1
|
García-Chamé M, Wadhwani P, Pfeifer J, Schepers U, Niemeyer CM, Domínguez CM. A Versatile Microfluidic Platform for Extravasation Studies Based on DNA Origami-Cell Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318805. [PMID: 38687094 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The adhesion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to the endothelial lumen and their extravasation to surrounding tissues are crucial in the seeding of metastases and remain the most complex events of the metastatic cascade to study. Integrins expressed on CTCs are major regulators of the extravasation process. This knowledge is primarily derived from animal models and biomimetic systems based on artificial endothelial layers, but these methods have ethical or technical limitations. We present a versatile microfluidic device to study cancer cell extravasation that mimics the endothelial barrier by using a porous membrane functionalized with DNA origami nanostructures (DONs) that display nanoscale patterns of adhesion peptides to circulating cancer cells. The device simulates physiological flow conditions and allows direct visualization of cell transmigration through microchannel pores using 3D confocal imaging. Using this system, we studied integrin-specific adhesion in the absence of other adhesive events. Specifically, we show that the transmigration ability of the metastatic cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 is influenced by the type, distance, and density of adhesion peptides present on the DONs. Furthermore, studies with mixed ligand systems indicate that integrins binding to RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) and IDS (isoleucine-aspartic acid-serine) did not synergistically enhance the extravasation process of MDA-MB-231 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel García-Chamé
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces 2 (IBG 2), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Juliana Pfeifer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Carmen M Domínguez
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces 1 (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu G, Wang L, Wang X, Dong X, Yang S, Wang J, Xu S, Zeng Y. Comparative Proteomics Identified EXOSC1 as a Target Protein of Anticancer Peptide LVTX-8 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38700954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent malignancy that usually occurs among the nose and throat. Due to mild initial symptoms, most patients are diagnosed in the late stage, and the recurrence rate of tumors is high, resulting in many deaths every year. Traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy are prone to causing drug resistance and significant side effects. Therefore, searching for new bioactive drugs including anticancer peptides is necessary and urgent. LVTX-8 is a peptide toxin synthesized from the cDNA library of the spider Lycosa vittata, which is consisting of 25 amino acids. In this study, a series of in vitro cell experiments such as cell toxicity, colony formation, and cell migration assays were performed to exam the anticancer activity of LVTX-8 in NPC cells (5-8F and CNE-2). The results suggested that LVTX-8 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration of NPC cells. To find the potential molecular targets for the anticancer capability of LVTX-8, high-throughput proteomic and bioinformatics analysis were conducted on NPC cells. The results identified EXOSC1 as a potential target protein with significantly differential expression levels under LVTX-8+/LVTX-8- conditions. The results in this research indicate that spider peptide toxin LVTX-8 exhibits significant anticancer activity in NPC, and EXOSC1 may serve as a target protein for its anticancer activity. These findings provide a reference for the development of new therapeutic drugs for NPC and offer new ideas for the discovery of biomarkers related to NPC diagnosis. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (https://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the iProX partner repository with the data set identifier PXD050542.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganghua Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lingxiang Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xingyao Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Siyuan Xu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peng J, Luo X, Wang T, Yue C, Duan M, Wu C. Radix Tetrastigma Hemsleyani Flavone represses cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway inactivation. Cytokine 2024; 175:156480. [PMID: 38232644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common malignant skin tumor and significantly affects patients' quality of life and health. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway activation is involved in CSCC development. Radix Tetrastigma hemsleyani flavone (RTHF) is an active Radix Tetrastigma extract (RTE), which was recently reported to have promising inhibitory effects on CSCC. However, the underlying functional mechanisms of this inhibition remain unknown. In the present study, A431 cells or SCL-1 cells were incubated with 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL RTHF for 48 h, respectively. A significantly increased wound closure rate, decreased number of migrated and invaded cells, decreased colony number, and elevated apoptotic rate were observed after treatment with 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL RTHF. Furthermore, after incubation with RTHF, p-JAK1/JAK1, p-JAK2/JAK2, and p-STAT3/STAT3 levels were drastically reduced. An A431 xenograft model was constructed, followed by oral administration of 15, 30, or 60 mg/kg RTHF for 21 consecutive days. A significantly lower increase in tumor volume and reduced tumor weight were observed in all RTHF-treated groups. In addition, JAK/STAT3 signaling was drastically repressed in tumor tissues. Collectively, RTHF inhibited CSCC progression, which may be associated with JAK/STAT3 pathway inactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Peng
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 38, west lake avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xianyan Luo
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 38, west lake avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 38, west lake avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Yue
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 38, west lake avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengying Duan
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 38, west lake avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Department of Dermatologic Surgery, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, No. 38, west lake avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanjai C, Hakkimane SS, Guru BR, Gaonkar SL. A comprehensive review on anticancer evaluation techniques. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106973. [PMID: 37984104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective anticancer strategies and the improvement of our understanding of cancer need analytical tools. Utilizing a variety of analytical approaches while investigating anti-cancer medicines gives us a thorough understanding of the traits and mechanisms concerned to cancer cells, which enables us to develop potent treatments to combat them. The importance of anticancer research may be attributed to various analytical techniques that contributes to the identification of therapeutic targets and the assessment of medication efficacy, which are crucial things in expanding our understanding of cancer biology. The study looks at methods that are often used in cancer research, including cell viability assays, clonogenic assay, flow cytometry, 2D electrophoresis, microarray, immunofluorescence, western blot caspase activation assay, bioinformatics, etc. The fundamentals, applications, and how each technique analytical advances our understanding of cancer are briefly reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chetana Sanjai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushruta S Hakkimane
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Bharath Raja Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh L Gaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dey D, Ghosh S, Mirgh D, Panda SP, Jha NK, Jha SK. Role of exosomes in prostate cancer and male fertility. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103791. [PMID: 37777169 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common and fifth most aggressive neoplasm among men worldwide. In the last decade, extracellular vesicle (EV) research has decoded multiple unsolved cancer-related mysteries. EVs can be classified as microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes, among others. Exosomes play a key role in cellular signaling. Their internal cargos (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) influence the recipient cell. In PCa, the exosome is the regulator of cancer progression. It is also a promising theranostics tool for PCa. Moreover, exosomes have strong participation in male fertility complications. This review aims to highlight the exosome theranostics signature in PCa and its association with male fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dwaipayan Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, West Bengal 700118, India
| | - Srestha Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata 700017, West Bengal, India
| | - Divya Mirgh
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Siva Parsad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India.
