1
|
Koley S, Mukherjee M. Comprehensive analysis of multiple cytokines to stratify uropathogenic Escherichia coli pathogenesis in mouse model of urinary tract infection. Cytokine 2024; 178:156577. [PMID: 38479049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common human bacterial infections primarily caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). Empiric treatment in UTI cause emergence of multidrug resistance and limit treatment options. Understanding UTI at the molecular level with respect to the causative pathogen as well as subsequent host response pose an absolute necessity towards appropriate clinical management. This study aimed to investigate host cytokine response in mouse UTI model with respect to bacterial colonization and associated virulence gene expression upon infection. METHOD Mouse UTI model was established with two clinical UPEC isolates E. coli NP105 and E. coli P025. UPEC colonization in bladder and kidney was evaluated by bacterial culture (CFU/ml). Histopathology of the tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. PCR and real time PCR were used to detect the incidence and expression of respective bacterial genes. Cytokine concentrations in tissues and sera were evaluated using ELISA. GraphPad prism version 8.0.2 was used for statistical interpretation. RESULT Highest bacterial colonization was observed on 7th and 9th day post infection (p.i). in bladder and kidney of mouse infected with E. coli P025 and E. coli NP105 respectively with a distinct difference in relative expression of fimH and papC adhesin genes in vivo. IL-1β level in tissues and sera of E. coli NP105 and E. coli P025 infected mouse was significantly different but the IL-17A, GCSF, TGF-β levels were comparable. CONCLUSION These findings show a role of IL1β to stratify pathogenicity of UPEC in mouse UTI model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snehashis Koley
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, 700073
| | - Mandira Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, 700073.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen EC, Shapiro RL, Pal A, Bartee D, DeLong K, Carter DM, Serrano-Diaz E, Rais R, Ensign LM, Freel Meyers CL. Investigating inhibitors of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase in a mouse model of UTI. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0389623. [PMID: 38376151 PMCID: PMC10986598 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03896-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising rate of antimicrobial resistance continues to threaten global public health. Further hastening antimicrobial resistance is the lack of new antibiotics against new targets. The bacterial enzyme, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXPS), is thought to play important roles in central metabolism, including processes required for pathogen adaptation to fluctuating host environments. Thus, impairing DXPS function represents a possible new antibacterial strategy. We previously investigated a DXPS-dependent metabolic adaptation as a potential target in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), using the DXPS-selective inhibitor butyl acetylphosphonate (BAP). However, investigations of DXPS inhibitors in vivo have not been conducted. The goal of the present study is to advance DXPS inhibitors as in vivo probes and assess the potential of inhibiting DXPS as a strategy to prevent UTI in vivo. We show that BAP was well-tolerated at high doses in mice and displayed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for studies in a mouse model of UTI. Further, an alkyl acetylphosphonate prodrug (homopropargyl acetylphosphonate, pro-hpAP) was significantly more potent against UPEC in urine culture and exhibited good exposure in the urinary tract after systemic dosing. Prophylactic treatment with either BAP or pro-hpAP led to a partial protective effect against UTI, with the prodrug displaying improved efficacy compared to BAP. Overall, our results highlight the potential for DXPS inhibitors as in vivo probes and establish preliminary evidence that inhibiting DXPS impairs UPEC colonization in a mouse model of UTI.IMPORTANCENew antibiotics against new targets are needed to prevent an antimicrobial resistance crisis. Unfortunately, antibiotic discovery has slowed, and many newly FDA-approved antibiotics do not inhibit new targets. Alkyl acetylphosphonates (alkyl APs), which inhibit the enzyme 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXPS), represent a new possible class of compounds as there are no FDA-approved DXPS inhibitors. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the in vivo safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of alkyl APs in a urinary tract infection mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel L. Shapiro
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Arindom Pal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Bartee
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin DeLong
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Davell M. Carter
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erika Serrano-Diaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura M. Ensign
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caren L. Freel Meyers
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
LeCuyer TE, Sellon RK, Byrne BA, Daniels JB, Diaz-Campos DV, Hendrix GK, Burbick CR, Besser TE, Davis MA. Multicenter molecular investigation of recurrent Escherichia coli bacteriuria in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2024; 288:109914. [PMID: 38113575 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most common cause of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in dogs. UTI recurrence comprises of persistent, unresolved E. coli infection or reinfection with a different strain of E. coli. Differentiating between these processes is clinically important but is often impossible with routine diagnostics. We tested the hypothesis that most recurrent canine E. coli bacteriuria is due to recurrence of the same E. coli strain involved in the initial infection. Molecular typing was performed on 98 urinary E. coli isolated from dogs with recurrent bacteriuria from five veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the United States. Of the 42 dogs in this study with multiple E. coli bacteriuria observations, a single strain of E. coli caused recurrent bacteriuria in 26 (62 %) dogs, in some cases on multiple occasions for prolonged periods of time (up to eight months). A single E. coli strain was detected during both subclinical bacteriuria and clinically-apparent UTI in three dogs. Isolates with the P-fimbrial adhesin genes papA and papC were associated with recurrence by the same strain of E. coli. Multiple isolations of a single strain of E. coli associated with recurrent bacteriuria suggests that E. coli may be maintained within the urinary tract of some dogs for prolonged periods of time. In some patients, the same strain can cause both clinical UTI and subclinical bacteriuria. This indicates that in dogs, the urinary bladder may serve as a subclinical, long-term reservoir of E. coli that may cause clinical UTI in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa E LeCuyer
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Rance K Sellon
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Barbara A Byrne
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua B Daniels
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dubraska V Diaz-Campos
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - G Kenitra Hendrix
- Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Claire R Burbick
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Thomas E Besser
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Margaret A Davis
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Montalbetti N, Dalghi MG, Parakala-Jain T, Clayton D, Apodaca G, Carattino MD. Antinociceptive effect of the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist BIBN4096BS in mice with bacterial cystitis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F779-F791. [PMID: 37823199 PMCID: PMC10878727 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00217.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) suffer from urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, and suprapubic pain, but the mechanisms by which bladder afferents sense the presence of uropathogens and encode this information is not well understood. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-mer neuropeptide found in a subset of bladder afferents that terminate primarily in the lamina propria. Here, we report that the CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN4096BS lessens lower urinary tract symptoms and prevents the development of pelvic allodynia in mice inoculated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) without altering urine bacterial loads or the host immune response to the infection. These findings indicate that CGRP facilitates the processing of noxious/inflammatory stimuli during UPEC infection. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we identified a population of suburothelial fibroblasts in the lamina propria, a region where afferent fibers containing CGRP terminate, that expresses the canonical CGRP receptor components Calcrl and Ramp1. We propose that these fibroblasts, in conjunction with CGRP+ afferents, form a circuit that senses substances released during the infection and transmit this noxious information to the central nervous system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Afferent C fibers release neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Here, we show that the specific CGRP receptor antagonist, BIBN409BS, ameliorates lower urinary tract symptoms and pelvic allodynia in mice inoculated with uropathogenic E. coli. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we identified a population of suburothelial fibroblasts in the lamina propria that expresses the canonical CGRP receptor. Our findings indicate that CGRP contributes to the transmission of nociceptive information arising from the bladder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Montalbetti
