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Kangwa M, Salgado JAG, Fernandez-Lahore HM. Identification and characterization of N-glycosylation site on a Mucor circinelloides aspartic protease expressed in Pichia pastoris: effect on secretion, activity and thermo-stability. AMB Express 2018; 8:157. [PMID: 30276572 PMCID: PMC6167268 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylotrophic yeasts have widely been used as model organisms for understanding cellular functions and biochemical activities in lower eukaryotes. The gene encoding an aspartic protease (MCAP) from Mucor circinelloides DSM 2183 was cloned and expressed into Pichia pastoris using both the native M. circinelloides signal peptide (mcSP) and α-factor secretion signal from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (α-MF). When expressed in P. pastoris using α-MF and mcSP, MCAP was secreted into the culture medium at a concentration 200 mg L-1 (410 MCU mL-1) and 110 mg L-1 (249 MCU mL-1), respectively. The SDS-PAGE analysis of each culture shows that the protein was secreted in the media in two forms with molecular weights of approximately 33 and 37 kDa. Upon digestion using endoglycosidase H (Endo H), only one band at 33 kDa was observed, indicating that the protein might be glycosylated. One putative N-glycosylation site was found and a site-directed mutagenesis at position Asn331-Gln of the sequence produce only one form of the protein of 33 kDa, similar to that obtained when digested with Endo H. The optimum temperature and pH activity of the expressed MCAP was found to be at 60 °C and 3.6, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kangwa
- Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jose Antonio Gama Salgado
- Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hector Marcelo Fernandez-Lahore
- Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Identification of Antigenic Glycans from Schistosoma mansoni by Using a Shotgun Egg Glycan Microarray. Infect Immun 2016; 84:1371-1386. [PMID: 26883596 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01349-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of mammals by the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni induces antibodies to glycan antigens in worms and eggs, but the differential nature of the immune response among infected mammals is poorly understood. To better define these responses, we used a shotgun glycomics approach in which N-glycans from schistosome egg glycoproteins were prepared, derivatized, separated, and used to generate an egg shotgun glycan microarray. This array was interrogated with sera from infected mice, rhesus monkeys, and humans and with glycan-binding proteins and antibodies to gather information about the structures of antigenic glycans, which also were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A major glycan antigen targeted by IgG from different infected species is the FLDNF epitope [Fucα3GalNAcβ4(Fucα3)GlcNAc-R], which is also recognized by the IgG monoclonal antibody F2D2. The FLDNF antigen is expressed by all life stages of the parasite in mammalian hosts, and F2D2 can kill schistosomula in vitro in a complement-dependent manner. Different antisera also recognized other glycan determinants, including core β-xylose and highly fucosylated glycans. Thus, the natural shotgun glycan microarray of schistosome eggs is useful in identifying antigenic glycans and in developing new anti-glycan reagents that may have diagnostic applications and contribute to developing new vaccines against schistosomiasis.
