1
|
Wei L, Liu L, Meng Z, Qi K, Gao X, Feng J, Luo J. Recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophage Toll-like receptor and its role in autophagy. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:753-770. [PMID: 38563966 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogen responsible for tuberculosis is called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its interaction with macrophages has a significant impact on the onset and progression of the disease. METHODS The respiratory pathway allows Mycobacterium tuberculosis to enter the body's lungs where it battles immune cells before being infected latently or actively. In the progress of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis activates the body's immune system and creates inflammatory factors, which cause tissue inflammation to infiltrate and the creation of granulomas, which seriously harms the body. Toll-like receptors of macrophage can mediate host recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, initiate immune responses, and participate in macrophage autophagy. New host-directed therapeutic approaches targeting autophagy for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis have emerged, providing new ideas for the effective treatment of tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS In-depth understanding of the mechanisms by which macrophage autophagy interacts with intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as the study of potent and specific autophagy-regulating molecules, will lead to much-needed advances in drug discovery and vaccine design, which will improve the prevention and treatment of human tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linna Wei
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Zudi Meng
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Kai Qi
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xuehan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Jihong Feng
- Department of Oncology, Lishui People's Hospital, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junmin Luo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Osman NA, Soltan MK, Rezq S, Flaherty J, Romero DG, Abdelkhalek AS. Dual COX-2 and 15-LOX inhibition study of novel 4-arylidine-2-mercapto-1-phenyl-1H-imidazolidin-5(4H)-ones: Design, synthesis, docking, and anti-inflammatory activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300615. [PMID: 38315093 PMCID: PMC11073913 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Novel arylidene-5(4H)-imidazolone derivatives 4a-r were designed and evaluated as multidrug-directed ligands, that is, inflammatory, proinflammatory mediators, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitors. All of the tested compounds showed cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibitory effect more than celecoxib and less than indomethacin and also demonstrated an improved inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Compounds 4f, 4l, and 4p exhibited COX-2 selectivity comparable to that of celecoxib, while 4k was the most selective COX-2 inhibitor. Interestingly, the screened results showed that compound 4k exhibited a superior inhibition effect against 15-LOX and was found to be the most selective COX-2 inhibitor over celecoxib, whereas compound 4f showed promising COX-2 and 15-LOX inhibitory activities besides its inhibitory effect against ROS production and its lowering effect of both tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels by ∼80%. Moreover, compound 4f attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-mediated increase in NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The preferred binding affinity of these molecules was confirmed by docking studies. We conclude that arylidene-5(4H)-imidazolone scaffolds provide promising hits for developing new synthons with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermine A. Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K. Soltan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Sultanate Oman
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Joseph Flaherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Damian G. Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Women’s Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ahmed S. Abdelkhalek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park JY, Kim MJ, Choi YA, Kim YY, Lee S, Chung JM, Kim SY, Jeong GS, Kim SH. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Clematis terniflora Leaf on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2024; 2024:6653893. [PMID: 38230250 PMCID: PMC10791263 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6653893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
For centuries, natural products are regarded as vital medicines for human survival. Clematis terniflora var. mandshurica (Rupr.) Ohwi is an ingredient of the herbal medicine, Wei Ling Xian, which has been used in Chinese medicine to alleviate pain, fever, and inflammation. In particular, C. terniflora leaves have been used to cure various inflammatory diseases, including tonsillitis, cholelithiasis, and conjunctivitis. Based on these properties, this study aimed to scientifically investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of an ethanol extract of leaves of C. terniflora (EELCT) using activated macrophages that play central roles in inflammatory response. In this study, EELCT inhibited the essential inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase, by suppressing the nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in macrophages. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a fatal respiratory disease accompanied by serious inflammation. With high mortality rate, the disease has no effective treatments. Therefore, new therapeutic agents must be developed for ALI. We expected that EELCT can be a promising therapeutic agent for ALI by reducing inflammatory responses and evaluated its action in a lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced ALI model. EELCT alleviated histological changes, immune cell infiltration, inflammatory mediator production, and protein-rich pulmonary edema during ALI. Collectively, our results may explain the traditional usage of C. terniflora in inflammatory diseases and suggest the promising potential of EELCT as therapeutic candidate for ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeong Park
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jong Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ae Choi
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Yong Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Chung
- Department of Gardens and Education, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Kim