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marianela G Dalghi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Tanmay Parakala-Jain
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dennis Clayton
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hawas S, Vagenas D, Haque A, Totsika M. Bladder-draining lymph nodes support germinal center B cell responses during urinary tract infection in mice. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0031723. [PMID: 37882531 PMCID: PMC10652902 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00317-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are both common and exhibit high recurrence rates in women. UTI healthcare costs are increasing due to the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, necessitating alternative approaches for infection control. Here, we directly observed host adaptive immune responses in acute UTI. We employed a mouse model in which wild-type C57BL/6J mice were transurethrally inoculated with a clinically relevant MDR UTI strain of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Firstly, we noted that rag1-/- C57BL/6J mice harbored larger bacterial burdens than wild-type counterparts, consistent with a role for adaptive immunity in UTI control. Consistent with this, UTI triggered in the bladders of wild-type mice early increases of myeloid cells, including CD11chi conventional dendritic cells, suggesting possible involvement of these professional antigen-presenting cells. Importantly, germinal center B cell responses developed by 4 weeks post-infection in bladder-draining lymph nodes of wild-type mice and, although modest in magnitude and transient in nature, could not be boosted with a second UTI. Thus, our data reveal for the first time in a mouse model that UPEC UTI induces local B cell immune responses in bladder-draining lymph nodes, which could potentially serve to control infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hawas
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Vagenas
- Research Methods Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hawas S, Qin J, Wiedbrauk S, Fairfull-Smith K, Totsika M. Preclinical Evaluation of Nitroxide-Functionalised Ciprofloxacin as a Novel Antibiofilm Drug Hybrid for Urinary Tract Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1479. [PMID: 37887180 PMCID: PMC10604439 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common bacterial infection with high recurrence rates and can involve biofilm formation on patient catheters. Biofilms are inherently tolerant to antimicrobials, making them difficult to eradicate. Many antibiofilm agents alone do not have bactericidal activity; therefore, linking them to antibiotics is a promising antibiofilm strategy. However, many of these hybrid agents have not been tested in relevant preclinical settings, limiting their potential for clinical translation. Here, we evaluate a ciprofloxacin di-nitroxide hybrid (CDN11), previously reported to have antibiofilm activity against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strain UTI89 in vitro, as a potential UTI therapeutic using multiple preclinical models that reflect various aspects of UTI pathogenesis. We report improved in vitro activity over the parent drug ciprofloxacin against mature UTI89 biofilms formed inside polyethylene catheters. In bladder cell monolayers infected with UTI89, treatment with CDN11 afforded significant reduction in bacterial titers, including intracellular UPEC. Infected mouse bladders containing biofilm-like intracellular reservoirs of UPEC UTI89 showed decreased bacterial loads after ex vivo bladder treatment with CDN11. Activity for CDN11 was reported across different models of UTI, showcasing nitroxide-antibiotic hybridization as a promising antibiofilm approach. The pipeline we described here could be readily used in testing other new therapeutic compounds, fast-tracking the development of novel antibiofilm therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hawas
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.H.); (J.Q.)
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Jilong Qin
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.H.); (J.Q.)
| | - Sandra Wiedbrauk
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.W.); (K.F.-S.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Kathryn Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (S.W.); (K.F.-S.)
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (S.H.); (J.Q.)
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Liang B, Song Z, Chen W, Niu H, Xing D, Zhang Y. High antipersister activity of a promising new quinolone drug candidate in eradicating uropathogenic Escherichia coli persisters and persistent infection in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad193. [PMID: 37667517 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To develop more potent drugs that eradicate persister bacteria and cure persistent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). METHODS AND RESULTS We synthesized eight novel clinifloxacin analogs and measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), the time-kill curves in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) UTI89, and applied the candidate drugs and combinations against biofilm bacteria in vitro and in mice. Transcriptomic analysis was performed for UPEC after candidate drug treatment to shed light on potential mechanism of action. We identified Compound 2, named Qingdafloxacin (QDF), which was more potent than clinafloxacin and clinically used levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, with an MIC of < 0.04 μg ml-1 and an MBC of 0.08∼0.16 μg ml-1. In drug combination studies, QDF + gentamicin + nitrofuran combination but not single drugs completely eradicated all stationary phase bacteria containing persisters and biofilm bacteria, and all bacteria in a persistent UTI mouse model. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the unique antipersister activity of QDF was associated with downregulation of genes involved in bacterial stress response, DNA repair, protein misfolding repair, pyrimidine metabolism, glutamate, and glutathione metabolism, and efflux. CONCLUSIONS QDF has high antipersister activity and its drug combinations proved highly effective against biofilm bacteria in vitro and persistent UTIs in mice, which may have implications for treating rUTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhengming Song
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongxia Niu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dickson K, Scott C, White H, Zhou J, Kelly M, Lehmann C. Antibacterial and Analgesic Properties of Beta-Caryophyllene in a Murine Urinary Tract Infection Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104144. [PMID: 37241885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-caryophyllene has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of conditions, including interstitial cystitis. These effects are mediated primarily via the activation of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor. Additional antibacterial properties have recently been suggested, leading to our investigation of the effects of beta-caryophyllene in a murine model of urinary tract infection (UTI). Female BALB/c mice were intravesically inoculated with uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073. The mice received either beta-caryophyllene, antibiotic treatment using fosfomycin, or combination therapy. After 6, 24, or 72 h, the mice were evaluated for bacterial burden in the bladder and changes in pain and behavioral responses using von Frey esthesiometry. In the 24 h model, the anti-inflammatory effects of beta-caryophyllene were also assessed using intravital microscopy. The mice established a robust UTI by 24 h. Altered behavioral responses persisted 72 h post infection. Treatment with beta-caryophyllene resulted in a significant reduction in the bacterial burden in urine and bladder tissues 24 h post UTI induction and significant improvements in behavioral responses and intravital microscopy parameters, representing reduced inflammation in the bladder. This study demonstrates the utility of beta-caryophyllene as a new adjunct therapy for the management of UTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayle Dickson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Cassidy Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Hannah White
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Melanie Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hassuna NA, Rabie EM, Mahd WKM, Refaie MMM, Yousef RKM, Abdelraheem WM. Antibacterial effect of vitamin C against uropathogenic E. coli in vitro and in vivo. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:112. [PMID: 37081381 PMCID: PMC10116447 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to antibiotics has increased steadily over time, thus there is a pressing need for safer alternatives to antibiotics. Current study aims to evaluate the influence of vitamin C as an antibacterial and anti-biofilm agent against uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains. The expression of beta-lactamases and biofilm encoding genes among E. coli isolates before and after treating the isolates with sub MIC of vitamin C was analyzed by Real-time PCR. The in vivo assessment of the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of vitamin C against uropathogenic E. coli strains was done using a urinary tract infection (UTI) rat model. RESULTS The effective concentration of vitamin C that could inhibit the growth of most study isolates (70%) was 1.25 mg/ml. Vitamin C showed a synergistic effect with most of the studied antibiotics; no antagonistic effect was detected at all. Vitamin C showed an excellent anti-biofilm effect against studied isolates, where 43 biofilm-producing isolates were converted to non-biofilm at a concentration of 0.312 mg/ml. The expression levels of most studied genes were down-regulated after treatment of E. coli isolates with vitamin C. In vivo assessment of vitamin C in treating UTIs showed that vitamin C has a rapid curative effect as the comparable antibiotic. Administration of both vitamin C and nitrofurantoin at a lower dose for treatment of UTI in rats had a better effect. CONCLUSION Vitamin C as an antibacterial and anti-biofilm agent either alone or in combination with antibiotics could markedly improve UTI in experimental rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Anwar Hassuna
