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Lin X, Han H, Wang N, Wang C, Qi M, Wang J, Liu G. The Gut Microbial Regulation of Epigenetic Modification from a Metabolic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7175. [PMID: 39000282 PMCID: PMC11241073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health challenge that has received increasing attention in contemporary research. The gut microbiota has been implicated in the development of obesity, primarily through its involvement in regulating various host metabolic processes. Recent research suggests that epigenetic modifications may serve as crucial pathways through which the gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and other metabolic disorders. Hence, understanding the interplay between gut microbiota and epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for elucidating the impact of obesity on the host. This review primarily focuses on the understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and its metabolites with epigenetic mechanisms in several obesity-related pathogenic mechanisms, including energy dysregulation, metabolic inflammation, and maternal inheritance. These findings could serve as novel therapeutic targets for probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation tools in treating metabolic disruptions. It may also aid in developing therapeutic strategies that modulate the gut microbiota, thereby regulating the metabolic characteristics of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtong Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ming Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.L.); (H.H.); (N.W.); (C.W.); (M.Q.)
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Wu Z, Geng J, Bai Y, Qi Y, Chang C, Jiao Y, Guo Z. MicroRNA-22 inhibition promotes the development of atherosclerosis via targeting interferon regulator factor 5. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112922. [PMID: 34780785 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is generally accepted as a chronic inflammatory disease and is the most important pathological process underlying the cardiovascular diseases. MiR-22 exerts an important role in tumorgenesis, obesity and NAFLD development, as well as cardiovascular diseases. However, a certain role of miR-22 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains undetermined. Here, we showed that miR-22 exhibited a negative association with the deteriorated atherosclerotic plaque and showed significant downregulated expression in macrophages. Next, treatment of ApoE deficiency (ApoE-/-) mice with miR-22 inhibitors which were then subjected to high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks were performed to investigate the function of miR-22 on atherogenesis. The results exhibited that miR-22 inhibition dramatically promoted atherosclerotic plaques but attenuated plaque stabilization which were accompanied by decreased smooth muscle cell and collagen content, but increased macrophage infiltration and lipid accumulation. More importantly, the in vivo and in vitro experiments suggested that miR-22 inhibition accelerated inflammatory response and foam cell formation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated interferon regulator factor 5 (IRF5) was an important target of miR-22 and it was required for the regulation of inflammation mediated by miR-22 inhibition. Collectively, these evidences revealed that miR-22 inhibition promoted the atherosclerosis progression through activation of IRF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China; Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300073, China
| | - Jie Geng
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yujuan Qi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Chao Chang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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Qiu Y, Xu J, Yang L, Zhao G, Ding J, Chen Q, Zhang N, Yang R, Wang J, Li S, Zhang L. MiR-375 silencing attenuates pro-inflammatory macrophage response and foam cell formation by targeting KLF4. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112507. [PMID: 33545131 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage mediated inflammation and foam cell formation play crucial roles in the development of atherosclerosis. MiR-375 is a small noncoding RNA that significantly implicated in multiple tumor regulation and has been emerged as a novel biomarker for type 2 diabetes. However, the exact role of miR-375 on macrophage activation remains unknown. In the present study, we observed that miR-375 expression showed an up-regulated expression in atherosclerotic aortas, as well as in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) isolated from ApoE deficiency mice and was gradually increased followed the Ox-LDL treated time. Functionally, miR-375 inhibition significantly decreased foam cell formation accompanied by up-regulated genes expression involved in cholesterol efflux but reduced genes expression implicated in cholesterol influx. Moreover, miR-375 silencing increased resolving M2 macrophage but reduced pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage markers expression. Such above effects can be reversed by miR-375 overexpression. Mechanistically, we noticed that miR-375 knockdown promoted KLF4 expression which was required for the ameliorated effect of miR-375 silencing on macrophage activation. Importantly, the consistent results in mRNA expression of M1 and M2 markers were observed in vivo, and miR-375-/-ApoE-/- mice significant decreased atherosclerotic lesions in the whole aorta and aortic sinus. Taken together, these evidences suggested that miR-375 knockdown attenuated macrophage activation partially through activation of KLF4-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Qiu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Guihua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Ruike Yang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Jijing Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Shuaibing Li
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Luming Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Function, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
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Gong FH, Long L, Yang YS, Shen DH, Zhang YS, Wang XS, Zhang XP, Xiao XQ. Attenuated macrophage activation mediated by microRNA-183 knockdown through targeting NR4A2. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:300. [PMID: 33717243 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered a chronic inflammatory disease, and macrophages function as important mediators in the development of atherogenesis. MicroRNA (miR)-183 is a small non-coding RNA that acts as a novel tumor suppressor and has recently been proposed to affect cardiac hypertrophy. However, the exact role and underlying mechanism of miR-183 in macrophage activation remain unknown. In the present study, miR-183 showed upregulated expression in atheromatous plaques and in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) subjected to stimulation with oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Using a miR-183 loss-of-function strategy, it was demonstrated that miR-183 knockdown significantly increased resolving M2 macrophage marker expression but decreased proinflammatory M1 macrophage marker expression, as well as attenuated NF-κB activation. Moreover, decreased foam-cell formation accompanied by upregulation of genes involved in cholesterol efflux and downregulation of genes implicated in cholesterol influx was found in BMDMs transfected with a miR-183 inhibitor. Mechanistically, macrophage activation mediated by miR-183 silencing was partially attributed to direct upregulation of NR4A2 expression in BMDMs. Thus, the present study suggests that neutralizing miR-183 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Han Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P.R. China
