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Zhou Y, Meng F, Köhler K, Bülow JM, Wagner A, Neunaber C, Bundkirchen K, Relja B. Age-related exacerbation of lung damage after trauma is associated with increased expression of inflammasome components. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1253637. [PMID: 38274788 PMCID: PMC10808399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Trauma, a significant global cause of mortality and disability, often leads to fractures and hemorrhagic shock, initiating an exaggerated inflammatory response, which harms distant organs, particularly the lungs. Elderly individuals are more vulnerable to immune dysregulation post-trauma, leading to heightened organ damage, infections, and poor health outcomes. This study investigates the role of NF-κB and inflammasomes in lung damage among aged mice post-trauma. Methods Twelve male C57BL/6J mice underwent hemorrhagic shock and a femoral fracture (osteotomy) with external fixation (Fx) (trauma/hemorrhage, THFx), while another 12 underwent sham procedures. Mice from young (17-26 weeks) and aged (64-72 weeks) groups (n=6) were included. After 24h, lung injury was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, prosurfactant protein C (SPC) levels, HMGB1, and Muc5ac qRT-PCR. Gene expression of Nlrp3 and Il-1β, and protein levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. Levels of lung-infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and activated caspase-3 expression to assess apoptosis, as well as NLRP3, ASC, and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) to assess the expression of inflammasome components were analyzed via immunostaining. To investigate the role of NF-κB signaling, protein expression of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated p50 were determined by western blot. Results Muc5ac, and SPC as lung protective proteins, significantly declined in THFx versus sham. THFx-aged exhibited significantly lower SPC and higher HMGB1 levels versus THFx-young. THFx significantly increased activated caspase-3 versus both sham groups, and THFx-aged had significantly more caspase-3 positive cells versus THFx-young. IL-6 significantly increased in both sham and THFx-aged groups versus corresponding young groups. THFx significantly enhanced PMNL in both groups versus corresponding sham groups. This increase was further heightened in THFx-aged versus THFx-young. Expression of p50 and phosphorylated p50 increased in all aged groups, and THFx-induced p50 phosphorylation significantly increased in THFx-aged versus THFx-young. THFx increased the expression of inflammasome markers IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC and GSDMD versus sham, and aging further amplified these changes significantly. Conclusion This study's findings suggest that the aging process exacerbates the excessive inflammatory response and damage to the lung following trauma. The underlying mechanisms are associated with enhanced activation of NF-κB and increased expression of inflammasome components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Zhou
- University Ulm, Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Ulm, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fanshuai Meng
- University Ulm, Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Ulm, Germany
- Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kernt Köhler
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Maria Bülow
- University Ulm, Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alessa Wagner
- University Ulm, Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Neunaber
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Bundkirchen
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- University Ulm, Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Translational and Experimental Trauma Research, Ulm, Germany
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Fratoni E, Theindl LC, da Rosa JS, Nascimento MVPDS, Maciel TDRG, de Campos-Buzzi F, Dalmarco EM. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of N-antipyrine-3,4-dichloromaleimide derivatives is due to an immunomodulatory effect on cytokines environment. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 45:224-233. [PMID: 36263907 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2136572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Inflammation is the immune response to a harmful stimulus, and its purpose is to destroy foreign agents so that the affected site can be repair. When uncontrolled or unresolved, inflammation can lead to significant tissue damage. Many classes of compounds are used today as anti-inflammatory drugs. However, there is an ongoing demand for new, more effective molecules with higher safety margins. In this regard, the anti-inflammatory effect of six synthetic compounds of N-antipyrine-3,4-dichloromaleimide was evaluated. METHODS RAW 264.7 cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the anti-inflammatory activity, by measuring the effect of these molecules on nitric oxide, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 (CCL2), TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 levels, as well as under NF-κB activation. RESULTS Some of the tested compounds showed significant cytotoxicity (CC50 < 100 µM). Subsequently, the potential of nitric oxide (NO) inhibition as screening for potential anti-inflammatory action was evaluated. Three of the compounds tested showed a promising profile (1, 3, and 5). When the effect of these compounds was evaluated on the production of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 (CCL2), TNF-α, and INF-γ, only N-antipyrine-3,4-dichloromaleimide (1) and N-antipyrine-3-chloro-4-(3,4-dichloroaniline) maleimide (3) showed significant inhibition profiles. These two compounds were also able to increase the production of cytokines known for having an anti-inflammatory profile (IL-4 and IL-13) and inhibit the phosphorylation of the p-p65 NF-κB subunit significantly. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these two compounds present a significant and unusual anti-inflammatory mechanism (increasing the production of anti-inflammatory mediators). They are therefore considered promising prototypes for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs with immunomodulatory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Fratoni
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Lais Cristina Theindl
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Julia Salvan da Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fátima de Campos-Buzzi
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Monguilhott Dalmarco
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
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3
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eNOS-dependent S-nitrosylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 has neuroprotective effects. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:4. [PMID: 33414434 PMCID: PMC7790835 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell death by glutamate excitotoxicity, mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, negatively impacts brain function, including but not limited to hippocampal neurons. The NF-κB transcription factor (composed mainly of p65/p50 subunits) contributes to neuronal death in excitotoxicity, while its inhibition should improve cell survival. Using the biotin switch method, subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescence, and luciferase reporter assays, we found that NMDA-stimulated NF-κB activity selectively in hippocampal neurons, while endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme expressed in neurons, is involved in the S-nitrosylation of p65 and consequent NF-κB inhibition in cerebrocortical, i.e., resistant neurons. The S-nitro proteomes of cortical and hippocampal neurons revealed that different biological processes are regulated by S-nitrosylation in susceptible and resistant neurons, bringing to light that protein S-nitrosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification, able to influence a variety of biological processes including the homeostatic inhibition of the NF-κB transcriptional activity in cortical neurons exposed to NMDA receptor overstimulation.
