1
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Yan XY, Yao JP, Li YQ, Zhang W, Xi MH, Chen M, Li Y. Global trends in research on miRNA–microbiome interaction from 2011 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:974741. [PMID: 36110534 PMCID: PMC9468484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.974741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of research suggests that the microRNA (miRNA)–microbiome interaction plays an essential role in host health and diseases. This bibliometric analysis aimed to identify the status of global scientific output, research hotspots, and frontiers regarding the study of miRNA–microbiome interaction over the past decade. We retrieved miRNA–microbiome-related studies published from 2011 to 2021 from the Web of Science Core Collection database; the R package bibliometrix was used to analyze bibliometric indicators, and VOSviewer was used to visualize the field status, hotspots, and research trends of miRNA–microbiome interplay. In total, 590 articles and reviews were collected. A visual analysis of the results showed that significant increase in the number of publications over time. China produced the most papers, and the United States contributed the highest number of citations. Shanghai Jiaotong University and the University of California Davis were the most active institutions in the field. Most publications were published in the areas of biochemistry and molecular biology. Yu Aiming was the most prolific writer, as indicated by the h-index and m-index, and Liu Shirong was the most commonly co-cited author. A paper published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2017 had the highest number of citations. The keywords “expression” and “gut microbiota” appeared most frequently, and the top three groups of diseases that appeared among keywords were cancer (colorectal, et al.), inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), and neurological disorders (anxiety, Parkinson’s disease, et al.). This bibliometric study revealed that most studies have focused on miRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-155, and miR-146a), gut microbes (e.g., Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium, and Fusobacterium nucleatum), and gut bacteria metabolites (e.g., butyric acid), which have the potential to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases. We found that therapeutic strategies targeting the miRNA–microbiome axis focus on miRNA drugs produced in vitro; however, some studies suggest that in vivo fermentation can greatly increase the stability and reduce the degradation of miRNA. Therefore, this method is worthy of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yun Yan
- The Third Hospital/Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Peng Yao
- The Third Hospital/Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Li
- The Third Hospital/Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Academic Affairs Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Han Xi
- The Third Hospital/Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinical Medicine School, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- The Third Hospital/Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Li,
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2
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Zhao K, Mao Y, Li Y, Yang C, Wang K, Zhang J. The roles and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in pathological myocardial remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:952949. [PMID: 36093141 PMCID: PMC9458904 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.952949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological myocardial remodeling was still one of the leading causes of death worldwide with an unmet therapeutic need. A growing number of researchers have addressed the role of epigenome changes in cardiovascular diseases, paving the way for the clinical application of novel cardiovascular-related epigenetic targets in the future. In this review, we summarized the emerged advances of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, Histone posttranslational modification, Adenosine disodium triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeling, Non-coding RNA, and RNA modification, in pathological myocardial remodeling. Also, we provided an overview of the mechanisms that potentially involve the participation of these epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yukang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Kai Wang
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhang
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3
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Zebisch A, Sill H. How do non-coding RNAs impact treatment regimens currently being used in AML? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:331-333. [PMID: 35245428 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2049764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zebisch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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4
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Lei Y, Chen L, Liu J, Zhong Y, Deng L. The MicroRNA-Based Strategies to Combat Cancer Chemoresistance via Regulating Autophagy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841625. [PMID: 35211417 PMCID: PMC8861360 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance frequently occurs in cancer treatment, which results in chemotherapy failure and is one of the most leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Understanding the mechanism of chemoresistance and exploring strategies to overcome chemoresistance have become an urgent need. Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degraded process in cells. The dual roles of autophagy (pro-death or pro-survival) have been implicated in cancers and chemotherapy. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of small non-coding molecules that regulate autophagy at the post-transcriptional level in cancer cells. The association between miRNAs and autophagy in cancer chemoresistance has been emphasized. In this review, we focus on the dual roles of miRNA-mediated autophagy in facilitating or combating chemoresistance, aiming to shed lights on the potential role of miRNAs as targets to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Lei