| | - Li Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P.R. China
| | - De-Hong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Municipal People's Hospital, Tongren, Guizhou 554300, P.R. China
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Cabiati M, Randazzo E, Salvadori C, Peroni D, Federico G, Del Ry S. Circulating microRNAs associated with C-type natriuretic peptide in childhood obesity. Peptides 2020; 133:170387. [PMID: 32828851 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers of metabolic disease implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and at present, no data are available on a possible contribution of C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP)-linked miRNAs to childhood obesity. Our aims were to 1) perform an in silico-analysis to identify miRNAs targeting CNP gene; 2) recognize CNP-linked miRNAs associated with obesity; 3) characterize their circulating profiling in normal-weight (N) and obese adolescents (O). A clinical examination was performed in 25 N and 52 O adolescents. CNP plasma levels were detected by immunometric assay while miRNA expression was carried out on peripheral blood using Real-Time PCR. Plasma CNP resulted significantly lower in O than in N (5.58 ± 0.62 vs.14.78 ± 1.35 pg/mL, p < 0.0001). In silico-analysis disclosed several specific circulating CNP-linked miRNAs among which miR-33a-3p, miR-223-5p and miR-142-5p also associated with obesity. MiR-199-5p and miR-4454, known to be associated with obesity but not with CNP, were also studied. miR-223-5p and miR-33a-3p resulted significantly (p = 0.05) higher in O (0.97 ± 0.1; 0.85 ± 0.1, respectively) than in N (0.66 ± 0.11; 0.51 ± 0.08, respectively). Plasma CNP correlated inversely with miR-33a-3p (p = 0.036), miR-223-5p (p = 0.004), miR-199-5p (p = 0.003) and miR-4454 (p < 0.0001). Significantly positive correlations were observed between miR-33a-3p and miR-223-5p (p = 0.002) and between miR-199-5p and miR-4454 (p = 0.0001). Applying a multiple linear regression model, miR-142-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-223-5p, miR33a-3p, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and age were independent determinants of CNP. Our results underline the concept that expanding our knowledge on the behaviour of circulating miRNA profile may have a promising role for early identification of obese children at increased risk of cardiometabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cabiati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Salvadori
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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Xu K, Ji M, Huang X, Peng Y, Wu W, Zhang J. Differential Regulatory Roles of MicroRNAs in Porcine Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3954-3962. [PMID: 32146812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) fat is an important trait influencing pork quality. Understanding the genetic differences between these two types of adipose tissues is consequently of great importance for pig breeding. Here, we established primary cultures of IM and SC adipocytes from Jiaxing black pigs. The microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of the two types of adipocytes were obtained by RNA-seq. A total of 741 miRNAs were identified in IM and SC adipocytes, including 155 significant differentially expressed (SDE) miRNAs. According to gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes analysis, the target genes of the SDE miRNAs were enriched in categories and pathways related to transcriptional regulation, fatty acid biosynthesis, as well as the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Notably, miR-206 expression was 36-fold higher in IM adipocytes than in SC adipocytes. The overexpression of miR-206 in IM and SC adipocytes decreased cell proliferation and triglyceride accumulation. Luciferase activity assays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that miR-206 regulates adipocyte proliferation by targeting STARD7 and inhibits adipogenesis by repressing Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression. Accordingly, the effect of miR-206 mimics was attenuated by the overexpression of KLF4 in adipocytes. Taken together, we identified the expression profiles of miRNAs in adipocytes, which revealed that miR-206 acts as a suppressor of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Miao Ji
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Yongjia Peng
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
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Aleksandrova K, Mozaffarian D, Pischon T. Addressing the Perfect Storm: Biomarkers in Obesity and Pathophysiology of Cardiometabolic Risk. Clin Chem 2018; 64:142-153. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.275172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBACKGROUNDThe worldwide rise of obesity has provoked intensified research to better understand its pathophysiology as a means for disease prevention. Several biomarkers that may reflect various pathophysiological pathways that link obesity and cardiometabolic diseases have been identified over the past decades.CONTENTWe summarize research evidence regarding the role of established and novel obesity-related biomarkers, focusing on recent epidemiological evidence for detrimental associations with cardiometabolic diseases including obesity-related cancer. The reviewed biomarkers include biomarkers of glucose–insulin homeostasis (insulin, insulin-like growth factors, and C-peptide), adipose tissue biomarkers (adiponectin, omentin, apelin, leptin, resistin, and fatty-acid-binding protein-4), inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α), and omics-based biomarkers (metabolites and microRNAs).SUMMARYAlthough the evidence for many classical obesity biomarkers, including adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP), in disease etiology has been initially promising, the evidence for a causal role in humans remains limited. Further, there has been little demonstrated ability to improve disease prediction beyond classical risk factors. In the era of “precision medicine,” there is an increasing interest in novel biomarkers, and the extended list of potentially promising biomarkers, such as adipokines, cytokines, metabolites, and microRNAs, implicated in obesity may bring new promise for improved, personalized prevention. To further evaluate the role of obesity-related biomarkers as etiological and early-disease-prediction targets, well-designed studies are needed to evaluate temporal associations, replicate findings, and test clinical utility of novel biomarkers. In particular, studies to determine the therapeutic implications of novel biomarkers beyond established metabolic risk factors are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- MDC/BIH Biobank, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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