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Westcott F, Dearlove DJ, Hodson L. Hepatic fatty acid and glucose handling in metabolic disease: Potential impact on cardiovascular disease risk. Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117237. [PMID: 37633797 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing. Although invariably associated with obesity, the importance of fat deposition in non-adipose tissue organs has yet to be fully explored. Pathological ectopic fat deposition within the liver (known as (MASLD)) has been suggested to underlie the development of T2DM and is now emerging as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The process of hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), that is the synthesis of fatty acids from non-lipid precursors (e.g. glucose), has received much attention as it sits at the intersect of hepatic glucose and fatty acid handling. An upregulation of the DNL pathway has been suggested to be central in the development of metabolic diseases (including MASLD, insulin resistance, and T2DM). Here we review the evidence to determine if hepatic DNL may play a role in the development of MASLD and T2DM and therefore underlie an increased risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Westcott
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK
| | - David J Dearlove
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Williamson DL, Nagy G. Isomer and Conformer-Specific Mass Distribution-Based Isotopic Shifts in High-Resolution Cyclic Ion Mobility Separations. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12890-12898. [PMID: 36067027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the use of mass distribution-based isotopic shifts in high-resolution cyclic ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (cIMS-MS)-based separations to characterize various isomeric species as well as conformers. Specifically, by using the observed relative arrival time values for the isotopologues found in the isotopic envelope after long pathlength cIMS-MS separations, we were able to distinguish dibromoaniline, dichloroaniline, and quaternary ammonium salt isomers, as well as a pair of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 conformers based on their respective mass distribution-based shifts. Our observed shifts were highly reproducible and broadly applied to the isotopologues of various atoms (i.e., Cl, Br, and C). Additionally, through a control experiment, we determined that such shifts are indeed pathlength-independent, thus demonstrating that our presented methodology could be readily extended to other high-resolution IMS-MS platforms. These results are the first characterization of conformers using mass distribution-based IMS-MS shifts, as well as the first use of a commercial cIMS-MS platform to characterize isomers via their mass distribution-based shifts. We anticipate that our methodology will have broad applicability for biological analytes and that mass distribution-based shifts could potentially act as an added dimension of analysis in existing IMS-MS workflows in omics-based research. Specifically, we envision that the development of a database of these mass distribution-based shifts could, for example, enable the identification of unknown metabolites in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Williamson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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3
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Hazlehurst JM, Lim TR, Charlton C, Miller JJ, Gathercole LL, Cornfield T, Nikolaou N, Harris SE, Moolla A, Othonos N, Heather LC, Marjot T, Tyler DJ, Carr C, Hodson L, McKeating J, Tomlinson JW. Acute intermittent hypoxia drives hepatic de novo lipogenesis in humans and rodents. Metabol Open 2022; 14:100177. [PMID: 35313531 PMCID: PMC8933516 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition. It is tightly associated with an adverse metabolic phenotype (including obesity and type 2 diabetes) as well as with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) of which intermittent hypoxia is a critical component. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a significant contributor to hepatic lipid content and the pathogenesis of NAFLD and has been proposed as a key pathway to target in the development of pharmacotherapies to treat NAFLD. Our aim is to use experimental models to investigate the impact of hypoxia on hepatic lipid metabolism independent of obesity and metabolic disease. Methods Human and rodent studies incorporating stable isotopes and hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp studies were performed to assess the regulation of DNL and broader metabolic phenotype by intermittent hypoxia. Cell-based studies, including pharmacological and genetic manipulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), were used to examine the underlying mechanisms. Results Hepatic DNL increased in response to acute intermittent hypoxia in humans, without alteration in glucose production or disposal. These observations were endorsed in a prolonged model of intermittent hypoxia in rodents using stable isotopic assessment of lipid metabolism. Changes in DNL were paralleled by increases in hepatic gene expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 and fatty acid synthase. In human hepatoma cell lines, hypoxia increased both DNL and fatty acid uptake through HIF-1α and -2α dependent mechanisms. Conclusions These studies provide robust evidence linking intermittent hypoxia and the regulation of DNL in both acute and sustained in vivo models of intermittent hypoxia, providing an important mechanistic link between hypoxia and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Hazlehurst
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Teegan Reina Lim