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Baïet B, Burel C, Saint-Jean B, Louvet R, Menu-Bouaouiche L, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Mathieu-Rivet E, Lefebvre T, Castel H, Carlier A, Cadoret JP, Lerouge P, Bardor M. N-glycans of Phaeodactylum tricornutum diatom and functional characterization of its N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I enzyme. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:6152-64. [PMID: 21169367 PMCID: PMC3057864 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.175711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation, a major co- and post-translational event in the synthesis of proteins in eukaryotes, is unknown in aquatic photosynthetic microalgae. In this paper, we describe the N-glycosylation pathway in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Bio-informatic analysis of its genome revealed the presence of a complete set of sequences potentially encoding for proteins involved in the synthesis of the lipid-linked Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol N-glycan, some subunits of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, as well as endoplasmic reticulum glucosidases and chaperones required for protein quality control and, finally, the α-mannosidase I involved in the trimming of the N-glycan precursor into Man-5 N-glycan. Moreover, one N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, a Golgi glycosyltransferase that initiates the synthesis of complex type N-glycans, was predicted in the P. tricornutum genome. We demonstrated that this gene encodes for an active N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, which is able to restore complex type N-glycans maturation in the Chinese hamster ovary Lec1 mutant, defective in its endogeneous N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. Consistent with these data, the structural analyses of N-linked glycans demonstrated that P. tricornutum proteins carry mainly high mannose type N-glycans ranging from Man-5 to Man-9. Although representing a minor glycan population, paucimannose N-glycans were also detected, suggesting the occurrence of an N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I-dependent maturation of N-glycans in this diatom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Baïet
- Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Faculté des Sciences, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cédex, France
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Joensuu JJ, Kotiaho M, Teeri TH, Valmu L, Nuutila AM, Oksman-Caldentey KM, Niklander-Teeri V. Glycosylated F4 (K88) fimbrial adhesin FaeG expressed in barley endosperm induces ETEC-neutralizing antibodies in mice. Transgenic Res 2007; 15:359-73. [PMID: 16779651 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-006-0010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 02/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The F4-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a frequent cause of porcine post-weaning diarrhea. Orally administered F4 fimbriae or FaeG, the major subunit and adhesin of F4, induce a protective mucosal immune response in F4 receptor-positive piglets. Feed plants carrying immunogenic subunit proteins can offer great advantages for oral vaccination of domestic animals. Here, we describe high-level endosperm-specific production (1% of total soluble proteins) of FaeG in the crop plant barley. The endoplasmic reticulum-targeted recombinant endospermic FaeG (erFaeG) was shown to be heterogeneously glycosylated. The erFaeG showed resistance at digestive conditions simulating piglet gastric fluid. Glycosylation did not abolish the immunogenic character of the FaeG protein, since erFaeG was able to induce F4 fimbria-specific antibodies in mice. Biological activity of these anti-F4 antibodies was demonstrated in vitro by blocking the attachment of the F4+ ETEC to the F4 receptors present on porcine intestinal enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi J Joensuu
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Karnoup AS, Turkelson V, Anderson WHK. O-Linked glycosylation in maize-expressed human IgA1. Glycobiology 2005; 15:965-81. [PMID: 15901675 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwi077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
O-Linked glycans vary between eukaryotic cell types and play an important role in determining a glycoprotein's properties, including stability, target recognition, and potentially immunogenicity. We describe O-linked glycan structures of a recombinant human IgA1 (hIgA1) expressed in transgenic maize. Up to six proline/hydroxyproline conversions and variable amounts of arabinosylation (Pro/Hyp + Ara) were found in the hinge region of maize-expressed hIgA1 heavy chain (HC) by using a combination of matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS), chromatography, and amino acid analysis. Approximately 90% of hIgA1 was modified in this way. An average molar ratio of six Ara units per molecule of hIgA1 was revealed. Substantial sequence similarity was identified between the HC hinge region of hIgA1 and regions of maize extensin-family of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGP). We propose that because of this sequence similarity, the HC hinge region of maize-expressed hIgA1 can become a substrate for posttranslational conversion of Pro to Hyp by maize prolyl-hydroxylase(s) with the subsequent arabinosylation of the Hyp residues by Hyp-glycosyltransferase(s) in the Golgi apparatus in maize endosperm tissue. The observation of up to six Pro/Hyp hydroxylations combined with extensive arabinosylation in the hIgA1 HC hinge region is well in agreement with the Pro/Hyp hydroxylation model and the Hyp contiguity hypothesis suggested earlier in literature for plant HRGP. For the first time, the extensin-like Hyp/Pro conversion and O-linked arabinosylation are described for a recombinant therapeutic protein expressed in transgenic plants. Our findings are of significance to the field of plant biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industry-developing transgenic plants as a platform for the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton S Karnoup
- Analytical Sciences, The Dow Chemical Company, 1897 Building, Midland, MI 48667, USA.