- Medical Microbiology and immunology department- Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - E M Rabie
- Medical Microbiology and immunology department- Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - W K M Mahd
- Medical Microbiology and immunology department- Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Marwa M M Refaie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Wedad M Abdelraheem
- Medical Microbiology and immunology department- Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shionone Relieves Urinary Tract Infections by Removing Bacteria from Bladder Epithelial Cells. Cell Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3201540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In clinical practice, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are second only to respiratory infections in terms of infectious diseases. In recent years, drug resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) has increased significantly. The therapeutic effects of Shionone on UTI were assessed by modelling UTI in SD rats and SV-HUC-1 cells with E. coli solution. After treatment of Shionone, the UTI rat model showed a decrease in wet weight/body weight of bladder, as well as a reduction in cellular inflammatory infiltration of bladder tissue and a decrease in urinary levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In addition, the levels of proinflammatory factors were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in UTI cell model treated with different doses of Shionone (5, 10, and 20 μg/kg). The results of immunofluorescence analysis in both in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that Shionone reduced bacterial load and the number of E. coli colonies growing on the plates was greatly reduced. These results suggested that Shionone has a good therapeutic effect on UTI, achieved by reducing bacterial load in bladder epithelial cells. The data presented here provide a basis for further research into the treatment of UTI.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hazen JE, Di Venanzio G, Hultgren SJ, Feldman MF. Catheterization of mice triggers resurgent urinary tract infection seeded by a bladder reservoir of Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabn8134. [PMID: 36630484 PMCID: PMC10464790 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn8134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic-resistant bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of hospital-associated infections. Despite surveillance and infection control efforts, new A. baumannii strains are regularly isolated from health care facilities worldwide. In a mouse model of urinary tract infection, we found that mice infected with A. baumannii displayed high bacterial burdens in urine for several weeks. Two months after the resolution of A. baumannii infection, inserting a catheter into the bladder of mice with resolved infection led to the resurgence of a same-strain urinary tract infection in ~53% of the mice within 24 hours. We identified intracellular A. baumannii bacteria in the bladder epithelial cells of mice with resolved infection, which we propose could act as a host reservoir that was activated upon insertion of a catheter, leading to a resurgent secondary infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie E. Hazen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Gisela Di Venanzio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Mario F. Feldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ceragenin CSA-13 displays high antibacterial efficiency in a mouse model of urinary tract infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19164. [PMID: 36357517 PMCID: PMC9649698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceragenins (CSAs) are synthetic, lipid-based molecules that display activities of natural antimicrobial peptides. Previous studies demonstrated their high in vitro activity against pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), but their efficiency in vivo was not explored to date. In this study, we aimed to investigate the bactericidal efficiency of ceragenins against E. coli (Xen14 and clinical UPEC strains) isolates both in vitro and in vivo, as well to explore CSA-13 biodistribution and ability to modulate nanomechanical alterations of infected tissues using animal model of UTI. CSA-44, CSA-131 and particularly CSA-13 displayed potent bactericidal effect against tested E. coli strains, and this effect was mediated by induction of oxidative stress. Biodistribution studies indicated that CSA-13 accumulates in kidneys and liver and is eliminated with urine and bile acid. We also observed that ceragenin CSA-13 reverses infection-induced alterations in mechanical properties of mouse bladders tissue, which confirms the preventive role of CSA-13 against bacteria-induced tissue damage and potentially promote the restoration of microenvironment with biophysical features unfavorable for bacterial growth and spreading. These data justify the further work on employment of CSA-13 in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Collapse
|
13
|
Reduced urothelial expression of uroplakin-IIIa in cystitis areas in bladders of postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections: pilot study. World J Urol 2022; 40:1723-1730. [PMID: 35665841 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-04050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study human bladder biopsies to investigate urothelial response to UTI, expression of uroplakin, and urothelial response after healing from cystoscopy with electrofulguration (CEF) treatment for antibiotic-recalcitrant RUTI. METHODS Following IRB approval, cold cup bladder biopsies from "no cystitis" and "cystitis" regions were obtained from women with antibiotic-recalcitrant rUTI undergoing CEF under anesthesia. "No cystitis" and "cystitis" biopsies from 14 patients (5 had prior CEF, 9 naïve) were analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) confocal microscopy using antibodies against uroplakin-IIIa. For an additional 6 patients (2 prior CEF, 4 naïve), only "cystitis" area biopsies were taken and analyzed. Cytokeratin 5 (marker for squamous metaplasia) staining was performed on 14 patients. RESULTS In healthy tissue, uroplakin-IIIa staining was observed as a contiguous line on the luminal surface of umbrella cells. In "cystitis" areas for 19/20 patients, there was either no uroplakin-IIIa staining observed or spotty (+) staining. The "cystitis" regions of all patients had less intense uroplakin-IIIa staining compared to the matched "no cystitis" area in the same patient. In patients post-CEF but requiring repeat EF for persistent RUTI lesions, healed areas served as control and in 3 of 7 patients no uroplakin-IIIa staining was observed. Squamous metaplasia was observed in 10 patients. CONCLUSION In bladders of postmenopausal women with antibiotic-recalcitrant RUTI, areas with visible cystitis expressed less uroplakin-IIIa, supporting the model of urothelial exfoliation in response to UTI.
Collapse
|
14
|
Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial‐resistant Escherichia coli in dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07311. [PMID: 35582363 PMCID: PMC9087955 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats in previous scientific opinions. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9 and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR E. coli can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (33–66% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Categories A, B, C and D; 0–5%, 5–10%, 10–33% and 10–33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel was uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Section 5 (Category E, 33–66% probability of meeting the criteria). The animal species to be listed for AMR E. coli according to Article 8 criteria include mammals, birds, reptiles and fish.
Collapse
|
15
|
A Biomimetic Porcine Urothelial Model for Assessing Escherichia coli Pathogenicity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040783. [PMID: 35456833 PMCID: PMC9029248 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections can be severe, sometimes fatal, diseases whose etiological pathogens are predominantly uropathogenic strains of E. coli (UPEC). To investigate the UPEC pathogenesis, several models have already been established with minor or major disadvantages. The aim was to develop a simple, fast, and inexpensive biomimetic in vitro model based on normal porcine urothelial (NPU) cells that are genetically and physiologically similar to human bladder urothelium and to perform basic studies of E. coli pathogenicity. Initially, the model was tested using a set of control E. coli strains and, subsequently, with human E. coli strains isolated either from patients with urinary infections or from the feces of healthy individuals. A drop in viability of NPU cells was used as a measure of the pathogenicity of the individual strain tested. To visualize the subcellular events, transmission and scanning electron microscopy was performed. The strains were tested for the presence of different virulence-associated genes, phylogroup, type of core lipid, O-serotype, and type of lipopolysaccharide and a statistical analysis of possible correlations between strains’ characteristics and the effect on the model was performed. Results showed that our model has the discriminatory power to distinguish pathogenic from non-pathogenic E. coli strains, and to identify new, potentially pathogenic strains.