- DMZ Botanic Garden, Korea National Arboretum, Yanggu 24564, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Naigles B, Narla AV, Soroczynski J, Tsimring LS, Hao N. Quantifying dynamic pro-inflammatory gene expression and heterogeneity in single macrophage cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105230. [PMID: 37689116 PMCID: PMC10579967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages must respond appropriately to pathogens and other pro-inflammatory stimuli in order to perform their roles in fighting infection. One way in which inflammatory stimuli can vary is in their dynamics-that is, the amplitude and duration of stimulus experienced by the cell. In this study, we performed long-term live cell imaging in a microfluidic device to investigate how the pro-inflammatory genes IRF1, CXCL10, and CXCL9 respond to dynamic interferon-gamma (IFNγ) stimulation. We found that IRF1 responds to low concentration or short duration IFNγ stimulation, whereas CXCL10 and CXCL9 require longer or higherconcentration stimulation to be expressed. We also investigated the heterogeneity in the expression of each gene and found that CXCL10 and CXCL9 have substantial cell-to-cell variability. In particular, the expression of CXCL10 appears to be largely stochastic with a subpopulation of nonresponding cells across all the stimulation conditions tested. We developed both deterministic and stochastic models for the expression of each gene. Our modeling analysis revealed that the heterogeneity in CXCL10 can be attributed to a slow chromatin-opening step that is on a similar timescale to that of adaptation of the upstream signal. In this way, CXCL10 expression in individual cells can remain stochastic in response to each pulse of repeated stimulation, which we also validated by experiments. Together, we conclude that pro-inflammatory genes in the same signaling pathway can respond to dynamic IFNγ stimulus with very different response features and that upstream signal adaptation can contribute to shaping heterogeneous gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Naigles
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Avaneesh V Narla
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jan Soroczynski
- Laboratory of Genome Architecture and Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lev S Tsimring
- Synthetic Biology Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nan Hao
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Synthetic Biology Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Poledniczek M, Neumayer C, Kopp CW, Schlager O, Gremmel T, Jozkowicz A, Gschwandtner ME, Koppensteiner R, Wadowski PP. Micro- and Macrovascular Effects of Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease-Pathophysiology and Translational Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2284. [PMID: 37626780 PMCID: PMC10452462 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. On the molecular level, inflammatory pathways negatively impact endothelial barrier properties and thus, tissue homeostasis. Conformational changes and destruction of the glycocalyx further promote pro-inflammatory pathways also contributing to pro-coagulability and a prothrombotic state. In addition, changes in the extracellular matrix composition lead to (peri-)vascular remodelling and alterations of the vessel wall, e.g., aneurysm formation. Moreover, progressive fibrosis leads to reduced tissue perfusion due to loss of functional capillaries. The present review aims at discussing the molecular and clinical effects of inflammatory processes on the micro- and macrovasculature with a focus on peripheral artery disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christoph W. Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Oliver Schlager
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michael E. Gschwandtner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Patricia P. Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Crofts KF, Page CL, Swedik SM, Holbrook BC, Meyers AK, Zhu X, Parsonage D, Westcott MM, Alexander-Miller MA. An Analysis of Linker-Dependent Effects on the APC Activation and In Vivo Immunogenicity of an R848-Conjugated Influenza Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1261. [PMID: 37515076 PMCID: PMC10383912 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Subunit or inactivated vaccines comprise the majority of vaccines used against viral and bacterial pathogens. However, compared to their live/attenuated counterparts, these vaccines often demonstrate reduced immunogenicity, requiring multiple boosters and or adjuvants to elicit protective immune responses. For this reason, studies of adjuvants and the mechanism through which they can improve inactivated vaccine responses are critical for the development of vaccines with increased efficacy. Studies have shown that the direct conjugation of adjuvant to antigen promotes vaccine immunogenicity, with the advantage of both the adjuvant and antigen targeting the same cell. Using this strategy of direct linkage, we developed an inactivated influenza A (IAV) vaccine that is directly conjugated with the Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848) through a heterobifunctional crosslinker. Previously, we showed that this vaccine resulted in improved protection and viral clearance in newborn nonhuman primates compared to a non-adjuvanted vaccine. We subsequently discovered that the choice of linker used to conjugate R848 to the virus alters the stimulatory activity of the vaccine, promoting increased maturation and proinflammatory cytokine production from DC differentiated in vitro. With this knowledge, we explored how the choice of crosslinker impacts the stimulatory activity of these vaccines. We found that the linker choice alters signaling through the NF-κB pathway in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Further, we extended our analyses to in vivo differentiated APC present in human peripheral blood, replicating the linker-dependent differences found in in vitro differentiated cells. Finally, we demonstrated in a mouse model that the choice of linker impacts the amount of IAV-specific IgG antibody produced in response to vaccination. These data enhance our understanding of conjugation approaches for improving vaccine immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kali F. Crofts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (K.F.C.); (C.L.P.); (S.M.S.); (B.C.H.); (A.K.M.); (X.Z.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Courtney L. Page
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (K.F.C.); (C.L.P.); (S.M.S.); (B.C.H.); (A.K.M.); (X.Z.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Stephanie M. Swedik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (K.F.C.); (C.L.P.); (S.M.S.); (B.C.H.); (A.K.M.); (X.Z.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Beth C. Holbrook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (K.F.C.); (C.L.P.); (S.M.S.); (B.C.H.); (A.K.M.); (X.Z.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Allison K. Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (K.F.C.); (C.L.P.); (S.M.S.); (B.C.H.); (A.K.M.); (X.Z.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (K.F.C.); (C.L.P.); (S.M.S.); (B.C.H.); (A.K.M.); (X.Z.); (M.M.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Derek Parsonage
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Marlena M. Westcott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (K.F.C.); (C.L.P.); (S.M.S.); (B.C.H.); (A.K.M.); (X.Z.); (M.M.W.)