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal, University, Dehradun, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shen J, Si J, Wang Q, Mao Y, Gao W, Duan S. Current status and future perspectives in dysregulated miR-492. Gene 2023; 877:147518. [PMID: 37295631 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of single-stranded small non-coding RNAs with a length of 21-23 nucleotides. One such miRNA, miR-492, is located in the KRT19 pseudogene 2 (KRT19P2) of chromosome 12q22 and can also be generated from the processing of the KRT19 transcript at chromosome 17q21. Aberrant expression of miR-492 has been observed in cancers of various physiological systems. miR-492 has been shown to target at least 11 protein-coding genes, which are involved in the regulation of cellular behaviors such as growth, cell cycle, proliferation, epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and migration. The expression of miR-492 can be regulated by both endogenous and exogenous factors. Furthermore, miR-492 is involved in the regulation of several signaling pathways including the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. High expression of miR-492 has been closely associated with shorter overall survival in patients with gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, oropharyngeal carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study systematically summarizes the related research findings on miR-492, providing potential insights for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiahua Si
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qurui Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunan Mao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vasconcelos-Ulloa JDJ, García-González V, Valdez-Salas B, Vázquez-Jiménez JG, Rivero-Espejel I, Díaz-Molina R, Galindo-Hernández O. A Triazaspirane Derivative Inhibits Migration and Invasion in PC3 Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114524. [PMID: 37299000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a serious health problem due to the complexity of establishing an effective treatment. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the activity of a triazaspirane as a migration and invasion inhibitor in PC3 prostatic tumor cells through a possible negative regulation of the FAK/Src signal transduction pathway and decreased secretion of metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Molecular docking analysis was performed using Moe 2008.10 software. Migration (wound-healing assay) and invasion (Boyden chamber assay) assays were performed. In addition, the Western blot technique was used to quantify protein expression, and the zymography technique was used to observe the secretion of metalloproteinases. Molecular docking showed interactions in regions of interest of the FAK and Src proteins. Moreover, the biological activity assays demonstrated an inhibitory effect on cell migration and invasion, an important suppression of metalloproteinase secretion, and a decrease in the expression of p-FAK and p-Src proteins in treated PC3 cells. Triazaspirane-type molecules have important inhibitory effects on the mechanisms associated with metastasis in PC3 tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier de Jesús Vasconcelos-Ulloa
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Victor García-González
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valdez-Salas
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21100, Baja California, Mexico
| | | | - Ignacio Rivero-Espejel
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana 22000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Raúl Díaz-Molina
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Octavio Galindo-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario de Estudios Metabólicos y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao Y, Lin X, Zeng W, Qin X, Miao B, Gao S, Liu J, Li Z. Berberine inhibits the progression of renal cell carcinoma cells by regulating reactive oxygen species generation and inducing DNA damage. Mol Biol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11033-023-08381-w. [PMID: 37217616 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08381-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid that has been shown to have antitumor properties in a growing number of studies. However, its role in renal cell carcinoma remains unclear. This study investigates berberine's effect and mechanism in renal cell carcinoma. METHODS The methyl-tetrazolium, colony formation, and lactate dehydrogenase assay were used to detect proliferation and cytotoxicity, respectively. Flow cytometry, caspase-Glo 3/7 assay, and adenosine triphosphate assay were used to detect apoptosis and the adenosine triphosphate levels. Wound healing and transwell assay were used to examine the migration ability of renal cell carcinoma cells. Besides, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was explored using a DCFH-DA-based kit. Additionally, western blot and Immunofluorescence assay was taken to determine the levels of relative proteins. RESULTS In vitro, our findings indicated that the proliferation and migration of renal cell carcinoma cells treated with berberine in various concentrations were inhibited, while the level of ROS and apoptosis rate were increased. Furthermore, The results of western blot showed that the expression of Bax, Bad, Bak, Cyto c, Clv-Caspase 3, Clv-Caspase 9, E-cadherin, TIMP-1and γH2AX were up-regulated, while Bcl-2, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Rad51 and PCNA were down-regulated after treating with berberine with various concentration. CONCLUSION The result of this study revealed that berberine inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression via regulating ROS generation and inducing DNA break.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinghua Lin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingzhang Qin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Bailiang Miao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57 Renmin Street South, 524001, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu X, Jin X, Li Z, Chen X, Zhao J. miR-152-3p facilitates cell adhesion and hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer via targeting AQP11. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 244:154389. [PMID: 36889174 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor metastasis is a fundamental reason for the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Publications suggested that upregulated Aquaporin-11 (AQP11) can improve CRC patients' prognoses, but few articles investigated the regulation of AQP11 in CRC cell adhesion and hepatic metastases. Therefore, this study will explore the regulatory mechanism of AQP11 regulating CRC cell adhesion and hepatic metastases at the molecular level. METHODS AQP11 and miR-152-3p expression were analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas-Colon Adenocarcinoma/Rectum Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-COAD/READ) dataset and several other datasets. The upstream genes of AQP11 were predicted via StarBase and MicroRNA Data Integration Portal (mirDIP) databases. The signaling pathways in which the downregulated AQP11 enriched were analyzed via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion were respectively tested via western blot, Transwell, and cell adhesion assays. The expression of adhesion-related proteins was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AQP11 protein level was examined via western blot, and AQP11 functions were validated via nude mice xenograft experiment. RESULTS AQP11 was downregulated in CRC, and the upregulated AQP11 remarkably repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion. The silenced AQP11 notably facilitated the above cell functions in CRC. In addition, AQP11 was negatively regulated by miR-152-3p. In vitro cellular assays revealed that miR-152-3p, by targeting AQP11, facilitated CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion. An in vivo assay suggested that AQP11 could notably repress CRC growth and metastasis. CONCLUSION The above results confirmed that miR-152-3p/AQP11 axis could regulate CRC hepatic metastases and would be a promising target in anti-cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaoxing University School of Medicine, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Xialin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing 312000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cui X, Li C, Ding J, Yao Z, Zhao T, Guo J, Wang Y, Li J. Establishing a Proteomics-Based Signature of AKR1C3-Related Genes for Predicting the Prognosis of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054513. [PMID: 36901944 PMCID: PMC10003753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) plays an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, particularly in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). It is necessary to establish a genetic signature associated with AKR1C3 that can be used to predict the prognosis of PCa patients and provide important information for clinical treatment decisions. AKR1C3-related genes were identified via label-free quantitative proteomics of the AKR1C3-overexpressing LNCaP cell line. A risk model was constructed through the analysis of clinical data, PPI, and Cox-selected risk genes. Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to verify the accuracy of the model, and two external datasets were used to verify the reliability of the results. Subsequently, the tumor microenvironment and drug sensitivity were explored. Moreover, the roles of AKR1C3 in the progression of PCa were verified in LNCaP cells. MTT, colony formation, and EdU assays were conducted to explore cell proliferation and drug sensitivity to enzalutamide. Migration and invasion abilities were measured using wound-healing and transwell assays, and qPCR was used to assess the expression levels of AR target genes and EMT genes. CDC20, SRSF3, UQCRH, INCENP, TIMM10, TIMM13, POLR2L, and NDUFAB1 were identified as AKR1C3-associated risk genes. These risk genes, established using the prognostic model, can effectively predict the recurrence status, immune microenvironment, and drug sensitivity of PCa. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and several immune checkpoints that promote cancer progression were higher in high-risk groups. Furthermore, there was a close correlation between the sensitivity of PCa patients to bicalutamide and docetaxel and the expression levels of the eight risk genes. Moreover, through in vitro experiments, Western blotting confirmed that AKR1C3 enhanced SRSF3, CDC20, and INCENP expression. We found that PCa cells with a high expression of AKR1C3 have high proliferation ability and high migration ability and were insensitive to enzalutamide. AKR1C3-associated genes had a significant role in the process of PCa, immune responses, and drug sensitivity and offer the potential for a novel model for prognostic prediction in PCa.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J, Wang F, Xie D, Zhou M, Liao J, Wu H, Dai Y, Huang J, Zhao Y. PLGA Nanoparticles Containing VCAM-1 Inhibitor Succinobucol and Chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin as Therapy against Primary Tumors and Their Lung Metastases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020349. [PMID: 36839671 PMCID: PMC9958791 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of malignant tumors is usually accompanied by poor prognosis due to metastasis of tumor cells. Hence, it is crucial to enhance anti-metastasis efficacy when anti-tumor treatments are conducted. It has been reported that the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is highly expressed on the surface of tumor cells and plays an essential role in the metastasis of tumor cells. Thus, reducing VCAM-1 expression offers hope for inhibiting the metastasis of tumor cells. Evidence has shown that succinobucol (Suc) can selectively and efficiently inhibit VCAM-1 expression. Inspired by these, we designed dual drug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (Co-NPs) to co-deliver VCAM-1 inhibitor Suc and the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (Dox) which could both effectively suppress primary melanoma and its lung metastases. Co-NPs were composed of PLGA encapsulated Suc and Dox as hydrophobic cores and DSPE-mPEG2000 as surface modification materials. With an appropriate particle size (122.4 nm) and a negatively charged surface (-6.77 mV) we could achieve prolonged blood circulation. The in vitro experiments showed that Co-NPs had potent cytotoxicity against B16F10 cells and could significantly inhibit VCAM-1 expression and migration of B16F10 cells. Additionally, the in vivo experiments showed that Co-NPs could efficiently suppress not only primary melanoma but also its lung metastases. In conclusion, PLGA nanoparticles containing VCAM-1 inhibitor Suc and chemotherapeutic Dox as therapy against primary tumors and their lung metastases provides a promising drug delivery strategy for the treatment of metastatic malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Dandan Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jiaxing Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Hongliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jingbin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xue C, Liu C, Yun X, Zou X, Li X, Wang P, Li F, Ge Y, Zhang Q, Xie X, Li X, Luo B. Knockdown of hsa_circ_0008922 inhibits the progression of glioma. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14552. [PMID: 36570001 PMCID: PMC9784332 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A glioma is a tumor originating from glial cells in the central nervous system. Although significant progress has been made in diagnosis and treatment, most high-grade glioma patients are prone to recurrence. Therefore, molecular targeted therapy may become a new direction for adjuvant therapy in glioma. In recent years, many studies have revealed that circular RNA (circRNA) may play an important role in the occurrence and development of many tumors including gliomas. Our previous study found that the expression of hsa_circ_0008922 was up-regulated in glioma tissues upon RNA sequencing. The biological mechanism of circ_0008922 is still unreported in gliomas. Therefore, in this study, we preliminarily outlined the expression of hsa_circ_0008922 in glioma and explored its biological functions. Methods The expression of hsa_circ_0008922 in forty glioma tissues and four glioma cell lines (A172, U251, SF763 and U87) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The correlation between hsa_circ_0008922 expression and clinicopathological features of glioma patients was evaluated by Fisher's exact test. To understand the potential function of hsa_circ_0008922 in glioma, we constructed small interfering RNA (siRNA) to hsa_circ_0008922 to downregulate its expression in glioma cell lines A172 and U251. With these hsa_circ_0008922 downregulated cells, a series of assays were carried out as follows. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 assay, migration and invasion were determined by wound healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. Colony formation ability was evaluated by plate clonogenic assay. Moreover, flow cytometry combined with Western blot was performed to analyze apoptosis status and the expression of apoptotic related proteins (caspase 3 and caspase 9). Finally, the possible biological pathways and potential miRNA targets of hsa_circ_0008922 were predicted by bioinformatics. Results We found that the expression of hsa_circ_0008922 in glioma tissues was 3.4 times higher than that in normal tissues. The expression of has_circ_0008922 was correlated with WHO tumor grade. After down-regulating the expression of hsa_circ_0008922, malignant biological behavior of glioma cells was inhibited, such as cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion. At the same time, it also induced apoptosis of glioma cells. Predicted analysis by bioinformatics demonstrated that hsa_circ_0008922 may be involved in tumor-related pathways by acting as a molecular sponge for multiple miRNAs (hsa-let-7e-5p, hsa-miR-506-5p, hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-let-7c-5p and hsa-let-7a-5p). Finally, we integrated our observation to build a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA predictive network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Xue
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Yun
- Department of International Cooperation and External Exchange, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Zou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingying Ge
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment of Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Xisheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Role of K63-linked ubiquitination in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:410. [PMID: 36202787 PMCID: PMC9537175 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a critical type of post-translational modifications, of which K63-linked ubiquitination regulates interaction, translocation, and activation of proteins. In recent years, emerging evidence suggest involvement of K63-linked ubiquitination in multiple signaling pathways and various human diseases including cancer. Increasing number of studies indicated that K63-linked ubiquitination controls initiation, development, invasion, metastasis, and therapy of diverse cancers. Here, we summarized molecular mechanisms of K63-linked ubiquitination dictating different biological activities of tumor and highlighted novel opportunities for future therapy targeting certain regulation of K63-linked ubiquitination in tumor.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang T, Li SM, Li YN, Cao JL, Xue H, Wang C, Jin CH. Atractylodin Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits the Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating ROS-Mediated Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092946. [PMID: 35566297 PMCID: PMC9103034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylodin (ATR) has anticancer effects on some tumor cells by inducing apoptosis, but its mechanism in lung cancer remains unclear. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of ATR on A549 lung cancer cells. Cell viability was detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and results showed that ATR could significantly inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and apoptosis rate and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. Results showed that the effect of ATR on the apoptosis of A549 cells was negatively correlated with the change in mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot analysis showed that ATR regulated apoptosis induced by mitogen-activated protein kinase, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathways. Analyses of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle, and cell migration showed that ATR induced intracellular ROS accumulation as an initiation signal to induce cell cycle arrest regulated by the AKT signaling pathway and cell migration inhibition regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway. Results showed that ATR can inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell apoptosis, induce cell cycle arrest, and inhibit the migration of A549 cells (p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (T.Z.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-L.C.); (H.X.)
| | - Shu-Mei Li
- Hemodialysis Center, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163001, China;
| | - Yan-Nan Li
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (T.Z.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-L.C.); (H.X.)
| | - Jing-Long Cao
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (T.Z.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-L.C.); (H.X.)
| | - Hui Xue
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (T.Z.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-L.C.); (H.X.)
| | - Chang Wang
- College of Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (C.-H.J.)
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (T.Z.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-L.C.); (H.X.)