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Pagny S, Denmat-Ouisse LA, Gomord V, Faye L. Fusion with HDEL protects cell wall invertase from early degradation when N-glycosylation is inhibited. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 44:173-82. [PMID: 12610220 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcg027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous data obtained in different suspension-cultured plant cells have clearly illustrated that N-glycans are absolutely required for transport of glycoproteins to the extracellular compartment, regardless of their oligosaccharide structure [see Lerouge et al. (1998) Plant Mol. Biol. 38: 31 for review]. In the present study the role of N-glycosylation in the transport of glycoproteins to the cell surface was studied in BY2 tobacco cells using both endogenous and recombinant cell wall invertases as markers. When synthesized without their N-glycans, both invertases were very rapidly degraded. This degradation did not occur in an acidic compartment and was brefeldin A-insensitive. Therefore, it most probably represents a pre-Golgi event. However, the low efficiency of specific inhibitors did not favor a strong contribution of proteasomes in this proteolysis. In contrast, addition of a C-terminal His-Asp-Glu-Leu (HDEL) extension prevented arrival of these non-glycosylated glycoproteins in the compartment where they are degraded. These results argue for the presence of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) domain specialized in protein degradation. Consistent with our results and the well-known stabilization of recombinant proteins retained in the ER, the addition of an ER retention signal to a protein would prevent its targeting to an ER domain devoted to degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Pagny
- CNRS-UMR 6037, IFRMP 23, Université de Rouen, F-76 821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
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Desmyter S, Vandenbussche F, Van Damme EJ, Peumans WJ. Preparation of monospecific polyclonal antibodies against Sambucus nigra lectin related protein, a glycosylated plant protein. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2001; 31:209-16. [PMID: 11513087 DOI: 10.1081/pb-100104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A simple, but highly efficient, method was developed for the purification of monospecific antibodies against the plant glycoprotein Sambucus nigra lectin related protein. In a first step, the antiserum is purified by affinity chromatography on a column with the immobilized antigen. To deplete the affinity-purified antiserum from aspecific cross-reacting antibodies directed against the glycan part of the glycoprotein, a second affinity chromatography on an unrelated plant glycoprotein, in casu the Robinia pseudoacacia agglutinin, is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Desmyter
- Laboratory for Phytopathology and Plant Protection, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Denmat-Ouisse LA, Faye L, Gomord V. Post-translational maturation of natural and drug-induced missorted phytohemagglutinin. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 1999; 37:849-858. [PMID: 10580285 DOI: 10.1016/s0981-9428(99)00113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The bean lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was expressed in transgenic suspension-cultured BY-2 tobacco cells simultaneously with another recombinant vacuolar protein, the sweet potato sporamin. In contrast to previous observations in different transgenic plant systems when expressed in BY-2 tobacco cells, phytohemagglutinin is mostly but not exclusively targeted to the vacuole. Indeed, a small amount of recombinant phytohemagglutinin is secreted into the culture medium of tobacco cells. Furthermore part of this extracellular phytohemagglutinin has no lectin activity and presents an abnormal glycosylation consistent with higher accessibility of glycans N-linked to these extracellular phytohemagglutinin forms. Phytohemagglutinin secretion occurs regardless of recombinant protein expression level. Consequently, missorting in this case is due to an abnormal phytohemagglutinin conformation or oligomerization rather than to receptor saturation. The treatment of BY-2 cells with drugs, such as monensin and wortmannin, increases even more the transport of phytohemagglutinin to the cell surface through a general inhibition of the sorting mechanisms of vacuolar proteins. The sensitivity to wortmannin is similar for the sorting of phytohemagglutinin and endogenous tobacco chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase, suggesting that phytohemagglutinin and COOH-terminal propeptide mediated vacuolar sorting share similar mechanisms. A characterization of glycans N-linked to extracellular phytohemagglutinin secreted by monensin- or wortmannin-treated transgenic tobacco cells illustrates that in contrast with monensin, wortmannin completely inhibits the sorting of vacuolar proteins without having any effect on the efficiency of Golgi processing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- LA Denmat-Ouisse
