1
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Murugananthkumar R, Sudhakumari CC. Understanding the impact of stress on teleostean reproduction. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Safarian N, Houshangi-Tabrizi S, Zoidl C, Zoidl GR. Panx1b Modulates the Luminance Response and Direction of Locomotion in the Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111750. [PMID: 34769181 PMCID: PMC8584175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 (Panx1) can form ATP-permeable channels that play roles in the physiology of the visual system. In the zebrafish two ohnologs of Panx1, Panx1a and Panx1b, have unique and shared channel properties and tissue expression patterns. Panx1a channels are located in horizontal cells of the outer retina and modulate light decrement detection through an ATP/pH-dependent mechanisms and adenosine/dopamine signaling. Here, we decipher how the strategic localization of Panx1b channels in the inner retina and ganglion cell layer modulates visually evoked motor behavior. We describe a panx1b knockout model generated by TALEN technology. The RNA-seq analysis of 6 days post-fertilization larvae is confirmed by real-time PCR and paired with testing of locomotion behaviors by visual motor and optomotor response tests. We show that the loss of Panx1b channels disrupts the retinal response to an abrupt loss of illumination and it decreases the larval ability to follow leftward direction of locomotion in low light conditions. We concluded that the loss of Panx1b channels compromises the final output of luminance as well as motion detection. The Panx1b protein also emerges as a modulator of the circadian clock system. The disruption of the circadian clock system in mutants suggests that Panx1b could participate in non-image forming processes in the inner retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickie Safarian
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.S.); (S.H.-T.); (C.Z.)
- Center of Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sarah Houshangi-Tabrizi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.S.); (S.H.-T.); (C.Z.)
| | - Christiane Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.S.); (S.H.-T.); (C.Z.)
- Center of Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Georg R. Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (N.S.); (S.H.-T.); (C.Z.)
- Center of Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Kiper K, Freeman JL. Use of Zebrafish Genetic Models to Study Etiology of the Amyloid-Beta and Neurofibrillary Tangle Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:524-539. [PMID: 34030617 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210524155944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing globally, with an imperative need to identify and expand the availability of pharmaceutical treatment strategies. Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure or has limited treatments. Rodent models are primarily used in Alzheimer's disease research to investigate causes, pathology, molecular mechanisms, and pharmaceutical therapies. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of Alzheimer's disease causes, pathogenesis, and optimal treatments due in part to some limitations of using rodents, including higher economic cost, which can influence sample size and ultimately statistical power. It is necessary to expand our animal model toolbox to provide alternative strategies in Alzheimer's disease research. The zebrafish application in neurodegenerative disease research and neuropharmacology is greatly expanding due to several vital strengths spanning lower economic costs, the smaller size of the organism, a sequenced characterized genome, and well described anatomical structures. These characteristics are coupled to the conserved molecular function and disease pathways in humans. The existence of orthologs for genes associated with Alzheimer's disease in zebrafish is also confirmed. While wild-type zebrafish appear to lack some of the neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease, the advent of genetic editing technologies has expanded evaluation of the amyloid and neurofibrillary tangle hypotheses using the zebrafish and exploration of pharmaceutical molecular targets. An overview of how genetic editing technologies are being used with the zebrafish to create models to investigate the causes, pathology, molecular mechanisms, and pharmaceutical targets of Alzheimer's disease is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keturah Kiper
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - Jennifer L Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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Carmona-Aldana F, Nuñez-Martinez HN, Peralta-Alvarez CA, Tapia-Urzua G, Recillas-Targa F. Generation of Functional Genetic Study Models in Zebrafish Using CRISPR-Cas9. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2174:255-262. [PMID: 32813255 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0759-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 is a method for genome editing that can be used efficiently for in vivo applications; the basic implementation of this method is used to generate genome site-directed sequence eliminations. Here we describe a protocol for genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 in zebrafish (Danio rerio) one-cell embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carmona-Aldana
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hober N Nuñez-Martinez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Peralta-Alvarez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Tapia-Urzua
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Félix Recillas-Targa
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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5