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, China
- College of Food Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (C.-H.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu J, Ma L, Wang D, Yang J. Uncarboxylated osteocalcin promotes proliferation and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells through TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:18. [PMID: 35413833 PMCID: PMC9003967 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most severe type of breast cancer owing to its high heterogeneity, aggressiveness and lack of treatment. Studies have reported that uncarboxylated osteocalcin (GluOC) promotes the development of prostate and other cancers. Studies have also found elevated levels of serum osteocalcin in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis, and serum osteocalcin can be a marker of bone metastasis. However, whether GluOC promotes the development of TNBC and the related mechanisms need to be further clarified. RESULTS Our results revealed that GluOC is associated with the proliferation and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells. GluOC increased the viability and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, GluOC enhanced the metastatic ability of MDA-MB-231 cells by promoting the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also found that GluOC upregulated the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) genes in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moreover, the promoting effect of GluOC was reversed in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with specific inhibitor of SMAD3 (SIS3), a SMAD3 phosphorylation inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our research proved for the first time that GluOC facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells by accelerating the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD3 signaling pathway. Moreover, GluOC also promotes the gene expression of IL-8 and PTHrP. Both IL-8 and PTHrP can act as osteolytic factors in breast cancer cells. This study indicates that GluOC may be a useful target for preventing TNBC bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xu
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Ma
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Danqing Wang
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
M A M, Kim JY, Pan CH, Kim E. The impact of the spatial heterogeneity of resistant cells and fibroblasts on treatment response. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009919. [PMID: 35263336 PMCID: PMC8906648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing practice in the treatment of cancer is that of hitting hard with the maximum tolerated dose to eradicate tumors. This continuous therapy, however, selects for resistant cells, leading to the failure of the treatment. A different type of treatment strategy, adaptive therapy, has recently been shown to have a degree of success in both preclinical xenograft experiments and clinical trials. Adaptive therapy is used to maintain a tumor’s volume by exploiting the competition between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells with minimum effective drug doses or timed drug holidays. To further understand the role of competition in the outcomes of adaptive therapy, we developed a 2D on-lattice agent-based model. Our simulations show that the superiority of the adaptive strategy over continuous therapy depends on the local competition shaped by the spatial distribution of resistant cells. Intratumor competition can also be affected by fibroblasts, which produce microenvironmental factors that promote cancer cell growth. To this end, we simulated the impact of different fibroblast distributions on treatment outcomes. As a proof of principle, we focused on five types of distribution of fibroblasts characterized by different locations, shapes, and orientations of the fibroblast region with respect to the resistant cells. Our simulation shows that the spatial architecture of fibroblasts modulates tumor progression in both continuous and adaptive therapy. Finally, as a proof of concept, we simulated the outcomes of adaptive therapy of a virtual patient with four metastatic sites composed of different spatial distributions of fibroblasts and drug-resistant cell populations. Our simulation highlights the importance of undetected metastatic lesions on adaptive therapy outcomes. Tumors are composed of different cancer cells with varying degrees of treatment resistance, which compete for a shared resource. Adaptive therapy exploits this competition. The paradigm employs patient-specific on and off treatment schedules or lower doses to permit a significant number of drug-sensitive cells to survive. The surviving sensitive cells can suppress the growth of drug-resistant cells via intratumor competition. This competition can be modulated by the spatial structure of tumors. For example, resistant cell configuration, carrying capacity, or migration rate may change local spatial competition between drug-resistant cells or between drug-sensitive and drug resistant cells. In addition, the presence of growth factors produced by stromal cells such as fibroblasts promotes the proliferation of cells, enhancing the competition. To understand the impact of forenamed factors on the outcomes of adaptive therapy, we developed a computational model, 2D on-lattice agent-based model. Our findings show that the spatial factors regulate the local competition and may hold back the benefit of adaptive therapy. Further, the impact of fibroblast depends on the respective positioning of fibroblast to the resistant cells. Finally, we simulated the outcomes of adaptive therapy on multiple metastatic lesions of mixed spatial configuration on a virtual patient. In the simulation, we highlight the importance of undetected metastatic lesions on therapy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masud M A
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tan Y, Liu L, Zhang X, Xue Y, Gao J, Zhao J, Chi N, Zhu Y. THUMPD3-AS1 is correlated with gastric cancer and regulates cell function through miR-1252-3p and CXCL17. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2022; 32:69-80. [DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2022042848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
18
|
Mou Y, Sun Q. The long non-coding RNA ASMTL-AS1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by sponging miR-1343-3p that suppresses LAMC1 (laminin subunit gamma 1). Bioengineered 2022; 13:746-758. [PMID: 34859735 PMCID: PMC8805813 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carcinogenesis and development. We aimed to identify the function of the lncRNA ASMTL-AS1 during HCC malignancy. The expression of ASMTL-AS1, miR-1343-3p, and LAMC1 (laminin subunit gamma 1) was assessed in HCC tissues and cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and Transwell migration assays were performed to determine the effect of ASMTL-AS1 on HCC cell proliferation and migration. Cell apoptosis was identified by detecting Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression using Western blotting, and a xenograft assay was performed to investigate tumor growth in vivo. The interplay between miR-1343-3p and ASMTL-AS1 or LAMC1 was verified through luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. ASMTL-AS1 and LAMC1 were highly expressed in HCC tissues and cells, whereas miR-1343-3p showed low expression. Clinically, miR-1343-3p expression in HCC tissues showed a negative correlation with ASMTL-AS1 or LAMC1 expression. Functional assays demonstrated that ASMTL-AS1 silencing suppressed HCC cell proliferation and migration and increased cell apoptosis. More interestingly, ASMTL-AS1 sponged miR-1343-3p and miR-1343-3p to target the 3'-UTR of LAMC1, thereby interfering with the malignant behavior of HCC cells. In conclusion, ASMTL-AS1 acts as a carcinogen in HCC through competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity in the miR-1343-3p/LAMC1 axis. Our findings demonstrate that regulating ASMTL-AS1/miR-1343-3p/LAMC1-mediated HCC cell malignancy might be an effective method to interfere with HCC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Mou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qinguo Sun
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
DePalma TJ, Sivakumar H, Skardal A. Strategies for developing complex multi-component in vitro tumor models: Highlights in glioblastoma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114067. [PMID: 34822927 PMCID: PMC10560581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many research groups have begun to utilize bioengineered in vitro models of cancer to study mechanisms of disease progression, test drug candidates, and develop platforms to advance personalized drug treatment options. Due to advances in cell and tissue engineering over the last few decades, there are now a myriad of tools that can be used to create such in vitro systems. In this review, we describe the considerations one must take when developing model systems that accurately mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment (TME) and can be used to answer specific scientific questions. We will summarize the importance of cell sourcing in models with one or multiple cell types and outline the importance of choosing biomaterials that accurately mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tumor or tissue that is being modeled. We then provide examples of how these two components can be used in concert in a variety of model form factors and conclude by discussing how biofabrication techniques such as bioprinting and organ-on-a-chip fabrication can be used to create highly reproducible complex in vitro models. Since this topic has a broad range of applications, we use the final section of the review to dive deeper into one type of cancer, glioblastoma, to illustrate how these components come together to further our knowledge of cancer biology and move us closer to developing novel drugs and systems that improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hemamylammal Sivakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aleksander Skardal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhai Z, Mu T, Zhao L, Li Y, Zhu D, Pan Y. MiR-181a-5p facilitates proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis of breast cancer through NDRG2-mediated activation of PTEN/AKT pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 13:83-95. [PMID: 34951340 PMCID: PMC8805873 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2006974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In this research, we explored the involvement of miR-181a-5p in the progression of breast cancer and investigated potential molecular mechanisms. Firstly, the miR-181a-5p and N-myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) 2 expression was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cellular processes were assessed using Cell Counting Kit 8, Bromodeoxyuridine, colony formation and transwell assays. HK2, PKM2 and LDHA activities were assessed by ELISA. The combination between miR-181a-5p was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. The results indicated that miR-181a-5p levels were upregulated and NDRG2 levels were downregulated in breast cancer, leading to poor prognosis. Silencing of miR-181a-5p inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, glycolysis, and xenograft tumor growth, while enhanced miR-181a-5p got the opposite results. Furthermore, NDRG2 acts as a target of miR-181a-5p. Knockout of NDRG2 facilitated biological behaviors and meanwhile enhanced phosphorylation (p)-PTEN and p-AKT levels. Rescue experiments showed that restoring NDRG2 abolished the effects caused by miR-181a-5p in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, miR-181a-5p facilitated tumor progression through NDRG2-induced activation of PTEN/AKT signaling pathway of breast cancer, suggesting that focusing on miR-181a-5p may provide new insight for breast cancer therapy. Abbreviations Brdu: Bromodeoxyuridine; CCK-8: Cell Counting Kit-8; miRNA: microRNAs; mut: mutant; RT-qPCR: real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; UTR: untranslated region; WT: wild-type