Collapse
|
16
|
Montalbetti N, Dalghi MG, Bastacky SI, Clayton DR, Ruiz WG, Apodaca G, Carattino MD. Bladder infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli increases the excitability of afferent neurons. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F1-F13. [PMID: 34779263 PMCID: PMC8698541 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00167.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause bladder hyperactivity and pelvic pain, but the underlying causes of these symptoms remain unknown. We investigated whether afferent sensitization contributes to the bladder overactivity and pain observed in mice suffering from experimentally induced bacterial cystitis. Inoculation of mouse bladders with the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain UTI89 caused pelvic allodynia, increased voiding frequency, and prompted an acute inflammatory process marked by leukocytic infiltration and edema of the mucosa. Compared with controls, isolated bladder sensory neurons from UTI-treated mice exhibited a depolarized resting membrane potential, lower action potential threshold and rheobase, and increased firing in response to suprathreshold stimulation. To determine whether bacterial virulence factors can contribute to the sensitization of bladder afferents, neurons isolated from naïve mice were incubated with supernatants collected from bacterial cultures with or depleted of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Supernatants containing LPS prompted the sensitization of bladder sensory neurons with both tetrodotoxin (TTX)-resistant and TTX-sensitive action potentials. However, bladder sensory neurons with TTX-sensitive action potentials were not affected by bacterial supernatants depleted of LPS. Unexpectedly, ultrapure LPS increased the excitability only of bladder sensory neurons with TTX-resistant action potentials, but the supplementation of supernatants depleted of LPS with ultrapure LPS resulted in the sensitization of both population of bladder sensory neurons. In summary, the results of our study indicate that multiple virulence factors released from UTI89 act on bladder sensory neurons to prompt their sensitization. These sensitized bladder sensory neurons mediate, at least in part, the bladder hyperactivity and pelvic pain seen in mice inoculated with UTI89.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Urinary tract infection (UTI) produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) promotes sensitization of bladder afferent sensory neurons with tetrodotoxin-resistant and tetrodotoxin-sensitive action potentials. Lipopolysaccharide and other virulence factors produced by UPEC contribute to the sensitization of bladder afferents in UTI. In conclusion, sensitized afferents contribute to the voiding symptoms and pelvic pain present in mice bladder inoculated with UPEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Montalbetti
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marianela G Dalghi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheldon I Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dennis R Clayton
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wily G Ruiz
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qasemi A, Rahimi F, Katouli M. Genetic diversity and virulence characteristics of biofilm-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:297-307. [PMID: 34705131 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains exhibit different levels of biofilm formation that help adhesion of the bacteria to uroepithelial cells. We investigated the genetic diversity and virulence-associated genes (VAGs) of biofilm-producing UPEC. A collection of 107 biofilm-producing (BFP) UPEC strains isolated from patients with UTI in Iran were divided into three groups of strong, moderate, and weak BFPs after a quantitative microtiter plate assay, and the involvement of curli and cellulose in adhesion of the strains to T24 cell line was confirmed by the construction of csgD and yedQ mutants of two representative UPEC strains. BFP strains were tested for their genetic diversity, phylogenetic groups, and the presence of 15 VAGs. A significant decrease in adhesion of csgD and yedQ mutant strains confirmed the role of biofilm production in adhesion to uroepithelial cells. A high diversity was found among all three groups of strong (Di = 0.998), moderate (Di = 0.998), and weak (Di = 0.988) BFPs with majority of the strains belonging to phylogroups B2 (44.9%) and A (24.3%). Strong BFP strains carried significantly higher level papEF, hlyA, and iutA than other BFP groups. In contrast, the presence of fimH, focG, sfaS, set-1, and cvaC was more pronounced among weak BFP strains. There exists a high genetic diversity among the BFP strains with different VGA profiles. However, the high prevalence of phylogroup A among BFP strains suggests the fitness of commensal E. coli strains to cause UTI in this country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Qasemi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezarjarib St., Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fateh Rahimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezarjarib St., Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Katouli
- Genecology Research Center, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia.,School of Science, Technology and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Flagella, Type I Fimbriae and Curli of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Promote the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines in a Coculture System. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112233. [PMID: 34835359 PMCID: PMC8624364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a public health problem in Mexico, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is one of the main etiological agents. Flagella, type I fimbriae, and curli promote the ability of these bacteria to successfully colonize its host. Aim. This study aimed to determine whether flagella-, type I fimbriae-, and curli-expressing UPEC induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines in an established coculture system. Methods. The fliC, fimH, and csgA genes by UPEC strain were disrupted by allelic replacement. Flagella, type I fimbriae, and curli were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HTB-5 (upper chamber) and HMC-1 (lower chamber) cells cocultured in Transwell® plates were infected with these UPEC strains and purified proteins. There was adherence to HTB-5 cells treated with different UPEC strains and they were quantified as colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. Results. High concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were induced by the FimH and FliC proteins; however, these cytokines were detected in low concentrations in presence of CsgA. Compared with UPEC CFT073, CFT073ΔfimH, CFT073ΔfimHΔfliC, and CFT073ΔcsgAΔfimH strains significantly reduced the adherence to HTB-5 cells. Conclusion. The FimH and FliC proteins are involved in IL-6 and IL-8 release in a coculture model of HTB-5 and HMC-1 cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sharma K, Thacker VV, Dhar N, Clapés Cabrer M, Dubois A, Signorino-Gelo F, Mullenders J, Knott GW, Clevers H, McKinney JD. Early invasion of the bladder wall by solitary bacteria protects UPEC from antibiotics and neutrophil swarms in an organoid model. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109351. [PMID: 34289360 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infections has been attributed to reactivation of quiescent intracellular reservoirs (QIRs) in deep layers of the bladder wall. QIRs are thought to arise late during infection following dispersal of bacteria from intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) in superficial umbrella cells. Here, we track the formation of QIR-like bacteria in a bladder organoid model that recapitulates the stratified uroepithelium within a volume suitable for high-resolution live-cell imaging. Bacteria injected into the organoid lumen enter umbrella-like cells and proliferate to form IBC-like bodies. In parallel, single bacteria penetrate deeper layers of the organoid wall, where they localize within or between uroepithelial cells. These "solitary" bacteria evade killing by antibiotics and neutrophils and are morphologically distinct from bacteria in IBCs. We conclude that bacteria with QIR-like properties may arise at early stages of infection, independent of IBC formation and rupture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vivek V Thacker
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Neeraj Dhar
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Clapés Cabrer
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anaëlle Dubois
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Signorino-Gelo
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Mullenders
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Graham W Knott
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - John D McKinney
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Othman MA, Ezzat HM, Rizk DEE, Kamal AH, Al-Mahameed AE, Marwani AM, Bindyna KM, Salvatore S. Induction of bacterial cystitis in female rabbits by uropathogenic Escherichia coli and the differences between the bladder dome and trigone. Ultrastruct Pathol 2021; 45:159-166. [PMID: 34030600 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2021.1920653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study is designed to evaluate the histological effects of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection in the urinary bladder of female rabbits and compare the differences between the dome and trigone. Bacterial cystitis was induced in 13 female rabbits by transurethral inoculation of UPEC into the urinary bladder. Eight animals served as controls. Urine samples were collected by catheterization and cultured for bacterial growth after 12 and 24 hours then every 48 hours. Infection was defined as ≥(1X105) colony-forming unit/ml of UPEC in the first two urine samples. Bladder dome and trigonal specimens were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy eight days after infection. There was a sustained increase in bacterial count, with urethral bleeding and rabbit weakness suggesting bladder colonization in the 10/13 study group (77%). Infection was not demonstrated in two animals and was spontaneously cleared in the third after 48 hours. No control animals developed an infection. In infected rabbits (n = 10), the dome showed inflammatory changes including the epithelial loss or thinning, inflammatory cell infiltration, and congested blood vessels compared to controls. The trigone showed a more pronounced inflammatory response than the dome. The presence of urinary bacterial growth, infection manifestations, and inflammatory changes that were more severe in the trigone than in the dome indicate successful bacterial inoculation and induction of cystitis. This animal model can be used for clinical trials on female cystitis. Our histological findings support a possible role of trigone in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Othman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Hicham M Ezzat
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Diaa E E Rizk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Amer H Kamal
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ali E Al-Mahameed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ammar M Marwani
- Animal Facility Laboratory Manager, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Khalid M Bindyna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Stefano Salvatore
- Urogynecology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sex Differences in Population Dynamics during Formation of Kidney Bacterial Communities by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00716-20. [PMID: 33468577 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00716-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the primary etiologic agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs), encounters a restrictive population bottleneck within the female mammalian bladder. Its genetic diversity is restricted during establishment of cystitis because successful UPEC must invade superficial bladder epithelial cells prior to forming clonal intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs). In this study, we aimed to understand UPEC population dynamics during ascending pyelonephritis, namely, formation of kidney bacterial communities (KBCs) in the renal tubular lumen and nucleation of renal abscesses. We inoculated the bladders of both male and female C3H/HeN mice, a background which features vesicoureteral reflux; we have previously shown that in this model, males develop severe, high-titer pyelonephritis and renal abscesses much more frequently than females. Mice were infected with 40 isogenic, PCR-tagged ("barcoded") UPEC strains, and tags remaining in bladder and kidneys were ascertained at intervals following infection. In contrast to females, males maintained a majority of strains within both the bladder and kidneys throughout the course of infection, indicating only a modest host-imposed bottleneck on overall population diversity during successful renal infection. Moreover, the diverse population in the infected male kidneys obscured any restrictive bottleneck in the male bladder. Finally, using RNA in situ hybridization following mixed infections with isogenic UPEC bearing distinct markers, we found that despite their extracellular location (in the urinary space), KBCs are clonal in origin. This finding indicates that even with bulk reflux of infected bladder urine into the renal pelvis, successful ascension of UPEC to establish the tubular niche is an uncommon event.