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Disruption of tmc1/2a/2b Genes in Zebrafish Reveals Subunit Requirements in Subtypes of Inner Ear Hair Cells. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4457-4468. [PMID: 32371604 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0163-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of sound and head movement requires mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) channels at tips of hair-cell stereocilia. In vertebrates, the transmembrane channel-like (TMC) proteins TMC1 and TMC2 fulfill critical roles in MET, and substantial evidence implicates these TMCs as subunits of the MET channel. To identify developmental and functional roles of this Tmc subfamily in the zebrafish inner ear, we tested the effects of truncating mutations in tmc1, tmc2a, and tmc2b on in vivo mechanosensation at the onset of hearing and balance, before gender differentiation. We find that tmc1/2a/2b triple-mutant larvae cannot detect sound or orient with respect to gravity. They lack acoustic-evoked behavioral responses, vestibular-induced eye movements, and hair-cell activity as assessed with FM dye labeling and microphonic potentials. Despite complete loss of hair-cell function, tmc triple-mutant larvae retain normal gross morphology of hair bundles and proper trafficking of known MET components Protocadherin 15a (Pcdh15a), Lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 5 (Lhfpl5), and Transmembrane inner ear protein (Tmie). Transgenic, hair cell-specific expression of Tmc2b-mEGFP rescues the behavioral and physiological deficits in tmc triple mutants. Results from tmc single and double mutants evince a principle role for Tmc2a and Tmc2b in hearing and balance, respectively, whereas Tmc1 has lower overall impact. Our experiments reveal that, in developing cristae, hair cells stratify into an upper, Tmc2a-dependent layer of teardrop-shaped cells and a lower, Tmc1/2b-dependent tier of gourd-shaped cells. Collectively, our genetic evidence indicates that auditory/vestibular end organs and subsets of hair cells therein rely on distinct combinations of Tmc1/2a/2b.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We assessed the effects of tmc1/2a/2b truncation mutations on mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) in the inner-ear hair cells of larval zebrafish. tmc triple mutants lacked behavioral responses to sound and head movements, while further assays demonstrated no observable mechanosensitivity in the tmc1/2a/2b triple mutant inner ear. Examination of tmc double mutants revealed major contributions from Tmc2a and Tmc2b to macular function; however, Tmc1 had less overall impact. FM labeling of lateral cristae in tmc double mutants revealed the presence of two distinct cell types, an upper layer of teardrop-shaped cells that rely on Tmc2a, and a lower layer of gourd-shaped cells that rely on Tmc1/2b.
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6
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Prykhozhij SV, Fuller C, Steele SL, Veinotte CJ, Razaghi B, Robitaille JM, McMaster CR, Shlien A, Malkin D, Berman JN. Optimized knock-in of point mutations in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:e102. [PMID: 29905858 PMCID: PMC6158492 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have optimized point mutation knock-ins into zebrafish genomic sites using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 reagents and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. The efficiency of knock-ins was assessed by a novel application of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by high-throughput sequencing. Anti-sense asymmetric oligo design was found to be the most successful optimization strategy. However, cut site proximity to the mutation and phosphorothioate oligo modifications also greatly improved knock-in efficiency. A previously unrecognized risk of off-target trans knock-ins was identified that we obviated through the development of a workflow for correct knock-in detection. Together these strategies greatly facilitate the study of human genetic diseases in zebrafish, with additional applicability to enhance CRISPR-based approaches in other animal model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Prykhozhij
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Charlotte Fuller
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University,Hamilton, ON, L8S4L8, Canada
| | | | - Chansey J Veinotte
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Babak Razaghi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Johane M Robitaille
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher R McMaster
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jason N Berman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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7
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Prykhozhij SV, Fuller C, Steele SL, Veinotte CJ, Razaghi B, Robitaille JM, McMaster CR, Shlien A, Malkin D, Berman JN. Optimized knock-in of point mutations in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:e102. [PMID: 29905858 PMCID: PMC6158492 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky512 10.1093/nar/gky674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
We have optimized point mutation knock-ins into zebrafish genomic sites using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 reagents and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides. The efficiency of knock-ins was assessed by a novel application of allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by high-throughput sequencing. Anti-sense asymmetric oligo design was found to be the most successful optimization strategy. However, cut site proximity to the mutation and phosphorothioate oligo modifications also greatly improved knock-in efficiency. A previously unrecognized risk of off-target trans knock-ins was identified that we obviated through the development of a workflow for correct knock-in detection. Together these strategies greatly facilitate the study of human genetic diseases in zebrafish, with additional applicability to enhance CRISPR-based approaches in other animal model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Prykhozhij
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Charlotte Fuller
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University,Hamilton, ON, L8S4L8, Canada
| | | | - Chansey J Veinotte
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Babak Razaghi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Johane M Robitaille
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christopher R McMaster