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhai
- Breast Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlong Mu
- Breast Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Pathology Department, Dongfang Hostipal Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Breast Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yiliang Li
- Breast Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhu
- Breast Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanshu Pan
- Periodical Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jin W, Lin X, Pan H, Zhao C, Qiu P, Zhao R, Hu Z, Zhou Y, Wu H, Chen X, Ouyang H, Xie Z, Tang R. Engineered osteoclasts as living treatment materials for heterotopic ossification therapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6327. [PMID: 34732696 PMCID: PMC8566554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs), the only cells capable of remodeling bone, can demineralize calcium minerals biologically. Naive OCs have limitations for the removal of ectopic calcification, such as in heterotopic ossification (HO), due to their restricted activity, migration and poor adhesion to sites of ectopic calcification. HO is the formation of pathological mature bone within extraskeletal soft tissues, and there are currently no reliable methods for removing these unexpected calcified plaques. In the present study, we develop a chemical approach to modify OCs with tetracycline (TC) to produce engineered OCs (TC-OCs) with an enhanced capacity for targeting and adhering to ectopic calcified tissue due to a broad affinity for calcium minerals. Unlike naive OCs, TC-OCs are able to effectively remove HO both in vitro and in vivo. This achievement indicates that HO can be reversed using modified OCs and holds promise for engineering cells as "living treatment agents" for cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Pengcheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Ruibo Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Zihe Hu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Song S, Peng J, Wu Y, Li C, Shen D, Yang G, Liu J, Gong P, Liu Z. Biomimetic synthesis of a novel O 2-regeneration nanosystem for enhanced starvation/chemo-therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:025102. [PMID: 34544066 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase-mediated starvation therapy that effectively cuts off energy supply holds great promise in cancer treatment. However, high glutathione (GSH) contents and anoxic conditions severely reduce therapy efficiency and cannot fully kill cancer cells. Herein, to resolve the above problem, this study constructed a biomimetic nanosystem based on nanreproo-MnO2with porous craspedia globose-like structure and high specific surface area, and it was further modified with dopamine and folic acid to guarantee good biocompatibility and selectivity toward cancer cells. This nanosystem responsively degraded and reacted with GSH and acid to regenerate O2, which significantly increased intracellular O2levels, accelerated glucose consumption, and improved starvation therapy efficiency. Moreover, anticancer drug of camptothecin was further loaded, and notably enhanced cancer growth inhibition was obtained at very low drug concentrations. Most importantly, this novel therapy could unprecedentedly inhibit cancer cell migration to a very low ratio of 19%, and detailed cell apoptosis analyses revealed late stage apoptosis contributed most to the good therapeutic effect. This work reported a new train of thought to improve starvation therapy in biomedicine, and provided a new strategy to design targeted nanocarrier to delivery mixed drugs to overcome the restriction of starvation therapy and develop new therapy patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Song
- College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Peng
- College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Duyi Shen
- College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Yang
- College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Gong
- College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang L, Tian Y, Shang Z, Zhang B, Hua X, Yuan X. Metformin attenuates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells through the AMPK/TGF-β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108763. [PMID: 34517004 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a common ocular fibrosis disease related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). However, safe and effective drugs that prevent or treat PCO are lacking. Metformin (Mtf) has been used to treat fibrosis-related diseases affecting many organs and tissues, but its effect on ocular fibrosis-related diseases is unclear. We investigated whether Mtf can inhibit EMT and fibrosis in HLECs to prevent and treat PCO and elucidated the potential molecular mechanism. Here, we established an HLEC model of TGF-β-induced EMT and found that 400 μM Mtf inhibited vertical and lateral migration and EMT-related gene and protein expression in HLECs. Smad2/3 are downstream molecules of TGF-β that enter the nucleus to regulate EMT-related gene expression during the occurrence and development of PCO. We revealed that Mtf suppressed TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Mtf induces AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. In this study, we found that Mtf induced the activation of AMPK phosphorylation in HLECs. To further explore the mechanism of Mtf, we pretreated HLECs with Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) to repeat the above experiments and found that Compound C abolished the inhibitory effect of Mtf on HLEC EMT and the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Thus, Mtf targets AMPK phosphorylation to inhibit the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway and prevent HLEC EMT. Notably, we first illustrated the AMPK/TGF-β/Smad2/3 signalling pathway in HLECs, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy for PCO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xia Hua
- Tianjin Aier Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300191, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410000, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300020, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aslan M, Hsu EC, Liu S, Stoyanova T. Quantifying the invasion and migration ability of cancer cells with a 3D Matrigel drop invasion assay. Biol Methods Protoc 2021; 6:bpab014. [PMID: 34377838 PMCID: PMC8346651 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-associated morbidity which will account for ∼ 600,000 deaths in the USA in 2021. Defining new mechanisms that drive cancer metastasis is vital for developing new therapeutic strategies and improving clinical outcomes for cancer patients. Herein, we describe a recently established 3D Matrigel drop invasion assay to measure cancer cell invasion and migration capability in vitro. This assay is a versatile and simple tool to test the ability of cells to invade and migrate, test the functional role of genes of interest in cell invasion and migration, analyze the localization of the target proteins at the cell invasion edge in situ, and screen drug effects on cancer cell invasion and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Aslan
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive. Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - En-Chi Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive. Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive. Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tanya Stoyanova
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive. Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Niu Z, Zhang W, Shi J, Li X, Wu H. Effect of silencing C-erbB-2 on esophageal carcinoma cell biological behaviors by inhibiting IGF-1 pathway activation. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:194. [PMID: 34233689 PMCID: PMC8265138 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C-erbB-2 has been confirmed to be an oncogene that participates in cell growth, differentiation and division of tumors. We are wondered if its silenced expression can exert an anti-tumor effect. Therefore, this study is conducted to investigate the mechanism of C-erbB-2 silencing and IGF-1 pathway on esophageal carcinoma (EC) cell biological behaviors. METHODS The objects of study were 84 EC patients from Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, with the collection of EC tissue and adjacent normal tissue (> 5 cm away from cancer tissue). C-erbB-2 protein expression in EC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Human EC cell line Eca-109 was purchased from Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Based on different transfection protocols, EC cells with logarithmic growth phase of 3-5 passages were divided into blank control group, oe-C-erbB-2 NC group, siRNA C-erbB-2 NC group, oe-C-erbB-2 group, siRNA C-erbB-2 group, OSI-906 group, Rg5 group, Rg5 + siRNA C-erbB-2 NC group and Rg5 + siRNA C-erbB-2 group. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay; cell cycle distribution and apoptosis by flow cytometry; C-erbB-2, IGF-1, IGF-1R and Akt mRNA and protein expressions by qRT-PCR and western blot; and cell invasion and migration by Transwell assay and scratch test. Tumor growth was observed in male BALB/c nude mice (Shanghai Experimental Animal Center) based on Eca109 cell implantation, raising, and measurement. RESULTS C-erbB-2, IGF-1, IGF-1R and Akt expression were higher in EC tissues than those in adjacent tissues (all P < 0.05). Compared with blank control group, both si-C-erbB-2 and OSI-906 groups had decreased IGF-1, IGF-1R and Akt mRNA and protein expressions, decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion, prolonged G0/G1 phase, shortened S phase, increased cell apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth (all P < 0.05); while opposite trends were detected in C-erbB-2 vector and Rg5 groups (all P < 0.05), without statistical differences in siRNA C-erbB-2 + Rg5 group (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Silencing C-erbB-2 expression may inhibit EC cell proliferation, promote cell apoptosis and block cell cycle progression by inhibiting IGF-1 pathway activation. The beneficial effect of silencing C-erbB-2 expression can be reversed by promoting the activation of IGF-1 pathway. Findings in our study may provide potential reference for understanding the molecular mechanism of EC and supply possible axis for preventing the development of EC from the perspective of molecular biology.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Gene Silencing/physiology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1
- Transfection
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Niu
- Cardiothoracic surgery department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 Yan'an South Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China.