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Liu Y, Gao Z, Zhang L, Chen L, Wu Z, Liu Q, Wang S, Zhou N, Chai TC, Shi B. Single-cell transcriptomes of mouse bladder urothelium uncover novel cell type markers and urothelial differentiation characteristics. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13007. [PMID: 33538002 PMCID: PMC8016651 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Much of the information to date in terms of subtypes and function of bladder urothelial cells were derived from anatomical location or by the expression of a small number of marker genes. To have a comprehensive map of the cellular anatomy of bladder urothelial cells, we performed single‐cell RNA sequencing to thoroughly characterize mouse bladder urothelium. Materials and methods A total of 18,917 single cells from mouse bladder urothelium were analysed by unbiased single‐cell RNA sequencing. The expression of the novel cell marker was confirmed by immunofluorescence using urinary tract infection models. Results Unsupervised clustering analysis identified 8 transcriptionally distinct cell subpopulations from mouse bladder urothelial cells. We discovered a novel type of bladder urothelial cells marked by Plxna4 that may be involved with host response and wound healing. We also found a group of basal‐like cells labelled by ASPM that could be the progenitor cells of adult bladder urothelium. ASPM+ urothelial cells are significantly increased after injury by UPEC. In addition, specific transcription factors were found to be associated with urothelial cell differentiation. At the last, a number of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome–regulating genes were found differentially expressed among different urothelial cell subpopulations. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of bladder urothelial cells, which is fundamental to understanding the biology of bladder urothelium and associated bladder disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yaxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengdong Gao
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Lekai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Zonglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Qinggang Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Toby C Chai
- Department of Urology, Boston University/Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
McLellan LK, McAllaster MR, Kim AS, Tóthová Ľ, Olson PD, Pinkner JS, Daugherty AL, Hreha TN, Janetka JW, Fremont DH, Hultgren SJ, Virgin HW, Hunstad DA. A host receptor enables type 1 pilus-mediated pathogenesis of Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009314. [PMID: 33513212 PMCID: PMC7875428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 pili have long been considered the major virulence factor enabling colonization of the urinary bladder by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The molecular pathogenesis of pyelonephritis is less well characterized, due to previous limitations in preclinical modeling of kidney infection. Here, we demonstrate in a recently developed mouse model that beyond bladder infection, type 1 pili also are critical for establishment of ascending pyelonephritis. Bacterial mutants lacking the type 1 pilus adhesin (FimH) were unable to establish kidney infection in male C3H/HeN mice. We developed an in vitro model of FimH-dependent UPEC binding to renal collecting duct cells, and performed a CRISPR screen in these cells, identifying desmoglein-2 as a primary renal epithelial receptor for FimH. The mannosylated extracellular domain of human DSG2 bound directly to the lectin domain of FimH in vitro, and introduction of a mutation in the FimH mannose-binding pocket abolished binding to DSG2. In infected C3H/HeN mice, type 1-piliated UPEC and Dsg2 were co-localized within collecting ducts, and administration of mannoside FIM1033, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of FimH, significantly attenuated bacterial loads in pyelonephritis. Our results broaden the biological importance of FimH, specify the first renal FimH receptor, and indicate that FimH-targeted therapeutics will also have application in pyelonephritis. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. While much has been discovered about how E. coli cause bladder infections, less is known about the host-pathogen interactions that underlie kidney infection (pyelonephritis). We employed recently developed mouse models to show that bacterial surface fibers called type 1 pili, which bear the adhesive protein FimH and are known to mediate E. coli binding to bladder epithelium, are also required for ascending kidney infection. We developed a cell-culture model of bacterial binding to renal collecting duct, then performed a screen using the gene-editing tool CRISPR to identify the first known FimH receptor in the kidney. This epithelial cell-surface protein, desmoglein-2, was shown to directly bind FimH, and we localized this binding to specific extracellular domains of DSG2. Further, we showed that mannosides, small-molecule FimH inhibitors currently in development to treat bladder infection, are also effective in experimental kidney infection. Our study reveals a novel host-pathogen interaction during pyelonephritis and demonstrates how this interaction may be therapeutically targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. McLellan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael R. McAllaster
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Arthur S. Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Patrick D. Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jerome S. Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Allyssa L. Daugherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Teri N. Hreha
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David A. Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
O'Brien VP, Joens MS, Lewis AL, Gilbert NM. Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 33346201 DOI: 10.3791/61967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are common and costly. Previous articles describing models of UTI in male and female mice have illustrated the procedures for bacterial inoculation and enumeration in urine and tissues. During an initial bladder infection in C57BL/6 mice, UPEC establish latent reservoirs inside bladder epithelial cells that persist following clearance of UPEC bacteriuria. This model builds on these studies to examine rUTI caused by the emergence of UPEC from within latent bladder reservoirs. The urogenital bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis is used as the trigger of rUTI in this model because it is frequently present in the urogenital tracts of women, especially in the context of vaginal dysbiosis that has been associated with UTI. In addition, a method for in situ bladder fixation followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of bladder tissue is also described, with potential application to other studies involving the bladder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie P O'Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Matthew S Joens
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; TESCAN USA, Inc
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; University of California San Diego
| | - Nicole M Gilbert
- Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang P, Wang J, Xie Z, Zhou J, Lu Q, Zhao Y, Dong C, Zou L. Depletion of multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli BC1 by ebselen and silver ion. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13139-13150. [PMID: 32975381 PMCID: PMC7701569 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebselen, an organo‐selenium compound with well‐characterized toxicology and pharmacology, recently exhibited potent antibacterial activity against glutathione (GSH)‐negative bacteria by disrupting redox homeostasis. In this paper, we show that ebselen and silver ion in combination exert strong bactericidal activity against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) BC1, a model MDR GSH‐positive bacterium. The mechanisms were found to involve consumption of total intracellular GSH and inhibition of thioredoxin reductase activity, which was highly related to reactive oxygen species up‐regulation. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of ebselen and silver ion against UPEC‐induced cystitis was assessed in a mouse model. Treatment with ebselen and silver ion significantly reduced bacterial loads, down‐regulated the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) on‐site and decreased white/red blood cell counts in mild cystitis model mice, which demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory property of these agents. In addition, ebselen and silver ion also exhibited significantly high protective ability (100%) against acute cystitis infections. These results together may lay the foundation for further analysis and development of ebselen and silver ion as antibacterial agents for treatment of MDR UPEC infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.,The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.,Central Laboratory, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.,Central Laboratory, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Zonglan Xie
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.,Central Laboratory, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Qianqian Lu
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.,Central Laboratory, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuanjiang Dong
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Zou