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junshan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinqin Zhong
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Mir-21 Suppression Promotes Mouse Hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194983. [PMID: 34638467 PMCID: PMC8508272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent cancer of the liver with limited therapeutic options. MicroRNAs are a class of small molecules regulating a wide range of cellular processes that are important for cancer development. Among these microRNAs, miR-21 is strongly upregulated in almost all human cancers including HCC, and is considered as a strong driver of cancer development, suggesting that its pharmacological inhibition might represent a potential therapy. In this study, we show that deletion of miR-21 in genetically engineered mice promotes instead the development of HCC in several mouse models of this liver cancer. We further show that the lack of miR-21 is associated with increases in the expression of oncogenes such as Cdc25a, subtle deregulations of the MAPK, HiPPO, and STAT3 signaling pathways, as well as alterations of the inflammatory/immune anti-tumoral responses in the liver, which overtime contribute to enhanced tumorigenesis and progression toward malignancy. These results call for cautiousness when considering miR-21 inhibition for therapeutic purposes in HCC. Abstract The microRNA 21 (miR-21) is upregulated in almost all known human cancers and is considered a highly potent oncogene and potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In the liver, miR-21 was reported to promote hepatic steatosis and inflammation, but whether miR-21 also drives hepatocarcinogenesis remains poorly investigated in vivo. Here we show using both carcinogen (Diethylnitrosamine, DEN) or genetically (PTEN deficiency)-induced mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), total or hepatocyte-specific genetic deletion of this microRNA fosters HCC development—contrasting the expected oncogenic role of miR-21. Gene and protein expression analyses of mouse liver tissues further indicate that total or hepatocyte-specific miR-21 deficiency is associated with an increased expression of oncogenes such as Cdc25a, subtle deregulations of the MAPK, HiPPO, and STAT3 signaling pathways, as well as alterations of the inflammatory/immune anti-tumoral responses in the liver. Together, our data show that miR-21 deficiency promotes a pro-tumoral microenvironment, which over time fosters HCC development via pleiotropic and complex mechanisms. These results question the current dogma of miR-21 being a potent oncomiR in the liver and call for cautiousness when considering miR-21 inhibition for therapeutic purposes in HCC.
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6
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de Anda-Jáuregui G, Espinal-Enríquez J, Hernández-Lemus E. Highly connected, non-redundant microRNA functional control in breast cancer molecular subtypes. Interface Focus 2021; 11:20200073. [PMID: 34123357 PMCID: PMC8193465 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2020.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex, heterogeneous disease at the phenotypic and molecular level. In particular, the transcriptional regulatory programs are known to be significantly affected and such transcriptional alterations are able to capture some of the heterogeneity of the disease, leading to the emergence of breast cancer molecular subtypes. Recently, it has been found that network biology approaches to decipher such abnormal gene regulation programs, for instance by means of gene co-expression networks, have been able to recapitulate the differences between breast cancer subtypes providing elements to further understand their functional origins and consequences. Network biology approaches may be extended to include other co-expression patterns, like those found between genes and non-coding transcripts such as microRNAs (miRs). As is known, miRs play relevant roles in the establishment of normal and anomalous transcription processes. Commodore miRs (cdre-miRs) have been defined as miRs that, based on their connectivity and redundancy in co-expression networks, are potential control elements of biological functions. In this work, we reconstructed miR–gene co-expression networks for each breast cancer molecular subtype, from high throughput data in 424 samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas consortium. We identified cdre-miRs in three out of four molecular subtypes. We found that in each subtype, each cdre-miR was linked to a different set of associated genes, as well as a different set of associated biological functions. We used a systematic literature validation strategy, and identified that the associated biological functions to these cdre-miRs are hallmarks of cancer such as angiogenesis, cell adhesion, cell cycle and regulation of apoptosis. The relevance of such cdre-miRs as actionable molecular targets in breast cancer is still to be determined from functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo de Anda-Jáuregui
- Computational Genomics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACYT for Young Researchers, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico.,Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Espinal-Enríquez