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Cardiothoracic surgery department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 Yan'an South Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Jialun Shi
- Cardiothoracic surgery department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 Yan'an South Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Cardiothoracic surgery department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 Yan'an South Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Hanlei Wu
- Cardiothoracic surgery department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, No. 110 Yan'an South Road, Luzhou District, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mughees M, Bano F, Wajid S. Mechanism of WASP and WAVE family proteins in the progression of prostate cancer. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:683-693. [PMID: 33471226 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed and third lethal cause of death from cancer in men worldwide. Despite the availability of vast treatment procedures, still the high occurrence of invasion and metastasis of PCa are reported in cancer patients. The WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) and WAVE (WASP family verprolin homologous protein) family of proteins are actin cytoskeleton regulatory proteins, reported to enhance cancer cell invasion and migration in prostate cancer. Hence, this review sheds light on the studies that explored the potential role of WASP and WAVE family of proteins in invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer. The research articles explored for the completion of this review were mostly from PubMed and Google Scholar by using the appropriate keywords for indexing. The conserved function of WASP and WAVE protein family is to receive the upstream signals from the Rho GTPase family and transmit them to activate the Arp2/3 complex that leads to rapid actin polymerization at leading edge of cells, which is crucial for PCa metastasis. Therefore, targeting these proteins could reflect a very interesting therapeutic opportunity to combat prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Faizia Bano
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cao S, Li H, Li L. LncRNA SNHG17 Contributes to the Progression of Cervical Cancer by Targeting microRNA-375-3p. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:4969-4978. [PMID: 34188550 PMCID: PMC8236284 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s312469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cervical cancer is a great threat to women’s health all over the world. Non-coding RNAs performed a wide range of functions. This study aimed to clarify the clinical significance and biological function of lncRNA SNHG17 and miRNA-375-3p (miR-375-3p) in cervical cancer (CC). Patients and Methods Blood samples from 124 CC patients and 119 healthy volunteers were collected. The relative expression of SNHG17 and miR-375-3p in CC patient serums and cells was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The receiver operating curve (ROC) was plotted for diagnostic value estimation. The CCK-8 and transwell assay were conducted to explore the function of SNHG17 on CC cells. A luciferase reporter assay was carried out to confirm the interaction of SNHG17 and miR-375-3p. Rescue experiments were performed to verify the interaction. Results SNHG17 showed an ascending expression while miR-375-3p descended in the serum of CC patients. For SNHG17 and miR-375-3p, respectively, the AUC was 0.863 and 0.869, the sensitivity was 84.7% and 75.8%, and the specificity was 78.2% and 86.6%. Knockdown of SNHG17 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of CC cells. Serum SNHG17 expression was negatively correlated with miR-375-3p expression, and miR-375-3p was the target miRNA of SNHG17. Rescue experiments verified the knockdown of SNHG17 inhibited cell growth through repressing miR-375-3p expression. Conclusion SNHG17 and miR-375-3p have the potential to be diagnostic markers for CC. Overexpression of SNHG17 in CC promoted the progression of CC partly via targeting miR-375-3p, implying a novel therapeutic target for CC emerging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Cao
- Department of Gynecology, Dongying District People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Dongying District People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Dongying District People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
LncRNA GNAS-AS1 facilitates ER+ breast cancer cells progression by promoting M2 macrophage polarization via regulating miR-433-3p/GATA3 axis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225295. [PMID: 32538432 PMCID: PMC7327181 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: ER+ breast cancer is the most common type of breast cancer, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of women. Recently, lncRNAs mediated tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were identified to involve in tumorigenesis. Therefore, the present study aimed at demonstrating the regulatory network of GNAS-AS1 in TAM-mediated ER+ breast cancer progress. Methods: The expression levels of genes were evaluated using qRT-PCR. The proportions of polarized macrophages (M1, M2) were assessed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated by CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assay, respectively. Double-luciferase reporter system was used to detect the interaction between molecules. Western blot was applied to test protein levels. Results: The expression of GNAS-AS1 was obviously increased in ER+ breast cancer tissues and cell lines, as well as M2 macrophages. GNAS-AS1 facilitated the capabilities of proliferation, migration and invasion of ER+ breast cancer cells by accelerating M2 macrophage polarization via directly sponging miR-433-3p. GATA3, as a target of miR-433-3p, could positively regulate by GNAS-AS1. Furthermore, either miR-433-3p overexpression or GATA3 knockdown impaired the effects of GNAS-AS1 on M2 macrophage polarization and ER+ breast cancer cells progression. Conclusion: GNAS-AS1/miR-433-3p/GATA3 axis promoted proliferation, metastasis of ER+ breast cancer cells by accelerating M2 macrophage polarization. The mechanism may provide a new strategy and target for ER+ breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang B, Zhang M, Li Q, Yang Y, Shang Z, Luo J. TPX2 mediates prostate cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition through CDK1 regulated phosphorylation of ERK/GSK3β/SNAIL pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 546:1-6. [PMID: 33556637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer with high Gleason grade is prone to metastasis, which is one of the factors that seriously threaten the survival of patients, and it is also a treatment difficulty. In this study, we first revealed the potential connection between TPX2 and prostate cancer metastasis. We found that TPX2 is highly expressed in high-grade prostate cancer and is significantly related to poor prognosis. Depletion of TPX2 can significantly inhibit cell activity and migration, and in vivo experiments show that knockdown of TPX2 can significantly inhibit tumor growth. In terms of mechanism, we found that knocking down TPX2 can inhibit the expression of CDK1, repress the phosphorylation of ERK/GSK3β/SNAIL signaling pathway, and thereby inhibit tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Subsequently, we found that after rescuing TPX2, all related proteins and phenotype changes were restored, and this effect can be inhibited by CDK1 inhibitor, RO-3306. Our findings suggest the potential of TPX2 as an important target in anti-tumor metastasis therapy, which is conducive to precision medicine for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boya Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Mingpeng Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Qi Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Jun Luo