- The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.,The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.,Central Laboratory, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hreha TN, Collins CA, Daugherty AL, Griffith JM, Hruska KA, Hunstad DA. Androgen-Influenced Polarization of Activin A-Producing Macrophages Accompanies Post-pyelonephritic Renal Scarring. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1641. [PMID: 32849562 PMCID: PMC7399094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascending bacterial pyelonephritis, a form of urinary tract infection (UTI) that can result in hospitalization, sepsis, and other complications, occurs in ~250,000 US patients annually; uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cause a large majority of these infections. Although UTIs are primarily a disease of women, acute pyelonephritis in males is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, including renal scarring, and end-stage renal disease. Preclinical models of UTI have only recently allowed investigation of sex and sex-hormone effects on pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated that renal scarring after experimental UPEC pyelonephritis is augmented by androgen exposure; testosterone exposure increases both the severity of pyelonephritis and the degree of renal scarring in both male and female mice. Activin A is an important driver of scarring in non-infectious renal injury, as well as a mediator of macrophage polarization. In this work, we investigated how androgen exposure influences immune cell recruitment to the UPEC-infected kidney and how cell-specific activin A production affects post-pyelonephritic scar formation. Compared with vehicle-treated females, androgenized mice exhibited reduced bacterial clearance from the kidney, despite robust myeloid cell recruitment that continued to increase as infection progressed. Infected kidneys from androgenized mice harbored more alternatively activated (M2) macrophages than vehicle-treated mice, reflecting an earlier shift from a pro-inflammatory (M1) phenotype. Androgen exposure also led to a sharp increase in activin A-producing myeloid cells in the infected kidney, as well as decreased levels of follistatin (which normally antagonizes activin action). As a result, infection in androgenized mice featured prolonged polarization of macrophages toward a pro-fibrotic M2a phenotype, accompanied by an increase in M2a-associated cytokines. These data indicate that androgen enhancement of UTI severity and resulting scar formation is related to augmented local activin A production and corresponding promotion of M2a macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teri N Hreha
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christina A Collins
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Allyssa L Daugherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jessie M Griffith
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Keith A Hruska
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David A Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhu K, Hill WG, Li F, Shi B, Chai TC. Early Increased Urinary IL-2 and IL-10 Levels Were Associated With Development of Chronic UTI in a Murine Model. Urology 2020; 141:188.e1-188.e6. [PMID: 32201154 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze factors during early stage of urinary tract infection (UTI) that are associated with development of chronic UTI. METHODS Mice were inoculated with Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) 2 times 24 hours apart. At 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days post infection (dpi), urine bacterial loads and voiding behavior (voiding spot assay, VSA) were measured. At 1 and 28 dpi, 32 urine inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bladder and kidney cytokines/chemokines were measured on 28 dpi. Mice that had no more than 1 episode of urine bacterial load < 104 colony forming unit/ml during the entire 4 weeks were defined as susceptible to chronic UTI, otherwise, mice were considered resistant. RESULTS At 28 dpi, 64.3% mice developed chronic UTI (susceptible group) and 35.7% mice did not (resistant group). Factors at 1 dpi that were predictive of chronic UTI included increased urine IL-2 (OR 11.9, 95%CI 1.1-130.8, P = .043) and increased urine IL-10 (OR 14.0, 95%CI 1.0-201.2, P = .052). At 28 dpi, there were several significant differences between the susceptible vs resistant groups including urine/tissue bacterial loads and certain urine/tissue cytokines/chemokines. CONCLUSIONS Higher urine IL-2 and IL-10 at 1 dpi predicted chronic UTI infection in this model. There have been recent publications associating both of these cytokines to UTI susceptibility. Further explorations into IL-2 and IL-10 mediated pathways could shed light on the biology of recurrent and chronic UTI which are difficult to treat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Warren G Hill
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Fangyong Li
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Toby C Chai
- Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hreha TN, Collins CA, Daugherty AL, Twentyman J, Paluri N, Hunstad DA. TGFβ1 orchestrates renal fibrosis following Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14401. [PMID: 32227630 PMCID: PMC7104652 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal scarring after pyelonephritis is linked to long-term health risks for hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Androgen exposure increases susceptibility to, and severity of, uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) pyelonephritis and resultant scarring in both male and female mice, while anti-androgen therapy is protective against severe urinary tract infection (UTI) in these models. This work employed androgenized female C57BL/6 mice to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of post-infectious renal fibrosis and to determine how these pathways are altered by the presence of androgens. We found that elevated circulating testosterone levels primed the kidney for fibrosis by increasing local production of TGFβ1 before the initiation of UTI, altering the ratio of transcription factors Smad2 and Smad3 and increasing the presence of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells and Gli1 + activated myofibroblasts, the cells primarily responsible for deposition of scar components. Increased production of TGFβ1 and aberrations in Smad2:Smad3 were maintained throughout the course of infection in the presence of androgen, correlating with renal scarring that was not observed in non-androgenized female mice. Pharmacologic inhibition of TGFβ1 signaling blunted myofibroblast activation. We conclude that renal fibrosis after pyelonephritis is exacerbated by the presence of androgens and involves activation of the TGFβ1 signaling cascade, leading to increases in cortical populations of MSC-like cells and the Gli1 + activated myofibroblasts that are responsible for scarring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teri N. Hreha
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | - Joy Twentyman
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Present address:
Department of Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Nitin Paluri
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - David A. Hunstad
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Flores-Mireles A, Hreha TN, Hunstad DA. Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2020; 25:228-240. [PMID: 31548790 DOI: 10.1310/sci2503-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common microbial infections in humans and represent a substantial burden on the health care system. UTIs can be uncomplicated, as when affecting healthy individuals, or complicated, when affecting individuals with compromised urodynamics and/or host defenses, such as those with a urinary catheter. There are clear differences between uncomplicated UTI and catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI) in clinical manifestations, causative organisms, and pathophysiology. Therefore, uncomplicated UTI and CAUTI cannot be approached similarly, or the risk of complications and treatment failure may increase. It is imperative to understand the key aspects of each condition to develop successful treatment options and improve patient outcomes. Here, we will review the epidemiology, pathogen prevalence, differential mechanisms used by uropathogens, and treatment and prevention of uncomplicated UTI and CAUTI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Teri N Hreha
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - David A Hunstad
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Konreddy AK, Rani GU, Lee K, Choi Y. Recent Drug-Repurposing-Driven Advances in the Discovery of Novel Antibiotics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5363-5388. [PMID: 29984648 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180706101404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a safe and successful pathway to speed up the novel drug discovery and development processes compared with de novo drug discovery approaches. Drug repurposing uses FDA-approved drugs and drugs that failed in clinical trials, which have detailed information on potential toxicity, formulation, and pharmacology. Technical advancements in the informatics, genomics, and biological sciences account for the major success of drug repurposing in identifying secondary indications of existing drugs. Drug repurposing is playing a vital role in filling the gap in the discovery of potential antibiotics. Bacterial infections emerged as an ever-increasing global public health threat by dint of multidrug resistance to existing drugs. This raises the urgent need of development of new antibiotics that can effectively fight multidrug-resistant bacterial infections (MDRBIs). The present review describes the key role of drug repurposing in the development of antibiotics during 2016-2017 and of the details of recently FDA-approved antibiotics, pipeline antibiotics, and antibacterial properties of various FDA-approved drugs of anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-hyperlipidemia, antiinflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-parasitic, anti-viral, genetic disorder, immune modulator, etc. Further, in view of combination therapies with the existing antibiotics, their potential for new implications for MDRBIs is discussed. The current review may provide essential data for the development of quick, safe, effective, and novel antibiotics for current needs and suggest acuity in its effective implications for inhibiting MDRBIs by repurposing existing drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Kumar Konreddy