- Computational Genomics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.,Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Fernández-Moreno R, Torre-Cisneros J, Cantisán S. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded microRNAs: potential biomarkers and clinical applications. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2194-2202. [PMID: 34039247 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1930757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HCMV-encoded microRNAs (hcmv-miRNAs) are non-coding and non-immunogenic molecules that target numerous cellular genes and allow the virus to modulate the host's signalling pathways, thus favouring viral survival and replication. Given their capacity to silence the human genes involved in various physiological processes, these hcmv-miRNAs have now emerged as a potential clinical biomarker in many human diseases. In this review, we summarize the evidence published on the diagnostic and prognostic value of hcmv-miRNAs in several human diseases and their clinical implications. Specifically, we discuss the role of hcmv-miRNAs in the development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer by silencing tumour suppressors. We also examine the current knowledge on the utility of some hcmv-miRNAs in predicting HCMV viraemia recurrence in transplant patients, as well as the interference of hcmv-miRNAs in the development of an appropriate immune response against other viral infections, which might have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernández-Moreno
- Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba (Imibic)/reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julián Torre-Cisneros
- Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba (Imibic)/reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofía Hospital, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sara Cantisán
- Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba (Imibic)/reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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8
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Vatansever S, Schlessinger A, Wacker D, Kaniskan HÜ, Jin J, Zhou M, Zhang B. Artificial intelligence and machine learning-aided drug discovery in central nervous system diseases: State-of-the-arts and future directions. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1427-1473. [PMID: 33295676 PMCID: PMC8043990 DOI: 10.1002/med.21764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders significantly outnumber diseases in other therapeutic areas. However, developing drugs for central nervous system (CNS) disorders remains the most challenging area in drug discovery, accompanied with the long timelines and high attrition rates. With the rapid growth of biomedical data enabled by advanced experimental technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as an indispensable tool to draw meaningful insights and improve decision making in drug discovery. Thanks to the advancements in AI and ML algorithms, now the AI/ML-driven solutions have an unprecedented potential to accelerate the process of CNS drug discovery with better success rate. In this review, we comprehensively summarize AI/ML-powered pharmaceutical discovery efforts and their implementations in the CNS area. After introducing the AI/ML models as well as the conceptualization and data preparation, we outline the applications of AI/ML technologies to several key procedures in drug discovery, including target identification, compound screening, hit/lead generation and optimization, drug response and synergy prediction, de novo drug design, and drug repurposing. We review the current state-of-the-art of AI/ML-guided CNS drug discovery, focusing on blood-brain barrier permeability prediction and implementation into therapeutic discovery for neurological diseases. Finally, we discuss the major challenges and limitations of current approaches and possible future directions that may provide resolutions to these difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezen Vatansever
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease ModelingIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic TechnologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics DiscoveryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Daniel Wacker
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics DiscoveryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - H. Ümit Kaniskan
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics DiscoveryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics DiscoveryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ming‐Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease ModelingIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic TechnologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Pharmacological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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9
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Adipocyte, Immune Cells, and miRNA Crosstalk: A Novel Regulator of Metabolic Dysfunction and Obesity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051004. [PMID: 33923175 PMCID: PMC8147115 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized as a complex and multifactorial excess accretion of adipose tissue (AT) accompanied with alterations in the immune response that affects virtually all age and socioeconomic groups around the globe. The abnormal accumulation of AT leads to several metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disorder (NAFLD), low-grade inflammation, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), and cancer. AT is an endocrine organ composed of adipocytes and immune cells, including B-Cells, T-cells and macrophages. These immune cells secrete various cytokines and chemokines and crosstalk with adipokines to maintain metabolic homeostasis and low-grade chronic inflammation. A novel form of adipokines, microRNA (miRs), is expressed in many developing peripheral tissues, including ATs, T-cells, and macrophages, and modulates the immune response. miRs are essential for insulin resistance, maintaining the tumor microenvironment, and obesity-associated inflammation (OAI). The abnormal regulation of AT, T-cells, and macrophage miRs may change the function of different organs including the pancreas, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. Since obesity and inflammation are closely associated, the dysregulated expression of miRs in inflammatory adipocytes, T-cells, and macrophages suggest the importance of miRs in OAI. Therefore, in this review article, we have elaborated the role of miRs as epigenetic regulators affecting adipocyte differentiation, immune response, AT browning, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance (IR), glucose homeostasis, obesity, and metabolic disorders. Further, we will discuss a set of altered miRs as novel biomarkers for metabolic disease progression and therapeutic targets for obesity.