| | - Martha A. Alexander-Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (K.F.C.); (C.L.P.); (S.M.S.); (B.C.H.); (A.K.M.); (X.Z.); (M.M.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Panzer B, Kopp CW, Neumayer C, Koppensteiner R, Jozkowicz A, Poledniczek M, Gremmel T, Jilma B, Wadowski PP. Toll-like Receptors as Pro-Thrombotic Drivers in Viral Infections: A Narrative Review. Cells 2023; 12:1865. [PMID: 37508529 PMCID: PMC10377790 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in the pathogenesis and disease course of viral infections. The induced pro-inflammatory responses result in the disturbance of the endovascular surface layer and impair vascular homeostasis. The injury of the vessel wall further promotes pro-thrombotic and pro-coagulatory processes, eventually leading to micro-vessel plugging and tissue necrosis. Moreover, TLRs have a direct role in the sensing of viruses and platelet activation. TLR-mediated upregulation of von Willebrand factor release and neutrophil, as well as macrophage extra-cellular trap formation, further contribute to (micro-) thrombotic processes during inflammation. The following review focuses on TLR signaling pathways of TLRs expressed in humans provoking pro-thrombotic responses, which determine patient outcome during viral infections, especially in those with cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Panzer
- Department of Cardiology, Wilhelminenspital, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph W Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia P Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hammad M, Raftari M, Cesário R, Salma R, Godoy P, Emami SN, Haghdoost S. Roles of Oxidative Stress and Nrf2 Signaling in Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Cells: A Possible General Mechanism of Resistance to Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1371. [PMID: 37507911 PMCID: PMC10376708 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordinating role of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cellular function is undeniable. Evidence indicates that this transcription factor exerts massive regulatory functions in multiple signaling pathways concerning redox homeostasis and xenobiotics, macromolecules, and iron metabolism. Being the master regulator of antioxidant system, Nrf2 controls cellular fate, influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, resistance to therapy, and senescence processes, as well as infection disease success. Because Nrf2 is the key coordinator of cell defence mechanisms, dysregulation of its signaling has been associated with carcinogenic phenomena and infectious and age-related diseases. Deregulation of this cytoprotective system may also interfere with immune response. Oxidative burst, one of the main microbicidal mechanisms, could be impaired during the initial phagocytosis of pathogens, which could lead to the successful establishment of infection and promote susceptibility to infectious diseases. There is still a knowledge gap to fill regarding the molecular mechanisms by which Nrf2 orchestrates such complex networks involving multiple pathways. This review describes the role of Nrf2 in non-pathogenic and pathogenic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hammad
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/ARIA, GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Mohammad Raftari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rute Cesário
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rima Salma
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/ARIA, GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Paulo Godoy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Noushin Emami
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, London ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- University of Caen Normandy, UMR6252 CIMAP/ARIA, GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), 14000 Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bonato A, Fisch P, Ponta S, Fercher D, Manninen M, Weber D, Eklund KK, Barreto G, Zenobi-Wong M. Engineering Inflammation-Resistant Cartilage: Bridging Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2202271. [PMID: 36841937 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects caused by traumatic injury rarely heal spontaneously and predispose into post-traumatic osteoarthritis. In the current autologous cell-based treatments the regenerative process is often hampered by the poor regenerative capacity of adult cells and the inflammatory state of the injured joint. The lack of ideal treatment options for cartilage injuries motivated the authors to tissue engineer a cartilage tissue which would be more resistant to inflammation. A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 knockout of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) gene in polydactyly chondrocytes provides multivalent protection against the signals that activate the pro-inflammatory and catabolic NF-κB pathway. The TAK1-KO chondrocytes encapsulate into a hyaluronan hydrogel deposit copious cartilage extracellular matrix proteins and facilitate integration onto native cartilage, even under proinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, when implanted in vivo, compared to WT fewer pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages invade the cartilage, likely due to the lower levels of cytokines secreted by the TAK1-KO polydactyly chondrocytes. The engineered cartilage thus represents a new paradigm-shift for the creation of more potent and functional tissues for use in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bonato
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Fisch
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ponta
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - David Fercher
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Mikko Manninen
- Orton Orthopedic Hospital Helsinki, Helsinki, 00280, Finland
| | - Daniel Weber
- Division of Hand Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Orton Orthopedic Hospital Helsinki, Helsinki, 00280, Finland.,Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Goncalo Barreto
- Orton Orthopedic Hospital Helsinki, Helsinki, 00280, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Expression of O-glycosylated oncofetal fibronectin in alternatively activated human macrophages. Immunol Res 2023; 71:92-104. [PMID: 36197587 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage (Mϕ) polarization is an essential phenomenon for the maintenance of homeostasis and tissue repair, and represents the event by which Mϕ reach divergent functional phenotypes as a result to specific stimuli and/or microenvironmental signals. Mϕ can be polarized into two main phenotypes, M1 or classically activated and M2 or alternatively activated. These two categories diverge in many aspects, such as secreted cytokines, markers of cell surface, and biological functions. Over the last 10 years, many potential markers have been proposed for both M1 and M2 human Mϕ. However, there is scarce information regarding the glycophenotype adopted by these cells. Here, we show that M2- but not M1-polarized Mϕ expresses high levels of an unusual glycoform of fibronectin (FN), named O-glycosylated oncofetal FN (onf-FN), found in fetal/cancer cells, but not in healthy tissues. The onf-FN expression was confirmed in vitro by Western blot and real-time RT-qPCR in primary and cell line monocyte-derived Mϕ. onf-FN was induced by IL-4 and IL-13, but not by pro-inflammatory stimuli (LPS and INF-γ). RNA and protein analysis clearly demonstrated that it is specifically associated with the M2 polarization. In conclusion, we show by the first time that O-glycosylated onf-FN is expressed by M2-polarized Mϕ.