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136- 713, South Korea
| | - Grandhe Usha Rani
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 410-820, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 410-820, South Korea
| | - Yongseok Choi
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136- 713, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Effect of Xueniao Capsule on Escherichia coli-Induced Acute Pyelonephritis Rats by 1H NMR-Based Metabolomic Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6723956. [PMID: 31565063 PMCID: PMC6745139 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6723956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Xueniao capsule, one of the famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas, has been proved to be effective for treating acute pyelonephritis (APN) in the clinic. However, the probable mechanisms are still unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect and action mechanism of Xueniao capsule on acute pyelonephritis rats. Chemical analysis of Xueniao capsule and four different extracts was conducted by HPLC and GC-MS. 21 compounds were identified in the Xueniao capsule, and obvious chemical difference was also revealed among the different extracts by chemical analysis. Metabolomics, combined with bacteriological examination, traditional histopathology, and biochemical parameters, was used to evaluate the effects of Xueniao capsule and four different extracts. After treatment with Xueniao capsule, the bacterial count of urine was decreased and the renal lesions of APN rats were ameliorated by histopathology inspection. Levels of Scr and Ucr, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, CXCL-2, and MCP-1 were decreased significantly, and the reserving effect of Xueniao capsule was superior to the different extracts and norfloxacin. 16 endogenous metabolites related to APN model were revealed, and 12 of them could be reversed by the Xueniao capsule. 1H NMR metabolomic results demonstrated that the formula of Xueniao capsule played the best therapeutic role on APN through regulating energy metabolism and alterations of osmotic pressure. The effect of Xueniao capsule on the APN was the synergistic actions of multiple components, which need to be further investigated in future studies.
Collapse
|
32
|
Luna-Pineda VM, Moreno-Fierros L, Cázares-Domínguez V, Ilhuicatzi-Alvarado D, Ochoa SA, Cruz-Córdova A, Valencia-Mayoral P, Rodríguez-Leviz A, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. Curli of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Enhance Urinary Tract Colonization as a Fitness Factor. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2063. [PMID: 31551993 PMCID: PMC6733918 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Curli, a type of fimbriae widely distributed in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), are involved in adhesion to human bladder cell surfaces and biofilm development. The role of UPEC curli was evaluated in a murine model of urinary tract infection. The aim of this study was to establish the role of curli in C57BL/6 mice transurethrally infected with curli-producing and non-curli-producing UPEC strains. We confirmed that curli enhanced UPEC colonization in the urinary tract, resulting in damage to both the bladder and kidney. Intranasal immunization with recombinant CsgA protein protected against colonization by curli-producing UPEC in the urinary tract. Quantification of cytokines from urinary tract organs showed increases in interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release in the kidneys 48 h postinfection with curli-producing UPEC. By contrast, mice infected with non-curli-producing UPEC showed the highest release of interleukin-6, -10, and -17A and TNF. Curli may obscure other fimbriae and LPS, preventing interactions with Toll-like receptors. When intranasal immunization with recombinant FimH and PapG proteins and subsequent infection with this strain were performed, cytokine quantification showed a decrease in the stimulation and release by the uroepithelium. Thus, curli are amyloid-like fimbriae that enhances colonization in the urinary tract and a possible fitness factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Luna-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Moreno-Fierros
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Vicenta Cázares-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Damaris Ilhuicatzi-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Valencia-Mayoral
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang H, Li Q, Wang C, Wang J, Lv J, Wang L, Zhang ZS, Yao Z, Wang Q. Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 Downregulates CD36 Transcription in Macrophages to Induce Inflammation During Acute Urinary Tract Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1987. [PMID: 30233583 PMCID: PMC6128224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) induce cystitis, pyelonephritis, and can cause kidney scarring and failure if inflammation is not under control. The detailed effects of cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), the key UPEC toxin, on the pathogenicity of UPEC remain unclear. CD36 is an important scavenger receptor, responsible for pathogen and apoptotic cell clearance, and plays an essential role in host immune defense and homeostasis. Regulation of CD36 by bacterial toxins has not been reported. In this study, using a pyelonephritis mouse model, CNF1 was observed to contribute to increasing neutrophils and bacterial titers in infected bladder and kidney tissues, resulting in severe inflammation and tissue damage. CD36 expression in macrophages was found to be decreased by CNF1 in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that CNF1 attenuated CD36 transcription by decreasing expressions of its upstream transcription factors LXRβ and C/EBPα and their recruitment to the CD36 promotor. In addition, Cdc42 was found to be involved in CNF1-mediated downregulation of LXRβ. Our study investigated the pathogenesis of cnf1-carrying UPEC, which affected host innate immune defenses and homeostasis through regulation of CD36 in macrophages during acute UTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junqiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Olson PD, McLellan LK, Hreha TN, Liu A, Briden KE, Hruska KA, Hunstad DA. Androgen exposure potentiates formation of intratubular communities and renal abscesses by Escherichia coli. Kidney Int 2018; 94:502-513. [PMID: 30041870 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Females across their lifespan and certain male populations are susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTI). The influence of female vs. male sex on UTI is incompletely understood, in part because preclinical modeling has been performed almost exclusively in female mice. Here, we employed established and new mouse models of UTI with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) to investigate androgen influence on UTI pathogenesis. Susceptibility to UPEC UTI in both male and female hosts was potentiated with 5α-dihydrotestosterone, while males with androgen receptor deficiency and androgenized females treated with the androgen receptor antagonist enzalutamide were protected from severe pyelonephritis. In androgenized females and in males, UPEC formed dense intratubular, biofilm-like communities, some of which were sheltered from infiltrating leukocytes by the tubular epithelium and by peritubular fibrosis. Abscesses were nucleated by small intratubular collections of UPEC first visualized at five days postinfection and briskly expanded over the subsequent 24 hours. Male mice deficient in Toll-like receptor 4, which fail to contain UPEC within abscesses, were susceptible to lethal dissemination. Thus, androgen receptor activation imparts susceptibility to severe upper-tract UTI in both female and male murine hosts. Visualization of intratubular UPEC communities illuminates early renal abscess pathogenesis and the role of abscess formation in preventing dissemination of infection. Additionally, our study suggests that androgen modulation may represent a novel therapeutic route to combat recalcitrant or recurrent UTI in a range of patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Olson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lisa K McLellan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Teri N Hreha
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alice Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelleigh E Briden
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Keith A Hruska