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jason N Berman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Ge W. An efficient platform for generating somatic point mutations with germline transmission in the zebrafish by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6611-6622. [PMID: 29500194 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Homology-directed recombination (HDR)-mediated genome editing is a powerful approach for both basic functional study and disease modeling. Although some studies have reported HDR-mediated precise editing in nonrodent models, the efficiency of establishing pure mutant animal lines that carry specific amino acid substitutions remains low. Furthermore, because the efficiency of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)-induced insertion and deletion (indel) mutations is normally much higher than that of HDR-induced point mutations, it is often difficult to identify the latter in the background of indel mutations. Using zebrafish as the model organism and Y box-binding protein 1 (Ybx1/ybx1) as the model molecule, we have established an efficient platform for precise CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in somatic cells, yielding an efficiency of up to 74% embryos. Moreover, we established a procedure for screening germline transmission of point mutations out of indel mutations even when germline transmission efficiency was low (<2%). To further improve germline transmission of HDR-induced point mutations, we optimized several key factors that may affect HDR efficiency, including the type of DNA donor, suppression of NHEJ, stimulation of HDR pathways, and use of Cas9 protein instead of mRNA. The optimized combination of these factors significantly increased the efficiency of germline transmission of point mutation up to 25%. In summary, we have developed an efficient procedure for creating point mutations and differentiating mutant individuals from those carrying knockouts of entire genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- From the Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- From the Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wei Ge
- From the Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
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9
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Machado RG, Eames BF. Using Zebrafish to Test the Genetic Basis of Human Craniofacial Diseases. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1192-1199. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517722776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) opened an innovative and productive avenue to investigate the molecular basis of human craniofacial disease. However, GWASs identify candidate genes only; they do not prove that any particular one is the functional villain underlying disease or just an unlucky genomic bystander. Genetic manipulation of animal models is the best approach to reveal which genetic loci identified from human GWASs are functionally related to specific diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential of zebrafish to resolve which candidate genetic loci are mechanistic drivers of craniofacial diseases. Many anatomic, embryonic, and genetic features of craniofacial development are conserved among zebrafish and mammals, making zebrafish a good model of craniofacial diseases. Also, the ability to manipulate gene function in zebrafish was greatly expanded over the past 20 y, enabling systems such as Gateway Tol2 and CRISPR-Cas9 to test gain- and loss-of-function alleles identified from human GWASs in coding and noncoding regions of DNA. With the optimization of genetic editing methods, large numbers of candidate genes can be efficiently interrogated. Finding the functional villains that underlie diseases will permit new treatments and prevention strategies and will increase understanding of how gene pathways operate during normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Grecco Machado
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - B. Frank Eames
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Jagla K, Kalman B, Boudou T, Hénon S, Batonnet-Pichon S. Beyond mice: Emerging and transdisciplinary models for the study of early-onset myopathies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 64:171-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
The cohesin protein complex regulates multiple cellular events including sister chromatid cohesion and gene expression. Several distinct human diseases called cohesinopathies have been associated with genetic mutations in cohesin subunit genes or genes encoding regulators of cohesin function. Studies in different model systems, from yeast to mouse have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of cohesin/cohesin regulators and their implications in the pathogenesis of cohesinopathies. The zebrafish has unique advantages for embryonic analyses and quantitative gene knockdown with morpholinos during the first few days of development, in contrast to knockouts of cohesin regulators in flies or mammals, which are either lethal as homozygotes or dramatically compensated for in heterozygotes. This has been particularly informative for Rad21, where a role in gene expression was first shown in zebrafish, and Nipbl, where the fish work revealed tissue-specific functions in heart, gut, and limbs, and long-range enhancer-promoter interactions that control Hox gene expression in vivo. Here we discuss the utility of the zebrafish in studying the developmental and pathogenic roles of cohesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Muto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Thomas F Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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12