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Unveiling the Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress on Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1954398. [PMID: 32454933 PMCID: PMC7232723 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1954398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The global population above 60 years has been growing exponentially in the last decades, which is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of age-related chronic diseases, highlighting cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Aging is the main risk factor for these diseases. Such susceptibility to disease is explained, at least in part, by the increase of oxidative stress, in which it damages cellular components such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. In addition, the chronic inflammatory process in aging “inflammaging” also contributes to cell damage, creating a stressful environment which drives to the development of CVDs. Taken together, it is possible to identify the molecular connection between oxidative stress and the inflammatory process, especially by the crosstalk between the transcription factors Nrf-2 and NF-κB which are mediated by redox signalling and are involved in aging. Therapies that control this process are key targets in the prevention/combat of age-related CVDs. In this review, we show the basics of inflammation and oxidative stress, including the crosstalk between them, and the implications on age-related CVDs.
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New Insights for Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Herbal Medicine as Potential Therapeutic Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4598167. [PMID: 31915506 PMCID: PMC6930799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4598167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive disease affecting around 900 million people worldwide, and in recent years, the mechanism of aging and aging-related diseases has been well studied. Treatments for aging-related diseases have also made progress. For the long-term treatment of aging-related diseases, herbal medicine is particularly suitable for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and aging-related diseases, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy and exosome interactions, mitochondrial injury, and telomerase damage, and summarize commonly used herbals and compounds concerned with the development of aging-related diseases, including Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Radix astragali, Lycium barbarum, Rhodiola rosea, Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum chuanxiong, resveratrol, curcumin, and flavonoids. We also summarize key randomized controlled trials of herbal medicine for aging-related diseases during the past ten years. Adverse reactions of herbs were also described. It is expected to provide new insights for slowing aging and treating aging-related diseases with herbal medicine.
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Jiang Y, Ji JY. Understanding lamin proteins and their roles in aging and cardiovascular diseases. Life Sci 2018; 212:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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TGF-β and NF-κB signaling pathway crosstalk potentiates corneal epithelial senescence through an RNA stress response. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2337-2354. [PMID: 27713146 PMCID: PMC5115892 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium plays important roles in the maintenance of corneal transparency for good vision, and acts as a protective barrier against foreign insults. Structural and functional changes with aging in the corneal epithelium have been documented. Here we found that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is highly expressed in the elderly donor corneal epithelium, as are senescence-associated genes, such as p16 and p21. In human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) models, TGF-β induces cellular senescence, characterized by increased SA-β-gal positive cells and elevated expression of p16 and p21. Pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β signaling alleviates TGF-β-induced cellular senescence. In addition, we determined that senescence-associated inflammation was significantly aggravated in TGF-β-induced cellular senescence by detecting the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Both genetic and pharmacological approaches revealed that blocking nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling not only inhibited the production of inflammatory factors, but also rescued the senescent phenotype induced by TGF-β in HCECs. Mechanistically, TGF-β induced an atypical RNA stress responses, leading to accelerated mRNA degradation of IκBα, an inhibitor of NF-κB. Together, our data indicate that TGF-β-driven NF-κB activation contributes to corneal epithelial senescence via RNA metabolism and the inflammation blockade can attenuate TGF-β-induced senescence.