Collapse
|
11
|
Abbasihormozi S, Kouhkan A, Shahverdi A, Sadighi Gilani MA, Babapour V, Niasari Naslji A, Akbarinehad V, Alizadeh A. Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Protein Levels in Sperm of Obese Men with and without Diabetes; Cellular Approach in Male Infertility. CELL JOURNAL 2023; 25:17-24. [PMID: 36680480 PMCID: PMC9868436 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.557547.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the role of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) in male infertility is well established, little information about the underlying cellular mechanisms in infertility is available. In this sense, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) has been recognized as an important regulator in obesity and DM; However, its function in the pathogenesis of male infertility has never been studied in obese or men who suffer from diabetes. Therefore, the main goal of current research is assessing NF-kB existence and activity in ejaculated human spermatozoa considering the obesity and diabetics condition of males. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an experimental study, the ELISA technique was applied to analyze NF-kB levels in sperm of four experimental groups: non-obese none-diabetic men (body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2; control group; n=30), obese non-diabetic men (BMI >30 kg/m2; OB group; n=30), non-obese diabetic men (BMI <25 kg/m2; DM group; n=30), and obese diabetic men (BMI >30 kg/m2; OB-DM group; n=30) who were presented to Royan Institute Infertility Center. In addition, protein localization was shown by Immunocytofluorescent assay. Sperm features were also evaluated using CASA. RESULTS The diabetic men were older than non-diabetic men regardless of obesity status (P=0.0002). Sperm progressive motility was affected by obesity (P=0.035) and type A sperm progressive motility was affected by DM (P=0.034). The concentration of sperm (P=0.013), motility (P=0.025) and morphology (P<0.0001) were altered by obesity × diabetes interaction effects. The NF-kB activity was negatively influenced by the main impact of diabetics (P=0.019). Obesity did not affect (P=0.248) NF-kB activity. Uniquely, NF-kB localized to the midpiece of sperm and post-acrosomal areas. CONCLUSION The current study indicated a lower concentration of NF-kB in diabetic men, no effect of obesity on NF-kB was observed yet. Additionally, we revealed the main obesity and diabetes effects, and their interaction effect adversely influenced sperm characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Abbasihormozi
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine,
ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Kouhkan
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine,
ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahab Babapour
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Niasari Naslji
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Akbarinehad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - AliReza Alizadeh
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine,
ACECR, Tehran, Iran ,P.O.Box: 16635-148Department of EmbryologyReproductive Biomedicine Research CenterRoyan
Institute for Reproductive BiomedicineACECRTehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bessa-Gonçalves M, Ribeiro-Machado C, Costa M, Ribeiro CC, Barbosa JN, Barbosa MA, Santos SG. Magnesium incorporation in fibrinogen scaffolds promotes macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:667-683. [PMID: 36328124 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The host inflammatory response to biomaterials conditions their capacity to promote tissue repair, and macrophage polarization shift from M1 to M2 is determinant in this process. Previous work showed that extracts of a combination between fibrinogen and metallic magnesium materials acted synergistically to reduce macrophage inflammatory phenotype. The hypothesis underlying the current work was that the ability of magnesium-modified fibrinogen scaffolds to modulate macrophage phenotype depends on the concentration of magnesium. Thus, Fibrinogen (Fg) scaffolds incorporating precise concentrations of magnesium sulfate (Mg: 0, 10, 25, 50 mM) were developed and characterized. Mg incorporation in Fg scaffolds increased surface charge, while porosity decreased with increasing Mg concentrations, but only Fg scaffolds with 10 mM of Mg (FgMg10) had significantly improved mechanical properties. Human macrophages cultured on FgMg10 scaffolds, showed increased M2 and decreased M1 polarization, when compared to those cultured on scaffolds with 0, 25 and 50 mM of Mg. Macrophage polarization results were independent of the anion used (chloride or sulfate). Macrophage modulation by FgMg10 scaffolds involved reduced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, and impacted production of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. IFNγ, IL-12, TNF-⍺, IP-10). Importantly, FgMg10 scaffolds implanted in vivo increased the expression of M2 marker CD163, in macrophages from inflammatory exudates, compared to Sham and Fg-implanted animals, increasing the M2:M1 ratio. A cytokine/chemokine array showed that, while both Fg and FgMg10 scaffolds decreased inflammatory mediators, only FgMg10 decreased IL-1β, IP-10, MIP-2, MDC and MIP-3⍺, compared to Sham-operated animals. This study demonstrated that incorporation of 10mM of Mg modulated inflammation, promoting M2 macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Developing biomaterials that can modulate inflammation and promote macrophage phenotype switch from M1 to M2 is crucial to promote a regenerative microenvironment. Our previous work showed that extracts of a combination between fibrinogen (Fg) and metallic magnesium (Mg) materials synergistically reduced macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that macrophage modulation was dependent on Mg concentration. A new family of Fg porous scaffolds incorporating different amounts of Mg (0, 10, 25 and 50 mM) was produced and characterized. We observed that only the combination of Fg scaffolds with 10 mM of Mg (FgMg10) significantly changed the scaffolds mechanical properties and directed macrophages towards a M2 phenotype, reducing the production of inflammatory mediators, both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bessa-Gonçalves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Ribeiro-Machado
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Costa
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - C C Ribeiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ISEP - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - J N Barbosa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M A Barbosa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - S G Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hamid AA, Aminuddin A, Anuar NNM, Mansor NI, Ahmad MF, Saleh MSM, Mokhtar MH, Ugusman A. Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz Prevents In Vitro Atherogenesis by Attenuating Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Monocyte Adhesion to Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101462. [PMID: 36294897 PMCID: PMC9605558 DOI: 10.3390/life12101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Persicaria minor (Huds.) Opiz is an herb with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherosclerosis effects. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying its anti-atherosclerosis effect is poorly comprehended. This in vitro study assessed the protective effects of standardized aqueous extract of P. minor leaves (PM) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced monocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), which is one of the pivotal early steps in atherogenesis. The results showed that PM decreased the mRNA and protein expression of cellular adhesion molecules, vascular adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, resulting in reduced adhesion of monocytes to HUVEC. Additionally, PM inhibited nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activation as indicated by reduced NF-κB p65 levels in TNF-α-induced HUVEC. Overall, PM could prevent in vitro atherogenesis by inhibiting NF-κB activation and adhesion of monocytes to HUVEC. The effects of PM are probably mediated by its bioactive compound, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. The findings may provide a rationale for the in vivo anti-atherosclerosis effect of PM, and support its potential use in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izzati Mansor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Faizal Ahmad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed S. M. Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morris G, Gevezova M, Sarafian V, Maes M. Redox regulation of the immune response. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1079-1101. [PMID: 36056148 PMCID: PMC9508259 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe immune-inflammatory response is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress. The aim of this mechanistic review is to examine: (a) the role of redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes, ROS/RNS production, and the activity of cellular antioxidants in the activation and performance of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells; (b) the involvement of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and oxidized phospholipids in regulating the immune response; and (c) the detrimental effects of hypernitrosylation and chronic nitro-oxidative stress on the immune response. The redox changes during immune-inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the actions of nuclear factor-κB, HIF1α, the mechanistic target of rapamycin, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. The performance and survival of individual immune cells is under redox control and depends on intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS/RNS. They are heavily influenced by cellular antioxidants including the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and the HDL/ApoA1/PON1 complex. Chronic nitro-oxidative stress and hypernitrosylation inhibit the activity of those antioxidant systems, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial functions, and the metabolism of immune cells. In conclusion, redox-associated mechanisms modulate metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, macrophage and T helper cell polarization, phagocytosis, production of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines, immune training and tolerance, chemotaxis, pathogen sensing, antiviral and antibacterial effects, Toll-like receptor activity, and endotoxin tolerance.