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Connexins and cAMP Cross-Talk in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010058. [PMID: 33379194 PMCID: PMC7795795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Different connexins play diverse roles in cancers, either tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting. In lung cancer, Cx43 serves as a tumor suppressor at the early stage, but it can also be a tumor-promotor at an advanced stage and during metastasis. Moreover, other connexins, including Cx26, Cx31.1, and Cx32, can be tumor suppressors. In contrast, Cx30.3 can be a tumor-promotor. The roles of different connexins in different cancers have also been established. Cx43 acts as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and glioma, whereas Cx32 can be a suppressor in liver tumors and hepatocarcinogenesis. Cx26 can be a tumor suppressor in mammary tumors; in contrast, it can be a tumor-promotor in melanoma. Existing drugs/molecules targeting the cAMP/PKA/connexin axis act to regulate channel opening/closing. Mimic peptides, such as Gap19, Gap26, and Gap 27 block hemichannels, mimetic peptides, and CT9/CT10 and promote hemichannel opening and also hemichannel closing. Abstract Connexin-containing gap junctions mediate the direct exchange of small molecules between cells, thus promoting cell–cell communication. Connexins (Cxs) have been widely studied as key tumor-suppressors. However, certain Cx subtypes, such as Cx43 and Cx26, are overexpressed in metastatic tumor lesions. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling regulates Cx expression and function via transcriptional control and phosphorylation. cAMP also passes through gap junction channels between adjacent cells, regulating cell cycle progression, particularly in cancer cell populations. Low levels of cAMP are sufficient to activate key effectors. The present review evaluates the mechanisms underlying Cx regulation by cAMP signaling and the role of gap junctions in cancer progression and metastasis. A deeper understanding of these processes might facilitate the development of novel anticancer drugs.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang Z, Lin W, Lin Y, Kang M, Zhu J, Tong Z, Wu L, Sun J, Lin J. Long intergenic non-coding RNA Linc00485 promotes lung cancer progression by modulating miR-298/c-Myc axis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:309-322. [PMID: 33237626 PMCID: PMC7810966 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are non‐protein‐coding transcripts, are emerging as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Their dysregulation is increasingly recognized to contribute to the development and progression of human cancers, including lung cancer. Linc00485 is a newly discovered cancer‐related lncRNA; however, little is known about its role in lung cancer progression. In this study, we found that the expression of Linc00485 was significantly increased in human lung cancer tissue and associated with malignant phenotypes, including tumour‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage, metastasis and relapse. Furthermore, the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of lung cancer cells in vitro were significantly enhanced by overexpression of Linc00485 but inhibited by its silencing. Mechanistically, Linc00485 regulated the expression of c‐Myc by directly binding to miR‐298; the effects of Linc00485 overexpression could be significantly reversed by a c‐Myc inhibitor or small interfering RNA. Xenotransplantation experiments showed that Linc00485 silencing significantly weakened the proliferation potential of A549 cells in vivo. Overall, these findings indicate that Linc00485 overexpression down‐regulates miR‐298, resulting in the up‐regulation of c‐Myc and thereby promoting the development of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhan Lin
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingqiang Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiafu Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhangwei Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianhai Sun
- Department of Oncology, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hebei, China
| | - Jiangbo Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
SNAIL Transctiption factor in prostate cancer cells promotes neurite outgrowth. Biochimie 2020; 180:1-9. [PMID: 33132158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth involves reciprocal signaling interactions between tumor cells and nerves where invading tumor cells have acquired the ability to respond to pro-invasive signals within the nerve environment. Neurite outgrowth could serve as a mechanism leading to invasion of cancer cells into the nerve sheath and subsequent metastasis. Snail transcription factor can promote migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. We hypothesized that prostate cancer cell interaction with nerve cells will be mediated by Snail expression within prostate cancer cells. For this study we utilized various prostate cancer cell lines: C4-2 non-silencing (NS, control); C4-2 Snail shRNA, (stable Snail knockdown); LNCaP Neo (empty vector control) and LNCaP Snail (stably over-expressing Snail). Cancer cell adhesion and migration towards nerve cells (snF96.2 or NS20Y) was examined by co-culture assays. Conditioned media (CM) collected from C4-2 cells was cultured with nerve cells (PC-12 or NS20Y) for 48 h followed by qualitative or quantitative neurite outgrowth assay. Our results showed that cancer cells expressing high levels of Snail (LNCaP Snail/C4-2 NS) displayed significantly higher migration adherence to nerve cells, compared to cells with lower levels of Snail (LNCaP Neo/C4-2 Snail shRNA). Additionally, LNCaP Snail or C4-2 NS (Snail-high) CM led to a higher neurite outgrowth compared to the LNCaP Neo or C4-2 Snail shRNA (Snail-low). In conclusion, Snail promotes migration and adhesion to nerve cells, as well as neurite outgrowth via secretion of soluble factors. Therefore, targeting cancer cell interaction with nerves may contribute to halting prostate cancer progression/metastasis.