- Department of Gastro & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 544894, Singapore
| | - Catriona Charlton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Jack J. Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, OX1 3PUT, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura L. Gathercole
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Thomas Cornfield
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nikolaos Nikolaou
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Shelley E. Harris
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Ahmad Moolla
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Nantia Othonos
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Lisa C. Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Carolyn Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Jane McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jeremy W. Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
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Cisbani G, Koppel A, Metherel AH, Smith ME, Aji KN, Andreazza AC, Mizrahi R, Bazinet RP. Serum lipid analysis and isotopic enrichment is suggestive of greater lipogenesis in young long-term cannabis users: A secondary analysis of a case-control study. Lipids 2022; 57:125-140. [PMID: 35075659 PMCID: PMC8923992 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis is now legal in many countries and while numerous studies have reported on its impact on cognition and appetite regulation, none have examined fatty acid metabolism in young cannabis users. We conducted an exploratory analysis to evaluate cannabis impact on fatty acid metabolism in cannabis users (n = 21) and non-cannabis users (n = 16). Serum levels of some saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, including palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids were higher in cannabis users compared to nonusers. As palmitic acid can be derived from diet or lipogenesis from sugars, we evaluated lipogenesis using a de novo lipogenesis index (palmitate/linoleic acid) and carbon-specific isotope analysis, which allows for the determination of fatty acid 13 C signature. The significantly higher de novo lipogenesis index in the cannabis users group along with a more enriched 13 C signature of palmitic acid suggested an increase in lipogenesis. In addition, while serum glucose concentration did not differ between groups, pyruvate and lactate were lower in the cannabis user group, with pyruvate negatively correlating with palmitic acid. Furthermore, the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol was elevated in cannabis users and could contribute to lipogenesis by activating the cannabinoid receptor 1. Because palmitic acid has been suggested to increase inflammation, we measured peripheral cytokines and observed no changes in inflammatory cytokines. Finally, an anti-inflammatory metabolite of palmitic acid, palmitoylethanolamide was elevated in cannabis users. Our results suggest that lipogenic activity is increased in cannabis users; however, future studies, including prospective studies that control dietary intake are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cisbani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex Koppel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Adam H. Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Mackenzie E. Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Kankana N. Aji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Ana C. Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada,Douglas Research Center, Montreal, Canada,Corresponding author: Richard P. Bazinet, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, Room 5358, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, , Phone number: (416) 946-8276, Romina Mizrahi, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard Lasalle, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3,
| | - Richard P. Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada,Corresponding author: Richard P. Bazinet, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, Room 5358, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, , Phone number: (416) 946-8276, Romina Mizrahi, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard Lasalle, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3,
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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for In Vivo Proteome Dynamics using Heavy Water Metabolic Labeling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217821. [PMID: 33105654 PMCID: PMC7672638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular proteins are continuously degraded and synthesized. The turnover of proteins is essential to many cellular functions. Combined with metabolic labeling using stable isotopes, LC-MS estimates proteome dynamics in high-throughput and on a large scale. Modern mass spectrometers allow a range of instrumental settings to optimize experimental output for specific research goals. One such setting which affects the results for dynamic proteome studies is the mass resolution. The resolution is vital for distinguishing target species from co-eluting contaminants with close mass-to-charge ratios. However, for estimations of proteome dynamics from metabolic labeling with stable isotopes, the spectral accuracy is highly important. Studies examining the effects of increased mass resolutions (in modern mass spectrometers) on the proteome turnover output and accuracy have been lacking. Here, we use a publicly available heavy water labeling and mass spectral data sets of murine serum proteome (acquired on Orbitrap Fusion and Agilent 6530 QToF) to analyze the effect of mass resolution of the Orbitrap mass analyzer on the proteome dynamics estimation. Increased mass resolution affected the spectral accuracy and the number acquired tandem mass spectra.