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David A Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Olson PD, McLellan LK, Liu A, Briden KE, Tiemann KM, Daugherty AL, Hruska KA, Hunstad DA. Renal scar formation and kidney function following antibiotic-treated murine pyelonephritis. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:1371-1379. [PMID: 28882930 PMCID: PMC5719254 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new preclinical model to study treatment, resolution and sequelae of severe ascending pyelonephritis. Urinary tract infection (UTI), primarily caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), is a common disease in children. Severe pyelonephritis is the primary cause of acquired renal scarring in childhood, which may eventually lead to hypertension and chronic kidney disease in a small but important fraction of patients. Preclinical modeling of UTI utilizes almost exclusively females, which (in most mouse strains) exhibit inherent resistance to severe ascending kidney infection; consequently, no existing preclinical model has assessed the consequences of recovery from pyelonephritis following antibiotic treatment. We recently published a novel mini-surgical bladder inoculation technique, with which male C3H/HeN mice develop robust ascending pyelonephritis, highly prevalent renal abscesses and evidence of fibrosis. Here, we devised and optimized an antibiotic treatment strategy within this male model to more closely reflect the clinical course of pyelonephritis. A 5-day ceftriaxone regimen initiated at the onset of abscess development achieved resolution of bladder and kidney infection. A minority of treated mice displayed persistent histological abscess at the end of treatment, despite microbiological cure of pyelonephritis; a matching fraction of mice 1 month later exhibited renal scars featuring fibrosis and ongoing inflammatory infiltrates. Successful antibiotic treatment preserved renal function in almost all infected mice, as assessed by biochemical markers 1 and 5 months post-treatment; hydronephrosis was observed as a late effect of treated pyelonephritis. An occasional mouse developed chronic kidney disease, generally reflecting the incidence of this late sequela in humans. In total, this model offers a platform to study the molecular pathogenesis of pyelonephritis, response to antibiotic therapy and emergence of sequelae, including fibrosis and renal scarring. Future studies in this system may inform adjunctive therapies that may reduce the long-term complications of this very common bacterial infection. Summary: A new model of antibiotic-treated severe pyelonephritis offers a novel platform to study the molecular pathogenesis of pyelonephritis, response to antibiotic therapy, and sequelae, including fibrosis and renal scarring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Olson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lisa K McLellan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alice Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kelleigh E Briden
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kristin M Tiemann
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Allyssa L Daugherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Keith A Hruska
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David A Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA .,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Luna-Pineda VM, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Cruz-Córdova A, Saldaña-Ahuactzi Z, Ochoa SA, Maldonado-Bernal C, Cázares-Domínguez V, Moreno-Fierros L, Arellano-Galindo J, Hernández-Castro R, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. Dimeric and Trimeric Fusion Proteins Generated with Fimbrial Adhesins of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:135. [PMID: 27843814 PMCID: PMC5087080 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main etiologic agent. Fimbriae assembled on the bacterial surface are essential for adhesion to the urinary tract epithelium. In this study, the FimH, CsgA, and PapG adhesins were fused to generate biomolecules for use as potential target vaccines against UTIs. The fusion protein design was generated using bioinformatics tools, and template fusion gene sequences were synthesized by GenScript in the following order fimH-csgA-papG-fimH-csgA (fcpfc) linked to the nucleotide sequence encoding the [EAAAK]5 peptide. Monomeric (fimH, csgA, and papG), dimeric (fimH-csgA), and trimeric (fimH-csgA-papG) genes were cloned into the pLATE31 expression vector and generated products of 1040, 539, 1139, 1442, and 2444 bp, respectively. Fusion protein expression in BL21 E. coli was induced with 1 mM IPTG, and His-tagged proteins were purified under denaturing conditions and refolded by dialysis using C-buffer. Coomassie blue-stained SDS-PAGE gels and Western blot analysis revealed bands of 29.5, 11.9, 33.9, 44.9, and 82.1 kDa, corresponding to FimH, CsgA, PapG, FC, and FCP proteins, respectively. Mass spectrometry analysis by MALDI-TOF/TOF revealed specific peptides that confirmed the fusion protein structures. Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed the polydispersed state of the fusion proteins. FimH, CsgA, and PapG stimulated the release of 372–398 pg/mL IL-6; interestingly, FC and FCP stimulated the release of 464.79 pg/mL (p ≤ 0.018) and 521.24 pg/mL (p ≤ 0.002) IL-6, respectively. In addition, FC and FCP stimulated the release of 398.52 pg/mL (p ≤ 0.001) and 450.40 pg/mL (p ≤ 0.002) IL-8, respectively. High levels of IgA and IgG antibodies in human sera reacted against the fusion proteins, and under identical conditions, low levels of IgA and IgG antibodies were detected in human urine. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies generated against FimH, CsgA, PapG, FC, and FCP blocked the adhesion of E. coli strain CFT073 to HTB5 bladder cells. In conclusion, the FC and FCP proteins were highly stable, demonstrated antigenic properties, and induced cytokine release (IL-6 and IL-8); furthermore, antibodies generated against these proteins showed protection against bacterial adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Luna-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez"Ciudad de México, Mexico; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez" Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Zeus Saldaña-Ahuactzi
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez"Ciudad de México, Mexico; Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sara A Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez" Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carmen Maldonado-Bernal
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Dirección De Investigación Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Vicenta Cázares-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez" Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Moreno-Fierros
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez" Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González" Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez" Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
McLellan LK, Hunstad DA. Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Outlook. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:946-957. [PMID: 27692880 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical syndromes comprising urinary tract infection (UTI) continue to exert significant impact on millions of patients worldwide, most of whom are otherwise healthy women. Antibiotic therapy for acute cystitis does not prevent recurrences, which plague up to one fourth of women after an initial UTI. Rising antimicrobial resistance among uropathogenic bacteria further complicates therapeutic decisions, necessitating new approaches based on fundamental biological investigation. In this review, we highlight contemporary advances in the field of UTI pathogenesis and how these might inform both our clinical perspective and future scientific priorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K McLellan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Siderophore biosynthesis coordinately modulated the virulence-associated interactive metabolome of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and human urine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24099. [PMID: 27076285 PMCID: PMC4831015 DOI: 10.1038/srep24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) growth in women’s bladders during urinary tract infection (UTI) incurs substantial chemical exchange, termed the “interactive metabolome”, which primarily accounts for the metabolic costs (utilized metabolome) and metabolic donations (excreted metabolome) between UPEC and human urine. Here, we attempted to identify the individualized interactive metabolome between UPEC and human urine. We were able to distinguish UPEC from non-UPEC by employing a combination of metabolomics and genetics. Our results revealed that the interactive metabolome between UPEC and human urine was markedly different from that between non-UPEC and human urine, and that UPEC triggered much stronger perturbations in the interactive metabolome in human urine. Furthermore, siderophore biosynthesis coordinately modulated the individualized interactive metabolome, which we found to be a critical component of UPEC virulence. The individualized virulence-associated interactive metabolome contained 31 different metabolites and 17 central metabolic pathways that were annotated to host these different metabolites, including energetic metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut microbe metabolism. Changes in the activities of these pathways mechanistically pinpointed the virulent capability of siderophore biosynthesis. Together, our findings provide novel insights into UPEC virulence, and we propose that siderophores are potential targets for further discovery of drugs to treat UPEC-induced UTI.
Collapse
|