Collapse
|
15
|
Apaza Ticona L, Slowing K, Serban AM, Humanes Bastante M, Hernáiz MJ. Wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activities of ursane-type triterpenes from Semialarium mexicanum (Miers) Mennega. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115009. [PMID: 35077827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The bark of Semialarium mexicanum commonly known as 'Cancerina' is used as an infusion in Central America and Mexico to treat various wound infections, as well as skin and vaginal ulcers. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activities of the aqueous extract of Semialarium mexicanum and to identify the compounds related to these activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bio-guided isolation of the active compounds of Semialarium mexicanum was carried out, selecting the sub-extracts and fractions depending on their wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activities in the RAW 264.7, NIH/3T3 and B16-F10 cells. RESULTS Three compounds were obtained and characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. These compounds are (3β)-3-Hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (1), (3β)-Urs-12-ene-3,28-diol (2) and (2α, 19α)-2,19-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (3). Regarding the anti-inflammatory activity, the three compounds inhibited the production of NF-κB and NO, however, compound 3 was the most active with IC50 values of 8.15-8.19 μM and 8.94-9.14 μM, respectively, in all cell lines. The anti-melanogenic activity of these compounds was evaluated by the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin in the B16-F10 cell line. The three compounds showed anti-melanogenic activity, however, compound 3 was the most active with an IC50 of 8.03 μM for the inhibition of tyrosinase production, and an IC50 of 8.53 μM for the inhibition of melanin production. Finally, concerning the wound healing activity, the three compounds presented proliferative activity in all the tested cell lines, however, compound 3 showed higher cell proliferation percentages than compounds 1 and 2 (88.89-89.60% compared to 64.92-65.71% and 71.53-71.99%, respectively). CONCLUSION The wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-melanogenic activity of the aqueous extract of Semialarium mexicanum was tested and analysed in the present study, after having isolated three ursane-type triterpenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Apaza Ticona
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Karla Slowing
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreea Madalina Serban
- Maria Sklodowska Curie University Hospital for Children. Constantin Brancoveanu Boulevard, 077120, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcos Humanes Bastante
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid. Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Hernáiz
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Plza. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Khatua S, Simal-Gandara J, Acharya K. Understanding immune-modulatory efficacy in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 352:109776. [PMID: 34906553 PMCID: PMC8665649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Boosting or suppressing our immune system represents an attractive adjunct in the treatment of infections including SARS-CoV-2, cancer, AIDS, malnutrition, age related problems and some inflammatory disorders. Thus, there has been a growing interest in exploring and developing novel drugs, natural or synthetic, that can manipulate our defence mechanism. Many of such studies, reported till date, have been designed to explore effect of the therapeutic on function of macrophages, being a key component in innate immune system. Indeed, RAW264.7, J774A.1, THP-1 and U937 cell lines act as ideal model systems for preliminary investigation and selection of dose for in vivo studies. Several bioassays have been standardized so far where many techniques require high throughput instruments, cost effective reagents and technical assistance that may hinder many scholars to perform a method demanding compilation of available protocols. In this review, we have taken an attempt for the first time to congregate commonly used in vitro immune-modulating techniques explaining their principles. The study detected that among about 40 different assays and more than 150 sets of primers, the methods of cell proliferation by MTT, phagocytosis by neutral red, NO detection by Griess reaction and estimation of expression of TLRs, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β by PCR have been the most widely used to screen the therapeutics under investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somanjana Khatua
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India,Department of Botany, Krishnagar Government College, Krishnagar, Nadia, 741101, West Bengal, India
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, E-32004, Ourense, Spain,Corresponding author
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang T, Sun L, Wang T, Liu C, Zhang H, Zhang C, Yu L. Gestational exposure to PM 2.5 leads to cognitive dysfunction in mice offspring via promoting HMGB1-NLRP3 axis mediated hippocampal inflammation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112617. [PMID: 34385058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is recently identified as a kind of material possessing severe biohazard. It can enter human body and exerts pathological effects on lung, eyes, and the central nervous system (CNS). Maternal exposure to PM2.5 can affect neural development and cause cognitive decline in offspring, with the underlying mechanisms unclear, however. The inflammasome monitors and responds to biological stressors, with HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammatory axis as an essential pathophysiological player outside the brain. The present work is to investigate its role in cognitive impairment induced by gestational exposure to PM2.5 in mice offspring. We found that HMGB1-NLRP3 pathway was activated in the hippocampus of mice offspring by gestational exposure to PM2.5 in a dose-dependent manner, with protein levels of HMGB1, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 as approximately three times as high as those of control. And down-regulating HMGB1 during pregnancy could alleviate the resultant impairment on learning and working memory as well as hippocampal neurons, up-regulate the synapse related proteins of SYP and PSD-95 and correct the increased expression of 5-HT2A to comparable levels to control, as well as inhibiting the activation of microglia and decreasing the expression of HMGB1 and Iba1/HMGB1 double positive cells in the hippocampus of mice offspring. Meanwhile, protein levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18, as well as TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB, and MAPKs, were almost down-regulated to those of control. Therefore, HMGB1 intervention inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated hippocampal inflammatory response through TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway, alleviating PM2.5-induced cognitive dysfunction. Further in vitro results suggest that PM2.5 can activate microglia and HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammatory axis. Pretreatment with HMGB1 inhibitor significantly reduced the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB, and inhibited the inflammatory response mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome similarly to those in vivo. These results suggest that PM2.5 exposure promotes the inflammatory response in hippocampus mediated by HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammatory axis in microglia, resulting in cognitive dysfunction in offspring, which could be alleviated by simultaneous HMGB1 suppression. These findings provide a theoretical basis for preventing cognitive impairment in offspring caused by environmental pollution during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Zhang