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Xu H, O'Brochta DA. Advanced technologies for genetically manipulating the silkworm Bombyx mori, a model Lepidopteran insect. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.0487. [PMID: 26108630 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic technologies based on transposon-mediated transgenesis along with several recently developed genome-editing technologies have become the preferred methods of choice for genetically manipulating many organisms. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is a Lepidopteran insect of great economic importance because of its use in silk production and because it is a valuable model insect that has greatly enhanced our understanding of the biology of insects, including many agricultural pests. In the past 10 years, great advances have been achieved in the development of genetic technologies in B. mori, including transposon-based technologies that rely on piggyBac-mediated transgenesis and genome-editing technologies that rely on protein- or RNA-guided modification of chromosomes. The successful development and application of these technologies has not only facilitated a better understanding of B. mori and its use as a silk production system, but also provided valuable experiences that have contributed to the development of similar technologies in non-model insects. This review summarizes the technologies currently available for use in B. mori, their application to the study of gene function and their use in genetically modifying B. mori for biotechnology applications. The challenges, solutions and future prospects associated with the development and application of genetic technologies in B. mori are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - David A O'Brochta
- Department of Entomology, The Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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The Rise of CRISPR/Cas for Genome Editing in Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8140168. [PMID: 26880991 PMCID: PMC4736575 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8140168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic manipulation is a powerful tool to establish the causal relationship between a genetic lesion and a particular pathological phenotype. The rise of CRISPR/Cas9 genome-engineering tools overcame the traditional technical bottleneck for routine site-specific genetic manipulation in cells. To create the perfect in vitro cell model, there is significant interest from the stem cell research community to adopt this fast evolving technology. This review addresses this need directly by providing both the up-to-date biochemical rationale of CRISPR-mediated genome engineering and detailed practical guidelines for the design and execution of CRISPR experiments in cell models. Ultimately, this review will serve as a timely and comprehensive guide for this fast developing technology.
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14
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Abstract
Using TALEN or CRISPR/Cas system to induce small indels into coding sequences has been implicated in broad applications for reverse genetic studies of many organisms including zebrafish. However, complete deletion of a large gene or noncoding gene(s) or removing a large genomic fragment spanning several genes or other chromosomal elements is preferred in various cases, as well as inducing chromosomal inversions. Here, we describe the detailed protocols for the generation of chromosomal deletion mutations mediated by Cas9 and a pair of gRNAs and the evaluation for the efficiencies in F0 founder fish and of germline transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, No 5 Yiheyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, No 5 Yiheyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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15
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Sertori R, Trengove M, Basheer F, Ward AC, Liongue C. Genome editing in zebrafish: a practical overview. Brief Funct Genomics 2015; 15:322-30. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elv051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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16
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Du J, Zhang D, Zhang W, Ouyang G, Wang J, Liu X, Li S, Ji W, Liu W, Xiao W. pVHL Negatively Regulates Antiviral Signaling by Targeting MAVS for Proteasomal Degradation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1782-90. [PMID: 26179906 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene is a well-defined tumor suppressor linked to human heredity cancer syndromes. As a component of the VHL-elongin B/C E3 ligase complex, pVHL performs its tumor function by targeting proteins for proteasomal degradation. It is largely unknown whether pVHL functions in antiviral immunity. In this article, we identify that pVHL negatively regulates innate antiviral immunity, which acts mainly by inducing degradation of mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS, also known as Cardif, IPS-1, or VISA). Overexpression of pVHL abrogated the cellular response to viral infection, whereas knockdown of pVHL exerted the opposite effect. pVHL targeted the K420 residue of MAVS to catalyze the formation of K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, leading to proteasomal degradation of MAVS. After viral infection, Mavs levels remained low in wild type zebrafish embryos but became much higher in vhl-deficient (vhl(-/-)) zebrafish embryos. Higher MAVS levels correlated with a greatly exaggerated antiviral response. In this work, we demonstrate that pVHL exhibits a previously unknown role in innate antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Gang Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Shun Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China; and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Kita EM, Scott EK, Goodhill GJ. Topographic wiring of the retinotectal connection in zebrafish. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 75:542-56. [PMID: 25492632 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish retinotectal projection provides an attractive model system for studying many aspects of topographic map formation and maintenance. Visual connections initially start to form between 3 and 5 days postfertilization, and remain plastic throughout the life of the fish. Zebrafish are easily manipulated surgically, genetically, and chemically, and a variety of molecular tools exist to enable visualization and control of various aspects of map development. Here, we review zebrafish retinotectal map formation, focusing particularly on the detailed structure and dynamics of the connections, the molecules that are important in map creation, and how activity regulates the maintenance of the map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kita
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ethan K Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Goodhill
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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