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Donatti A, Canto AM, Godoi AB, da Rosa DC, Lopes-Cendes I. Circulating Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers for Neurological Disorders-Metabolites in Neurological Disorders. Metabolites 2020; 10:E389. [PMID: 33003305 PMCID: PMC7601919 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are, still, limitations to predicting the occurrence and prognosis of neurological disorders. Biomarkers are molecules that can change in different conditions, a feature that makes them potential tools to improve the diagnosis of disease, establish a prognosis, and monitor treatments. Metabolites can be used as biomarkers, and are small molecules derived from the metabolic process found in different biological media, such as tissue samples, cells, or biofluids. They can be identified using various strategies, targeted or untargeted experiments, and by different techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, or nuclear magnetic resonance. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge about metabolites as biomarkers for neurological disorders. We will present recent developments that show the need and the feasibility of identifying such biomarkers in different neurological disorders, as well as discuss relevant research findings in the field of metabolomics that are helping to unravel the mechanisms underlying neurological disorders. Although several relevant results have been reported in metabolomic studies in patients with neurological diseases, there is still a long way to go for the clinical use of metabolites as potential biomarkers in these disorders, and more research in the field is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Donatti
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Amanda M. Canto
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B. Godoi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Douglas C. da Rosa
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz”, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil; (A.D.); (A.M.C.); (A.B.G.); (D.C.d.R.)
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil
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Hodson L, Parry SA, Cornfield T, Charlton C, Low WS, Green CJ, Rosqvist F. Using total plasma triacylglycerol to assess hepatic de novo lipogenesis as an alternative to VLDL triacylglycerol. Ups J Med Sci 2020; 125:211-216. [PMID: 32208800 PMCID: PMC7446043 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2020.1739789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is ideally measured in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triacylglycerol (TAG). In the fasting state, the majority of plasma TAG typically represents VLDL-TAG; however, the merits of measuring DNL in total plasma TAG have not been assessed. This study aimed to assess the performance of DNL measured in VLDL-TAG (DNLVLDL-TAG) compared to that measured in total plasma TAG (DNLPlasma-TAG).Methods: Using deuterated water, newly synthesised palmitate was determined in fasting plasma VLDL-TAG and total TAG in 63 subjects taking part in multiple studies resulting in n = 123 assessments of DNL (%new palmitate of total palmitate). Subjects were split into tertiles to investigate if DNLPlasma-TAG could correctly classify subjects having 'high' (top tertile) and 'low' (bottom tertile) DNL. Repeatability was assessed in a subgroup (n = 16) with repeat visits.Results: DNLVLDL-TAG was 6.8% (IQR 3.6-10.7%) and DNLPlasma-TAG was 7.5% (IQR 4.0%-11.0%), and the correlation between the methods was rs = 0.62 (p < 0.0001). Bland-Altman plots demonstrated similar performance (mean difference 0.81%, p = 0.09); however, the agreement interval was wide (-9.6% to 11.2%). Compared to DNLVLDL-TAG, 54% of subjects with low DNL were correctly classified, whilst 66% of subjects with high DNL were correctly classified using DNLPlasma-TAG. Repeatability was acceptable (i.e. not different) at the group level, but the majority of subjects had an intra-individual variability over 25%.Conclusion: DNL in total plasma TAG performed similarly to DNL in VLDL-TAG at the group level, but there was large variability at the individual level. We suggest that plasma TAG could be useful for comparing DNL between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sion A. Parry
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Cornfield
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catriona Charlton
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wee Suan Low
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte J. Green
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Parry SA, Rosqvist F, Mozes FE, Cornfield T, Hutchinson M, Piche ME, Hülsmeier AJ, Hornemann T, Dyson P, Hodson L. Intrahepatic Fat and Postprandial Glycemia Increase After Consumption of a Diet Enriched in Saturated Fat Compared With Free Sugars. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:1134-1141. [PMID: 32165444 PMCID: PMC7171936 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-2331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Debate continues regarding the influence of dietary fats and sugars on the risk of developing metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the effect of two eucaloric diets, one enriched with saturated fat (SFA) and the other enriched with free sugars (SUGAR), on intrahepatic triacylglycerol (IHTAG) content, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and whole-body postprandial metabolism in overweight males. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen overweight males were randomized to consume the SFA or SUGAR diet for 4 weeks before consuming the alternate diet after a 7-week washout period. The metabolic effects of the respective diets on IHTAG content, hepatic DNL, and whole-body metabolism were investigated using imaging techniques and metabolic substrates labeled with stable-isotope tracers. RESULTS Consumption of the SFA diet significantly increased IHTAG by mean ± SEM 39.0 ± 10.0%, while after the SUGAR diet IHTAG was virtually unchanged. Consumption of the SFA diet induced an exaggerated postprandial glucose and insulin response to a standardized test meal compared with SUGAR. Although whole-body fat oxidation, lipolysis, and DNL were similar following the two diets, consumption of the SUGAR diet resulted in significant (P < 0.05) decreases in plasma total, HDL, and non-HDL cholesterol and fasting β-hydroxybutyrate plasma concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of an SFA diet had a potent effect, increasing IHTAG together with exaggerating postprandial glycemia. The SUGAR diet did not influence IHTAG and induced minor metabolic changes. Our findings indicate that a diet enriched in SFA is more harmful to metabolic health than a diet enriched in free sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siôn A Parry
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ferenc E Mozes
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Thomas Cornfield
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Matthew Hutchinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Marie-Eve Piche
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andreas J Hülsmeier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Dyson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, U.K
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K.