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10
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Khan P, Siddiqui JA, Lakshmanan I, Ganti AK, Salgia R, Jain M, Batra SK, Nasser MW. RNA-based therapies: A cog in the wheel of lung cancer defense. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:54. [PMID: 33740988 PMCID: PMC7977189 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a heterogeneous disease consisting mainly of two subtypes, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite recent advances in therapies, the overall 5-year survival rate of LC remains less than 20%. The efficacy of current therapeutic approaches is compromised by inherent or acquired drug-resistance and severe off-target effects. Therefore, the identification and development of innovative and effective therapeutic approaches are critically desired for LC. The development of RNA-mediated gene inhibition technologies was a turning point in the field of RNA biology. The critical regulatory role of different RNAs in multiple cancer pathways makes them a rich source of targets and innovative tools for developing anticancer therapies. The identification of antisense sequences, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), anti-miRs, and mRNA-based platforms holds great promise in preclinical and early clinical evaluation against LC. In the last decade, RNA-based therapies have substantially expanded and tested in clinical trials for multiple malignancies, including LC. This article describes the current understanding of various aspects of RNA-based therapeutics, including modern platforms, modifications, and combinations with chemo-/immunotherapies that have translational potential for LC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Apar Kishor Ganti
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA-Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
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11
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Zebardast A, Tehrani SS, Latifi T, Sadeghi F. Critical review of Epstein-Barr virus microRNAs relation with EBV-associated gastric cancer. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6136-6153. [PMID: 33507558 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is regarded as the most prevalent malignant tumor triggered by EBV infection. In recent years, increasing attention has been considered to recognize more about the disease process's exact mechanisms. There is accumulating evidence that showing epigenetic modifications play critical roles in the EBVaGC pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as critical epigenetic modulators, are single-strand short noncoding RNA (length ~ <200 bp), which regulate gene expression through binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target RNA transcripts and either degrade or repress their activities. In the latest research on EBV, it was found that this virus could encode miRNAs. Mechanistically, EBV-encoded miRNAs are involved in carcinogenesis and the progression of EBV-associated malignancies. Moreover, these miRNAs implicated in immune evasion, identification of pattern recognition receptors, regulation of lymphocyte activation and lethality, modulation of infected host cell antigen, maintain of EBV infection status, promotion of cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and reduction of apoptosis. As good news, not only has recent data demonstrated the crucial function of EBV-encoded miRNAs in the pathogenesis of EBVaGC, but it has also been revealed that aberrant expression of exosomal miRNAs in EBVaGC has made them biomarkers for detection of EBVaGC. Regarding these substantial characterizes, the critical role of EBV-encoded miRNAs has been a hot topic in research. In this review, we will focus on the multiple mechanisms involved in EBVaGC caused by EBV-encoded miRNAs and briefly discuss their potential application in the clinic as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Zebardast
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadra S Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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12
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Duică F, Condrat CE, Dănila CA, Boboc AE, Radu MR, Xiao J, Li X, Creţoiu SM, Suciu N, Creţoiu D, Predescu DV. MiRNAs: A Powerful Tool in Deciphering Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:591181. [PMID: 33194751 PMCID: PMC7646292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence on the clinical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer prevention and control has revealed the emergence of new genetic techniques that have improved the understanding of the mechanisms essential for pathology induction and progression. Comprehension of the modifications and individual differences of miRNAs and their interactions in the pathogenesis of gynecological malignancies, together with an understanding of the phenotypic variations have considerably improved the management of the diagnosis and personalized treatment for different forms of cancer. In recent years, miRNAs have emerged as signaling molecules in biological pathways involved in different categories of cancer and it has been demonstrated that these molecules could regulate cancer-relevant processes, our focus being on malignancies of the gynecologic tract. The aim of this paper is to summarize novel research findings in the literature regarding the parts that miRNAs play in cancer-relevant processes, specifically regarding gynecological malignancy, while emphasizing their pivotal role in the disruption of cancer-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Duică
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Condrat
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cezara Alina Dănila
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Elena Boboc
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Raluca Radu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Sanda Maria Creţoiu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş Creţoiu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş-Valentin Predescu