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haoyun Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Ratajczak-Wrona W. NF-κB-An Important Player in Xenoestrogen Signaling in Immune Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071799. [PMID: 34359968 PMCID: PMC8304139 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper functioning of the immune system is critical for an effective defense against pathogenic factors such as bacteria and viruses. All the cellular processes taking place in an organism are strictly regulated by an intracellular network of signaling pathways. In the case of immune cells, the NF-κB pathway is considered the key signaling pathway as it regulates the expression of more than 200 genes. The transcription factor NF-κB is sensitive to exogenous factors, such as xenoestrogens (XEs), which are compounds mimicking the action of endogenous estrogens and are widely distributed in the environment. Moreover, XE-induced modulation of signaling pathways may be crucial for the proper development of the immune system. In this review, we summarize the effects of XEs on the NF-κB signaling pathway. Based on our analysis, we constructed a model of XE-induced signaling in immune cells and found that in most cases XEs activate NF-κB. Our analysis indicated that the indirect impact of XEs on NF-κB in immune cells is related to the modulation of estrogen signaling and other pathways such as MAPK and JAK/STAT. We also summarize the role of these aspects of signaling in the development and further functioning of the immune system in this paper.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mostafizar M, Cortes-Pérez C, Snow W, Djordjevic J, Adlimoghaddam A, Albensi BC. Challenges with Methods for Detecting and Studying the Transcription Factor Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in the Central Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:1335. [PMID: 34071243 PMCID: PMC8228352 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is highly expressed in almost all types of cells. NF-κB is involved in many complex biological processes, in particular in immunity. The activation of the NF-κB signaling pathways is also associated with cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders and even memory. Hence, NF-κB is a central factor for understanding not only fundamental biological presence but also pathogenesis, and has been the subject of intense study in these contexts. Under healthy physiological conditions, the NF-κB pathway promotes synapse growth and synaptic plasticity in neurons, while in glia, NF-κB signaling can promote pro-inflammatory responses to injury. In addition, NF-κB promotes the maintenance and maturation of B cells regulating gene expression in a majority of diverse signaling pathways. Given this, the protein plays a predominant role in activating the mammalian immune system, where NF-κB-regulated gene expression targets processes of inflammation and host defense. Thus, an understanding of the methodological issues around its detection for localization, quantification, and mechanistic insights should have a broad interest across the molecular neuroscience community. In this review, we summarize the available methods for the proper detection and analysis of NF-κB among various brain tissues, cell types, and subcellular compartments, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. We also summarize the flexibility and performance of these experimental methods for the detection of the protein, accurate quantification in different samples, and the experimental challenges in this regard, as well as suggestions to overcome common challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mostafizar
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Claudia Cortes-Pérez
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Wanda Snow
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Aida Adlimoghaddam
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Benedict C. Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (M.M.); (C.C.-P.); (W.S.); (J.D.); (A.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang S, Hong Y, Liu H, Wang Q, Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Yao Y, Zhou K, Ding X. miR-584 and miR-146 are candidate biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:445. [PMID: 33747181 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have important roles in inflammation and infections, which are common manifestations of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The present study aimed to assess whether serum miRNAs are potential diagnostic biomarkers for human ARDS. For this, two sets of serum samples from healthy individuals and patients with ARDS were analysed by high-throughput sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes in ARDS. A total of 679 valid sequences were identified as differentially expressed (P<0.05). Of these, five differentially expressed miRNAs were subjected to reverse transcription-quantitative PCR validation. Finally, two miRNAs (miR-584 and miR-146a) were successfully verified. These two miRNAs were significantly downregulated in the serum of patients with ARDS. Gene Ontology annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that their target transcripts were implicated in a broad range of biological processes and various metabolic pathways, including involvement in the regulation of various inflammatory factors. The present study provided a framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms of ARDS and suggested that miR-584 and miR-146a are associated with ARDS and may be potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siquan Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, XiXi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Yinuo Hong
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Huafeng Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, XiXi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Qianpeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, XiXi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit, XiXi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yao
- Intensive Care Unit, XiXi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Kexing Zhou
- Intensive Care Unit, XiXi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Ding
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kimani FW, Ajit J, Galluppi A, Manna S, Howitz WJ, Tang S, Esser-Kahn AP. Receptor-Ligand Kinetics Influence the Mechanism of Action of Covalently Linked TLR Ligands. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:380-388. [PMID: 33523635 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a mechanistic study comparing the immune activation of conjugated Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and their unlinked mixtures. Herein, we synthesized a set of six linked dual agonists with different ligands, molecular structures, receptor locations, and biophysical characteristics. With these dimers, we ran a series of in vitro cell-based assays, comparing initial and overall NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) activation, cytokine expression profiles, as well as time-resolved TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha) expression. We show that initial activation kinetics, ligand specificity, and the dose of the agonist influence the activity of these linked TLR systems. These results can help improve vaccine design by showing how linked TLR agonists can improve their potency with the appropriate selection of key criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora W. Kimani
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jainu Ajit
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander Galluppi
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Saikat Manna