Collapse
|
33
|
Yin Y, Mai H, Zhang LY, Liao Y, Liu XP, Wei YP. A Zn(ii)–organic cage with semirigid ligand for solvent-free cyanosilylation and inhibitory effect on ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion ability via regulating mi-RNA16 expression. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract[Zn6(L)4(DMF)2(H2O)4](1,4-Dioxane)2(DMF)10(H2O)4 (1, L = 4,4′,4″-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(oxy))tribenzoate), the metal-organic cage, was produced via Zn(NO3)2·6H2O reacting with the H3L ligand in the mixed solvent of DMF and water. The heterogeneous catalytic activities of the complex 1 for the aldehydes cyanidation under the conditions of free solvent were studied, which indicates that the removal of coordination solvents could greatly improve the catalytic activities. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of the compound against the ovarian cancer cells was assessed. The mi-RNA16 relative expression level was measured after exposure to the compound with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The invasion and migration of cells after compound treatment were also detected by the transwell method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yin
- Department of Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hong Mai
- Department of Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xu-Peng Liu
- Department of Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ye-Ping Wei
- Department of Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gu Y, Deng C, Sun H, Zhang D. Two Cu(II) complexes: inhibitory activity on ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion ability via increasing miRNA16 expression. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1783315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haogang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Daqian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shen X, Wu S, Zhang J, Li M, Xu F, Wang A, Lei Y, Zhu G. Wild‑type IDH1 affects cell migration by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in primary glioblastoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1949-1957. [PMID: 32705169 PMCID: PMC7411459 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of brain cancer and has the highest mortality. Dysregulated expression of wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) has been demonstrated to promote the progression of primary GBM without accumulating D-2-hydroxyglutarate, which differs from IDH1 mutation-related mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Previous studies have revealed several roles of wild-type IDH1 in primary GBM, involving proliferation and apoptosis. However, the function of IDH1 in cell migration has not been investigated. In the current study, the results of bioinformatics analysis revealed that IDH1 expression was significantly upregulated in patients with primary GBM. Wound healing and Transwell assays demonstrated that IDH1 overexpression promoted cell migration in primary GBM cells and that IDH1 knockdown hindered this process. Furthermore, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which is the main product of IDH1-catalyzed reactions, was significantly decreased by IDH1 knockdown and upregulated by IDH1 overexpression. α-KG treatment significantly increased the migration of primary GBM cells. Additionally, RNA sequence analysis of patients with primary GBM reported significant alterations in the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway-regulated genes, including Myc, Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 and Twist-related protein 1, which are primarily cell migration regulatory factors. Western blotting revealed that the overexpression or knockdown of IDH1 promoted or inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, respectively. α-KG treatment of primary GBM cells also promoted the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, IDH1-overexpressing and α-KG-treated U87 cells were incubated with rapamycin, an mTOR-specific inhibitor, and the results revealed that rapamycin treatment reversed the increased cell migration caused by IDH1 overexpression and α-KG treatment. The results indicated that IDH1 regulated the migration of primary GBM cells by altering α-KG levels and that the function of the IDH1/α-KG axis may rely on PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Shen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Shen Wu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Ao Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Lei
- Department of Inspection, Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Khan F, Singh VK, Saeed M, Kausar MA, Ansari IA. Carvacrol Induced Program Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Androgen-Independent Human Prostate Cancer Cells via Inhibition of Notch Signaling. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1588-1608. [PMID: 31364516 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190731152942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have revealed that abnormal activation of Notch signaling is closely related with the development and progression of prostate cancer. Although there are numerous therapeutic strategies, a more effective modality with least side effects is urgently required for the treatment of prostate cancer. Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol and majorly present in the essential oils of Lamiaceae family plants. Many previous reports have shown various biological activities of carvacrol like antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer properties. Recently, we have shown potent anticancer property of carvacrol against prostate cancer cell line DU145. In the current study, we report the chemopreventive and therapeutic potential of carvacrol against another prostate cancer cell line PC-3 with its detailed mechanism of action. METHODS To determine the effect of the carvacrol on prostate cancer cells, the cell viability was estimated by MTT assay and cell death was estimated by LDH release assay. The apoptotic assay was performed by DAPI staining and FITC-Annexin V assay. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was estimated by DCFDA method. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS Our results suggested that the carvacrol treatment significantly reduced the cell viability of PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative action of carvacrol was correlated with apoptosis which was confirmed by nuclear condensation, FITC-Annexin V assay, modulation in expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase activation. The mechanistic insight into carvacrol-induced apoptosis leads to finding of elevated level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. Cell cycle analysis revealed that carvacrol prevented cell cycle in G0/G1 that was associated with decline in expression of cyclin D1 and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) and augmented expression of CDK inhibitor p21. Having been said the role of hyperactivation of Notch signaling in prostate cancer, we also deciphered that carvacrol could inhibit Notch signaling in PC-3 cells via downregulation of Notch-1, and Jagged-1. CONCLUSION Thus, our previous and current findings have established the strong potential of carvacrol as a chemopreventive agent against androgen-independent human prostate cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.,Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Vipendra K Singh
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd A Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A Ansari
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Leal-Egaña A, Balland M, Boccaccini AR. Re-engineering Artificial Neoplastic Milieus: Taking Lessons from Mechano- and Topobiology. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:142-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
38
|
Li Y, Liu J, Hu W, Zhang Y, Sang J, Li H, Ma T, Bo Y, Bai T, Guo H, Lu Y, Xue X, Niu M, Ge S, Wen S, Wang B, Gao W, Wu Y. miR-424-5p Promotes Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10441-10453. [PMID: 31819525 PMCID: PMC6890199 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s224325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies revealed that miR-424-5p regulates the malignant behavior of multiple cancer types. However, the expression and function of miR-424-5p in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is unclear. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the association of miR-424-5p level with clinical features of LSCC and investigate the effect and potential mechanism of miR-424-5p on LSCC progression. Methods The expression of miR-424-5p in LSCC and paired adjacent normal margin (ANM) tissues from 106 patients with LSCC were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and clinical significance was analyzed. Target genes of miR-424-5p were predicted, followed by functional annotation. The functional role of miR-424-5p in LSCC was investigated by molecular and cellular experiments with LSCC cell lines, with flow cytometry used for cell cycle analysis. In addition, miR-424-5p regulation of the predicted target gene cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) was validated by qPCR, Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assay. Results miR-424-5p was upregulated in LSCC versus ANM tissues. High miR-424-5p level was significantly associated with poor differentiation, advanced tumor stage and cervical lymph node metastasis. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-424-5p target genes are mainly enriched in biological processes of the cell cycle, cell division, and negative regulation of cell migration, and were involved in multiple cancer-related pathways. Overexpression of miR-424-5p promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion of LSCC cells and affected the cell cycle progression. Additionally, CADM1 was a direct target of miR-424-5p in LSCC cells. Conclusion miR-424-5p functions as an oncogene to promote the aggressive progression of LSCC, and CADM1 is a direct downstream target of miR-424-5p in LSCC cells. miR-424-5p may be a potential therapeutic target in LSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanglai Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangwei Sang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Dalian Municipal Friendship Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Bo
- Department of Pathology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huina Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuting Xue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Ge
- Health Management Center, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxin Wen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Binquan Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research Institute, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, People's Republic of China.,The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu C, Xu J, Wen F, Yang F, Li X, Geng D, Li L, Chen J, Zheng J. Upregulation of syncytin-1 promotes invasion and metastasis by activating epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related pathway in endometrial carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 12:31-40. [PMID: 30588028 PMCID: PMC6301305 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s191041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common and lethal malignancy worldwide. Syncytin-1 is expressed in multiple types of cancer. However, the expression pattern and potential mechanism of syncytin-1 and its clinical significance in EC remain unclear. Materials and methods We analyzed 130 primary EC specimens from Binzhou Medical University to investigate the clinical role of syncytin-1 in EC by using different advanced pathological stages of EC tissues. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to measure the overall survival of EC patients. Syncytin-1 expression was analyzed by Western blot assays in HECCL-1 and RL-95-2 cells. Cell proliferation, cycle, migration, and invasion abilities were detected by cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. AKT and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes were assessed by Western blot assays in HECCL-1 and RL-95-2 cells. Results Syncytin-1 was upregulated in EC tissues and cells and was related to clinical stages, expression of ER, Ki-67, and overall survival of EC. Functional research revealed that overexpression of syncytin-1 can promote cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and the migration and invasion of EC cells. Suppression of syncytin-1 expression also inhibited cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. The expression of syncytin-1 substantially improved the expression levels of EMT-related genes (vimentin, E-cadherin, slug, and ZEB1) but significantly decreased those of epithelial markers (N-cadherin and snail). In addition, we found that syncytin-1 was not correlated with AKT-related genes (total-AKT, p-AKT, and vinculin). Conclusion Our results suggested that syncytin-1 may promote aggressive behavior and can serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for EC. Our study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of EMT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changmin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Jiqin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuyang People's Hospital, Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Wen
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dianzhong Geng
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China
| | - Jiming Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Changzhou No 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, Shandong, China,
| |
Collapse
|