- Department of General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Tang S, Jing H, Song F, Huang H, Li W, Xie G, Zhou J. MicroRNAs in the Spinal Microglia Serve Critical Roles in Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:132-142. [PMID: 32902792 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) can occur after peripheral nerve injury (PNI), and it can be converted into a maladaptive, detrimental phenotype that causes a long-term state of pain hypersensitivity. In the last decade, the discovery that dysfunctional microglia evoke pain, called "microgliopathic pain," has challenged traditional neuronal views of "pain" and has been extensively explored. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) can act as activators or inhibitors of spinal microglia in NP conditions. We first briefly review spinal microglial activation in NP. We then comprehensively describe miRNA expression changes and their potential mechanisms in the response of microglia to nerve injury. We summarize the roles of the following two representative miRNAs: miR-124, which reverses NP by keeping microglia quiescent, and miR-155, which promotes NP following microglial activation. Finally, we focused on the therapeutic potential of microglial miRNAs in NP. The findings we summarized may be essential tools for basic research and clinical treatment of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, 563100, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhu Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haicheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiling Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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14
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MicroRNAs as Guardians of the Prostate: Those Who Stand before Cancer. What Do We Really Know about the Role of microRNAs in Prostate Biology? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134796. [PMID: 32645914 PMCID: PMC7370012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths of men in the Western world. Despite recent advancement in genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics to understand prostate cancer biology and disease progression, castration resistant metastatic prostate cancer remains a major clinical challenge and often becomes incurable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), about 22-nucleotide-long non-coding RNAs, are a group of regulatory molecules that mainly work through post-transcriptional gene silencing via translational repression. Expression analysis studies have revealed that miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in cancers and have been recognized as regulators of prostate cancer progression. In this critical review, we provide an analysis of reported miRNA functions and conflicting studies as they relate to expression levels of specific miRNAs and prostate cancer progression; oncogenic and/or tumor suppressor roles; androgen receptor signaling; epithelial plasticity; and the current status of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review focuses on select miRNAs, highly expressed in normal and cancer tissue, to emphasize the current obstacles faced in utilizing miRNA data for significant impacts on prostate cancer therapeutics.
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15
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Coordinated AR and microRNA regulation in prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2020; 7:233-250. [PMID: 32742925 PMCID: PMC7385519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) remains a key driver of prostate cancer (PCa) progression, even in the advanced castrate-resistant stage, where testicular androgens are absent. It is therefore of critical importance to understand the molecular mechanisms governing its activity and regulation during prostate tumourigenesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small ∼22 nt non-coding RNAs that regulate target gene, often through association with 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of transcripts. They display dysregulation during cancer progression, can function as oncogenes or tumour suppressors, and are increasingly recognised as targets or regulators of hormonal action. Thus, understanding factors which modulate miRs synthesis is essential. There is increasing evidence for complex and dynamic bi-directional cross-talk between the multi-step miR biogenesis cascade and the AR signalling axis in PCa. This review summarises the wealth of mechanisms by which miRs are regulated by AR, and conversely, how miRs impact AR's transcriptional activity, including that of AR splice variants. In addition, we assess the implications of the convergence of these pathways on the clinical employment of miRs as PCa biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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16
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Abstract
Abdominal tumors (AT) in children account for approximately 17% of all pediatric solid tumor cases, and frequently exhibit embryonal histological features that differentiate them from adult cancers. Current molecular approaches have greatly improved the understanding of the distinctive pathology of each tumor type and enabled the characterization of novel tumor biomarkers. As seen in abdominal adult tumors, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly implicated in either the initiation or progression of childhood cancer. Moreover, besides predicting patient prognosis, they represent valuable diagnostic tools that may also assist the surveillance of tumor behavior and treatment response, as well as the identification of the primary metastatic sites. Thus, the present study was undertaken to compile up-to-date information regarding the role of dysregulated miRNAs in the most common histological variants of AT, including neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, hepatocarcinoma, and adrenal tumors. Additionally, the clinical implications of dysregulated miRNAs as potential diagnostic tools or indicators of prognosis were evaluated.