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - William J. Howitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sophia Tang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aaron P. Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mesoporous Polydopamine Nanoparticles Attenuate Morphine Tolerance in Neuropathic Pain Rats by Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Restoration of the Endogenous Antioxidant System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020195. [PMID: 33572871 PMCID: PMC7912557 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to play a key role in numerous neurological disorders, including neuropathic pain. Morphine is one of the commonly used opioids for pain management. However, long-term administration of morphine results in morphine antinociceptive tolerance (MAT) through elevation of ROS and suppression of natural antioxidant defense mechanisms. Recently, mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanoparticles (NPS) have been known to possess strong antioxidant properties. We speculated that morphine delivery through an antioxidant nanocarrier might be a reasonable strategy to alleviate MAT. MPDAs showed a high drug loading efficiency of ∼50%, which was much higher than conventional NPS. Spectral and in vitro studies suggest a superior ROS scavenging ability of NPS. Results from a rat neuropathic pain model demonstrate that MPDA-loaded morphine (MPDA@Mor) is efficient in minimizing MAT with prolonged analgesic effect and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, serum levels of liver enzymes and levels of endogenous antioxidants were measured in the liver. Treatment with free morphine resulted in elevated levels of liver enzymes and significantly lowered the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in comparison with the control and MPDA@Mor-treated group. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed that MPDA@Mor can significantly reduce the hepatotoxic effects of morphine. Taken together, our current work will provide an important insight into the development of safe and effective nano-antioxidant platforms for neuropathic pain management.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jiao Y, Zhao D, Gao F, Hu X, Hu X, Li M, Cui Y, Wei X, Xie C, Zhao Y, Gao Y. MicroRNA-520c-3p suppresses vascular endothelium dysfunction by targeting RELA and regulating the AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:47-61. [PMID: 33411212 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial injury, which can cause endothelial inflammation and dysfunction, is an important mechanism for the development of atherosclerotic plaque. This study aims to investigate the functional role of miR-520c-3p in vascular endothelium during inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect miR-520c-3p expression in in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Furthermore, the effects of miR-520c-3p overexpression and silencing on cell proliferation, adhesion, and apoptosis were assessed. Bioinformatics analysis and Biotin-labeled miRNA pull-down assay were used to confirm the targets of miR-520-3p. Then, the effects of miR-520c-3p on AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways were detected by western blot. Herein, we observed that the expression level of miR-520c-3p was downregulated in HUVECs under PDGF stimulation. Overexpression of miR-520c-3p not only decreased cell adhesion but also promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis to protect the viability of endothelial cells. It was confirmed that RELA is the target of miR-520c-3p. MiR-520c-3p inhibited the protein phosphorylation of AKT and RELA, and si-RELA reversed the promotion of AKT and RELA protein phosphorylation by anti-miR-520c-3p. In summary, our study suggested that miRNA-520c-3p targeting RELA through AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways regulated the proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion of vascular endothelial cells. We conclude that miR-520c-3p may play an important role in the suppression of endothelial injury, which could serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fuhua Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ce Xie
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Medical Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, No.9 West Section Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen Z, Yu L, Cai X, Ye F, Jin P. Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway is involved in activating microphages by polysaccharides isolated from Fagopyrum esculentum. Bioengineered 2020; 10:538-547. [PMID: 31661653 PMCID: PMC6844372 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1682214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat polysaccharide fractions (BPFs) isolated from seeds of Fagopyrum esculentum have shown extensive immunomodulatory activities including activation of immune system. In this study, the immuno-modulation effects of BPFs on microphages were investigated. The obtained results show that BPFs can activate microphages as indicated by significant increases in the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (12.6 ± 1.30 U/mg prot), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein levels, and secretion of nitric oxide (NO) (21.5 ± 1.20 μmol/ml) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (71.2 ± 18.20 pg/ml). Moreover, blocking toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB pathway using a specific antibody to TLR4 or inhibitor of NF-κB led to the significant inhibitory immuno-modulation effect on microphages as indicated by the decrease in the secretion level of NO and TNF-α. It is demonstrated that BPFs can activate microphages and TLR4/NF-κB pathway is involved in the induction of NO and TNF-α in macrophages by BPFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Rui'an, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Rui'an, China
| | - Xiaoniao Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Rui'an, China
| | - Fangpeng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Rui'an, China
| | - Peisheng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an People's Hospital, Rui'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mendez JM, Keestra-Gounder AM. NF-κB-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 31984953 DOI: 10.3791/60567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The dimeric transcription factor NF-κB regulates many cellular response pathways, including inflammatory pathways by inducing the expression of various cytokines and chemokines. NF-κB is constitutively expressed and is sequestered in the cytosol by the inhibitory protein nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα). Activation of NF-κB requires the degradation of IκBα, which then exposes a nuclear localization signal on NF-κB and promotes its trafficking to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, NF-κB binds to the promotor region of NF-κB target genes such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-23, to promote their expression. The activation of NF-κB occurs independently of transcription or translation. Therefore, the activation state of NF-κB must be measured either by quantifying NF-κB specifically in the nucleus, or by quantifying expression of NF-κB target genes. In this protocol, cells stably transfected with an NF-κB::luciferase reporter construct are assayed for NF-κB activation using in vitro tissue culture techniques. These cells are infected with Salmonella Typhimurium to activate NF-κB, which traffics to the nucleus and binds to κB sites in the promoter region of luciferase, inducing its expression. Cells are lysed and analyzed with the luciferase assay system. The amount of luciferase produced by the cells correlates with the intensity of the luminescence signal, which is detected by a plate reader. The luminescence signal generated by this procedure provides a quick and highly sensitive method by which to assess NF-κB activation under a range of conditions. This protocol also utilizes quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect relative mRNA levels