- Laboratoire des transports intracellulaires, CNRS-ESA 6037, IFRMP 23, université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Cabanes-Macheteau M, Fitchette-Lainé AC, Loutelier-Bourhis C, Lange C, Vine ND, Ma JK, Lerouge P, Faye L. N-Glycosylation of a mouse IgG expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. Glycobiology 1999; 9:365-72. [PMID: 10089210 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/9.4.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since plants are emerging as an important system for the expression of recombinant glycoproteins, especially those intended for therapeutic purposes, it is important to scrutinize to what extent glycans harbored by mammalian glycoproteins produced in transgenic plants differ from their natural counterpart. We report here the first detailed analysis of the glycosylation of a functional mammalian glycoprotein expressed in a transgenic plant. The structures of the N-linked glycans attached to the heavy chains of the monoclonal antibody Guy's 13 produced in transgenic tobacco plants (plantibody Guy's 13) were identified and compared to those found in the corresponding IgG1 of murine origin. Both N-glycosylation sites located on the heavy chain of the plantibody Guy's 13 are N-glycosylated as in mouse. However, the number of Guy's 13 glycoforms is higher in the plant than in the mammalian expression system. Despite the high structural diversity of the plantibody N-glycans, glycosylation appears to be sufficient for the production of a soluble and biologically active IgG in the plant system. In addition to high-mannose-type N-glycans, 60% of the oligosaccharides N-linked to the plantibody have beta(1, 2)-xylose and alpha(1, 3)-fucose residues linked to the core Man3GlcNAc2. These plant-specific oligosaccharide structures are not a limitation to the use of plantibody Guy's 13 for topical immunotherapy. However, their immunogenicity may raise concerns for systemic applications of plantibodies in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cabanes-Macheteau
- Laboratoire des Transports Intracellulaires, CNRS-ESA 6037, and Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-organique, Centre Régional Universitairede Spectroscopie, IFRMP 23, Université de Rouen, UFR des Sciences, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
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Lerouge P, Cabanes-Macheteau M, Rayon C, Fischette-Lainé AC, Gomord V, Faye L. N-glycoprotein biosynthesis in plants: recent developments and future trends. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1998; 38:31-48. [PMID: 9738959 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5298-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a major modification of proteins in plant cells. This process starts in the endoplasmic reticulum by the co-translational transfer of a precursor oligosaccharide to specific asparagine residues of the nascent polypeptide chain. Processing of this oligosaccharide into high-mannose-type, paucimannosidic-type, hybrid-type or complex-type N-glycans occurs in the secretory pathway as the glycoprotein moves from the endoplasmic reticulum to its final destination. At the end of their maturation, some plant N-glycans have typical structures that differ from those found in their mammalian counterpart by the absence of sialic acid and the presence of beta(1,2)-xylose and alpha( 1,3)-fucose residues. Glycosidases and glycosyltransferases that respectively catalyse the stepwise trimming and addition of sugar residues are generally considered as working in a co-ordinated and highly ordered fashion to form mature N-glycans. On the basis of this assembly line concept, fast progress is currently made by using N-linked glycan structures as milestones of the intracellular transport of proteins along the plant secretory pathway. Further developments of this approach will need to more precisely define the topological distribution of glycosyltransferases within a plant Golgi stack. In contrast with their acknowledged role in the targeting of lysosomal hydrolases in mammalian cells, N-glycans have no specific function in the transport of glycoproteins into the plant vacuole. However, the presence of N-glycans, regardless of their structures, is necessary for an efficient secretion of plant glycoproteins. In the biotechnology field, transgenic plants are rapidly emerging as an important system for the production of recombinant glycoproteins intended for therapeutic purposes, which is a strong motivation to speed up research in plant glycobiology. In this regard, the potential and limits of plant cells as a factory for the production of mammalian glycoproteins will be illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lerouge
- Laboratoire des Transports Intracellulaires, CNRS-ESA 6037, IFRMP 23, Université de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
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