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17
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Dong M, Chen JN, Huang JT, Gong LP, Shao CK. The roles of EBV-encoded microRNAs in EBV-associated tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 135:30-38. [PMID: 30819444 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is believed to be a pathogen causing a number of human cancers, but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. An increasing number of studies have indicated that EBV-encoded microRNAs (EBV miRNAs) are expressed in a latency type- and tumor type-dependent manner, playing important roles in the development and progression of EBV-associated tumors. By targeting one or more genes of the virus and the host, EBV miRNAs are responsible for the deregulation of a variety of viral and host cell biological processes, including viral replication, latency maintenance, immune evasion, cell apoptosis and metabolism, and tumor proliferation and metastasis. In addition, some EBV miRNAs can be used as excellent diagnostic, prognostic and treatment efficacy predictive biomarkers for EBV-associated tumors. More importantly, EBV miRNA-targeting therapeutics have emerged and have been developing rapidly, which may open a new era in the treatment of EBV-associated tumors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jian-Ning Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jun-Ting Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Li-Ping Gong
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Herein, we review the role of FXR and TGR5 in the regulation of hepatic bile acid metabolism, with a focus on how our understanding of bile acid metabolic regulation by these receptors has evolved in recent years and how this improved understanding may facilitate targeting bile acids for type 2 diabetes treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Bile acid profile is a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Inhibition of expression of the enzyme that is required for cholic acid synthesis and thus determines bile acid profile, Cyp8b1, may be an effective target for type 2 diabetes treatment. FXR and, more recently, TGR5 have been shown to regulate bile acid metabolism and Cyp8b1 expression and, therefore, may provide a mechanism with which to target bile acid profile for type 2 diabetes treatment. Inhibition of Cyp8b1 expression is a promising therapeutic modality for type 2 diabetes; however, further work is needed to fully understand the pathways regulating Cyp8b1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina E Zaborska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, T3 014A Veterinary Research Tower, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Bethany P Cummings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, T3 014A Veterinary Research Tower, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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19
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Aggarwal D, Arumalla N, Jethwa H, Abraham S. The use of biomarkers as a tool for novel psoriatic disease drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:875-887. [PMID: 30124339 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1508206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psoriatic disease is a relatively new term which encompasses psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, and associated comorbidities. In this heterogeneous condition, the study of biomarkers is necessary to direct best therapy. Resulting in significant disability and socioeconomic burden, recent recommendations stress the need for tight control in psoriatic disease. Areas covered: The authors outline recent advances in the understanding of psoriatic disease pathogenesis which has highlighted multiple biomarkers that have been pursued as drug targets with varying degrees of success. Current drugs targeting biomarkers and therapies in development are evaluated. The methods of biomarker discovery through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and study of the microbiome are also discussed. Expert opinion: Targeting biomarkers for therapeutic benefit appears to a promising field with multiple success stories, notably those associated with signaling through T-helper-17 cells. The use of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and more recently metabolomics will help individualize targeted biomarker therapies, assist in monitoring therapeutic success, and ultimately yield novel therapeutic targets. Advances in the development of novel biologic molecules targeting more than one cytokine may offer additional gains in therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Aggarwal
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , Chelsea and Westminster Hospital , London , UK
| | | | - Hannah Jethwa
- c Department of Rheumatology , Ealing Hospital , Southall , UK
| | - Sonya Abraham
- d Department of Rheumatology , Hammersmith Hospital , London , UK.,e Department of Rheumatology , Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK
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20
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Abstract
MicroRNAs are small, noncoding, RNAs known for their powerful modulation of molecular processes, making them a major focus for studying pathological mechanisms. The human miR-146 family of microRNAs consists of two member genes, MIR146A and MIR146B These two microRNAs are located on different chromosomes and exhibit differential regulation in many cases. However, they are nearly identical in sequence, sharing a seed region, and are thus predicted to target the same set of genes. A large proportion of the microRNA (miR)-146 literature focuses on its role in regulating the innate immune response in the context of various pathologies by modulating two widely studied target genes in the toll-like receptor signaling cascade. A growing subset of the literature reports a role of miR-146 in cardiovascular and renal disease, and data suggest there is exciting potential for miR-146 as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the published literature is confounded by unclear and imprecise language concerning the specific effects of the two miR-146 family members. The present review will compare the genomic origin and regulation of miR-146a and miR-146b, discuss some approaches to overcome analytical and experimental challenges, and summarize findings in major areas of miR-146 research. Moving forward, careful evaluation of miR-146a/b specificity in analytical and experimental approaches will aid researchers in elucidating the functional relevance of differential regulation of the miR-146 family members in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Paterson
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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