that are indicative of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Mendez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chang CP, Hu MH, Hsiao YP, Wang YC. ST2 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1240:83-93. [PMID: 32060890 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38315-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), also known as interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1), is one of the natural receptors of IL-33. Three major isoforms, ST2L (transmembrane form), sST2 (soluble form), and ST2V, are generated by alternative splicing. Damage to stromal cells induces necrosis and release of IL-33, which binds to heterodimeric ST2L/IL-1RAcP complex on the membrane of a variety of immune cells. This IL-33/ST2L signal induces transcription of the downstream inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes by activating diverse intracellular kinases and factors to mount an adequate immune response, even in tumor microenvironment. For example, activation of IL-33/ST2L signal may trigger Th2-dependent M2 macrophage polarization to facilitate tumor progression. Notably, sST2 is a soluble form of ST2 that lacks a transmembrane domain but preserves an extracellular domain similar to ST2L, which acts as a "decoy" receptor for IL-33. sST2 has been shown to involve in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and the progression of colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and gastric cancer. Therefore, targeting the IL-33/ST2 axis becomes a promising new immunotherapy for treatment of many cancers. This chapter reviews the recent findings on IL-33/ST2L signaling in tumor microenvironment, the trafficking mode of sST2, and the pharmacological strategies to target IL-33/ST2 axis for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Hsiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Duncan RS, Rohowetz L, Vogt A, Koulen P. Repeat exposure to polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid induces TLR3 expression via JAK-STAT signaling and synergistically potentiates NFκB-RelA signaling in ARPE-19 cells. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109494. [PMID: 31809875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), accounting for approximately 90% of AMD cases, is characterized by photoreceptor death, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and, ultimately, geographic atrophy - the localized death of RPE leading to loss of the center of the visual field. The pathological etiology of AMD is multifactorial, but innate immune signaling and inflammation are involved in early stages of the disease. Although numerous single-nucleotide polymorphisms in innate immune genes are associated with dry AMD, no single gene appears to cause dry AMD. Here, we hypothesized that activation of TLR3 potentiates expression of TLR3 itself and the NFκB-p65 (RelA) subunit as part of pro-inflammatory RPE signaling. Furthermore, we hypothesized that TLR3 activation can 'prime' cells to future RelA stimulation, leading to enhanced, persistent RelA expression and signaling following a second TLR3 activation. We used the human RPE-derived cell line ARPE-19 as a model system for RPE signaling and measured NFκB expression and activity in response to TLR3 stimulation with its ligand, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (pI:C). Activation of TLR3 with pI:C led to increased TLR3 and RelA expression that was sustained for at least 24 h. Cells exposed for a second time to pI:C after an initial pI:C exposure displayed elevated RelA expression and RelA nuclear translocation above the level generated by individual primary or secondary exposures alone. Such an elevated response could also not be generated by a single application of higher concentrations of the agonist pI:C. Additionally, we determined the mechanism for TLR3 mediated TLR3 and RelA expression by using inhibitors of canonical TLR3-TBK1-IKKε and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. These data suggest that initial exposure of ARPE-19 cells to pI:C upregulates TLR3 and RelA signaling, leading to potentiated and persistent RelA signaling potentially generated by a positive feedback loop that may cause exacerbated inflammation in AMD. Furthermore, inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling may be a possible therapeutic treatment to prevent induction of TLR3 expression subsequent to pI:C exposure. Our results identify possible therapeutic targets to reduce the TLR3 positive feedback loop and subsequent overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RPE cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Duncan
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America.
| | - Landon Rohowetz
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - Alex Vogt
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - Peter Koulen
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2411 Holmes St., Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wardi J, Ernst O, Lilja A, Aeed H, Katz S, Ben-Nachum I, Ben-Dror I, Katz D, Bernadsky O, Kandhikonda R, Avni Y, Fraser IDC, Weinstain R, Biro A, Zor T. 3-Aminobenzamide Prevents Concanavalin A-Induced Acute Hepatitis by an Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Mechanism. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:3382-3397. [PMID: 30196390 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Concanavalin A is known to activate T cells and to cause liver injury and hepatitis, mediated in part by secretion of TNFα from macrophages. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors have been shown to prevent tissue damage in various animal models of inflammation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of the PARP-1 inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) in preventing concanavalin A-induced liver damage. METHODS We tested the in vivo effects of 3-AB on concanavalin A-treated mice, its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages in culture, and its ability to act as a scavenger in in vitro assays. RESULTS 3-AB markedly reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver tissue damage in concanavalin A-treated mice. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, 3-AB inhibited NFκB transcriptional activity and subsequent expression of TNFα and iNOS and blocked NO production. In vitro, 3-AB acted as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the ROS formation inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) also inhibited TNFα expression in stimulated macrophages, but unlike 3-AB, NAC and DPI were unable to abolish NFκB activity. PARP-1 knockout failed to affect NFκB and TNFα suppression by 3-AB in stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 3-AB has a therapeutic effect on concanavalin A-induced liver injury by inhibiting expression of the key pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα, via PARP-1-independent NFκB suppression and via an NFκB-independent anti-oxidative mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joram Wardi
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel.
| | - Orna Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anna Lilja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hussein Aeed
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Sebastián Katz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Ben-Nachum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Ben-Dror
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dolev Katz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Olga Bernadsky
- Department of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Rajendar Kandhikonda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yona Avni
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Roy Weinstain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Biro
- Institute of Nephrology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel.
| | - Tsaffrir Zor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|