellular cAMP which was opposed by vitamin E preincubation. Although the addition of adenylate cyclase activators (carbacyclin and forskolin) increased cAMP levels it did not succeed in restoring the AAPH-induced decrease. The oxidative stress-induced increase in activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and of acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase and the decrease in neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity were suppressed by addition of dibutyryl cAMP. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that free radicals reduce cAMP concentrations by altering cell membrane adenylate cyclase activity. The changes of cAMP-dependent enzymes induced by oxidative stress resulting in cholesterol accumulation might be one of the processes leading to SMC-derived foam cells depicted in atheroma plaque. Moreover, if extrapolated to in vivo, these data may explain in part the beneficial effects of antioxidants in the reduction of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gesquière
- INSERM U 498, Biochimie des Lipoprotéines et Interactions Vasculaires, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Viñals M, Martínez-González J, Badimon L. Regulatory effects of HDL on smooth muscle cell prostacyclin release. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:2405-11. [PMID: 10521370 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.19.10.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One mechanism by which high density lipoproteins (HDLs) exert their protective effect against coronary artery disease could be related to the induction of prostacyclin (PGI(2)) release in the vessel wall. We have recently shown that HDL increases PGI(2) production in rabbit smooth muscle cells (RSMCs) and that this increase is dependent on cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2). Here we analyze the mechanism by which rabbit HDL induces PGI(2) release in RSMCs. Our results show that although HDL(2) and HDL(3) share a similar capacity to induce Cox-2 protein levels, HDL(3) stimulates a higher PGI(2) release than does HDL(2), probably because of their relative arachidonate contents. Acetylsalicylic acid pretreatment (300 micromol/L, 30 minutes) significantly reduced the HDL-induced PGI(2) release, suggesting that both preexisting and induced Cox-2 activities were involved in the HDL effect. Ca(2+)-dependent cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and Cox-1 protein levels were not altered by HDL. Dexamethasone (2 micromol/L), which also inhibited the HDL-induced PGI(2) release, reduced significantly both Cox-2 mRNA and protein levels without affecting cPLA(2) and Cox-1 protein levels. In addition, methylarachidonyl fluorophosphonate, a potent inhibitor of cPLA(2), did not produce any effect on HDL-induced PGI(2) release. In the presence of cycloheximide, Cox-2 mRNA levels were induced by HDL and inhibited by dexamethasone, suggesting that HDL and dexamethasone work in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. These results indicate an early effect of HDL on PGI(2) biosynthesis, specifically increasing Cox-2. PD98059, an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, completely inhibited HDL-induced PGI(2) release, whereas GF109203X, a protein kinase C inhibitor, had no effect. Thus, HDL induces PGI(2) synthesis by a mechanism dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway but independent of protein kinase C.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta/cytology
- Aspirin/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol, HDL/pharmacology
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- Cyclooxygenase 1
- Cyclooxygenase 2
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cytosol/enzymology
- Dactinomycin/pharmacology
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Epoprostenol/metabolism
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Isoenzymes/analysis
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Maleimides/pharmacology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Phospholipases A/metabolism
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/analysis
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rabbits
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Viñals
- Cardiovascular Research Center, IIBB/CSIC-Institut de Recerca del Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mikkola T, Viinikka L, Ylikorkala O. Estrogen and postmenopausal estrogen/progestin therapy: effect on endothelium-dependent prostacyclin, nitric oxide and endothelin-1 production. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1998; 79:75-82. [PMID: 9643408 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(98)00050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that postmenopausal estrogen/progestin therapy (HRT) protects women against cardiovascular disorders. However, the mechanism(s) by which this protection is mediated remains largely unresolved, because beneficial effects of estrogen on the blood lipid profile account for only 20-30% of the overall protection. Growing evidence suggests that estrogen has direct effects on the blood vessel wall indicating that vascular endothelium may play a key role in mediating these effects by producing vasoactive factors, such as prostacyclin (PGI2), nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). In vitro estrogen stimulates endothelial PGI2 and NO production, whereas ET-1 production is not affected. Moreover, in vivo studies indicate that estrogen and HRT increase PGI2 and NO production, whereas ET-1 production decreases. These effects are evidently mediated through estrogen receptors in endothelial cells. Thus, estrogen and HRT lead to the dominance of vasodilatory and antiaggregatory agents released by the endothelial cells. This may be an important new mechanism in the cardiovascular protection mediated by estrogen and HRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mikkola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- B Osterud
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Andersson M, Löw P, Bakhiet M. Lovastatin inhibits interferon-gamma-induced Trypanosoma brucei brucei proliferation: evidence for mevalonate pathway involvement. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1996; 16:435-9. [PMID: 8807496 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1996.16.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is an essential immunoregulating molecule that has recently been shown to have a growth stimulatory effect on Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. b. brucei). The signalling pathway(s) involved during this triggering are unknown. Since the different products from the biosynthesis pathway utilizing mevalonate have several important cellular functions, ranging from cholesterol synthesis to growth control, we here investigate the possible role for the mevalonate pathway in IFN-gamma-driven parasite proliferation. Thus, lovastatin, a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase-inhibiting drug, was incubated at different concentrations in vitro with T. b. brucei. The parasites were then stimulated with a broad concentration range of rIFN-gamma. The effect on proliferation or growth was measured either by the tritium-labeled thymidine incorporation assay or by direct counting of parasites from the cultures using light microscopy. The maximum proliferative response was obtained with IFN-gamma at a concentration of 10(3) U/ml added to 10(6) parasites. This response was markedly decreased with lovastatin, even at a low concentration (0.1 mM). The effect of lovastatin was reversed by the addition of 10 mM mevalonate. IFN-gamma at a concentration of 10(4) U/ml showed no proliferative effect. Addition of mevalonate to this concentration of IFN-gamma gave a threefold increase in parasite proliferation. Our data suggest that a low concentration of IFN-gamma induces parasite growth, a high concentration has the opposite effect, and both these events are regulated by activity or inactivity of the mevalonate pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|