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital Trusts, Oxford, U.K
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Altea-Manzano P, Broekaert D, Duarte JAG, Fernández-García J, Planque M, Fendt SM. Analyzing the Metabolism of Metastases in Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2088:93-118. [PMID: 31893372 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0159-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis formation is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. It has recently emerged that cancer cells adapt their metabolism to successfully transition through the metastatic cascade. Consequently, measuring and analyzing the in vivo metabolism of metastases has the potential to reveal novel treatment strategies to prevent metastasis formation. Here, we describe two different metastasis mouse models and how their metabolism can be analyzed with metabolomics and 13C tracer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Altea-Manzano
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorien Broekaert
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - João A G Duarte
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juan Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Planque
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium.
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Germeys C, Vandoorne T, Bercier V, Van Den Bosch L. Existing and Emerging Metabolomic Tools for ALS Research. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121011. [PMID: 31817338 PMCID: PMC6947647 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that aberrant energy metabolism could play an important role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite this, studies applying advanced technologies to investigate energy metabolism in ALS remain scarce. The rapidly growing field of metabolomics offers exciting new possibilities for ALS research. Here, we review existing and emerging metabolomic tools that could be used to further investigate the role of metabolism in ALS. A better understanding of the metabolic state of motor neurons and their surrounding cells could hopefully result in novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven—University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.G.); (T.V.); (V.B.)
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Vandoorne
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven—University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.G.); (T.V.); (V.B.)
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Bercier
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven—University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.G.); (T.V.); (V.B.)
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven—University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (C.G.); (T.V.); (V.B.)
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-33-06-81
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Hengist A, Koumanov F, Gonzalez JT. Fructose and metabolic health: governed by hepatic glycogen status? J Physiol 2019; 597:3573-3585. [PMID: 30950506 PMCID: PMC6767689 DOI: 10.1113/jp277767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose is a commonly ingested dietary sugar which has been implicated in playing a particularly harmful role in the development of metabolic disease. Fructose is primarily metabolised by the liver in humans, and increases rates of hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Fructose increases hepatic de novo lipogenesis via numerous mechanisms: by altering transcriptional and allosteric regulation, interfering with cellular energy sensing, and disrupting the balance between lipid synthesis and lipid oxidation. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis is also upregulated by the inability to synthesise glycogen, either when storage is inhibited in knock‐down animal models or storage is saturated in glycogen storage disease. Considering that fructose has the capacity to upregulate hepatic glycogen storage, and replenish these stores more readily following glycogen depleting exercise, the idea that hepatic glycogen storage and hepatic de novo lipogenesis are linked is an attractive prospect. We propose that hepatic glycogen stores may be a key factor in determining the metabolic responses to fructose ingestion, and saturation of hepatic glycogen stores could exacerbate the negative metabolic effects of excessive fructose intake. Since physical activity potently modulates glycogen metabolism, this provides a rationale for considering nutrient–physical activity interactions in metabolic health.
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