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Nizamutdinova IT, Dusio GF, Gasheva OY, Skoog H, Tobin R, Peddaboina C, Meininger CJ, Zawieja DC, Newell-Rogers MK, Gashev AA. Mast cells and histamine are triggering the NF-κB-mediated reactions of adult and aged perilymphatic mesenteric tissues to acute inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3065-3090. [PMID: 27875806 PMCID: PMC5191886 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish mechanistic links between the aging-associated changes in the functional status of mast cells and the altered responses of mesenteric tissue and mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLVs) to acute inflammation. We used an in vivo model of acute peritoneal inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment of adult (9-month) and aged (24-month) F-344 rats. We analyzed contractility of isolated MLVs, mast cell activation, activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) without and with stabilization of mast cells by cromolyn or blockade of all types of histamine receptors and production of 27 major pro-inflammatory cytokines in adult and aged perilymphatic mesenteric tissues and blood. We found that the reactivity of aged contracting lymphatic vessels to LPS-induced acute inflammation was abolished and that activated mast cells trigger NF-κB signaling in the mesentery through release of histamine. The aging-associated basal activation of mesenteric mast cells limits acute inflammatory NF-κB activation in aged mesentery. We conclude that proper functioning of the mast cell/histamine/NF-κB axis is necessary for reactions of the lymphatic vessels to acute inflammatory stimuli as well as for interaction and trafficking of immune cells near and within the collecting lymphatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Giuseppina F Dusio
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Olga Yu Gasheva
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Hunter Skoog
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Richard Tobin
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Chander Peddaboina
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - David C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - M Karen Newell-Rogers
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott and White Health, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
| | - Anatoliy A Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76504, USA
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Gundersen GW, Jagodnik KM, Woodland H, Fernandez NF, Sani K, Dohlman AB, Ung PMU, Monteiro CD, Schlessinger A, Ma'ayan A. GEN3VA: aggregation and analysis of gene expression signatures from related studies. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:461. [PMID: 27846806 PMCID: PMC5111283 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide gene expression profiling of mammalian cells is becoming a staple of many published biomedical and biological research studies. Such data is deposited into data repositories such as the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for potential reuse. However, these repositories currently do not provide simple interfaces to systematically analyze collections of related studies. RESULTS Here we present GENE Expression and Enrichment Vector Analyzer (GEN3VA), a web-based system that enables the integrative analysis of aggregated collections of tagged gene expression signatures identified and extracted from GEO. Each tagged collection of signatures is presented in a report that consists of heatmaps of the differentially expressed genes; principal component analysis of all signatures; enrichment analysis with several gene set libraries across all signatures, which we term enrichment vector analysis; and global mapping of small molecules that are predicted to reverse or mimic each signature in the aggregate. We demonstrate how GEN3VA can be used to identify common molecular mechanisms of aging by analyzing tagged signatures from 244 studies that compared young vs. old tissues in mammalian systems. In a second case study, we collected 86 signatures from treatment of human cells with dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist. Our analysis confirms consensus GR target genes and predicts potential drug mimickers. CONCLUSIONS GEN3VA can be used to identify, aggregate, and analyze themed collections of gene expression signatures from diverse but related studies. Such integrative analyses can be used to address concerns about data reproducibility, confirm results across labs, and discover new collective knowledge by data reuse. GEN3VA is an open-source web-based system that is freely available at: http://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/gen3va .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Gundersen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kathleen M Jagodnik
- Fluid Physics and Transport Processes Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA.,Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Holly Woodland
- , Daylesford, The Fairway, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0RZ, UK
| | - Nicholas F Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kevin Sani
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Anders B Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Peter Man-Un Ung
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Caroline D Monteiro
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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10
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Osorio FG, Soria-Valles C, Santiago-Fernández O, Freije JMP, López-Otín C. NF-κB signaling as a driver of ageing. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:133-74. [PMID: 27572128 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB signaling exerts essential roles in immunity and cellular stress responses, regulating many functions related with organism innate defense. Besides, NF-κB altered signaling has been causally linked to ageing and diverse pathological conditions. We discuss herein the functional involvement of this signaling pathway in ageing, visiting recent experimental evidence about NF-κB activation in this complex process, its functional consequences and the novel biological functions raised from these works. Moreover, we discuss ageing intervention strategies based on NF-κB inhibition, which have demonstrated to be effective at delaying and even reverting different ageing manifestations in human and mouse models of both normal and accelerated ageing. Altogether, the current evidence supports that NF-κB activation constitutes a driving force of the ageing process and a preferential target for rejuvenation-aimed approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Osorio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - C Soria-Valles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - O Santiago-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J M P Freije
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - C López-Otín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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Abstract
Aging is characterized by the progressive accumulation of degenerative changes, culminating in impaired function and increased probability of death. It is the major risk factor for many human pathologies - including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases - and consequently exerts an enormous social and economic toll. The major goal of aging research is to develop interventions that can delay the onset of multiple age-related diseases and prolong healthy lifespan (healthspan). The observation that enhanced longevity and health can be achieved in model organisms by dietary restriction or simple genetic manipulations has prompted the hunt for chemical compounds that can increase lifespan. Most of the pathways that modulate the rate of aging in mammals have homologs in yeast, flies, and worms, suggesting that initial screening to identify such pharmacological interventions may be possible using invertebrate models. In recent years, several compounds have been identified that can extend lifespan in invertebrates, and even in rodents. Here, we summarize the strategies employed, and the progress made, in identifying compounds capable of extending lifespan in organisms ranging from invertebrates to mice and discuss the formidable challenges in translating this work to human therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder Kumar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David B Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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